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Zhang C, Liu Y, Li G, Yang Z, Han C, Sun X, Sheng C, Ding K, Rao Y. Targeting the undruggables-the power of protein degraders. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024:S2095-9273(24)00212-3. [PMID: 38614856 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Undruggable targets typically refer to a class of therapeutic targets that are difficult to target through conventional methods or have not yet been targeted, but are of great clinical significance. According to statistics, over 80% of disease-related pathogenic proteins cannot be targeted by current conventional treatment methods. In recent years, with the advancement of basic research and new technologies, the development of various new technologies and mechanisms has brought new perspectives to overcome challenging drug targets. Among them, targeted protein degradation technology is a breakthrough drug development strategy for challenging drug targets. This technology can specifically identify target proteins and directly degrade pathogenic target proteins by utilizing the inherent protein degradation pathways within cells. This new form of drug development includes various types such as proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC), molecular glue, lysosome-targeting Chimaera (LYTAC), autophagosome-tethering compound (ATTEC), autophagy-targeting chimera (AUTAC), autophagy-targeting chimera (AUTOTAC), degrader-antibody conjugate (DAC). This article systematically summarizes the application of targeted protein degradation technology in the development of degraders for challenging drug targets. Finally, the article looks forward to the future development direction and application prospects of targeted protein degradation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yongbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhouli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiuyun Sun
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Ke Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yu Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China.
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Servin-Balderas I, Wetser K, Buisman C, Hamelers B. Implications in the production of defossilized methanol: A study on carbon sources. J Environ Manage 2024; 354:120304. [PMID: 38377750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The transition of the current fossil based chemical industry to a carbon-neutral industry can be done by the substitution of fossil carbon for defossilized carbon in the production of base chemicals. Methanol is one of the seven base chemicals, which could be used to produce other base chemicals (light olefins and aromatics). In this research, we evaluated the synthesis of methanol based on defossilized carbon sources (maize, waste biomass, direct air capture of CO2 (DAC), and CO2 from the cement industry) by considering carbon source availability, energy, water, and land demand. This evaluation was based on a carbon balance for each of the carbon sources. Our results show that maize, waste biomass, and CO2 cement could supply 0.7, 2, 15 times the carbon demand for methanol respectively. Regarding the energy demand maize, waste biomass, DAC, and CO2 from cement demand 25, 21, 48, and 45GJtonMeOH separately. The demand for water is 5300, 220, 8, and 8m3tonMeOH. And lastly, land demand was estimated to 1031, 36, 83, and 77m2tonMeOH per carbon source. The high-demanding-resource production of defossilized methanol is dependent on the availability of resources per location. Therefore, we analyzed the production of defossilized methanol in the Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, China, and the USA. China is the only country where CO2 from the cement industry could provide all the demand of carbon. But as we envision society becoming carbon neutral, CO2 from the cement industry would diminish in time, as a consequence, it would not be sufficient to supply the demand for carbon. DAC would be the only source able to provide the demand for defossilized carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Servin-Balderas
- Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Koen Wetser
- Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Cees Buisman
- Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, Leeuwarden, 8911 MA, The Netherlands.
| | - Bert Hamelers
- Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, Leeuwarden, 8911 MA, The Netherlands.
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Nomura S, Ghaznavi C, Shimizu K, Cao A, Sassa M, Uchibori M, Santosh Kumar R, Yamasaki L, Tomoi H, Sakamoto H. Insights from the COVID-19 pandemic: trends in development assistance committee countries' aid allocation, 2011-2021. Glob Health Action 2023; 16:2258707. [PMID: 37733029 PMCID: PMC10515657 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2023.2258707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Official Development Assistance (ODA) significantly aids sustainable development in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted aid allocation, posing challenges for attaining the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). OBJECTIVE This study explores and underscores the profound implications of shifts in ODA allocation by Development Assistance Committee (DAC) member countries, resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, offering a unique perspective on the evolving landscape of international aid. METHODS Drawing from the gross ODA disbursement data for LMICs by DAC member countries from 2011 to 2021, a linear regression analysis assessed the changes in ODA amount, ODA-to-gross national income (GNI) ratio, sectoral aid allocation, and the balance between bilateral and multilateral aid, primarily focusing on the differences pre- and post-COVID-19. For non-specialised multilateral agencies' core funding, the OECD's methodology for calculating imputed multilateral ODA was employed to estimate ODA flows. RESULTS The study found an increasing trend in the total ODA provided by DAC member countries from 2011 to 2021. However, the average ODA/GNI ratio showed a slight but significant decrease before the pandemic, followed by an increase after the COVID-19 pandemic. The health sector received the highest percentage of aid after the pandemic, with a marked increase in both bilateral and multilateral aid. However, other sectors such as humanitarian aid, water and sanitation, and energy experienced a significant decrease in sectoral aid share. CONCLUSIONS Emerging from this analysis is a strong recommendation for DAC members to re-evaluate aid objectives and escalate their financial commitments to reinforce SDGs and sustainable development efforts. While the rise in health aid is essential, other sectors also require equal focus to offset the ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the intricacies of aid allocation can improve aid efficacy, culminating in greater, transformative results for recipient countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Nomura
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Better Co-Being, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Cyrus Ghaznavi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Kazuki Shimizu
- Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of International Medical Education, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Alton Cao
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Sassa
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manae Uchibori
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rauniyar Santosh Kumar
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Ocean Policy Research Institute, Sasakawa Peace Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lisa Yamasaki
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hana Tomoi
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Haruka Sakamoto
- Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Wu K, Peng S, Ye G, Chen Z, Wu D. Self-Assembled Core-Shell Structure MgO@TiO 2 as a K 2CO 3 Support with Superior Performance for Direct Air Capture CO 2. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:59561-59572. [PMID: 38095057 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Traditional carbon capture and storage technologies for large point sources can at best slow the rate of increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. In contrast, direct capture of CO2 from ambient air, or "direct air capture" (DAC), offers the potential to become a truly carbon-negative technology. Composite solid adsorbents fabricated by impregnating a porous matrix with K2CO3 are promising adsorbents for the adsorption capture of CO2 from ambient air. Nevertheless, the adsorbent can be rapidly deactivated during continuous adsorption/desorption cycles. In this study, MgO-supported, TiO2-stabilized MgO@TiO2 core-shell structures were prepared as supports using a novel self-assembled (SA) method and then impregnated with 50 wt % K2CO3 (K2CO3/MgO@TiO2, denoted as SA-KM@T). The adsorbent exhibits a high CO2 capture capacity of ∼126.6 mg CO2/g sorbent in direct air adsorption and maintained a performance of 20 adsorption/desorption cycles at 300 °C mid-temperature, which was much better than that of K2CO3/MgO. Analysis proved that the core-shell structure of the support effectively inhibited the reaction between the active component (K2CO3) and the main support (MgO) by the addition of TiO2, resulting in higher reactivity, thermal stability, and antiagglomeration properties. This work provides an alternative strategy for DAC applications using adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Guojie Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Zuofeng Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Deli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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Favero A, Realff M, Lucas M, Giarrusso A, Lang K. Geo-Spatial Economic Assessment of the Potential Development of Bioenergy Combined with Direct Air Carbon Capture (BE DAC) in the USA. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:21681-21690. [PMID: 38082479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a geo-spatial and economic framework to localize future bioenergy power plants combined with direct air capture (BEDAC). This framework is applied to two regions in the USA to assess the optimal use of forest biomass and in situ carbon sequestration under three specific short-term sequestration targets. Results show that there are many locations that have both the necessary biomass and geology required for storage. The Southeast has greater potential for forestry biomass due to both the rate of growth and forested areas, but the sequestration potential is mostly limited to a CO2 solution in saline aquifers. The Pacific Northwest has more sequestration potential than the Southeast given the location of managed forests and storage sites in carbonate mineralization in bedrock. The two combined regions have a total potential sequestration of 9.3 GtCO2 for the next 20 years that can be achieved under an implicit carbon value of $249/tCO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Favero
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, United States
| | - Matthew Realff
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Maria Lucas
- IMPLAN Group, LLC, Huntersville, North Carolina 28078, United States
| | - Anthony Giarrusso
- Center for Spatial Planning Analytics and Visualization, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Karl Lang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Zhou P, Yan P, Chen J, Chen Z, Hong W. A 77 GHz Power Amplifier with 19.1 dBm Peak Output Power in 130 nm SiGe Process. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:2238. [PMID: 38138407 PMCID: PMC10745590 DOI: 10.3390/mi14122238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This article reports a two-stage differential structure power amplifier based on a 130 nm SiGe process operating at 77 GHz. By introducing a tunable capacitor for amplitude and phase balance at the center tap of the secondary coil of the traditional Marchand balun, the balun achieves amplitude imbalance less than 0.5 dB and phase imbalance less than 1 degree within the operating frequency range of 70-85 GHz, which enables the power amplifier to exhibit comparable output power over a wide operating frequency band. The power amplifier, based on a designed 3-bit digital analog convertor (DAC)-controlled base bias current source, exhibits small signal gain fluctuation of less than 5 dB and saturation output power fluctuation of less than 2 dB near the 80 GHz frequency point when the ambient temperature varies in the range of -40 °C to 125 °C. Benefiting from the aforementioned design, the tested single-path differential power amplifier exhibits a small signal gain exceeding 16 dB, a saturation output power exceeding 18 dBm, and a peak saturation output power of 19.1 dBm in the frequency band of 70-85 GHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peigen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China (W.H.)
