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Gui SH, Wang YM, Fan CY, Han LK, Wang TG, Di MQ, Gu JQ. MiR-424 Inhibits neuronal apoptosis in rats with cerebral infarction through regulating TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:1285-1296. [PMID: 32894933 DOI: 10.23812/20-176-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-424 is an important molecule in cerebral ischemia. However, the precise mechanism of action and biological effects of miR-424 remain to be further explored. miR-424 mimic and miR-424 inhibitor were injected via the caudal vein in rats, and the effect of miR-424 expression on brain tissue damage induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was detected. The miR-424 mimic-induced changes in genomic levels were detected via the gene chip assay, and the signaling pathways regulated by miR-424 and its potential targets were explored combined with target prediction. Then the effect of miR-424 mimic on apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was determined using Annexin V/PI assay. Finally, drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein 7 (Smad7) was overexpressed to further verify the mechanism of action of miR-424 mimic. Compared with that in the sham group, the expression of miR-424 in brain tissues significantly declined in the model group. The results of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay revealed that the miR-424 mimic obviously reduced the cerebral infarction area and apoptosis level of brain tissues, while the miR-424 inhibitor obviously increased the cerebral infarction area and apoptosis level of brain tissues. It was found, using bioinformatics and KEGG enrichment analysis, that differentially expressed genes induced by miR-424 were significantly enriched in the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway. According to the results of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting, the miR-424 mimic could evidently lower the expression of Smad7, thus activating the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Overexpression of Smad7 could weaken the protective effect of miR-424 mimic on ischemic-hypoxic cells. Increasing the expression of miR-424 can inhibit Smad7 to activate the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway, thereby exerting a protective effect against the brain tissue damage induced by MCAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Gui
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University/The Third People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, China
| | - Y M Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University/The Third People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, China
| | - C Y Fan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University/The Third People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, China
| | - L K Han
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University/The Third People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, China
| | - T G Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University/The Third People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, China
| | - M Q Di
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University/The Third People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, China
| | - J Q Gu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University/The Third People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, China
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Özçakar L, Kara M, Chang KV, Tok F, Hung CY, Akkaya N, Wu CH, Çarli AB, Hsiao MY, Tekin L, Wang TG, Ulaşlı AM, Chen WS, De Muynck M. EURO-MUSCULUS/USPRM. Basic scanning protocols for knee. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2015; 51:641-646. [PMID: 26351105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this protocol, the patient/probe positionings, anatomical drawings and ultrasound images of commonly scanned knee structures are described. This practical guide is prepared (with an international consensus of several expert physiatrists) to serve as a uniform/standard approach especially for beginner sonographers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Özçakar
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey -
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Özçakar L, Kara M, Chang KV, Akkaya N, Hung CY, Tok F, Wu CH, Çarli AB, Hsiao MY, Tekin L, Wang TG, Ulaşlı AM, Chen WS, De Muynck M. EURO-MUSCULUS/USPRM. Basic scanning protocols for hip. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2015; 51:635-640. [PMID: 26351107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this protocol, the patient/probe positionings, anatomical drawings and ultrasound images of commonly scanned hip structures are described. This practical guide is prepared (with an international consensus of several expert physiatrists) to serve as a uniform/standard approach especially for beginner sonographers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Özçakar
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey -
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Özçakar L, Kara M, Chang KV, Bayram Çarli A, Hung CY, Tok F, Wu CH, Akkaya N, Hsiao MY, Tekin L, Wang TG, Ulaşlı AM, Chen WS, De Muynck M. EURO-MUSCULUS/USPRM. Basic Scanning Protocols for Ankle and foot. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2015; 51:647-653. [PMID: 26351106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this protocol, the patient/probe positionings, anatomical drawings and ultrasound images of commonly scanned ankle/foot structures are described. This practical guide is prepared (with an international consensus of several expert physiatrists) to serve as a uniform/standard approach especially for beginner sonographers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Özçakar
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey -
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Özçakar L, Kara M, Chang KV, Hung CY, Tekın L, Ulaşlı AM, Wu CH, Tok F, Hsıao MY, Akkaya N, Wang TG, Çarli AB, Chen WS, De Muynck M. EURO-MUSCULUS/USPRM Basic Scanning Protocols for elbow. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2015; 51:485-489. [PMID: 26158916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this protocol, the patient/probe positionings, anatomical drawings and ultrasound images of commonly scanned elbow structures are described. This practical guide is prepared (with an international consensus of several expert physiatrists) to serve as a uniform/standard approach especially for beginner sonographers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Özçakar
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey -
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Özçakar L, Kara M, Wang TG, De Muynck M. EURO-MUSCULUS/USPRM Basic Scanning Protocols: a practical guide for physiatrists. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2015; 51:477-478. [PMID: 26173449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Özçakar
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey -
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Chang KV, Hung CY, Han DS, Chen WS, Wang TG, Chien KL. Corrigendum. Early versus delayed passive range of motion exercise for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Sports Med 2015; 43:NP26. [PMID: 26232461 DOI: 10.1177/0363546515596940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chang KV, Hung CY, Han DS, Chen WS, Wang TG, Chien KL. Early versus delayed passive range of motion exercise for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43(5):1265-1273. (Original DOI: 10.1177/0363546514544698 )
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Özçakar L, Kara M, Chang KV, Tekin L, Hung CY, Ulaülı AM, Wu CH, Tok F, Hsiao MY, Akkaya N, Wang TG, Çarli AB, Chen WS, De Muynck M. EURO-MUSCULUS/USPRM Basic Scanning Protocols for shoulder. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2015; 51:491-496. [PMID: 26158915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this protocol, the patient/probe positionings, anatomical drawings and ultrasound images of commonly scanned shoulder structures are described. This practical guide is prepared (with an international consensus of several expert physiatrists) to serve as a uniform/standard approach especially for beginner sonographers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Özçakar
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey -
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Sun JC, Xu M, Lu JL, Bi YF, Mu YM, Zhao JJ, Liu C, Chen LL, Shi LX, Li Q, Yang T, Yan L, Wan Q, Wu SL, Liu Y, Wang GX, Luo ZJ, Tang XL, Chen G, Huo YN, Gao ZN, Su Q, Ye Z, Wang YM, Qin GJ, Deng HC, Yu XF, Shen FX, Chen L, Zhao LB, Wang TG, Lai SH, Li DH, Wang WQ, Ning G. Associations of depression with impaired glucose regulation, newly diagnosed diabetes and previously diagnosed diabetes in Chinese adults. Diabet Med 2015; 32:935-43. [PMID: 25439630 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the association between depression and impaired glucose regulation, newly diagnosed diabetes and previously diagnosed diabetes in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people, and whether depression was associated with different treatment regimens or durations of diabetes. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed among 229,047 adults living in the community aged ≥ 40 years from 25 centres in China. The self-reported depression rating scale Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) was used to diagnose probable and sub-threshold depression. Glucose metabolism status was determined according to World Health Organization 1999 diagnostic criteria. RESULTS The numbers of participants with normal glucose regulation, impaired glucose regulation, newly diagnosed diabetes and previously diagnosed diabetes were 120,458, 59,512, 24,826 and 24,251, respectively. The prevalence of sub-threshold depression in the total sample of participants was 4.8% (4.8%, 4.8%, 4.4% and 5.6% from normal glucose regulation to previously diagnosed diabetes, respectively), and the prevalence of probable depression was 1.1% (1.1%, 1.0%, 0.9% and 1.8% from normal glucose regulation to previously diagnosed diabetes, respectively). Compared with participants with normal glucose regulation, those with previously diagnosed diabetes had increased odds of probable depression [odds ratio (OR) = 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39-1.87] and sub-threshold depression (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.06-1.24), after adjustment for multiple confounding factors. Newly diagnosed diabetes or impaired glucose regulation was not associated with depression. Among those with previously diagnosed diabetes, insulin treatment was associated with greater odds of depression compared with no treatment or oral anti-diabetic medicine. CONCLUSION Previously diagnosed diabetes, but not newly diagnosed diabetes or impaired glucose regulation, was associated with a higher prevalence of depression. Patients receiving insulin were more likely to have depression than those not receiving treatment or being treated with oral anti-diabetic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Sun
