1
|
Choi S, Liu C, Seo DH, Im SW, Kim RM, Jo J, Kim JW, Park GS, Kim M, Brinck T, Nam KT. Kink-Controlled Gold Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Glucose Oxidation. Nano Lett 2024; 24:4528-4536. [PMID: 38573311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Enzymes in nature efficiently catalyze chiral organic molecules by elaborately tuning the geometrical arrangement of atoms in the active site. However, enantioselective oxidation of organic molecules by heterogeneous electrocatalysts is challenging because of the difficulty in controlling the asymmetric structures of the active sites on the electrodes. Here, we show that the distribution of chiral kink atoms on high-index facets can be precisely manipulated even on single gold nanoparticles; and this enabled stereoselective oxidation of hydroxyl groups on various sugar molecules. We characterized the crystallographic orientation and the density of kink atoms and investigated their specific interactions with the glucose molecule due to the geometrical structure and surface electrostatic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungwoo Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Soft Foundry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, CBH, KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
- Stockholm University, Chemical Physics, Albanova University Center, Stockholm SE-10690, Sweden
| | - Da Hye Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Im
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Soft Foundry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeong Myeong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyeon Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Su Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Soft Foundry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Next-Generation Semiconductor Convergence Technology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tore Brinck
- Department of Chemistry, CBH, KTH Royal Institute of Technology; Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Soft Foundry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Altundas B, Marrazzo JPR, Brinck T, Absil C, Fleming FF. Interrupted S NAr-Alkylation Dearomatization. JACS Au 2024; 4:1118-1124. [PMID: 38559710 PMCID: PMC10976598 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Dearomatizations provide powerful synthetic routes to rapidly assemble substituted carbocycles and heterocycles found in a plethora of bioactive molecules. Harnessing the advantages of dearomatization typically requires vigorous reagents because of the difficulty in disrupting the stable aromatic core. A relatively mild dearomatization strategy is described that employs lithiated nitriles or isocyanides in a simple SNAr-type addition to form σ-complexes that are trapped by alkylation. The dearomatizations are diastereoselective and efficient and rapidly install two new carbon-carbon bonds, one of which is a quaternary center, as well as nitrile, isocyanide, and cyclohexadiene functionalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Altundas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champagne, 505 South Mathews Avenue Urbana, Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - John-Paul R. Marrazzo
- Drexel
University, Department of Chemistry, 3041 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Tore Brinck
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Teknikringen 42, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
| | - Christopher Absil
- Temple
University, Department of Chemistry, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Fraser F. Fleming
- Drexel
University, Department of Chemistry, 3041 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brinck T, Sahoo SK. Anomalous π-backbonding in complexes between B(SiR 3) 3 and N 2: catalytic activation and breaking of scaling relations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:21006-21019. [PMID: 37519222 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Chemical transformations of molecular nitrogen (N2), including the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), are difficult to catalyze because of the weak Lewis basicity of N2. In this study, it is shown that Lewis acids of the types B(SiR3)3 and B(GeR3)3 bind N2 and CO with anomalously short and strong B-N or B-C bonds. B(SiH3)3·N2 has a B-N bond length of 1.48 Å and a complexation enthalpy of -15.9 kcal mol-1 at the M06-2X/jun-cc-pVTZ level. The selective binding enhancement of N2 and CO is due to π-backbonding from Lewis acid to Lewis base, as demonstrated by orbital analysis and density difference plots. The π-backbonding is found to be a consequence of constructive orbital interactions between the diffuse and highly polarizable B-Si and B-Ge bond regions and the π and π* orbitals of N2. This interaction is strengthened by electron donating substituents on Si or Ge. The π-backbonding interaction is predicted to activate N2 for chemical transformation and reduction, as it decreases the electron density and increases the length of the N-N bond. The binding of N2 and CO by the B(SiR3)3 and B(GeR3)3 types of Lewis acids also has a strong σ-bonding contribution. The relatively high σ-bond strength is connected to the highly positive surface electrostatic potential [VS(r)] above the B atom in the tetragonal binding conformation, but the σ-bonding also has a significant coordinate covalent (dative) contribution. Electron withdrawing substituents increase the potential and the σ-bond strength, but favor the binding of regular Lewis acids, such as NH3 and F-, more strongly than binding of N2 and CO. Molecules of the types B(SiR3)3 and B(GeR3)3 are chemically labile and difficult to synthesize. Heterogenous catalysts with the wanted B(Si-)3 or B(Ge-)3 bonding motif may be prepared by boron doping of nanostructured silicon or germanium compounds. B-doped and hydrogenated silicene is found to have promising properties as catalyst for the electrochemical NRR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tore Brinck