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Guta Y, Carneiro J, Li S, Innocenti G, Pang SH, Sakwa-Novak MA, Sievers C, Jones CW. Contributions of CO 2, O 2, and H 2O to the Oxidative Stability of Solid Amine Direct Air Capture Sorbents at Intermediate Temperature. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:46790-46802. [PMID: 37774150 PMCID: PMC10571043 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Aminopolymer-based sorbents are preferred materials for extraction of CO2 from ambient air [direct air capture (DAC) of CO2] owing to their high CO2 adsorption capacity and selectivity at ultra-dilute conditions. While those adsorptive properties are important, the stability of a sorbent is a key element in developing high-performing, cost-effective, and long-lasting sorbents that can be deployed at scale. Along with process upsets, environmental components such as CO2, O2, and H2O may contribute to long-term sorbent instability. As such, unraveling the complex effects of such atmospheric components on the sorbent lifetime as they appear in the environment is a critical step to understanding sorbent deactivation mechanisms and designing more effective sorbents and processes. Here, a poly(ethylenimine) (PEI)/Al2O3 sorbent is assessed over continuous and cyclic dry and humid conditions to determine the effect of the copresence of CO2 and O2 on stability at an intermediate temperature of 70 °C. Thermogravimetric and elemental analyses in combination with in situ horizontal attenuated total reflection infrared (HATR-IR) spectroscopy are performed to measure the extent of deactivation, elemental content, and molecular level changes in the sorbent due to deactivation. The thermal/thermogravimetric analysis results reveal that incorporating CO2 with O2 accelerates sorbent deactivation using these sorbents in dry and humid conditions compared to that using CO2-free air in similar conditions. The in situ HATR-IR spectroscopy results of PEI/Al2O3 sorbent deactivation under a CO2-air environment show the formation of primary amine species in higher quantity (compared to that in conditions without O2 or CO2), which arises due to the C-N bond cleavage at secondary amines due to oxidative degradation. We hypothesize that the formation of bound CO2 species such as carbamic acids catalyzes C-N cleavage reactions in the oxidative degradation pathway by shuttling protons, resulting in a low activation energy barrier for degradation, as probed by metadynamics simulations. In the cyclic experiment after 30 cycles, results show a gradual loss in stability (dry: 29%, humid: 52%) under CO2-containing air (0.04% CO2/21% O2 balance N2). However, the loss in capacity during cyclic studies is significantly less than that during continuous deactivation, as expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoseph
A. Guta
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Juliana Carneiro
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Sichi Li
- Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Giada Innocenti
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Simon H. Pang
- Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | | | - Carsten Sievers
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Wang P, Jiang X, Tan Q, Du S, Shi D. Meal timing of dietary total antioxidant capacity and its association with all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality: the US national health and nutrition examination survey, 1999-2018. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:83. [PMID: 37420213 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01487-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of the meal timing of dietary total antioxidant capacity (DAC) with mortality is unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between the meal timing of DAC and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality in general adult populations. METHODS A total of 56,066 adults who participated in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018 were recruited for this study. Dietary intake (quantity and timing) was evaluated by nonconsecutive 24-h dietary recalls. The main exposure variables were the DAC across three meals (total, breakfast, lunch, and dinner; without coffee) and the difference between dinner and breakfast DAC (Δ = dinner-breakfast; without coffee). The outcomes were all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. The adjusted hazard ratios [aHRs] and 95% confidence intervals [CI] were imputed by Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Among the 56,066 participants, there were 8566 deaths from any cause, including 2196 from CVD and 1984 from cancer causes. Compared to participants in the lowest quintiles of the total DAC, those in the highest quintiles had 34% and 27% decreased risks of all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively (all-cause mortality: aHRs 0.66 [95% CI 0.57-0.76]; CVD mortality: aHRs 0.73 [95% CI 0.57-0.94]). More importantly, participants in the highest quintiles of the dinner DAC, but not those in that of breakfast or lunch, had a 24% decrease in all-cause mortality (aHRs 0.76 [95% CI 0.67-0.87]) compared with those in the lowest quintiles. Inverse associations were further confirmed for Δ DAC (aHRs 0.84 [95% CI 0.74-0.96]). Above associations did not change when including DAC from snacks or tea. Mediation analysis showed that the total associations of total, dinner or Δ DACs with reduced all-cause mortality were 24%, 13% and 6%, respectively, mediated by serum CRP. Additionally, all-cause mortality was decreased by 7% in models replacing 10% breakfast DAC (aHRs 0.93 [95% CI 0.9-0.97]) with an equivalent proportion of dinner DAC. For cancer mortality, no statistical significance was detected in the adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS The findings emphasize the putative beneficial relationship of a diet rich in antioxidants and meal timing on serum CRP and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xuye Jiang
- Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qilong Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Dan Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Research Centre for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Nutrition Innovation Platform-Sichuan and Chongqing, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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9
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Wang P, Zhao S, Hu X, Tan Q, Tan Y, Shi D. Association of dietary total antioxidant capacity and its distribution across three meals with all-cause, cancer, and non-cancer mortality among cancer survivors: the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2018. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1141380. [PMID: 37485382 PMCID: PMC10359731 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1141380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the antioxidant capacity of diet and its distribution across three meals on mortality risk among cancer patients remains unexplored. We aimed to prospectively investigate the association of dietary total antioxidant capacity (DAC) and its distribution across three meals with all-cause, cancer, and noncancer mortality among cancer survivors. We included 5,009 patients with cancer from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 1999 and 2018. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) was estimated using the survey-weighted Cox proportional hazards model. During a median follow-up of 7.9 years, 1811 deaths, including 575 cancer-related deaths, were recorded. Among cancer survivors, compared with participants in the lowest quartile of total DAC from three meals, those in the highest quartile had a 24% decreased risk of noncancer mortality (aHR = 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60-0.92), but not of all-cause and cancer mortality (each p trend >0.1). However, this association became insignificant for total DAC after excluding dinner DAC. In addition, higher dinner DAC rather than breakfast or lunch DAC was associated with a 21% lower risk of all-cause mortality (aHR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65-0.98) and 28% lower risk of noncancer mortality (aHR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.57-0.90). Similar associations were found for ΔDAC (dinner DAC - breakfast DAC) with noncancer mortality (aHR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.38-0.83), but DAC was not associated with cancer mortality (p trend >0.3). Among cancer survivors, total DAC from three meals was associated with reduced noncancer mortality, with the primary effect attributable to increased DAC intake from dinner. Our findings emphasize that DAC consumption from dinner should be advocated to reduce mortality risk in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengnan Zhao
- Department of Nutrition Food and Children’s Health, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qilong Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaoyu Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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He Y, Boone P, Lieber AR, Tong Z, Das P, Hornbostel KM, Wilmer CE, Rosi NL. Implementation of a Core-Shell Design Approach for Constructing MOFs for CO 2 Capture. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:23337-23342. [PMID: 37141279 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption-based capture of CO2 from flue gas and from air requires materials that have a high affinity for CO2 and can resist water molecules that competitively bind to adsorption sites. Here, we present a core-shell metal-organic framework (MOF) design strategy where the core MOF is designed to selectively adsorb CO2, and the shell MOF is designed to block H2O diffusion into the core. To implement and test this strategy, we used the zirconium (Zr)-based UiO MOF platform because of its relative structural rigidity and chemical stability. Previously reported computational screening results were used to select optimal core and shell MOF compositions from a basis set of possible building blocks, and the target core-shell MOFs were prepared. Their compositions and structures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. Multigas (CO2, N2, and H2O) sorption data were collected both for the core-shell MOFs and for the core and shell MOFs individually. These data were compared to determine whether the core-shell MOF architecture improved the CO2 capture performance under humid conditions. The combination of experimental and computational results demonstrated that adding a shell layer with high CO2/H2O diffusion selectivity can significantly reduce the effect of water on CO2 uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Paul Boone