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - M Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J L Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y F Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y M Mu
- People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - J J Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - C Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - L L Chen
- Wuhan Xiehe Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - L X Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, China
| | - Q Li
- The Second Affilliated Hospital of Haerbin Medical University, Haerbin, China
| | - T Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - L Yan
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q Wan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, China
| | - S L Wu
- Xinjiang Kelamayi Peoples Hospital, Kelamayi, China
| | - Y Liu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - G X Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Z J Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - X L Tang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - G Chen
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Y N Huo
- Jiangxi Peoples Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Z N Gao
- Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Q Su
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Ye
- Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y M Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - G J Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - H C Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X F Yu
- Wuhan Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - F X Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The First Provincial Wenzhou Hospital of Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China
| | - L Chen
- Qilu Hospital, University of Shandong School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - L B Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - T G Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - S H Lai
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D H Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, >TX, USA
| | - W Q Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - G Ning
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xu BF, Wang TG, Yuan Y, Cao JF. Unsteady aerodynamic analysis for offshore floating wind turbines under different wind conditions. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2015; 373:rsta.2014.0080. [PMID: 25583859 PMCID: PMC4290409 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2014.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A free-vortex wake (FVW) model is developed in this paper to analyse the unsteady aerodynamic performance of offshore floating wind turbines. A time-marching algorithm of third-order accuracy is applied in the FVW model. Owing to the complex floating platform motions, the blade inflow conditions and the positions of initial points of vortex filaments, which are different from the fixed wind turbine, are modified in the implemented model. A three-dimensional rotational effect model and a dynamic stall model are coupled into the FVW model to improve the aerodynamic performance prediction in the unsteady conditions. The effects of floating platform motions in the simulation model are validated by comparison between calculation and experiment for a small-scale rigid test wind turbine coupled with a floating tension leg platform (TLP). The dynamic inflow effect carried by the FVW method itself is confirmed and the results agree well with the experimental data of a pitching transient on another test turbine. Also, the flapping moment at the blade root in yaw on the same test turbine is calculated and compares well with the experimental data. Then, the aerodynamic performance is simulated in a yawed condition of steady wind and in an unyawed condition of turbulent wind, respectively, for a large-scale wind turbine coupled with the floating TLP motions, demonstrating obvious differences in rotor performance and blade loading from the fixed wind turbine. The non-dimensional magnitudes of loading changes due to the floating platform motions decrease from the blade root to the blade tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Xu
- College of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - T G Wang
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Yuan
- College of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - J F Cao
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Tan ZF, Guo YD, Xu AD, Yang WY, Fu YG, Wang TG. [The statin dosage for achieving goal of cholesterol-lowering based on risk stratification in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular diseases]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2009; 48:280-283. [PMID: 19576114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore statin dosages for targeting goal of LDL-C lowering on the basis of stroke risk stratification and the dosage-effective relation of statin and LDL-C lowering in Chinese patients with ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA). METHODS This is a prospective and open clinical trial patients with ischemic stroke/TIA within 6 months were enrolled and the dosages of atorvastatin were calculated based on risk stratification according to "Chinese Consensus for Prevention of Ischemic Stroke/TIA with Statin" (Chinese Consensus). A dose of 10 mg of atorvastatin daily to target LDL-C goal was taken as the standard dosage targeting goal (SDTG). Patients taking this dosage of atorvastatin constituted a SDTG group. Those who needed a daily dose of 20 mg or more of atorvastatin were randomized into an intensive dosage targeting goal (IDTG) group (atorvastatin 20 - 80 mg/d) and a standard dosage non-targeting goal (SDNTG) group (atorvastatin 10 mg/d without targeting goal). All patients took atorvastatin for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the rate of targeting goal for LDL-C lowering at 2, 4 and 12 weeks, respectively and the secondary outcome was the occurence of recurrent stroke and other vascular events within 12 weeks. The main safety endpoint was serial adverse events including symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. RESULTS Altogether 102 cases were enrolled and 99 cases were followed up for 12 weeks. According to the Chinese Consensus, the rate of high risk, very high risk-I and very high risk-II was 44%, 28% and 28%, respectively. Targeting rate for LDL-C lowering was 77% - 85% at each time point in the SDTG and IDTG groups, being significantly higher than those in the SDNTG group (12% - 16%, P < 0.01). No significant difference was found concerning the occurrence of recurrent stroke, other vascular events and safety endpoints among the three groups. The amplitude of LDL-C lowering was 32% - 35%, 46% - 49%, 51% - 52% and 60% - 65% with corresponding to daily dosage of 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg and 80 mg atorvastatin. CONCLUSIONS At least more than half of the patients after ischemic stroke/TIA need intensive statin therapy to target the LDL-C lowering goal. The dosage-effective relation of atorvastatin and LDL-C lowering in Chinese is similar to the reported data in other races.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Feng Tan
- Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Brain Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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Zhou JB, Wang TG, Huang YB, Mao T, Zhong NN. Seasonal variation and spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric PM10 of Beijing, People's Republic of China. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2005; 74:660-6. [PMID: 16094879 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-005-0634-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J B Zhou
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Geochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Information Technology, University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, People's Republic of China
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Wu JM, Wang TG, Li YQ, Song XW, Liu YY, Yun HR, Zhong ZY, Zhou TH. [Genetic mutations of homocysteine metabolism related enzymes in patients with ischemic stroke]. Yi Chuan 2004; 26:298-302. [PMID: 15640007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
To study genetic mutations of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS) T833C related to homocysteine metabolism in patients with ischemic stroke, the MTHFR gene C677T gene mutation and the CBS T833C gene mutation were detected by PCR-RFLP or ARMS method in 74 patients with ischemic stroke and 83 normal people for control. Results showed that the frequencies of MTHFR T homogenetic type (2.7%) , heterogenetic type (51.4%) and T allele (28.4%) in ischemic group were higher than those in control group (1.2%, 39.8% and 21.1%, respectively). The frequencies of CBS C homogenetic type (13.5%) and C allele (43.9%) in ischemic group were higher than those in control group (6.0% and 38.0%, respectively). Multiple Logistic Regression analysis showed that together with the T allele in MTHFR, the C allele in CBS and age were related to ischemic stroke (P<0.05). The odds ratios (OR) of the T allele in MTHFR C677T and the C allele in CBS T833C were 1.74 (95%CI 1.06-2.86) and 1.73 (95%CI 1.07-2.81) respectively. The study revealed that the genetic mutations of MTHFR C677T, CBS T833C,were related with the ischemic stroke. The genetic mutations of MTHFR C677T and CBS T833C may be genetic factors for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Min Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital Affilated with Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510 630, China.