- Department of Chemistry, CBH, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Suman Kalyan Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, CBH, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brinck T, Heinänen M, Handolin L, Söderlund T. Trauma-registry survival outcome follow up: 30 days is mandatory and appears sufficient. Injury 2021; 52:142-146. [PMID: 33208272 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thirty-day in-hospital mortality is a common outcome measure in trauma-registry research and benchmarking. However, this does not include deaths after hospital discharge before 30 days or late deaths beyond 30 days since the injury. To evaluate the reliability of this outcome measure, we assessed the timing and causes of death during the first year after major blunt trauma in patients treated at a single tertiary trauma center. METHODS We used the Helsinki Trauma Registry to identify severely injured (NISS ≥ 16) blunt trauma patients during 2006 to 2015. The Population Register center of Finland provided the mortality data for patients and Statistics Finland provided the cause of death information from death certificates. Disease, work-related disease, medical treatment, and unknown cause of death were considered as non-trauma related deaths. We divided the 1-year study period into the following three categories: in-hospital death before 30 days (Group 1), death after discharge but within 30 days (Group 2), and death 31 to 365 days since admission (Group 3). RESULTS We included 3557 patients with a median NISS of 29. Altogether, 21.8% (776/3557) patients died during the first year since the injury. Of these non-survivors, 12.7% (450) were in Group 1, 4.0% (141) in Group 2, and 5.2% (185) in Group 3. Non-traumatic deaths not directly related to the injury increased substantially as the time from the injury increased and were 2.0% (9/450) in Group 1, 13.5% (19/141) in Group 2, and 35.7% (66/185) in Group 3. CONCLUSION Thirty-day mortality is a proper outcome that measures survival after severe blunt trauma. However, applying only in-hospital mortality instead of actual 30-day mortality may exclude non-survivors who die at another facility before day 30. This could result in over-optimistic benchmarking results. On the other hand, extending the follow-up period beyond 30 days increases the rate of non-traumatic deaths. By combining data from different registries, it is possible to address this challenge in current trauma-registry research caused by lack of follow up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Brinck
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Trauma Unit, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Topeliuksenkatu 5, PB 266, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - M Heinänen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Trauma Unit, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Topeliuksenkatu 5, PB 266, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Handolin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Trauma Unit, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Topeliuksenkatu 5, PB 266, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Söderlund
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Trauma Unit, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Topeliuksenkatu 5, PB 266, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yaempongsa D, Brinck A, Brinck T. Improving the Stability of Trinitramide by Chemical Substitution: N(NF
2
)
3
has Higher Stability and Excellent Propulsion Performance. Prop , Explos , Pyrotech 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhebbajaj Yaempongsa
- Applied Physical Chemistry Department of Chemistry KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm SE-100 44 Sweden
- Present address: Directorate of Armament Royal Thai Air Force Bangkok 10120 Thailand
| | - Ann Brinck
- Applied Physical Chemistry Department of Chemistry KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm SE-100 44 Sweden
| | - Tore Brinck
- Applied Physical Chemistry Department of Chemistry KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm SE-100 44 Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jorner K, Brinck T, Norrby PO, Buttar D. Machine learning meets mechanistic modelling for accurate prediction of experimental activation energies. Chem Sci 2021; 12:1163-1175. [PMID: 36299676 PMCID: PMC9528810 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04896h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate prediction of chemical reactions in solution is challenging for current state-of-the-art approaches based on transition state modelling with density functional theory. Models based on machine learning have emerged as a promising alternative to address these problems, but these models currently lack the precision to give crucial information on the magnitude of barrier heights, influence of solvents and catalysts and extent of regio- and chemoselectivity. Here, we construct hybrid models which combine the traditional transition state modelling and machine learning to accurately predict reaction barriers. We train a Gaussian Process Regression model to reproduce high-quality experimental kinetic data for the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction and use it to predict barriers with a mean absolute error of 0.77 kcal mol−1 for an external test set. The model was further validated on regio- and chemoselectivity prediction on patent reaction data and achieved a competitive top-1 accuracy of 86%, despite not being trained explicitly for this task. Importantly, the model gives error bars for its predictions that can be used for risk assessment by the end user. Hybrid models emerge as the preferred alternative for accurate reaction prediction in the very common low-data situation where only 100–150 rate constants are available for a reaction class. With recent advances in deep learning for quickly predicting barriers and transition state geometries from density functional theory, we envision that hybrid models will soon become a standard alternative to complement current machine learning approaches based on ground-state physical organic descriptors or structural information such as molecular graphs or fingerprints. Hybrid reactivity models, combining mechanistic calculations and machine learning with descriptors, are used to predict barriers for nucleophilic aromatic substitution.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kjell Jorner
- Early Chemical Development
- Pharmaceutical Sciences
- R&D
- AstraZeneca
- Macclesfield
| | - Tore Brinck
- Applied Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- CBH
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Stockholm
| | - Per-Ola Norrby
- Data Science & Modelling
- Pharmaceutical Sciences
- R&D
- AstraZeneca
- Gothenburg
| | - David Buttar
- Early Chemical Development
- Pharmaceutical Sciences
- R&D
- AstraZeneca
- Macclesfield