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Austin R Lieber
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Zi Tong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Prasenjit Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Katherine M Hornbostel
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Christopher E Wilmer
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Meyran Avenue, Suite 7057, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Nathaniel L Rosi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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11
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Poręba T, Comboni D, Mezouar M, Garbarino G, Hanfland M. Tracking structural phase transitions via single crystal x-ray diffraction at extreme conditions: advantages of extremely brilliant source. J Phys Condens Matter 2022; 35:054001. [PMID: 36541495 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aca50b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Highly brilliant synchrotron source is indispensable to track pressure-induced phenomena in confined crystalline samples in megabar range. In this article, a number of experimental variables affecting the quality high-pressure single-crystal x-ray diffraction data is discussed. An overview of the recent advancements in x-ray diffraction techniques at extreme conditions, in the frame of European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)- Extremely Bright Source (EBS), is presented. Particularly, ID15b and ID27 beamlines have profited from the source upgrade, allowing for measurements of a few-micron crystals in megabar range. In case of ID27, a whole new beamline has been devised, including installation of double-multilayer mirrors and double crystal monochromator and construction of custom-made experimental stations. Two case studies from ID27 and ID15b are presented. Hypervalent CsI3crystals, studied up to 24 GPa, have shown a series of phase transitions:Pnma → P-3c1→ Pm-3n. First transition leads to formation of orthogonal linear iodine chains made of I3-. Transformation to the cubic phase at around 21.7 GPa leads to equalization of interatomic I-I distances and formation of homoleptic Inm-chains. The second study investigates elastic properties and structure of jadarite, which undergoes isosymmetric phase transition around 16.6 GPa. Despite a few-micron crystal size, twinning and dramatic loss of crystal quality, associated with pressure-induced phase transitions, crystal structures of both compounds have been determined in a straightforward matter, thanks to the recent developments within ESRF-EBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Poręba
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Davide Comboni
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Mohamed Mezouar
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gaston Garbarino
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Michael Hanfland
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
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12
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Comas JM. [The associative approach, a force for progress in a context of Covid-19]. Rev Infirm 2022; 71:31-34. [PMID: 36509478 DOI: 10.1016/j.revinf.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The pioneering national association "TousPartenairesCovid" dedicated to Covid long has the singularity of operating in 2.0 and cultivating transversality. In two years, it has built up an unprecedented database based on online surveys, worked with the French National Authority for Health and regional health agencies, and designed digital tools including the "Covid long" adult, child and adolescent referral algorithm in partnership with the French National Health Insurance Fund. Very early on, it proposed positioning the coordination support systems- territorial support platforms as post-Covid cells. Today, its flexibility allows it to address other issues, such as facilitating the return to work of patients with long-standing Covid, or modeling care in medical deserts through hybridization between healthcare professionals and emerging e-health tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Comas
- 30 rue Marcellin-Berthelot, 19100 Brive-la-Gaillarde, France.
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13
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Warnet S. [Post-Covid Affection, an adapted management is necessary]. Rev Infirm 2022; 71:16-17. [PMID: 36509472 DOI: 10.1016/j.revinf.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Covid-19 is a polymorphic disease, characterized in some patients by persistent symptoms several weeks or even months after the initial manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This is referred to as "long Covid" or post-Covid-19 disease. The polysymptomatic and fluctuating nature of these clinical manifestations generates questions and concerns for patients. To meet their care needs, the regional health agencies have worked with local health care providers to develop appropriate care pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Warnet
- La revue de l'infirmière, Elsevier Masson SAS, 65 rue Camille-Desmoulins, 92442 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France.
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14
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Vera P, Wiesbauer A, Paton S. An Analysis of Noise in Multi-Bit ΣΔ Modulators with Low-Frequency Input Signals. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:7458. [PMID: 36236556 PMCID: PMC9572562 DOI: 10.3390/s22197458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Digital and smart sensors are commonly implemented using multi-bit ΣΔ Modulators. Undesired signals can be present at the ADC input, such as low-frequency signals with medium or high amplitude, as a consequence of mechanical artifacts in the MEMS and/or temporary signal overload. Simulations and measurements of those sensors with such signals show temporary increments of in-band noise power. This paper investigates the factors that produce this transient performance loss. Interestingly, noise increments happen when the modulator is forced to toggle between three adjacent levels and is not correlated with the typical tonal behavior of ΣΔ Modulators. Hence, the sensor performance is sensitive to some specific input patterns even if tonal behavior is decreased by dithering the input of the ADC. Different error sources, such as the mismatch between DAC cells, loop filter linearity error, and quantization error, contribute to the observed noise increments. Our aim is to analyze each of these error sources to understand and quantify in-band noise power increments, and to desensitize the ADC from the undesired input patterns. Some estimation equations are proposed and verified through extensive simulations, by means of deterministic and stochastic methods. These equations are influenced by some modulator parameters and can be used to optimize them in order to reduce such in-band noise power increments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vera
- Electronics Technology Department, Carlos III University, 28903 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Susana Paton
- Electronics Technology Department, Carlos III University, 28903 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Li H, Wines D, Chen B, Yumigeta K, Sayyad YM, Kopaszek J, Yang S, Ataca C, Sargent EH, Tongay S. Abnormal Phase Transition and Band Renormalization of Guanidinium-Based Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:44964-44971. [PMID: 34519195 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted much interest owing to their superior solar conversion performance, environmental stability, and excitonic properties compared to their three-dimensional (3D) counterparts. Among reduced-dimensional perovskites, guanidinium-based perovskites crystallize in layered one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D). Here, our studies demonstrate how the dimensionality of the hybrid perovskite influences the chemical and physical properties under different pressures (i.e., bond distance, angle, vdW distance). Comprehensive studies show that 1D GuaPbI3 does not undergo a phase transition even up to high pressures (∼13 GPa) and its band gap monotonically reduces with pressure. In contrast, 2D Gua2PbI4 exhibits an early phase transition at 5.5 GPa and its band gap follow nonmonotonic pressure response associated with phase transition as well as other bond angle changes. Computational simulations reveal that the phase transition is related to the structural deformation and rotation of PbI6 octahedra in 2D Gua2PbI4 owing to a larger degree of freedom of deformation. The soft lattice allows them to uptake large pressures, which renders structural phase transitions possible. Overall the results offer the first insights into how layered perovskites with different dimensionality respond to structural changes driven by pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Daniel Wines
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Kentaro Yumigeta
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Yasir Mohammed Sayyad
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Jan Kopaszek
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Sui Yang
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Can Ataca
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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16