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Abstract
A novel chemical reactor was designed and developed for the continuous high-rate production of uniform capsules. This reactor helps to control precisely the reaction time between the reacting liquids (anion drops and the cation bath, or vice versa), thereby leading to the formation of uniform capsules with walls of identical thickness. In addition, mild tumbling of the capsules during transit through the reactor ensures that every capsule wall is uniformly thick all around.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Anilkumar
- Center for Microgravity Research and Applications, 1743-B, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.
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Abstract
Biocompatibility is one of the crucial requirements to be fulfilled when designing devices for immunoisolation of transplanted cells. The quality of the capsule surface (smoothness/roughness) influences the nature of cell overgrowth on it by immunocytes, which eventually may lead to the transplant failure. A microcapsule has been developed based on the polyelectrolyte complexation of the polyanions sodium alginate and cellulose sulphate with the polycation poly(methylene-co-guanidine), which was successfully tested in rodent animal models. Recently, the principles for controlling the surface smoothness of these capsules has been identified. This paper reports on a two-step process used for production of stable capsules with improved surface properties. The methodology involves separating the process of drop shape recovery and precursor capsule formation from the process of membrane formation by applying a two-reactor design. The multi-loop reactors are connected in series, and the process separation is given by the different composition of cation solutions flowing in each reactor. This process enables one to prepare the microcapsule immunoisolation device, which can differ in the extent of surface roughness and, thus, is suitable for studying the effect of surface morphology of the immunoisolation device on cell overgrowth. The effect of this process on the capsule permeability has also been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lacík
- Polymer Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Abstract
Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and 2 (HTLV-2) are distinct oncogenic retroviruses that infect several cell types, but display their biologic/pathogenic activity only in T lymphocytes. HTLV-1 is associated with adult T cell leukemia, a malignancy of mature CD4(+) T cells, and a chronic neurological disorder termed HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HTLV-2 is less pathogenic and has been associated with a few cases of a variant of hairy cell leukemia and neurological disease. Previous studies have indicated that in vivo HTLV-1 has a preferential tropism for CD4(+) T cells, whereas HTLV-2 in vivo tropism is less clear, but appears to favor CD8(+) T cells. The molecular mechanism that determines the cellular tropism of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 has not been precisely determined. However, one study by our group has provided evidence that HTLV-1-enhanced viral transcription in CD4(+) T cells may be responsible for its tropism. In an effort to understand HTLV-2 tropism we tested the ability of HTLV-2 to infect, replicate in, and transform purified CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells in cell culture. After cocultures of purified primary human CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells with an HTLV-2-producer cell line we measured viral transcription by reverse transcription PCR analysis, virus production by p19(gag) ELISA, proviral integration by DNA slot-blot analysis, surface phenotype by FACS analysis, and cellular transformation. We also measured HTLV-2 long terminal repeat-directed transcription in the presence and absence of Tax in purified CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, using transient transfection assays. Our data indicate that CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells are equally susceptible to HTLV-2 infection. We observed no significant difference in viral transcription based on mRNA and virus production in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell cocultures. Although LTR transcription was enhanced 12- to 16-fold in the presence of Tax, there was no significant difference in CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells. Interestingly, we show that HTLV-2 preferentially transforms CD8(+) T cells in culture. Together, our data indicate that, unlike HTLV-1, HTLV-2 cell tropism is not due to inhibition of viral infection and inefficient gene expression in CD4(+) versus CD8(+) T cells, and likely involves unique interactions with viral and CD8(+) T cell-specific proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Wang
- Center for Retrovirus Research and Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Li YQ, Zhu JM, Li HJ, Xie WB, Zhou TH, Wang TG. [The function of T7 promoter as cis-acting elements for polymerase II in eukaryotic cell]. Yi Chuan Xue Bao 2000; 27:455-61. [PMID: 10979193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Using the chlorampheniol acetyltransterase gene as reporter, the function of phage T7 promoter in mammalian cells was studied by inhibition of transcription with alpha-amanitin. The experiment proved that the reporter under T7 promoter was transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Competitive electropho retic mobility shift assay (CEMSA) with TATA box, CAAT box, GC box and octamer showed that the TATA box was competitive molecular for synthetic T7 promoter. It is possible that T7 promoter is bound with TF II D transcription factor. The TATA box and octamer were inserted into Pvu II site upstream from the T7 promoter of pT7CAT. Two recombinant plasmids, pT7TATACAT and pT7OCTCAT, were constructed and transfected into CHO cells. CAT-activity test showed that T7 promoter strength was increased by octamer factor, not by TATA box. These results suggested that T7 promoter functions as cis-acting elements of RNA polymerase II transcriptional system in eucaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Wang TG, Gotoh Y, Jennings MH, Rhoads CA, Aw TY. Lipid hydroperoxide-induced apoptosis in human colonic CaCo-2 cells is associated with an early loss of cellular redox balance. FASEB J 2000; 14:1567-76. [PMID: 10928991 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14.11.1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium. Dietary oxidants like peroxidized lipids could perturb cellular redox status and disrupt mucosal turnover. The objective of this study was to delineate the role of lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) -induced redox shifts in intestinal apoptosis using the human colonic CaCo-2 cell. We found that subtoxic concentrations of LOOH increased CaCo-2 cell apoptosis. This LOOH-induced apoptosis was associated with a significant decrease in the ratio of reduced glutathione-to-oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), which preceded DNA fragmentation by 12 to 14 h, suggesting a temporal relationship between the two events. Oxidation of GSH with the thiol oxidant diamide caused significant decreases in cellular GSH and GSH/GSSG at 15 min that correlated with the activation of caspase 3 (60 min) and cleavage of PARP (120 min), confirming a temporal link between induction of cellular redox imbalance and initiation of apoptotic cell death. These kinetic studies further reveal that oxidant-mediated early redox change (within 1 h) was a primary inciting event of the apoptotic cascade. Once initiated, the recovery of redox balance did not prevent the progression of CaCo-2 cell apoptosis to its biological end point at 24 h. Collectively, the study shows that subtoxic levels of LOOH disrupt intestinal redox homeostasis, which contributes to apoptosis. These results provide insights into the mechanism of hydroperoxide-induced mucosal turnover that have important implications for understanding oxidant-mediated genesis of gut pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932, USA
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19