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Heinänen M, Brinck T, Lefering R, Handolin L, Söderlund T. How to Validate Data Quality in a Trauma Registry? The Helsinki Trauma Registry Internal Audit. Scand J Surg 2019; 110:199-207. [PMID: 31694457 DOI: 10.1177/1457496919883961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Trauma registry data are used for analyzing and improving patient care, comparison of different units, and for research and administrative purposes. Data should therefore be reliable. The aim of this study was to audit the quality of the Helsinki Trauma Registry internally. We describe how to conduct a validation of a regional or national trauma registry and how to report the results in a readily comprehensible form. MATERIALS AND METHODS Trauma registry database of Helsinki Trauma Registry from year 2013 was re-evaluated. We assessed data quality in three different parts of the data input process: the process of including patients in the trauma registry (case completeness); the process of calculating Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) codes; and entering the patient variables in the trauma registry (data completeness, accuracy, and correctness). We calculated the case completeness results using raw agreement percentage and Cohen's κ value. Percentage and descriptive methods were used for the remaining calculations. RESULTS In total, 862 patients were evaluated; 853 were rated the same in the audit process resulting in a raw agreement percentage of 99%. Nine cases were missing from the registry, yielding a case completeness of 97.1% for the Helsinki Trauma Registry. For AIS code data, we analyzed 107 patients with severe thorax injury with 941 AIS codes. Completeness of codes was 99.0% (932/941), accuracy was 90.0% (841/932), and correctness was 97.5% (909/932). The data completeness of patient variables was 93.4% (3899/4174). Data completeness was 100% for 16 of 32 categories. Data accuracy was 94.6% (3690/3899) and data correctness was 97.2% (3789/3899). CONCLUSION The case completeness, data completeness, data accuracy, and data correctness of the Helsinki Trauma Registry are excellent. We recommend that these should be the variables included in a trauma registry validation process, and that the quality of trauma registry data should be systematically and regularly reviewed and reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Heinänen
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Trauma Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Brinck
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Trauma Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Lefering
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM), University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany
| | - L Handolin
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Trauma Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Söderlund
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Trauma Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Izquierdo J, Demurget N, Landa A, Brinck T, Mercero JM, Dinér P, Oiarbide M, Palomo C. Asymmetric Synthesis of Adjacent Tri- and Tetrasubstituted Carbon Stereocenters: Organocatalytic Aldol Reaction of an Hydantoin Surrogate with Azaarene 2-Carbaldehydes. Chemistry 2019; 25:12431-12438. [PMID: 31318987 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A bifunctional amine/squaramide catalyst promoted direct aldol addition of an hydantoin surrogate to pyridine 2-carbaldehyde N-oxides to afford adducts bearing two vicinal tertiary/quaternary carbons in high diastereo- and enantioselectivity (d.r. up to >20:1; ee up to 98 %) is reported. Acid hydrolysis of adducts followed by reduction of the N-oxide group yields enantiopure carbinol-tethered quaternary hydantoin-azaarene conjugates with densely functionalized skeletons. DFT studies of the potential energy surface (B3LYP/6-31+G(d)+CPCM (dichloromethane)) of the reaction correlate the activity of different catalysts and support an intramolecular hydrogen-bond-assisted activation of the squaramide moiety in the transition state of the catalytic reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- June Izquierdo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Noémie Demurget
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Aitor Landa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Tore Brinck
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of, Technology, Teknikringen 30, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jose M Mercero
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, (UPV/EHU) & Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia, Spain
| | - Peter Dinér
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of, Technology, Teknikringen 30, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikel Oiarbide
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Claudio Palomo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Brinck T, Borrfors AN. Electrostatics and polarization determine the strength of the halogen bond: a red card for charge transfer. J Mol Model 2019; 25:125. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
10
|
Kosola J, Brinck T, Leppäniemi A, Handolin L. Blunt Abdominal Trauma in a European Trauma Setting: Need for Complex or Non-Complex Skills in Emergency Laparotomy. Scand J Surg 2019; 109:89-95. [PMID: 30782110 DOI: 10.1177/1457496919828244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Blunt abdominal trauma can lead to substantial organ injury and hemorrhage necessitating open abdominal surgery. Currently, the trend in surgeon training is shifting away from general surgery and the surgical treatment of blunt abdominal trauma patients is often done by sub-specialized surgeons. The aim of this study was to identify what emergency procedures are needed after blunt abdominal trauma and whether they can be performed with the skill set of a general surgeon. MATERIALS AND METHODS The records of blunt abdominal trauma patients requiring emergency laparotomy (n = 100) over the period 2006-2016 (Helsinki University Hospital Trauma Registry) were reviewed. The organ injuries and the complexity of the procedures were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 89 patients (no need for complex skills, NCS) were treated with the skill set of general surgeons while 11 patients required complex skills. Complex skills patients were more severely injured (New Injury Severity Score 56.4 vs 35.9, p < 0.001) and had a lower systolic blood pressure (mean: 89 vs 112, p = 0.044) and higher mean shock index (heart rate/systolic blood pressure: 1.43 vs 0.95, p = 0.012) on admission compared with NCS patients. The top three NCS procedures were splenectomy (n = 33), bowel repair (n = 31), and urinary bladder repair (n = 16). In patients requiring a complex procedure (CS), the bleeding site was the liver (n = 7) or a major blood vessel (n = 4). CONCLUSION The majority of patients requiring emergency laparotomy can be managed with the skills of a general surgeon. Non-responder blunt abdominal trauma patients with positive ultrasound are highly likely to require complex skills. The future training of surgeons should concentrate on NCS procedures while at the same time recognizing those injuries requiring complex skills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kosola