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Hudnall TW, Reinheimer EW, Dorsey CL. Synthesis, crystal structure determination, and spectroscopic analyses of 1-chloro-2-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-azaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione: an unyielding precursor to a cyclic (alkyl)(amido)carbene. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2021; 77:411-419. [PMID: 34216447 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229621006173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, single-crystal X-ray structure, and 1H and 13C NMR spectrocopic analyses of an unyielding precursor molecule to a cyclic (alkyl)(amido)carbene, 1-chloro-2-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-azaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione, C24H34ClNO2 (1), is reported. Despite the use of several bases, 1 could not be deprotonated to afford the corresponding carbene. The crystal structure of 1 was compared to the crystal structures of two structurally similar HCl adducts of stable carbenes (compounds 4 and 5), which revealed no significant differences in the geometries about the `carbene' C atoms. To better understand the reactivity differences observed for 1 when compared to 4 and 5, modified percent buried volume (%Vbur) calculations were performed. These calculations revealed that the H atom bound to the carbene C atom is the most sterically hindered in compound 1 when compared to 4 and 5 (%Vbur = 84.9, 81.3, and 79.3% for 1, 4, and 5, respectively). Finally, close inspection of the quadrant-specific %Vbur values indicated that the approach of a deprotonating base to the H atom bound to the carbene C atom is significantly blocked in 1 (69.9%) when compared to 4 and 5 (50.4 and 56.5%, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd W Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Eric W Reinheimer
- Rigaku Americas Corporation, 9009 New Trails Dr., The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA
| | - Christopher L Dorsey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
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17
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Abstract
Sectors such as aviation may require low-carbon liquid fuels to dramatically reduce emissions. This analysis characterizes the economic viability of electrofuels, synthesized from CO2 from direct air capture (DAC) and hydrogen from electrolysis of water, powered primarily by solar or wind electricity. This optimization-based techno-economic analysis suggests that using today's technology, hydrocarbon electrofuels would cost upward of $4/liter of gasoline equivalent (lge), potentially falling to $1.7-1.8/lge in the next decade and <$1/lge by 2050. Only in the latter case are electrofuels potentially less costly than using petroleum fuels offset with DAC with sequestration. Achieving low-end electrofuel costs is contingent on substantial reductions in the capital cost of DAC, electrolyzers, and renewable electricity generation. However, the system also requires sufficient operational flexibility to efficiently power this capital-intensive equipment on variable electricity. Such forms of flexibility include various types of storage, supplementary natural gas and grid electricity interconnections (penalized with a steep carbon price), curtailment, and the ability to modestly adjust fuel synthesis and DAC operating levels over time scales of several hours to days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan D Sherwin
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, Stanford University, 367 Panama Street, Stanford California 94305, United States
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18
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Zoccali C, Scoccianti G, Biagini R, Daolio PA, Giardina FL, Campanacci DA. Antibacterial hydrogel coating in joint mega-prosthesis: results of a comparative series. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2021; 31:1647-1655. [PMID: 33547509 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-021-02884-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Joint mega-prosthesis after bone tumors, severe trauma or infection is associated with high rates of post-surgical septic complications. A fast-resorbable antibacterial hydrogel coating (DAC®, Defensive Antibacterial Coating) has previously been shown to be able to significantly reduce surgical site infection in various clinical settings. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the DAC hydrogel coating to prevent early periprosthetic joint infection after joint mega-prosthesis. METHODS In this three-centers, case-control study, 43 patients, treated with an antibacterial hydrogel coated mega-prosthesis for oncological (N = 39) or non-oncological conditions (N = 4), were retrospectively compared with 43 matched controls, treated with mega-implants without the coating. Clinical, laboratory and radiographic examinations were performed to evaluate the occurrence of post-surgical infection, complications and adverse events. RESULTS At a mean follow-up of 2 years, no evidence of infection or adverse events were observed in the DAC-treated group, compared to six cases of post-surgical infection in the control group. CONCLUSION This matched case-control study shows that a fast-resorbable, antibiotic-loaded coating can be safely used to protect joint mega-prosthesis, providing a reduction of early surgical site infections with no side effects. Larger prospective trials with longer follow-ups are warranted to confirm this report. TRIAL REGISTRATION RS1229/19 (Regina Elena National Cancer Institute Experimental Registry Number).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Zoccali
- Oncological Orthopedics Department, IFO - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Guido Scoccianti
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Biagini
- Oncological Orthopedics Department, IFO - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Primo Andrea Daolio
- Oncologic Surgery Centre, Gaetano Pini Orthopedic Institute, Via Quadronno, 25, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Luca Giardina
- Oncologic Surgery Centre, Gaetano Pini Orthopedic Institute, Via Quadronno, 25, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Andrea Campanacci
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
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19
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Latoscha A, Drexler DJ, Witte G, Tschowri N. Assessment of Diadenylate Cyclase and c-di-AMP-phosphodiesterase Activities Using Thin-layer and Ion Exchange Chromatography. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e3870. [PMID: 33732760 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
All living cells use cyclic nucleotides as second messengers for signal sensing and transduction. Cyclic di-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is primarily involved in the control of bacterial and euryarcheal osmoadaptation and is produced by diadenylate cyclases from two molecules of ATP. Specific phosphodiesterases hydrolyze c-di-AMP to the linear phosphoadenylate adenosine 5'-pApA or to AMP. Different methods including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and ion exchange chromatography (IEX) can be used to determine activities of c-di-AMP-synthesizing and degrading enzymes. Here, we describe in detail the TLC and IEX methods adapted for characterization of the diadenylate cyclase DisA and the phosphodiesterase AtaC from Streptomyces venezuelae. TLC allows quick and easy separation of radioactive-labeled substrates and products, while IEX avoids utilization of potentially hazardous radioactive substrates and can be used as a good substitute if an HPLC system is not available. Unlike in TLC assays, samples cannot be analyzed in parallel by using the IEX assay, thus it is more time consuming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Latoscha
- Department of Microbiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Jan Drexler
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Gregor Witte
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Natalia Tschowri
- Department of Microbiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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20
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Abstract
Aim: The methylation and expression levels of USP44 in breast cancer were investigated and their effects on tumor cells were researched. Materials & methods: Bioinformatics was employed to identify the target gene from TCGA database. Sodium bisulfite and decitabine were used for DNA modification and demethylation, and methylation-specific PCR and reverse transcriptase PCR were performed to assess USP44 methylation and expression levels. Tumor cell behaviors were assayed via several in vitro experiments. Results: USP44 was hypermethylated, which caused its poor expression in breast cancer, whereas its overexpression significantly suppressed cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion and induced apoptosis. Conclusion: USP44 negatively functions in cancer progression upon overexpression, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target for clinical treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, PR China
| | - Xiaotang Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation, Shanghai, 200000, PR China
| | - Wen Lei
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350014, PR China
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21
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Aline Dias da P, Nathalia Marins de A, Gabriel Guarany de A, Robson Francisco de S, Cristiane Rodrigues G. The World of Cyclic Dinucleotides in Bacterial Behavior. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102462. [PMID: 32466317 PMCID: PMC7288161 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of multiple bacterial phenotypes was found to depend on different cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) that constitute intracellular signaling second messenger systems. Most notably, c-di-GMP, along with proteins related to its synthesis, sensing, and degradation, was identified as playing a central role in the switching from biofilm to planktonic modes of growth. Recently, this research topic has been under expansion, with the discoveries of new CDNs, novel classes of CDN receptors, and the numerous functions regulated by these molecules. In this review, we comprehensively describe the three main bacterial enzymes involved in the synthesis of c-di-GMP, c-di-AMP, and cGAMP focusing on description of their three-dimensional structures and their structural similarities with other protein families, as well as the essential residues for catalysis. The diversity of CDN receptors is described in detail along with the residues important for the interaction with the ligand. Interestingly, genomic data strongly suggest that there is a tendency for bacterial cells to use both c-di-AMP and c-di-GMP signaling networks simultaneously, raising the question of whether there is crosstalk between different signaling systems. In summary, the large amount of sequence and structural data available allows a broad view of the complexity and the importance of these CDNs in the regulation of different bacterial behaviors. Nevertheless, how cells coordinate the different CDN signaling networks to ensure adaptation to changing environmental conditions is still open for much further exploration.