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to delineate the incidence and outcome of dysphagia among hospitalized patients who were referred for rehabilitation because of brainstem stroke. DESIGN We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 36 patients who were admitted because of brainstem stroke. Information on the patients' clinical features, feeding status, and the results of clinical and videofluoroscopic swallowing examinations were obtained through chart review. Follow-up interviews were conducted via telephone to learn the general medical condition and feeding status of the patients 7-43 mo after hospital discharge. RESULTS A total of 81% of the patients had dysphagia at the time of initial clinical swallowing evaluation, which was performed 10-75 days after the onset of stroke. A total of 79% of the dysphagic individuals depended on tube feeding at the initial evaluation; 22% of all individuals could not resume oral intake at discharge. Statistical analyses revealed a significant association between poor outcome and disease involving the medulla, the presence of a wet voice during the initial swallowing test, and a delay or absence of the swallowing reflex. The incidence of aspiration pneumonia was 11%. There was a correlation between the detection of aspiration by modified barium meal videofluoroscopy and the development of aspiration pneumonia. Follow-up interviews showed that 88% of the 27 patients who were contacted had resumed full oral intake 4 mo after the onset of stroke. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of dysphagia was relatively high in our study population. The long-term outcome was favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Meng
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Republic of China
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Chiu CC, Chen CE, Wang TG, Lin MC, Lien IN. Influencing factors and ambulation outcome in patients with dual disabilities of hemiplegia and amputation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000; 81:14-7. [PMID: 10638869 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9993(00)90214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the ambulatory outcome and predictive factors of successful ambulation training in patients with both hemiplegia and lower extremity amputation. DESIGN A retrospective study. SETTING A rehabilitation center of a university hospital. PATIENTS Twenty-three patients with dual disabilities consecutively admitted to the rehabilitation center from 1984 to 1994. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Ambulatory outcome was measured using physical therapists' and physicians' notes at discharge or the last available clinical visit. Ambulation ability was graded as community and noncommunity ambulation, which included indoor ambulation and nonambulation. Several clinical features were reviewed to assess their association with ambulation outcome. RESULTS About two thirds of the 23 patients could be trained to be ambulatory: 10 (43.8%) achieved community ambulation and 5 (21.7%) achieved indoor ambulation. Of the clinical factors, only mental status showed a statistically significant association with good ambulation outcome (p<.05). When odds ratios were considered, several factors, including mild motor involvement, transtibial amputation, amputation before cerebrovascular accident, age younger than 60 years, and the presence of ipsilateral hemiplegia and amputation, showed trends toward association with increased ambulation achievement, although these associations were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Impaired mental status seemed to be the most influential negative predictive factor of achieving community ambulation. If subjects with dual disabilities are properly selected, satisfactory results of ambulation training will be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Chiu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University hospital, Taipei, ROC
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine whether high-resolution sonography can aid in the diagnosis of radiographically occult fractures in the foot and ankle. METHODS High-resolution sonography with a 10-MHz linear-array transducer was performed in 268 patients with foot and ankle injuries whose initial plain x-ray films were negative for fracture. RESULTS Twenty-four patients had occult fractures demonstrated by sonography. On sonography, the occult fractures appeared as a discontinuity of cortex echogenicity. The fractures were found at the calcaneus (n = 8), metatarsus (n = 6), talus (n = 3), navicular bone (n = 3), cuboid bone (n = 2), cuneiform bone (n = 1), and lateral malleolus (n = 1). Review of the patients' radiographs revealed tiny fractures at the sonographically identified locations in 2 patients. The first 5 patients underwent bone scans, which confirmed the presence of the fractures. The first 11 patients received follow-up sonographic examination 6 weeks after diagnosis; in all 11, an echogenic line over the previous fracture site, presumably representing callus formation, was noted. CONCLUSIONS Sonography-a readily available, noninvasive imaging technique-can provide important information about soft tissue injuries and cortical discontinuities in the foot and ankle area. Using this procedure, occult fractures can be identified and delineated, and costly procedures such as MRI can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Wang TG, Wang CL, Hsu TC, Shieh JY, Shau YW, Hsieh FJ. Sonographic evaluation of the posterior cruciate ligament in amputated specimens and normal subjects. J Ultrasound Med 1999; 18:647-653. [PMID: 10478974 DOI: 10.7863/jum.1999.18.9.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to define the sonographic appearance and echogenicity of the normal posterior cruciate ligament. We examined the posterior cruciate ligament of five amputated specimens and five normal subjects using a 10 MHz linear array transducer. One K-wire was inserted into the substance of the posterior cruciate ligament of the amputated knee specimens to verify the location of the ligament on the sonogram. Various angles of insonation were used to examine the echogenicity of the posterior cruciate ligament. The results showed that the in situ posterior cruciate ligament appeared as a hypoechoic band relative to the surrounding tissue on sonograms, but it appeared hyperechoic when it was isolated and immersed in a water bath. The specific spatial orientation of the posterior cruciate ligament and anisotropy phenomenon contributed to the hypoechogenicity of the posterior cruciate ligament in situ on sonogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Republic of China
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Wang CL, Shieh JY, Wang TG, Hsieh FJ. Ultrasonographic assessment of posterior heel pain. J Formos Med Assoc 1999; 98:56-61. [PMID: 10063275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of posterior heel pain, 68 patients with normal plain x-ray findings of the posterior heel underwent ultrasonographic examination with a 10-MHz linear array probe. The findings included Achilles tendinosis (31 patients), retrocalcaneal bursitis (12), superficial Achilles bursitis (7), soft tissue mass (7), Achilles tendon rupture (4), xanthoma (3), tenosynovitis of the flexor hallucis longus tendon (2), and negative findings (2). Sixteen of these patients underwent surgery after ultrasonographic examination. The surgical diagnoses were consistent with the ultrasonographic diagnoses in all cases. With high-resolution ultrasonography, pathologic conditions of the posterior heel can be readily differentiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
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Abstract
The surface morphology of the microcapsule used as a bioartificial pancreas was examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) under ambient conditions in a liquid environment. The standard contact mode was used for imaging. The capsules exhibited different morphologies and surface roughness depending on the composition of the cation solution: namely, the mole ratio of antigelling and gelling cations [Na+]/[Ca2+]. Surface roughness parameters obtained by AFM measurements provide quantitative information on the surface properties of the capsular membrane. In this respect, AFM can be considered a valuable technique complementary to optical microscopy in providing feedback for capsule optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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25
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Abstract
Emotionalism (emotional lability) is a common but distressing phenomenon that occurs frequently in individuals suffering cerebral vascular accidents and other brain diseases. Patients with emotionalism sometimes embarrass their families and themselves, becoming socially disabled despite normal physical function. At its worst, emotionalism interferes with rehabilitation programs, delays progress and sometimes makes these programs impossible. This paper reports the effect of fluoxetine in treating three patients with persistent emotionalism (2 cases following cerebrovascular accidents, 1 case following encephalitis). All 3 patients demonstrated dramatic improvement in emotionalism within 6 days of treatment. The severity, frequency and duration of each episode were reduced greatly. The treatment improved the effectiveness of the rehabilitation program, relieved patient and family embarrassment, and enabled patients to resume rapidly their previous lifestyle patterns. All patients reached the functional goals planned prior to the onset of rehabilitation. We conclude that fluoxetine is highly effective in treating the symptoms of emotionalism in all patients, and allows for recovery of both physical and social function.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Tsai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, R.O.C