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Trauma Unit, Töölö Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Brinck
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Trauma Unit, Töölö Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Leppäniemi
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Handolin
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Trauma Unit, Töölö Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Brinck T, Stenlid JH. Chemical Reactivity: The Molecular Surface Property Approach: A Guide to Chemical Interactions in Chemistry, Medicine, and Material Science (Adv. Theory Simul. 1/2019). Adv Theory Simul 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201970003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
12
|
Halldin Stenlid J, Johansson AJ, Brinck T. The local electron attachment energy and the electrostatic potential as descriptors of surface–adsorbate interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17001-17009. [PMID: 31346592 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03099a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Local DFT-based properties are used for fast rationalization and accurate estimations of local surface reactivity of metal and oxide compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Halldin Stenlid
- Applied Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- CBH
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
| | | | - Tore Brinck
- Applied Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- CBH
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Brinck T, Stenlid JH. The Molecular Surface Property Approach: A Guide to Chemical Interactions in Chemistry, Medicine, and Material Science. Adv Theory Simul 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201800149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tore Brinck
- Applied Physical ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryCBHKTH Royal Institute of Technology SE‐100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Joakim H. Stenlid
- Department of PhysicsAlbaNova University CenterStockholm University SE‐106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liljenberg M, Stenlid JH, Brinck T. Theoretical Investigation into Rate-Determining Factors in Electrophilic Aromatic Halogenation. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:3270-3279. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b10781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Liljenberg
- Applied Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Halldin Stenlid
- Applied Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tore Brinck
- Applied Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Öberg H, Brinck T. Fragment molecular orbital study of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalyzed phosphoryl transfer: a comparison with the differential transition state stabilization method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:15153-61. [PMID: 27197750 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02623k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The importance of key residues to the activity of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalyzed phosphoryl transfer and to the stabilization of the transition state of the reaction has been investigated by means of the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method. To evaluate the accuracy of the method and its capability of fragmenting covalent bonds, we have compared stabilization energies due to the interactions between individual residues and the reaction center to results obtained with the differential transition state stabilization method (Szarek, et al., J. Phys. Chem. B, 2008, 112, 11819-11826) and observe, despite a size difference in the fragment describing the reaction center, near-quantitative agreement. We have also computed deletion energies to investigate the effect of virtual deletion of key residues on the activation energy. These results are consistent with the stabilization energies and yield additional information as they clearly capture the effect of secondary interactions, i.e. interactions in the second coordination layer of the reaction center. We find that using FMO to calculate deletion energies is a powerful and time efficient approach to analyze the importance of key residues to the activity of an enzyme catalyzed reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Öberg
- Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - T Brinck
- Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Halldin Stenlid J, Johansson AJ, Brinck T. σ-Holes and σ-lumps direct the Lewis basic and acidic interactions of noble metal nanoparticles: introducing regium bonds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:2676-2692. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06259a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Using local DFT-based probes for electrostatic as well as charge transfer/polarization interactions, we are able to characterize Lewis basic and acidic sites on copper, silver and gold nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Halldin Stenlid
- Applied Physical Chemistry
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Stockholm
- Sweden
| | | | - Tore Brinck
- Applied Physical Chemistry
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Stockholm
- Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liljenberg M, Stenlid JH, Brinck T. Mechanism and regioselectivity of electrophilic aromatic nitration in solution: the validity of the transition state approach. J Mol Model 2017; 24:15. [PMID: 29255940 PMCID: PMC5735206 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The potential energy surfaces in gas phase and in aqueous solution for the nitration of benzene, chlorobenzene, and phenol have been elucidated with density functional theory at the M06-2X/6-311G(d,p) level combined with the polarizable continuum solvent model (PCM). Three reaction intermediates have been identified along both surfaces: the unoriented π-complex (I), the oriented reaction complex (II), and the σ-complex (III). In order to obtain quantitatively reliable results for positional selectivity and for modeling the expulsion of the proton, it is crucial to take solvent effects into consideration. The results are in agreement with Olah’s conclusion from over 40 years ago that the transition state leading to (II) is the rate-determining step in activated cases, while it is the one leading to (III) for deactivated cases. The simplified reactivity approach of using the free energy for the formation of (III) as a model of the rate-determining transition state has previously been shown to be very successful for halogenations, but problematic for nitrations. These observations are rationalized with the geometric and energetic resemblance, and lack of resemblance respectively, between (III) and the corresponding rate determining transition state. At this level of theory, neither the σ-complex (III) nor the reaction complex (II) can be used to accurately model the rate-determining transition state for nitrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Liljenberg
- Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Halldin Stenlid
- Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tore Brinck
- Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gustafsson C, Vassiliev S, Kürten C, Syrén PO, Brinck T. MD Simulations Reveal Complex Water Paths in Squalene-Hopene Cyclase: Tunnel-Obstructing Mutations Increase the Flow of Water in the Active Site. ACS Omega 2017; 2:8495-8506. [PMID: 31457386 PMCID: PMC6645472 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Squalene-hopene cyclase catalyzes the cyclization of squalene to hopanoids. A previous study has identified a network of tunnels in the protein, where water molecules have been indicated to move. Blocking these tunnels by site-directed mutagenesis was found to change the activation entropy of the catalytic reaction from positive to negative with a concomitant lowering of the activation enthalpy. As a consequence, some variants are faster and others are slower than the wild type (wt) in vitro under optimal reaction conditions for the wt. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been performed for the wt and the variants to investigate how the mutations affect the protein structure and the water flow in the enzyme, hypothetically influencing the activation parameters. Interestingly, the tunnel-obstructing variants are associated with an increased flow of water in the active site, particularly close to the catalytic residue Asp376. MD simulations with the substrate present in the active site indicate that the distance for the rate-determining proton transfer between Asp376 and the substrate is longer in the tunnel-obstructing protein variants than in the wt. On the basis of the previous experimental results and the current MD results, we propose that the tunnel-obstructing variants, at least partly, could operate by a different catalytic mechanism, where the proton transfer may have contributions from a Grotthuss-like mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Gustafsson
- Applied
Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Serguei Vassiliev
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Brock University, Mackenzie Chown F 234, 1812 Sir
Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Charlotte Kürten
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Stockholm—School of Biotechnology, Division
of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23a, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Syrén
- Applied
Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Stockholm—School of Biotechnology, Division
of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23a, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Tore Brinck
- Applied
Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Koefoed L, Vase KH, Stenlid JH, Brinck T, Yoshimura Y, Lund H, Pedersen SU, Daasbjerg K. On the Kinetic and Thermodynamic Properties of Aryl Radicals Using Electrochemical and Theoretical Approaches. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Line Koefoed
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Karina H. Vase
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Joakim H. Stenlid
- Applied Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering; KTH Royal Institute of Technology; SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Tore Brinck
- Applied Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering; KTH Royal Institute of Technology; SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Yuichi Yoshimura
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Henning Lund
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Steen U. Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Stenlid JH, Brinck T. Extending the σ-Hole Concept to Metals: An Electrostatic Interpretation of the Effects of Nanostructure in Gold and Platinum Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11012-11015. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Halldin Stenlid
- Applied Physical Chemistry,
School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
| | - Tore Brinck
- Applied Physical Chemistry,
School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-10044, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Besharat Z, Halldin Stenlid J, Soldemo M, Marks K, Önsten A, Johnson M, Öström H, Weissenrieder J, Brinck T, Göthelid M. Dehydrogenation of methanol on Cu 2O(100) and (111). J Chem Phys 2017; 146:244702. [PMID: 28668016 DOI: 10.1063/1.4989472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adsorption and desorption of methanol on the (111) and (100) surfaces of Cu2O have been studied using high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy in the temperature range 120-620 K, in combination with density functional theory calculations and sum frequency generation spectroscopy. The bare (100) surface exhibits a (3,0; 1,1) reconstruction but restructures during the adsorption process into a Cu-dimer geometry stabilized by methoxy and hydrogen binding in Cu-bridge sites. During the restructuring process, oxygen atoms from the bulk that can host hydrogen appear on the surface. Heating transforms methoxy to formaldehyde, but further dehydrogenation is limited by the stability of the surface and the limited access to surface oxygen. The (√3 × √3)R30°-reconstructed (111) surface is based on ordered surface oxygen and copper ions and vacancies, which offers a palette of adsorption and reaction sites. Already at 140 K, a mixed layer of methoxy, formaldehyde, and CHxOy is formed. Heating to room temperature leaves OCH and CHx. Thus both CH-bond breaking and CO-scission are active on this surface at low temperature. The higher ability to dehydrogenate methanol on (111) compared to (100) is explained by the multitude of adsorption sites and, in particular, the availability of surface oxygen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Besharat
- Material Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SCI, S-164 40 Kista, Sweden
| | - Joakim Halldin Stenlid
- Applied Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Soldemo
- Material Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SCI, S-164 40 Kista, Sweden
| | - Kess Marks
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anneli Önsten