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22
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Zeng Y, Li P, Shen Z, Cui Y, Xu J. [Design of Intravascular Ultrasound-enhanced Thrombolysis Excitation System Based on FPGA]. Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi 2020; 44:210-215. [PMID: 32621427 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-7104.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An intravascular ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis excitation system with adjustable frequency, amplitude and duty cycle was designed based on FPGA (ZYNQ-7Z020). Firstly, the FPGA generated waveform amplitude binary data based on direct digital frequency synthesis (DDS) technology, and then the data was converted into burst signal through an external daughter card, which included D/A conversion circuit, active low-pass filter, power amplifier circuit and impedance matching circuit. The test results demonstrated that the output waveform reached the target with advantages of simple implementation and flexible control, the peak negative pressure generated from ultrasound transducer was doubled by means of an electrical impedance matching network. In vitro thrombus models were applied to verify the excitation system, it turned out that ultrasound cavitation effect generated could accelerate the penetration of urokinase and increase the thrombolysis rate by about 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zeng
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163
| | - Peiyang Li
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163
| | - Zhitian Shen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163
| | - Yaoyao Cui
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163
| | - Jie Xu
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163
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23
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Povedano I, Bombardi A, Porter DG, Burt M, Green S, Kamenev KV. High-pressure developments for resonant X-ray scattering experiments at I16. J Synchrotron Radiat 2020; 27:351-359. [PMID: 32153273 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519016308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An experimental setup to perform high-pressure resonant X-ray scattering (RXS) experiments at low temperature on I16 at Diamond Light Source is presented. The setup consists of a membrane-driven diamond anvil cell, a panoramic dome and an optical system that allows pressure to be measured in situ using the ruby fluorescence method. The membrane cell, inspired by the Merrill-Bassett design, presents an asymmetric layout in order to operate in a back-scattering geometry, with a panoramic aperture of 100° in the top and a bottom half dedicated to the regulation and measurement of pressure. It is specially designed to be mounted on the cold finger of a 4 K closed-cycle cryostat and actuated at low-temperature by pumping helium into the gas membrane. The main parts of the body are machined from a CuBe alloy (BERYLCO 25) and, when assembled, it presents an approximate height of 20-21 mm and fits into a 57 mm diameter. This system allows different materials to be probed using RXS in a range of temperatures between 30 and 300 K and has been tested up to 20 GPa using anvils with a culet diameter of 500 µm under quasi-cryogenic conditions. Detailed descriptions of different parts of the setup, operation and the developed methodology are provided here, along with some preliminary experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Povedano
- School of Engineering and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
| | - A Bombardi
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 3PU, UK
| | - D G Porter
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 3PU, UK
| | - M Burt
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 3PU, UK
| | - S Green
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 3PU, UK
| | - K V Kamenev
- School of Engineering and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK
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24
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Petralia MC, Mazzon E, Basile MS, Cutuli M, Di Marco R, Scandurra F, Saraceno A, Fagone P, Nicoletti F, Mangano K. Effects of Treatment with the Hypomethylating Agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine in Murine Type II Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12040174. [PMID: 31783688 PMCID: PMC6958460 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has recently attracted much interest on the possible use of epigenetic modulators for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. In particular, we and others have shown that drugs that inhibit DNA methylation, such as azacitidine (AZA) and decitabine (DAC), already used for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, exert powerful beneficial effects in rodent models of type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and Guillain Barrè syndrome. Along this line of research, we have presently studied the effects of DAC in a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis induced by type II collagen and have demonstrated that DAC administration was associated with a significant amelioration of the clinical condition, along with in vivo and ex vivo modification of the immunological profile of the so-treated mice, that exhibited a diminished production of Th1 and Th17 pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduction of anti-type II collagen autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, C.da Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Maria Sofia Basile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.B.); (F.S.); (A.S.); (P.F.); (K.M.)
| | - Marco Cutuli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.C.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Roberto Di Marco
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.C.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Fabiola Scandurra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.B.); (F.S.); (A.S.); (P.F.); (K.M.)
| | - Andrea Saraceno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.B.); (F.S.); (A.S.); (P.F.); (K.M.)
| | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.B.); (F.S.); (A.S.); (P.F.); (K.M.)
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.B.); (F.S.); (A.S.); (P.F.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-478-1270
| | - Katia Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.B.); (F.S.); (A.S.); (P.F.); (K.M.)
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Liu N, Kruger E, Tennant M. Prevalence of disability among the major cities in Australia 2012 with geographical representation of distribution in Western Australia. Health Promot J Austr 2019; 31:121-127. [PMID: 31175674 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED The aim of this study was to use a novel approach to geographically model the relationship between socio-economic disadvantage and prevalence of profound and severe disability. METHOD This study used national census data and the survey of disability, ageing and carers data to geographically model the relationship between socio-economic disadvantage and prevalence of profound and severe disability. RESULT The results in this study show that there were more people living in the least disadvantaged areas (wealthiest) when compared to the most disadvantaged (poorest) areas. Whereas for people with a disability as the relative socio-economic disadvantage of the area increased, the number of people reporting any disability also increased, with the highest number coming from the most disadvantaged areas. The maps show a significant distribution with fewer cases of disability in metropolitan areas and relatively higher number in the rural area along with the higher proportion of people with disability living in the relatively more disadvantaged areas. CONCLUSION Socio-economic profile is one of the key factors influencing the various aspects of health and hence should hold an important place during policy making. Policy should be formulated and implemented to help reduce the inequality by either directly aiming at the most disadvantaged group or by trying to bridge the gap between them. SO WHAT?: This paper provides a geographic visualisation of the distribution of people with profound and severe disability to help identify priority areas with high prevalence of disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Liu
- International Research Collaborative Oral Health and Ecuity, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Estie Kruger
- International Research Collaborative Oral Health and Ecuity, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Marc Tennant
- International Research Collaborative Oral Health and Ecuity, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Gomez Comendador VF, Arnaldo Valdés RM, Villegas Diaz M, Puntero Parla E, Zheng D. Bayesian Network Modelling of ATC Complexity Metrics for Future SESAR Demand and Capacity Balance Solutions. Entropy (Basel) 2019; 21:E379. [PMID: 33267093 DOI: 10.3390/e21040379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Demand & Capacity Management solutions are key SESAR (Single European Sky ATM Research) research projects to adapt future airspace to the expected high air traffic growth in a Trajectory Based Operations (TBO) environment. These solutions rely on processes, methods and metrics regarding the complexity assessment of traffic flows. However, current complexity methodologies and metrics do not properly take into account the impact of trajectories’ uncertainty to the quality of complexity predictions of air traffic demand. This paper proposes the development of several Bayesian network (BN) models to identify the impacts of TBO uncertainties to the quality of the predictions of complexity of air traffic demand for two particular Demand Capacity Balance (DCB) solutions developed by SESAR 2020, i.e., Dynamic Airspace Configuration (DAC) and Flight Centric Air Traffic Control (FCA). In total, seven BN models are elicited covering each concept at different time horizons. The models allow evaluating the influence of the “complexity generators” in the “complexity metrics”. Moreover, when the required level for the uncertainty of complexity is set, the networks allow identifying by how much uncertainty of the input variables should improve.
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Rapuano S, De Vito L, Jendzurski J, Boyer WB, Tilden SJ, Paulter NG. The IEEE TC-10 Standards: Update 2019. Measurement (Lond) 2019; 23rd IMEKO TC4 International Symposium:126-133. [PMID: 38414867 PMCID: PMC10898227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
There is a global need to standardize the terms and the test and computational methods that are used to describe and/or measure the parameters that characterize and define the performance of devices that generate signals and subsequently measure and analyze the waveforms acquired of those signals. This standardization is essential for accurate, reproducible, reliable, and communicable characterization of the performance of these devices, which supports technology and product advancement, product comparison and performance tracking, and device calibration and traceability. Users of the devices need to unambiguously specify the device performance required for particular applications. Manufacturers need to unambiguously state the performance of their devices (e.g., instruments, components, etc.). Metrology facilities need to perform calibrations with well-defined methods to produce reliable data expressed in clear terms. Measurement instruments need to acquire data with well-defined methods and present their results clearly. Technical Committee 10 (TC-10), the Waveform Generation, Measurement, and Analysis Committee of the IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement (I&M) Society, develops documentary standards to address these needs. The TC-10 comprises an international group of electronics engineers, mathematicians, professors and physicists with representatives from national metrology laboratories, national science laboratories, component manufacturers, the test instrumentation industry, academia, and end users. The published standards developed and maintained by the TC10 include: IEEE Std 181-2011, "Standard on Transitions, Pulses, and Related Waveforms;" IEEE Std 1057-2017, "Standard for Digitizing Waveform Recorders;" IEEE Std 1241-2010, "Standard for Terminology and Test Methods for Analog-to-Digital Converters;" IEEE Std 1658-2011, "Standard for Terminology and Test Methods for Digital-to-Analog Converters;" and the IEEE Std 1696-2013, "Standard for Terminology and Test Methods for Circuit Probes." In development is the IEEE Draft Std. P2414 "Draft Standard for Jitter and Phase Noise." The status of these standards are described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rapuano
- Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Luca De Vito
- Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - John Jendzurski
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - William B Boyer
- Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), Albuquerque, NM 87104, (retired)
| | | | - Nicholas G Paulter
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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Capuano N, Logoluso N, Gallazzi E, Drago L, Romanò CL. One-stage exchange with antibacterial hydrogel coated implants provides similar results to two-stage revision, without the coating, for the treatment of peri-prosthetic infection. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2018; 26:3362-7. [PMID: 29549387 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-018-4896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis that a one-stage exchange procedure, performed with an antibiotic-loaded, fast-resorbable hydrogel coating, provides similar infection recurrence rate than a two-stage procedure without the coating, in patients affected by peri-prosthetic joint infection (PJI). METHODS In this two-center case-control, study, 22 patients, treated with a one-stage procedure, using implants coated with an antibiotic-loaded hydrogel [defensive antibacterial coating (DAC)], were compared with 22 retrospective matched controls, treated with a two-stage revision procedure, without the coating. RESULTS At a mean follow-up of 29.3 ± 5.0 months, two patients (9.1%) in the DAC group showed an infection recurrence, compared to three patients (13.6%) in the two-stage group. Clinical scores were similar between groups, while average hospital stay and antibiotic treatment duration were significantly reduced after one-stage, compared to two-stage (18.9 ± 2.9 versus 35.8 ± 3.4 and 23.5 ± 3.3 versus 53.7 ± 5.6 days, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Although in a relatively limited series of patients, our data shows similar infection recurrence rate after one-stage exchange with DAC-coated implants, compared to two-stage revision without coating, with reduced overall hospitalization time and antibiotic treatment duration. These findings warrant further studies in the possible applications of antibacterial coating technologies to treat implant-related infections. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Zagra L, Gallazzi E, Romanò D, Scarponi S, Romanò C. Two-stage cementless hip revision for peri-prosthetic infection with an antibacterial hydrogel coating: results of a comparative series. Int Orthop 2018; 43:111-115. [PMID: 30374639 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-018-4206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that a two-stage exchange procedure, performed with an antibiotic-loaded, fast-resorbable hydrogel coating, may provide better infection cure rate than a two-stage procedure without the coating, in patients affected by peri-prosthetic hip infection. METHODS In this case-control study, 27 patients, treated with a two-stage procedure, using cementless implants coated with an antibiotic-loaded hydrogel (DAC®, "Defensive Antibacterial Coating"), were compared with 27 matched controls, treated with a two-stage cementless revision procedure, without the coating. RESULTS At a mean follow-up of 2.7 (minimum 2.1-maximum 3.5) years, no evidence of infection, implant loosening, or adverse events were observed in the DAC-treated group, compared to four cases of infection recurrence in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Although in a relatively limited series of patients our data show that cementless two-stage hip revision, performed with an antibacterial hydrogel coating, may provide better infection control than two-stage without the coating, with reduced hospitalization time, these findings warrant further studies in the possible applications of antibacterial coating technologies to treat implant-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Zagra
- Hip Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy.