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the ventilatory response to hypercapnia and the mouth occlusion pressure measured at 0.1 second following inspiration (P0.1) in hypercapnia between chronic tetraplegic and normal subjects. DESIGN A case-control study with an uneven sample size for the study of clinical disorders. SETTING Patients were recruited from the outpatient clinic of a rehabilitation department. PARTICIPANTS Seven normal men and 9 men with tetraplegia who had cervical cord injuries (C5-C8), with a mean injury duration of 9.7 yrs. INTERVENTIONS Pulmonary function tests were performed during resting, whereas minute ventilation (VE) and P0.1 were measured during CO2 rebreathing. RESULTS The maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), vital capacity (VC), and maximal respiratory muscle strength in the tetraplegic subjects were significantly less than in the normal subjects. Both the ventilatory and P0.1 responses to hypercapnia were significantly reduced in tetraplegic as compared with normal subjects, but the reductions were eliminated by normalizing with maximal ventilatory performance (MVV or VC) and maximal inspiratory muscle strength (PImax), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Chronic tetraplegic persons have diminished ventilatory and P0.1 responses to hypercapnia. Respiratory muscle weakness may be a primary factor contributing to the diminished ventilatory response observed in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lin
- School of Physical Therapy, Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei, ROC
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Abstract
A 28-year-old man with a ruptured right Achilles tendon underwent primary end-to-end suture immediately after injury. Painful swelling developed 6 months later, and a lump with discharge from a sinus was observed during physical assessment. Sonographic examination with a 10-MHz linear-array transducer demonstrated a hypoechoic mass, 8 x 6 mm, within which were 2 markedly echogenic dots. A stitch abscess was strongly suspected and was confirmed surgically.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Hsu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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Abstract
Pigmented villonodular synovitis is a benign proliferative disorder of the synovium that results in villous nodule formation in joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae. We present a case of pigmented villonodular synovitis of the ankle joint that was diagnosed by sonography with color Doppler imaging. The sonograms revealed hypoechoic synovial proliferation, and hypervascularity was visible on color Doppler images. The differential diagnosis of a synovial thickening or mass is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Yang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
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Abstract
Each year several hundred thousand Americans die because of organ failure. Organ transplantations have achieved remarkable success, but the source of human organs is limited. Only a small portion of patients can benefit annually from this method of treatment. Immunoisolated living cells as bioartificial organs can be transplanted into humans without the need for immunosuppression and its accompanying side effects. Immunoisolation allows cells from nonhuman species to be used, thereby overcoming the limited supply of human cells available for encapsulation, and the capsule can serve as an ideal cage to keep animal viruses from contacting the human host. To achieve this promise, we have incorporated the pore size distribution into a new design of capsule for the immunoisolation of living cells. In this model the capsule wall is thicker and the pores are bigger than in the current systems. The larger pores will allow the immune system to enter the membrane, and the smaller pores inside the membrane will act as the traps to prevent or delay most of the immune system from passing all the way through to the inner volume of the capsule where the living cells reside. Limited animal studies have supported the advantages of this new entrapment model over the current model. Systematic studies to determine optimal capsule design for human transplantation are now feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Wang
- Center for Microgravity Research and Applications, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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Abstract
Despite considerable progress in the development of immunoisolation devices, the optimal permeability of such devices is not known. This limitation stems partly from deficits in knowledge about which molecules should be allowed to traverse the semipermeable membrane and which molecules should be excluded, and also partly from experimental obstacles that have prevented a systematic study of permeability. To determine the optimal permeability of immunoisolation devices, we have created a series of microcapsules (800 microM diameter) that span a broad range of molecular exclusion limits yet are identical in wall thickness and chemical composition. Capsule permeability was precisely defined by two complementary methods--size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and a newly developed methodology to assess permeability of biologically relevant proteins. The entry of interleukin-1 beta-125I was significantly delayed, but not prevented, when the capsule exclusion limit was decreased from 230 kD to 3.2 kD, as determined by SEC with dextran standards. The influx of IgG was as predicted, based on the viscosity radius R eta of IgG and the capsule exclusion limit defined by SEC. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by encapsulated pancreatic islets did not differ as capsule permeability was decreased from a molecular exclusion limit of 230 kD to 120 kD. These studies should assist in the design of immunoisolation devices by defining the permeability optimal for cell function and also should be applicable to any cell type or immunoisolation device.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Powers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
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31
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Abstract
A multistep extraction procedure has been tested for purification of natural and semi-synthetic polymers used for fabrication of an immunoisolation barrier for implanting animal cells. This procedure, originally described by Klock et al. for alginates, has been adapted for other gelling polymers to remove pyrogens (endotoxins) and mitogens. Several other steps have also been tested, resulting in a new and simple procedure for polymer purification, giving satisfactory levels of contamination. Endotoxin levels have been quantified by means of chromogenic and gelclot LAL methods. A simple calculation of the endotoxin permissible levels shows that the quality of purified polymers exceeds FDA specifications for implantable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prokop
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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Soloff RS, Wang TG, Dempsey D, Jennings SR, Wolcott RM, Chervenak R. Interleukin 7 induces TCR gene rearrangement in adult marrow-resident murine precursor T cells. Mol Immunol 1997; 34:453-62. [PMID: 9307061 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-5890(97)00051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Rearrangement of the T cell antigen receptor genes is a complex, highly regulated process. To gain a better understanding of the extracellular factors involved in the regulation of TCR beta and gamma gene rearrangement in adult murine bone marrow-resident precursor T cells, several cytokines were tested for their ability to induce gene recombination. A selected population of C58/J bone marrow cells (Thy 1(low), CD3, CD8, B220) that is enriched for pre-T cell activity was propagated in vitro in medium supplemented with IL-3 and mast cell growth factor (MGF, also referred to as stem cell factor, Steele factor and c-kit ligand). These cytokines were required for the maintenance of pre-T cell activity in culture, but had no effect on TCR gene expression. Several additional cytokines were added to the culture medium. Of all those tested, only IL-7 induced complete rearrangement of the TCR gamma locus. Complete rearrangement of the TCR beta locus was not induced under any of the culture conditions analysed here. The bone marrow cells cultured in IL-3, MGF and IL-7 did not begin to express mature T cell proteins and maintained their in vivo progenitor potential. Furthermore, IL-7 cultured bone marrow cells were capable of differentiation in vivo into all phenotypic subpopulations of T cells, without an apparent bias toward the gammadelta lineage. The data presented here suggest that TCR gamma gene rearrangement in adult pre-T cells is regulated by IL-7, but that the TCR beta locus requires additional or alternative signals for the induction of complete rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Soloff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, and The Biomedical Research Institute of Northwest Louisiana, Shreveport, 71130, USA