- Material Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SCI, S-164 40 Kista, Sweden
| | - Magnus Johnson
- Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm S-100 44, Sweden
| | - Henrik Öström
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Weissenrieder
- Material Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SCI, S-164 40 Kista, Sweden
| | - Tore Brinck
- Applied Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Göthelid
- Material Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SCI, S-164 40 Kista, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Heinänen M, Brinck T, Handolin L, Mattila VM, Söderlund T. Accuracy and Coverage of Diagnosis and Procedural Coding of Severely Injured Patients in the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register: Comparison to Patient Files and the Helsinki Trauma Registry. Scand J Surg 2017; 106:269-277. [DOI: 10.1177/1457496916685236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims: The Finnish Hospital Discharge Register data are frequently used for research purposes. The Finnish Hospital Discharge Register has shown excellent validity in single injuries or disease groups, but no studies have assessed patients with multiple trauma diagnoses. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy and coverage of the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register but at the same time validate the data of the trauma registry of the Helsinki University Hospital’s Trauma Unit. Materials and Methods: We assessed the accuracy and coverage of the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register data by comparing them to the original patient files and trauma registry files from the trauma registry of the Helsinki University Hospital’s Trauma Unit. We identified a baseline cohort of patients with severe thorax injury from the trauma registry of the Helsinki University Hospital’s Trauma Unit of 2013 (sample of 107 patients). We hypothesized that the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register would lack valuable information about these patients. Results: Using patient files, we identified 965 trauma diagnoses in these 107 patients. From the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register, we identified 632 (65.5%) diagnoses and from the trauma registry of the Helsinki University Hospital’s Trauma Unit, 924 (95.8%) diagnoses. A total of 170 (17.6%) trauma diagnoses were missing from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register data and 41 (4.2%) from the trauma registry of the Helsinki University Hospital’s Trauma Unit data. The coverage and accuracy of diagnoses in the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register were 65.5% (95% confidence interval: 62.5%–68.5%) and 73.8% (95% confidence interval: 70.4%–77.2%), respectively, and for the trauma registry of the Helsinki University Hospital’s Trauma Unit, 95.8% (95% confidence interval: 94.5%–97.0%) and 97.6% (95% confidence interval: 96.7%–98.6%), respectively. According to patient records, these patients were subjects in 249 operations. We identified 40 (16.1%) missing operation codes from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register and 19 (7.6%) from the trauma registry of the Helsinki University Hospital’s Trauma Unit. Conclusion: The validity of the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register data is unsatisfactory in terms of the accuracy and coverage of diagnoses in patients with multiple trauma diagnoses. Procedural codes provide greater accuracy. We found the coverage and accuracy of the trauma registry of the Helsinki University Hospital’s Trauma Unit to be excellent. Therefore, a special trauma registry, such as the trauma registry of the Helsinki University Hospital’s Trauma Unit, provides much more accurate data and should be the preferred registry when extracting data for research or for administrative use, such as resource prioritizing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Heinänen
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Trauma Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T. Brinck
- Trauma Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L. Handolin
- Trauma Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - V. M. Mattila
- Department of Orthopedics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - T. Söderlund
- Trauma Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
- Joakim H. Stenlid
- Applied Physical Chemistry,
School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tore Brinck
- Applied Physical Chemistry,
School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Brinck T, Carlqvist P, Stenlid JH. Local Electron Attachment Energy and Its Use for Predicting Nucleophilic Reactions and Halogen Bonding. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:10023-10032. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b10142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tore Brinck
- Applied Physical Chemistry,
School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Carlqvist
- Applied Physical Chemistry,
School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim H. Stenlid
- Applied Physical Chemistry,
School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Laurell Nash A, Hertzberg R, Wen YQ, Dahlgren B, Brinck T, Moberg C. Dual Lewis Acid/Lewis Base Catalyzed Acylcyanation of Aldehydes: A Mechanistic Study. Chemistry 2016; 22:3821-9. [PMID: 26592522 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A mechanistic investigation, which included a Hammett correlation analysis, evaluation of the effect of variation of catalyst composition, and low-temperature NMR spectroscopy studies, of the Lewis acid-Lewis base catalyzed addition of acetyl cyanide to prochiral aldehydes provides support for a reaction route that involves Lewis base activation of the acyl cyanide with formation of a potent acylating agent and cyanide ion. The cyanide ion adds to the carbonyl group of the Lewis acid activated aldehyde. O-Acylation by the acylated Lewis base to form the final cyanohydrin ester occurs prior to decomplexation from titanium. For less reactive aldehydes, the addition of cyanide is the rate-determining step, whereas, for more reactive, electron-deficient aldehydes, cyanide addition is rapid and reversible and is followed by rate-limiting acylation. The resting state of the catalyst lies outside the catalytic cycle and is believed to be a monomeric titanium complex with two alcoholate ligands, which only slowly converts into the product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laurell Nash
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robin Hertzberg
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ye-Qian Wen
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Dahlgren