| | - Enrico Gallazzi
- Hip Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Delia Romanò
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery of Osteo-articular Infections, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Scarponi
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery of Osteo-articular Infections, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Romanò
- Centro Medico, Corso Venezia 2, 20121, Milan, Italy
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Schwartzberg E, Barnett-Itzhaki Z, Grotto I, Marom E. Strategies for patient empowerment through the promotion of medicines in Israel: regulatory framework for the pharmaceutical industry. Isr J Health Policy Res 2017; 6:50. [PMID: 28962636 PMCID: PMC5622432 DOI: 10.1186/s13584-017-0175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The correct and rational use of medications can have a positive direct impact on disease outcomes, as well on the utilization of the health system resources. Unfortunately, 50% of the patients do not take their medications as prescribed, largely due to lack of patients’ understanding of their medical condition, as well as the lack of reliable medicine information. There are multiple strategies implemented in many countries to tackle this challenge including: disease awareness campaigns (DAC) to raise the public awareness to specific diseases, direct-to-consumer advertisement (DTCA) to raise the public awareness to prescription medicines, specific treatments and over-the-counter (OTC) products to improve the accessibility of patients to specific medicines. Prior to 2013, the Israeli policy prohibited prescribing medication advertising and prevented the flow of information from pharmaceutical companies to the patient. In the last five years, the Pharmaceutical division in the Israeli Ministry of Health, as part of the “empowering the patient” agenda, has taken new innovative approaches to raise public awareness to diseases, medications and appropriate usage, as well as promotion of information to improve patient adherence to the prescribed medication. This paper elaborates on the aforementioned strategies implemented in developed countries, and specifically focuses on newly implemented strategies and regulations in Israel regarding pre- and post-prescription information, to improve patient appropriate utilization and adherence to medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Schwartzberg
- Pharmaceutical & Enforcement Divisions, Ministry of Health, 39 Yirmiyahu St, Jerusalem, Israel.,Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer sheva, Israel.,Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy, Long Island University, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Zohar Barnett-Itzhaki
- Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel. .,Bioinformatics department, school of life and health science, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Itamar Grotto
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer sheva, Israel.,Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Marom
- Pharmaceutical & Enforcement Divisions, Ministry of Health, 39 Yirmiyahu St, Jerusalem, Israel
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Malizos K, Blauth M, Danita A, Capuano N, Mezzoprete R, Logoluso N, Drago L, Romanò CL. Fast-resorbable antibiotic-loaded hydrogel coating to reduce post-surgical infection after internal osteosynthesis: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Traumatol 2017; 18:159-169. [PMID: 28155060 PMCID: PMC5429256 DOI: 10.1007/s10195-017-0442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection is one of the main reasons for failure of orthopedic implants. Antibacterial coatings may prevent bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, according to various preclinical studies. The aim of the present study is to report the first clinical trial on an antibiotic-loaded fast-resorbable hydrogel coating (Defensive Antibacterial Coating, DAC®) to prevent surgical site infection, in patients undergoing internal osteosynthesis for closed fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this multicenter randomized controlled prospective study, a total of 256 patients in five European orthopedic centers who were scheduled to receive osteosynthesis for a closed fracture, were randomly assigned to receive antibiotic-loaded DAC or to a control group (without coating). Pre- and postoperative assessment of laboratory tests, wound healing, clinical scores and X-rays were performed at fixed time intervals. RESULTS Overall, 253 patients were available with a mean follow-up of 18.1 ± 4.5 months (range 12-30). On average, wound healing, clinical scores, laboratory tests and radiographic findings did not show any significant difference between the two groups. Six surgical site infections (4.6%) were observed in the control group compared to none in the treated group (P < 0.03). No local or systemic side-effects related to the DAC hydrogel product were observed and no detectable interference with bone healing was noted. CONCLUSIONS The use of a fast-resorbable antibiotic-loaded hydrogel implant coating provides a reduced rate of post-surgical site infections after internal osteosynthesis for closed fractures, without any detectable adverse event or side-effects. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostantinos Malizos
- Orthopaedic Surgery and Trauma, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Michael Blauth
- Department for Trauma Surgery, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Adrian Danita
- Department for Trauma Surgery, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicola Capuano
- Department for Orthopaedics, San Luca Hospital, Vallo Della Lucania, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Logoluso
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery of Osteo-articular Infections CRIO Unit, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Drago
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Medical Technical Sciences, Department of Biochemical Sciences for Health, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Luca Romanò
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery of Osteo-articular Infections CRIO Unit, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
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Xu H, Hao S, Zhang J, Chen Z, Wang H, Guan W. The formation and modification of chromatin-like structure of human parvovirus B19 regulate viral genome replication and RNA processing. Virus Res 2017; 232:134-138. [PMID: 28263841 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
B19 virus (B19V) is a single stranded virus in the genus of Erythroparvovirus in the family of Parvoviridae. One of the limiting steps of B19V infection is the replication of viral genome which affected the alternative processing of its RNA. Minute virus of mice (MVM) and adeno-associated virus (AAV) has been reported to form chromatin-like structure within hours after infection of cells. However, the role of chromatin-like structure is unclear. In the present study, we found that B19V formed chromatin-like structure after 12h when B19V infectious clone was co-transfected with pHelper plasmid to HEK293T cells. Interestingly, the inhibitor of DNA methyl-transferase (5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine, DAC) inhibited not only the formation of chromatin-like structure, but also the replication of the viral genomic DNA. More importantly, the splicing of the second intron at splice acceptor sites (A2-1, and A2-2) were reduced and polyadenylation at (pA)p increased when transfected HEK293T cells were treated with DAC. Our results showed that the formation and modification of chromatin-like structure are a new layer to regulate B19V gene expression and RNA processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanzhou Xu
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sujuan Hao
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junmei Zhang
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wuxiang Guan
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Fransolet G, Ehx G, Somja J, Delens L, Hannon M, Muller J, Dubois S, Drion P, Caers J, Humblet-Baron S, Delvenne P, Beguin Y, Conteduca G, Baron F. Azacytidine mitigates experimental sclerodermic chronic graft-versus-host disease. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:53. [PMID: 27377819 PMCID: PMC4932697 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a protective role in the pathogenesis of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). Tregs constitutively express the gene of the transcription factor Foxp3 whose CNS2 region is heavily methylated in conventional CD4(+) T cells (CD4(+)Tconvs) but demethylated in Tregs. METHODS Here, we assessed the impact of azacytidine (AZA) on cGVHD in a well-established murine model of sclerodermic cGVHD (B10.D2 (H-2d) → BALB/cJ (H-2d)). RESULTS The administration of AZA every 48 h from day +10 to day +30 at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg mitigated chronic GVHD. Further, AZA-treated mice exhibited higher blood and thymic Treg frequencies on day +35, as well as higher demethylation levels of the Foxp3 enhancer and the IL-2 promoter in splenocytes at day +52. Interestingly, Tregs from AZA-treated mice expressed more frequently the activation marker CD103 on day +52. AZA-treated mice had also lower counts of CD4(+)Tconvs and CD8(+) T cells from day +21 to day +35 after transplantation, as well as a lower proportion of CD4(+)Tconvs expressing the Ki67 antigen on day +21 demonstrating an anti-proliferating effect of the drug on T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that AZA prevented sclerodermic cGVHD in a well-established murine model of cGVHD. These data might serve as the basis for a pilot study of AZA administration for cGVHD prevention in patients at high risk for cGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Fransolet
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I3, Laboratory of Hematology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Grégory Ehx