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Abstract
The posterior tibial tendons (PTTs) of 16 patients with PTT dysfunction and 10 age-matched healthy subjects were examined ultrasonographically, using a 10-MHz linear-array transducer. Normal PTTs appeared hyperechoic (more echogenic) and oval, with an average diameter of 7.8 mm x 3.7 mm at the medial malleolar level. Degenerated PTTs appeared hypoechoic (less echogenic) and swollen (9.8 mm x 5.0 mm). Peritendinitis presented as a hypoechoic rim on the longitudinal sonogram (along the long axis of the tendon) and a "target sign" (hyperechoic central structure with a hypoechoic halo) on the transverse sonogram (at the right angle to the long axis of the tendon). Complete rupture of the PTT revealed an empty tibial groove at the level of the medial malleolus on the transverse sonogram and a wavy fibril pattern over the distal end on the longitudinal sonogram. Compared with the operative findings or the results of the magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography was sensitive and specific in diagnosing tenosynovitis and complete rupture of the PTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Hsu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Republic of China
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Abstract
In the adult mouse, the earliest thymocytes are derived from bone marrow-resident T lymphocyte precursor (pre-T) cells that immigrate to the thymus. There they undergo maturation through a series of developmental steps that include rearrangement and expression of the TCR genes, positive and negative selection, and functional maturation. Although these intrathymic processes have been extensively characterized, little is known about the T cell-specific events that take place in the bone marrow microenvironment. Of particular interest are the events surrounding transcription and rearrangement of the various TCR chains that are required for functional TCR expression. We have previously reported the transcription of incompletely rearranged TCR beta genes in pre-T cell-containing fractions of adult bone marrow. Here we demonstrate that the TCR gamma chain genes are also transcriptionally active in these cells. Like the TCR beta transcripts, TCR gamma transcripts are sterile, originating from unrearranged gamma loci. Interestingly, both RAG-1 and RAG-2 transcripts were also detected in this cell fraction, suggesting that sterile TCR transcription might be dependent upon the presence of a functional recombinase system. However, both C beta and C gamma sterile transcripts could be detected from the same bone marrow cell population isolated from RAG-1 gene deficient mice. Therefore, the expression of TCR genes can initiate at the earliest stages of T cell development, prior to exposure to the thymic microenvironment, and a functional recombinase system is not required for the production of these sterile TCR transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport 71130-3932, USA
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Liang HW, Wang YH, Wang TG, Tang FT, Lai JS, Lien IN. Clinical experience in rehabilitation of spinal cord injury associated with schizophrenia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996; 77:283-6. [PMID: 8600873 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9993(96)90113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the clinical features and rehabilitation outcomes in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients with preexisting schizophrenia. DESIGN A retrospective study conducted by reviewing the charts of all patients diagnosed with both SCI and schizophrenia hospitalized from 1987 throughout 1994 in 2 rehabilitation units. SETTING Rehabilitation wards of two hospitals in Taiwan. PATIENTS Seventeen traumatic SCI patients with schizophrenia, including 7 men and 10 women. Patients without neurological deficits were excluded. INTERVENTION All subjects received psychiatric intervention and intensive rehabilitation programs during hospitalization. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The injury pattern and psychiatric condition were described. Abilities of locomotion, management of activities of daily living, and bladder control were measured. RESULTS Fifteen injuries caused by a voluntary fall subsequently resulted in thoracolumbar insult. Ten incomplete paraplegics were able to ambulate with or without a device on discharge. Four subjects had poor bladder control. The outcome of self-care skills was worse in those with high level injury. Psychiatric symptoms were one of the main obstacles during rehabilitation. CONCLUSION Voluntary fall that caused thoracolumbar injuries was the main cause of injuries in these patients. Psychiatric symptoms were present in the majority and might hinder the prognosis of treatment. Nevertheless rehabilitation programs were found to benefit subjects after their psychiatric problems were under control.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Liang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Soloff RS, Wang TG, Lybarger L, Dempsey D, Chervenak R. Transcription of the TCR-beta locus initiates in adult murine bone marrow. The Journal of Immunology 1995. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.154.8.3888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Successful expression of the TCR beta-chain gene is a multistep process that involves: 1) initial transcription of multiple, unrearranged gene segments, 2) rearrangement of V, D, and J gene segments to form a complete beta-chain gene, and 3) transcription of the fully rearranged beta gene. All of these events have been shown to occur in the thymus, where the majority of T cell development takes place; however, the extent to which any of these events may occur prethymically has not been established. To examine prethymic TCR-beta gene expression, RNA was isolated from a precursor T cell-enriched population (Thy 1low CD3-) of C58/J mouse bone marrow, and analyzed by reverse transcriptase-PCR. A transcript containing TCR-beta constant (C) region sequences but not variable (V) region sequences was amplified, suggesting that an unrearranged TCR-beta gene locus is transcriptionally active in this bone marrow population. The same product was detected in Thy 1+ CD3- bone marrow cells from nude mice, indicating that the thymic microenvironment is not necessary for initiation of TCR-beta gene transcription. This C beta transcript is not confined to pre-B cells, as it was identified in RNA isolated from Thy 1low CD3- B220- bone marrow cells. Germline V beta transcripts were also detected in RNA from this bone marrow population. Furthermore, Sca-1+ Lin- and Sca-1+ Lin+ bone marrow populations from both C58/J mice and nude mice also expressed the C beta transcript. DNA-PCR analyses with D beta-J beta primer sets revealed that partial rearrangement of the beta locus had occurred in all bone marrow populations analyzed. These data suggest that both transcription and partial rearrangement of the TCR-beta locus can initiate in bone marrow cells of adult mice, before exposure of these cells to the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Soloff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport 71130, USA
| | - T G Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport 71130, USA
| | - L Lybarger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport 71130, USA
| | - D Dempsey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport 71130, USA
| | - R Chervenak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport 71130, USA