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tore Brinck
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Moberg
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Raj R, Brinck T, Skrifvars MB, Handolin L. External validation of the Norwegian survival prediction model in trauma after major trauma in Southern Finland. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2016; 60:48-58. [PMID: 26251159 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Norwegian Survival Prediction Model in Trauma (NORMIT) is a newly developed outcome prediction model for patients with trauma. We aimed to compare the novel NORMIT to the more commonly used Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) in Finnish trauma patients. METHODS We performed a retrospective open-cohort study, using the trauma registry of Helsinki university hospital's trauma unit, including severely injured patients (new injury severity score > 15) admitted from 2007 to 2011. We used 30-day in-hospital mortality as the primary outcome, and discharge functional outcome as a secondary outcome of interest. Model performance was evaluated by comparing discrimination (by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]), using a re-sample bootstrap technique, and by assessing calibration (GiViTI belt). RESULTS We identified 1111 patients fulfilling the study inclusion criteria. Overall mortality was 13% (n = 147). NORMIT showed slightly better discrimination for mortality prediction (AUC = 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.80-0.86 vs. AUC = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.75-0.83, P = 0.004) and functional outcome prediction (AUC = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.76-0.82 vs. AUC = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.72-0.78, P < 0.001) than TRISS. Calibration testing revealed poor calibration for both NORMIT and TRISS (P < 0.001), by giving too pessimistic predictions (predicted survival significantly lower than actual survival). CONCLUSION NORMIT and TRISS showed good discrimination, but poor calibration, in this mixed cohort of severely injured trauma patients from Southern Finland. We found NORMIT to be a feasible alternative to TRISS for trauma patient outcome prediction, but trauma prediction models with improved calibration are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Raj
- Department of Neurosurgery; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - T. Brinck
- Töölö Trauma Unit; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - M. B. Skrifvars
- Division of Intensive Care; Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - L. Handolin
- Töölö Trauma Unit; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Stenlid JH, Soldemo M, Johansson AJ, Leygraf C, Göthelid M, Weissenrieder J, Brinck T. Reactivity at the Cu2O(100):Cu–H2O interface: a combined DFT and PES study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:30570-30584. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04410g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Detailed characterization of the structure and composition of the water–cuprite interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. H. Stenlid
- Applied Physical Chemistry
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - M. Soldemo
- Material Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-164 40 Kista
- Sweden
| | - A. J. Johansson
- Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co (SKB)
- Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - C. Leygraf
- Surface and Corrosion Science
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - M. Göthelid
- Material Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-164 40 Kista
- Sweden
| | - J. Weissenrieder
- Material Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-164 40 Kista
- Sweden
| | - T. Brinck
- Applied Physical Chemistry
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lousada CM, Brinck T, Jonsson M. Application of reactivity descriptors to the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide at oxide surfaces. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
29
|
Brinck T, Handolin L, Lefering R. The Effect of Evolving Fluid Resuscitation on the Outcome of Severely Injured Patients: An 8-year Experience at a Tertiary Trauma Center. Scand J Surg 2015; 105:109-16. [PMID: 25989810 DOI: 10.1177/1457496915586650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fluid resuscitation of severely injured patients has shifted over the last decade toward less crystalloids and more blood products. Helsinki University trauma center implemented the massive transfusion protocol in the end of 2009. The aim of the study was to review the changes in fluid resuscitation and its influence on outcome of severely injured patients with hemodynamic compromise treated at the single tertiary trauma center. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data on severely injured patients (New Injury Severity Score > 15) from Helsinki University Hospital trauma center's trauma registry was reviewed over 2006-2013. The isolated head-injury patients, patients without hemodynamic compromise on admission (systolic blood pressure > 90 or base excess > -5.0), and those transferred in from another hospital were excluded. The primary outcome measure was 30-day in-hospital mortality. The study period was divided into three phases: 2006-2008 (pre-protocol, 146 patients), 2009-2010 (the implementation of massive transfusion protocol, 85 patients), and 2011-2013 (post massive transfusion protocol, 121 patients). Expected mortality was calculated using the Revised Injury Severity Classification score II. The Standardized Mortality Ratio, as well as the amounts of crystalloids, colloids, and blood products (red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, platelets) administered prehospital and in the emergency room were compared. RESULTS Of the 354 patients that were included, Standardized Mortality Ratio values decreased (indicating better survival) during the study period from 0.97 (pre-protocol), 0.87 (the implementation of massive transfusion protocol), to 0.79 (post massive transfusion protocol). The amount of crystalloids used in the emergency room decreased from 3870 mL (pre-protocol), 2390 mL (the implementation of massive transfusion protocol), to 2340 mL (post massive transfusion protocol). In these patients, the blood products' (red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, and platelets together) relation to crystalloids increased from 0.36, 0.70, to 0.74, respectively, in three phases. CONCLUSION During the study period, no other major changes in the protocols on treatment of severely injured patients were implemented. The overall awareness of damage control fluid resuscitation and introduction of massive transfusion protocol in a trauma center has a significant positive effect on the outcome of severely injured patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Brinck