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I3, Laboratory of Hematology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Joan Somja
- GIGA-R, Department of Pathology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Loïc Delens
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I3, Laboratory of Hematology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Muriel Hannon
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I3, Laboratory of Hematology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Joséphine Muller
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I3, Laboratory of Hematology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sophie Dubois
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I3, Laboratory of Hematology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Drion
- GIGA-R, Animal care unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jo Caers
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I3, Laboratory of Hematology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Hematology, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Humblet-Baron
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delvenne
- GIGA-R, Department of Pathology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I3, Laboratory of Hematology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Hematology, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Giuseppina Conteduca
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I3, Laboratory of Hematology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Baron
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-I3, Laboratory of Hematology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium. .,Department of Hematology, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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Zhu J, Quan Z, Lin YS, Jiang YB, Wang Z, Zhang J, Jin C, Zhao Y, Liu Z, Brinker CJ, Xu H. Porous ice phases with VI and distorted VII structures constrained in nanoporous silica. Nano Lett 2014; 14:6554-6558. [PMID: 25338300 DOI: 10.1021/nl503165n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High-pressure compression of water contained in nanoporous silica allowed fabrication of novel porous ice phases as a function of pressure. The starting liquid nanoporous H2O transformed to ice VI and VII at 1.7 and 2.5 GPa, respectively, which are 0.6 and 0.4 GPa higher than commonly accepted pressures for bulk H2O. The continuous increase of pressure drives the formation of a tetragonally distorted VII structure with the space group I4mm, rather than a cubic Pn3m phase in bulk ice. The enhanced incompressibility of the tetragonal ice is related to the unique nanoporous configuration, and the distortion ratio c/a gradually increases with increasing pressure. The structural changes and enhanced thermodynamic stability may be interpreted by the two-dimensional distribution of silanol groups on the porous silica surfaces and the associated anisotropic interactions with H2O at the interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Zhu
- National Lab for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100190, China
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REVILL KATE, WANG TIM, LACHENMAYER ANJA, KOJIMA KENSUKE, HARRINGTON ANDREW, LI JINYU, HOSHIDA YUJIN, LLOVET JOSEPM, POWERS SCOTT. Genome-wide methylation analysis and epigenetic unmasking identify tumor suppressor genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2013; 145:1424-35.e1-25. [PMID: 24012984 PMCID: PMC3892430 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes contributes to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To identify clinically relevant tumor suppressor genes silenced by DNA methylation in HCC, we integrated DNA methylation data from human primary HCC samples with data on up-regulation of gene expression after epigenetic unmasking. METHODS We performed genome-wide methylation analysis of 71 human HCC samples using the Illumina HumanBeadchip27K array; data were combined with those from microarray analysis of gene re-expression in 4 liver cancer cell lines after their exposure to reagents that reverse DNA methylation (epigenetic unmasking). RESULTS Based on DNA methylation in primary HCC and gene re-expression in cell lines after epigenetic unmasking, we identified 13 candidate tumor suppressor genes. Subsequent validation led us to focus on functionally characterizing 2 candidates, sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 (SMPD3) and neurofilament, heavy polypeptide (NEFH), which we found to behave as tumor suppressor genes in HCC. Overexpression of SMPD3 and NEFH by stable transfection of inducible constructs into an HCC cell line reduced cell proliferation by 50% and 20%, respectively (SMPD3, P = .003 and NEFH, P = .003). Conversely, knocking down expression of these genes with small hairpin RNA promoted cell invasion and migration in vitro (SMPD3, P = .0001 and NEFH, P = .022), and increased their ability to form tumors after subcutaneous injection or orthotopic transplantation into mice, confirming their role as tumor suppressor genes in HCC. Low levels of SMPD3 were associated with early recurrence of HCC after curative surgery in an independent patient cohort (P = .001; hazard ratio = 3.22; 95% confidence interval: 1.6-6.5 in multivariate analysis). CONCLUSIONS Integrative genomic analysis identified SMPD3 and NEFH as tumor suppressor genes in HCC. We provide evidence that SMPD3 is a potent tumor suppressor gene that could affect tumor aggressiveness; a reduced level of SMPD3 is an independent prognostic factor for early recurrence of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- KATE REVILL
- Cancer Genome Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Woodbury, New York,Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - TIM WANG
- Cancer Genome Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Woodbury, New York,Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - ANJA LACHENMAYER
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Department of General, Visceral, and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - KENSUKE KOJIMA
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - ANDREW HARRINGTON
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - JINYU LI
- Cancer Genome Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Woodbury, New York
| | - YUJIN HOSHIDA
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - JOSEP M. LLOVET
- Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,HCC Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERehd, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain,Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Catalonia, Spain
| | - SCOTT POWERS
- Cancer Genome Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Woodbury, New York
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Chavas LMG, Nagae T, Yamada H, Watanabe N, Yamada Y, Hiraki M, Matsugaki N. New methodologies at PF AR-NW12A: the implementation of high-pressure macromolecular crystallography. J Synchrotron Radiat 2013; 20:838-842. [PMID: 24121324 PMCID: PMC3795540 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049513020797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The macromolecular crystallography (MX) beamline AR-NW12A is evolving from its original design of high-throughput crystallography to a multi-purpose end-station. Among the various options to be implemented, great efforts were made in making available high-pressure MX (HPMX) at the beamline. High-pressure molecular biophysics is a developing field that attracts the interest of a constantly growing scientific community. A plethora of activities can benefit from high pressure, and investigations have been performed on its applicability to study multimeric complex assemblies, compressibility of proteins and their crystals, macromolecules originating from extremophiles, or even the trapping of higher-energy conformers for molecules of biological interest. Recent studies using HPMX showed structural hydrostatic-pressure-induced changes in proteins. The conformational modifications could explain the enzymatic mechanism differences between proteins of the same family, living at different environmental pressures, as well as the initial steps in the pressure-denaturation process that have been attributed to water penetration into the protein interior. To facilitate further HPMX, while allowing access to various individualized set-ups and experiments, the AR-NW12A sample environment has been revisited. Altogether, the newly added implementations will bring a fresh breath of life to AR-NW12A and allow the MX community to experiment in a larger set of fields related to structural biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tadayuki Nagae
- Venture Business Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Watanabe
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamada
- Structural Biology Research Center, PF/IMSS/KEK, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-0801, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hiraki
- Structural Biology Research Center, PF/IMSS/KEK, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-0801, Japan
| | - Naohiro Matsugaki
- Structural Biology Research Center, PF/IMSS/KEK, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-0801, Japan