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Soloff RS, Wang TG, Lybarger L, Dempsey D, Chervenak R. Transcription of the TCR-beta locus initiates in adult murine bone marrow. J Immunol 1995; 154:3888-901. [PMID: 7706728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Successful expression of the TCR beta-chain gene is a multistep process that involves: 1) initial transcription of multiple, unrearranged gene segments, 2) rearrangement of V, D, and J gene segments to form a complete beta-chain gene, and 3) transcription of the fully rearranged beta gene. All of these events have been shown to occur in the thymus, where the majority of T cell development takes place; however, the extent to which any of these events may occur prethymically has not been established. To examine prethymic TCR-beta gene expression, RNA was isolated from a precursor T cell-enriched population (Thy 1low CD3-) of C58/J mouse bone marrow, and analyzed by reverse transcriptase-PCR. A transcript containing TCR-beta constant (C) region sequences but not variable (V) region sequences was amplified, suggesting that an unrearranged TCR-beta gene locus is transcriptionally active in this bone marrow population. The same product was detected in Thy 1+ CD3- bone marrow cells from nude mice, indicating that the thymic microenvironment is not necessary for initiation of TCR-beta gene transcription. This C beta transcript is not confined to pre-B cells, as it was identified in RNA isolated from Thy 1low CD3- B220- bone marrow cells. Germline V beta transcripts were also detected in RNA from this bone marrow population. Furthermore, Sca-1+ Lin- and Sca-1+ Lin+ bone marrow populations from both C58/J mice and nude mice also expressed the C beta transcript. DNA-PCR analyses with D beta-J beta primer sets revealed that partial rearrangement of the beta locus had occurred in all bone marrow populations analyzed. These data suggest that both transcription and partial rearrangement of the TCR-beta locus can initiate in bone marrow cells of adult mice, before exposure of these cells to the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Soloff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport 71130, USA
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Abstract
Ten individuals with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and chronic ventilatory insufficiency were trained in the use of assisted coughing techniques and received intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) via oral and/or nasal interfaces for a mean of 5.3 (range = 1 to 17) years. During this time they had significantly fewer respiratory complications than before introduction of noninvasive respiratory muscle aids despite the fact that 6 of the 10 went on to require more than 20 hours per day of ventilator use with less than 2 hours of ventilator-free breathing time (VFBT). All except two noninvasive IPPV users had vital capacities (VCs) less than 13% of predicted normal. They could, however, communicate verbally and take nutrition by mouth. All of the patients remained in the community. Five patients were gainfully employed and four were in school. We conclude that noninvasive respiratory muscle aids including noninvasive IPPV and assisted coughing techniques are effective and practical alternatives to tracheostomy for SMA patients with ventilatory failure but functional bulbar musculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Bach
- UMD-New Jersey Medical School, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, West Orange, USA
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Chen HS, Wang TG, Chang YC, Yang YC, Shieh HR, Laiand JS, Lien IN. [Barium-pudding: a new medium for videofluoroscopic examination]. J Formos Med Assoc 1994; 93 Suppl 3:S156-60. [PMID: 7606174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of swallowing function is crucial in the management of dysphagic patients. It includes clinical assessment and laboratory tests that consist of fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing (FEES) and videofluoroscopic examination. The "modified barium swallow" has been regarded as the standard procedure of videofluoroscopic examination since its introduction in 1983. The technique enables the entire process of deglutition to be observed with the benefits of safety, easily performance, and information. However, pitfalls developed in patients with pseudobulbar paralysis. Discrepancy always occurs between barium meals and real food and the refusal of swallow and misswallowing to the airway in videofluoroscopic examination sometimes occurs because of the unsatisfactory taste of barium meal. All these things make the procedure impractical and inaccurate. We developed a barium sulfate pudding that is better tasting, similar to real food as a pudding, is adequate to visualise on videofluoroscopic examination, and has the ability to represent the patient's capacity to swallow solid food. We present a case of hypoxic encephalopathy where the patient was considered to be in danger of aspiration when swallowing any consistency of foods. Barium-pudding study showed the patient had the ability to eat solid food with safety. We removed her nasogastric tube following barium-pudding assessment and successfully restored her oral feeding function within 2 weeks. Barium-Pudding is a better medium of videofluoroscopic examination by which to evaluate the swallowing function of solid food than Barium paste in patient, who have disturbed swallowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, R.O.C
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Wang TG, Lin KH, Lien IN. [General introduction to the clinical application of non-invasive respiratory aids]. J Formos Med Assoc 1994; 93 Suppl 3:S131-41. [PMID: 7606171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent positive pressure ventilation via tracheostomy has been the most common method of providing ventilatory support for patients with respiratory failure since the late 1950s. It is the standard procedure for individuals who suffer from acute respiratory failure, impaired consciousness, and severe restrictive lung disease. However, numerous adverse complications from these invasive techniques have been reported in those who are long-term ventilator users. This paper describes the evolution and current application of non-invasive respiratory aids in both acute and long-term settings. The respiratory function can be aided by applying forces to the body or intermittent pressure to the air ways. The devices are negative pressure body ventilators which act on the body by creating negative pressure around the thorax and abdomen such devices effectively maintain the ventilation of individuals with respiratory failure, but have the shortcomings of bulkiness, high expense, and limitation on the users' activities. The non-invasive positive pressure ventilator applies intermittent pressure directly to the airway by a non-invasive interface; namely mouthpiece, nasal, or face masks. In this way, it can prevent patients from requiring either tracheostomy or endotracheal tube, but is not effective enough to ventilate patients with markedly decreased lung compliance because the high airway resistance provides air leakage from the non-invasive interface. Non-invasive respiratory aids should be the first choice to maintain ventilation for patients with respiratory failure secondary to neuromuscular disorder, because of their benefits of easy application, satisfactory results, fewer complications and early active rehabilitation. Increased understanding of non-invasive respiratory aids should assist in the management of patients with chronic respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, R.O.C
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41
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Wang TG, Hsu TC, Wang YH, Lai JS, Lien IN. [Clinical application of the ice water test in evaluation of neurogenic bladder dysfunction]. J Formos Med Assoc 1994; 93 Suppl 2:S115-9. [PMID: 7719164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ice water test (IWT) and cystometrography (CMG) were performed on 51 in patients with spinal cord injuries (SCI) to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the IWT in detecting detrusor reflex. A three-step grading system as established by Balmaseda et al was applied to determine the presence of detrusor activity on IWT. The test was considered 3+ when the catheter was expelled from the bladder within one minute following instillation of 90 mL of ice water; a 2+ test indicated voiding around the catheter after instillation of 90 mL of ice water; and a 1+ IWT was defined as voiding around the catheter or expelling the catheter after instilling another 210 mL of ice water into the bladder. The results showed that the sensitivity of IWT in detecting the presence of detrusor reflex in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction was 96% and the specificity was 79%. Among the four patients having false positive IWT, three of them were diagnosed with poor-compliance bladders. One patient with false negative IWT was found to have severe detrusor-sphincter dyssynergy. There was a significant difference in the strength of detrusor activity among the patients with 3+ IWT, with 2+ IWT, and with 1+ IWT. IWT is a useful technique to predict the existence of detrusor reflex in SCI patients. Its use as a supplement method to cystometrogram could be helpful in the bedside evaluation of patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, R.O.C
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Abstract
Six ventilator-assisted individuals (VAIs) with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) are described. All six survived by using intermittent positive pressure ventilation via an indwelling tracheostomy for a mean of 11.7 +/- 17.7 yr despite frequent episodes of mucus plugging and pneumonia. Four of the VAIs also received all nutrition via indwelling gastrostomy tubes because of severe bulbar muscle weakness. Four VAIs used tracheostomy intermittent positive pressure ventilation with their tracheostomy cuffs deflated and could communicate verbally. Five of the six VAIs remained institutionalized from the onset of ventilatory use. Two SMA VAIs survived for 15 and 4 yr, respectively, despite need for ventilatory support since early infancy. All four SMA VAIs who could communicate remained socially active and one, gainfully employed. We conclude that for patients with advanced SMA markedly prolonged survival is possible with ventilatory assistance despite severe respiratory and bulbar muscle dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UMD-New Jersey Medical School, Newark
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Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta, a rare connective tissue disorder, is known to be associated sometimes with the invagination of the basilar skull. This deformity may disturb respiratory function secondary to brain stem compression and hydrocephalus. In addition, the deformed thoracic cage and fragile ribs make pulmonary care more complicated. A case of 24-year-old man is presented with brain stem compression syndrome secondary to osteogenesis imperfecta congenita with basilar impression. He developed respiratory failure and became tracheostomy positive-pressure ventilator dependent at the age of 21 years. He also suffered multiple skeletal abnormalities and mental retardation, and following the brain stem compression, severe quadriparesis. The patient's condition is stable since he has been using the ventilator and he is currently living in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UMD-New Jersey Medical School
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine longitudinal changes in nocturnal blood gas tensions in individuals with stable traumatic tetraplegia. Ten individuals initially evaluated at least 6 months postinjury were reevaluated 5 years later. When initially evaluated, all the patients had normal daytime blood gases. Six (60%), however, had nocturnal oxyhemoglobin desaturations (dSATs) below 90%, 3 (30%) had mean nocturnal oxyhemoglobin saturation (SAT) below 90% for 10% or more of at least 1 hour, and 4 had maximum end-tidal carbon dioxide tensions (EtCO2) greater than 45mmHg. At 5-year follow-up evaluation, then a mean of 11.6 +/- 5.7 years postinjury, the vital capacities (VCs) of these individuals had improved significantly by a mean of 1242 +/- 545mL without treatment, and daytime blood gases were still normal for 9 out of 10 patients. Five of the individuals (50%), however, had an increased number of transient nocturnal dSATs and 8 of 9 (88%) re-studied by capnography were hypercapnic. We conclude that nocturnal dSAT and hypercapnia appear to be common in tetraplegia and may increase as the patient ages, despite significant increases in VC. Oximetry and capnography are useful in diagnosing nocturnal dSAT and in monitoring treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Bach
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UMD-New Jersey Medical School, West Orange
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45
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Wang TG. [Cancer prevention]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 1994; 28:70-1. [PMID: 7924648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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46
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Abstract
Replantation of right hindlimbs in 76 immature rats was performed to study the factors affecting longitudinal growth of replanted extremities. There was a significant difference in tibia length between the replanted limb and the contralateral normal limb. The difference was significantly influenced by the ischemic interval (2 vs 4 hours), but not by suture method (intact vessels, vascular anastomosis with 10-0 nylon or 11-0 nylon). The replantation of immature extremities should be promptly undertaken because of the vulnerability of the epiphysis to ischemic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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47
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Wang TG. [Achievement, development and problems in the practice of public health in China]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 1989; 23:257-60. [PMID: 2696625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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48
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Zhang CY, Wang TG. [A case-control study of endometrial cancer in Beijing]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 1989; 10:235-7. [PMID: 2805053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A case-control study was conducted among 150 woman suffered from endometrial cancer (EC) in Beijing from 1982.1.1-1985.12.31 and matched with two controls from the neighbourhood to explore the risk factors for EC. The data were analysed with X2 test and Linear Logistic Regression. Result of the study are listed. The risk factors directly related to EC might be obesity, nulliparity and low parity, early menarche, liver diseases. The risk factors indirectly related to EC might be irregular menstruation, premenstrual tension, dysfunctional uterine bleeding. The oral combined contraceptives showed a protective effect on EC. The results of the study support the EC etiology hypothesis of 'unopposed action of estrogen'.
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You WC, Blot WJ, Chang YS, Ershow A, Yang ZT, An Q, Henderson BE, Fraumeni JF, Wang TG. Allium vegetables and reduced risk of stomach cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989; 81:162-4. [PMID: 2909758 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/81.2.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interviews with 564 patients with stomach cancer and 1,131 controls in an area of China where gastric cancer rates are high revealed a significant reduction in gastric cancer risk with increasing consumption of allium vegetables. Persons in the highest quartile of intake experienced only 40% of the risk of those in the lowest. Protective effects were seen for garlic, onions, and other allium foods. Although additional research is needed before etiologic inferences can be made, the findings are consistent with recent reports of tumor inhibition following administration of allium compounds in experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C You
- Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, People's Republic of China
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50
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You WC, Blot WJ, Chang YS, Ershow AG, Yang ZT, An Q, Henderson B, Xu GW, Fraumeni JF, Wang TG. Diet and high risk of stomach cancer in Shandong, China. Cancer Res 1988; 48:3518-23. [PMID: 3370645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A case-control investigation involving interviews with 564 stomach cancer patients and 1131 population-based controls was conducted to evaluate reasons for the exceptionally high rates of stomach cancer in Linqu, a rural county in Shandong Province in northeast China. Daily consumption of sour pancakes, a fermented indigenous staple, was associated with a 30% increase in risk. Risks of stomach cancer were also increased by 2- to 3-fold among persons with prior chronic gastritis or gastric ulcer, by 80% among those with stomach cancer in a family member, by 50% among men who smoked one or more packs of cigarettes/day, by 40% among those who preferred salty foods, and by 50% among families with moldy grain supplies. In contrast, risks tended to decrease in proportion to increasing consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits. This protective effect was more pronounced for vegetables, with those in the highest quartile of intake at less than one-half the risk of those in the lowest. Stomach cancer risks also declined with increasing dietary intake of carotene, vitamin C, and calcium, but not retinol. These findings provide leads to dietary factors that contribute to the high rates in Linqu, where stomach cancer is the leading cause of cancer and has not yet begun to decline as in other parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C You
- Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, People's Republic of China
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