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Li N, Huang HQ, Zhang GS, Cui W. Effect of 5- AZn-2 '-deoxycytidine on proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 in vitro. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2013; 6:982-5. [PMID: 24144032 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(13)60176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore effect of 5-AZn-2 '-deoxycytidine on proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 in vitro. METHODS Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured by hydroxylamine colorimetric method. Inhibition effect of 5-AZn-2' deoxycytidylic acid at different concentration and different time on growth of A549 cell was determined by MTT assay. Methylene dioxyamphetamine (MDA) was measured by thiobarbituric acid colorimetric method. Effect of 5-AZn-2' deoxycytidylic acid on apoptosis of A549 cell was determined by Hoechst 33258 dyeing detection. RESULTS 5-AZn-2' deoxycytidylic acid had significant inhibition effect on proliferation of A549 cells in vitro, and the inhibition was notably dependent on time and dosage during 48-72 h; SOD level was significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.05, P<0.01), MDA level was significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). A549 cells began to be in apoptosis after using 5-AZn-2'deoxycytidylic acid. CONCLUSIONS 5- AZn-2' deoxycytidylic acid has significant inhibition effect on growth of A549 cell, and can lead the change of lipid peroxidation. It indicates that the mechanism has relationship with A549 cell cycle tissue and induction factor of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Yuan K, Xie K, Fox J, Zeng H, Gao H, Huang C, Wu M. Decreased levels of miR-224 and the passenger strand of miR-221 increase MBD2, suppressing maspin and promoting colorectal tumor growth and metastasis in mice. Gastroenterology 2013; 145:853-64.e9. [PMID: 23770133 PMCID: PMC3783518 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Little is known about functions of microRNA (miR) passenger strands (miR*) or their roles in tumor development or progression. We screened for miRs and miR* with levels that were altered in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and human tumor samples and investigated their targets and effects on cell function and tumor progression in mice. METHODS We performed array-based profile analysis to identify miRs with levels that were increased more than 2-fold in metastatic (SW620) CRC cells compared with nonmetastatic (SW480) cells. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization analyses were used to measure miRNA levels in CRC cell lines and human tumor samples. We used miRNA duplex mimics or inhibitors to increase and decrease levels of miRNA in CRC cells and assessed their activities and ability to form metastatic xenograft tumors in nude mice. RESULTS Levels of miR-221* and miR-224 were reduced in metastatic compared with nonmetastatic CRC cells; levels in human tumor samples correlated inversely with tumor stage and metastasis to lymph nodes as well as patient survival times. SW480 cells transfected with miR-221* or miR-224 inhibitors had increased motility in vitro compared with SW480 control cells and formed larger, more metastatic tumors when injected into mice. SW620 cells transfected with miR-221* or miR-224 mimics had reduced migration and motility in vitro and formed smaller tumors with fewer metastases in mice compared with control SW620 cells. We identified the 3' untranslated region of MBD2 messenger RNA as a target of miR-221* and miR-224. MBD2 silences the gene encoding maspin, a suppressor of metastasis. In CRC cells, we found that miR-221* and miR-224 increase the expression of maspin through MBD2 down-regulation. CONCLUSIONS In metastatic CRC cells, reduced levels of miR-221* and miR-224 increase levels of MBD2, thereby decreasing expression of the metastasis suppressor maspin. Increased activities of miR-221* and miR-224 reduce growth and metastasis of CRC xenograft tumors in mice; these miRs might be developed as therapeutic reagents or biomarkers of CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefei Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9037, USA,The State Key Laboratory for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Ke Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - John Fox
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9037, USA
| | - Huawei Zeng
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Hongwei Gao
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative & Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Canhua Huang
- The State Key Laboratory for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China,Correspondence: Min Wu, , Tel: 701 777-4875, Fax: 701 777-2382; or Canhua Huang, , Tel: +86-13258370346, Fax: +86-28-85164060
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9037, USA,Correspondence: Min Wu, , Tel: 701 777-4875, Fax: 701 777-2382; or Canhua Huang, , Tel: +86-13258370346, Fax: +86-28-85164060
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Coutinho MF, Bourbon M, Prata MJ, Alves S. Sortilin and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Rev Port Cardiol 2013; 32:793-9. [PMID: 23910371 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are a key determinant of the risk of cardiovascular disease, which is why many studies have attempted to elucidate the pathways that regulate its metabolism. Novel latest-generation sequencing techniques have identified a strong association between the 1p13 locus and the risk of cardiovascular disease caused by changes in plasma LDL-C levels. As expected for a complex phenotype, the effects of variation in this locus are only moderate. Even so, knowledge of the association is of major importance, since it has unveiled a new metabolic pathway regulating plasma cholesterol levels. Crucial to this discovery was the work of three independent teams seeking to clarify the biological basis of this association, who succeeded in proving that SORT1, encoding sortilin, was the gene in the 1p13 locus involved in LDL metabolism. SORT1 was the first gene identified as determining plasma LDL levels to be mechanistically evaluated and, although the three teams used different, though appropriate, experimental methods, their results were in some ways contradictory. Here we review all the experiments that led to the identification of the new pathway connecting sortilin with plasma LDL levels and risk of myocardial infarction. The regulatory mechanism underlying this association remains unclear, but its discovery has paved the way for considering previously unsuspected therapeutic targets and approaches.
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Williams CB, Kambhampati S, Fiskus W, Wick J, Dutreix C, Ganguly S, Aljitawi O, Reyes R, Fleming A, Abhyankar S, Bhalla KN, McGuirk JP. Preclinical and phase I results of decitabine in combination with midostaurin (PKC412) for newly diagnosed elderly or relapsed/refractory adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Pharmacotherapy 2013; 33:1341-52. [PMID: 23798029 DOI: 10.1002/phar.1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the preclinical activity, clinical maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and recommended phase II dose of midostaurin (MS) combined either sequentially or concurrently with intravenous decitabine (DAC) in newly diagnosed patients 60 years or older or relapsed/refractory adult patients (18 years or older) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). PATIENTS AND METHODS Cultured and primary AML cells were treated with DAC and/or MS and analyzed by flow cytometry and immunoblot analyses. In the phase I study, 16 patients were enrolled; 8 were newly diagnosed patients 60 years or older and 8 were 18 years or older with relapsed AML. Only 2 of 16 patients (13%) had FLT3-internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations, and no patient had KIT mutations. RESULTS Compared with treatment with either agent alone, sequential treatment with DAC and MS exerted superior anti-AML activity in cultured and primary FLT3-ITD-expressing AML cells. In the subsequent phase I study, the MTD and schedule of administration of the combination was identified as DAC followed by MS. Three patients developed dose-limiting toxicities: two patients developed pulmonary edema requiring mechanical ventilation and one patient developed a prolonged QTc greater than 500 msec. Based on an intent-to-treat analysis, 57% of the patients achieved stable disease or better while enrolled in the trial; 25% had a complete hematologic response. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed results similar to those previously reported for MS. CONCLUSION The in vitro combination of DAC and MS is synergistically active against FLT3-ITD mutations expressing AML cells. In a clinical setting, the combination of sequentially administered DAC followed by MS is possible without significant unexpected toxicity, but the concurrent administration of DAC and MS led to pulmonary toxicity after only a few doses. On the basis of these results, additional studies exploring the sequential combination of untreated AML in elderly patients are warranted to further evaluate this combination at the MTD.
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Chen D, Dong J, Zhang X, Quan P, Liang Y, Hu T, Liu J, Wu X, Zhang Q, Li Y. Suppression of Bragg reflection glitches of a single-crystal diamond anvil cell by a polycapillary half-lens in high-pressure XAFS spectroscopy. J Synchrotron Radiat 2013; 20:243-248. [PMID: 23412480 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049513000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In combination with a single-crystal diamond anvil cell (DAC), a polycapillary half-lens (PHL) re-focusing optics has been used to perform high-pressure extended X-ray absorption fine-structure measurements. It is found that a large divergent X-ray beam induced by the PHL leads the Bragg glitches from single-crystal diamond to be broadened significantly and the intensity of the glitches to be reduced strongly so that most of the DAC glitches are efficiently suppressed. The remaining glitches can be easily removed by rotating the DAC by a few degrees with respect to the X-ray beam. Accurate X-ray absorption fine-structure (XAFS) spectra of polycrystalline Ge powder with a glitch-free energy range from -200 to 800 eV relative to the Ge absorption edge are obtained using this method at high pressures up to 23.7 GPa, demonstrating the capability of PHL optics in eliminating the DAC glitches for high-pressure XAFS experiments. This approach brings new possibilities to perform XAFS measurements using a DAC up to ultrahigh pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Chen
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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