- Töölö Trauma Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Handolin
- Töölö Trauma Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Lefering
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM), University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Brinck T, Handolin L, Paffrath T, Lefering R. Trauma registry comparison: six-year results in trauma care in Southern Finland and Germany. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2014; 41:509-16. [PMID: 26037999 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-014-0470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the treatment and survival of trauma patients in Germany and Southern Finland. METHODS Data from Helsinki University Hospital trauma registry (TR-THEL) and TraumaRegister DGU(®) (TR-DGU) were compared in a period from 2006 until 2011. From TR-DGU level-one trauma centers treating annually >50 injury severity score (ISS) >15 patients were included. The inclusion criterion was ISS >15. Patients under 16 years with penetrating trauma without head injury and transferred in with isolated head injury were excluded. The compared parameters were age, sex, pre-injury ASA, injury scoring, injury pattern, mechanism of injury, injury distribution, pre-hospital timings, transportation method, pre-hospital intubation, treatment at hospital, discharge destination, and 30-day hospital mortality. Expected mortality was defined with the Revised Injury Severity Classification score (RISC). RESULTS Eighty-five German level-one trauma centers were included. A total of 15,306 and 1,274 patients were included in the outcome analysis from TR-DGU and TR-THEL, respectively. The difference between the observed and expected mortality of all patients was -4.1% (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] 0.82) at German hospitals and -4.0% (SMR 0.79) in Helsinki. Differences in the pre- and in-hospital treatment between the two countries were noted (transportation method, intubation rate, intensive care unit treatment, ventilation time, length of stay). CONCLUSION The overall outcome results of the Helsinki University Hospital trauma unit were similar to those of the German level-one trauma centers. Registry comparison is a feasible method of quality control in a trauma centre.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Brinck
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Trauma Unit, Töölö Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Topeliuksenkatu 5, PB 266, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - L Handolin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Trauma Unit, Töölö Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Topeliuksenkatu 5, PB 266, FI-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Paffrath
- Department for Trauma Surgery and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Health, Cologne Merheim Medical Center, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany
| | - R Lefering
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM), University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ito M, Brinck T. Novel Approach for Identifying Key Residues in Enzymatic Reactions: Proton Abstraction in Ketosteroid Isomerase. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:13050-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp508423s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mika Ito
- Applied
Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen
30, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tore Brinck
- Applied
Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen
30, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Stenlid JH, Johansson AJ, Brinck T. Searching for the thermodynamic limit – a DFT study of the step-wise water oxidation of the bipyramidal Cu7cluster. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:2452-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53865f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
33
|
Lousada CM, Johansson AJ, Brinck T, Jonsson M. Reactivity of metal oxide clusters with hydrogen peroxide and water--a DFT study evaluating the performance of different exchange-correlation functionals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:5539-52. [PMID: 23460024 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp44559c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have performed a density functional theory (DFT) investigation of the interactions of H2O2, H2O and HO radicals with clusters of ZrO2, TiO2 and Y2O3. Different modes of H2O adsorption onto the clusters were studied. In almost all the cases the dissociative adsorption is more exothermic than molecular adsorption. At the surfaces where H2O has undergone dissociative adsorption, the adsorption of H2O2 and the transition state for its decomposition are mediated by hydrogen bonding with the surface HO groups. Using the functionals B3LYP, B3LYP-D and M06 with clusters of 26 and 8 units of ZrO2, the M06 functional performed better than B3LYP in describing the reaction of decomposition of H2O2 and the adsorption of H2O. Additionally, we investigated clusters of the type (ZrO2)2, (TiO2)2 and (Y2O3) and the performance of the functionals B3LYP, B3LYP-D, B3LYP*, M06, M06-L, PBE0, PBE and PWPW91 in describing H2O2, H2O and HO˙ adsorption and the energy barrier for decomposition of H2O2. The trends obtained for HO˙ adsorption onto the clusters are discussed in terms of the ionization energy of the metal cation present in the oxide. In order to correctly account for the existence of an energy barrier for the decomposition of H2O2, the functional used must include Hartree-Fock exchange. Using minimal cluster models, the best performance in describing the energy barrier for H2O2 decomposition was obtained with the M06 and PBE0 functionals - the average absolute deviations from experiments are 6 kJ mol(-1) and 5 kJ mol(-1) respectively. With the M06 functional and a larger monoclinic (ZrO2)8 cluster model, the performance is in excellent agreement with experimental data. For the different oxides, PBE0 was found to be the most effective functional in terms of performance and computational time cost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio M Lousada
- Applied Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liljenberg M, Brinck T, Rein T, Svensson M. Utilizing the σ-complex stability for quantifying reactivity in nucleophilic substitution of aromatic fluorides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:791-9. [PMID: 23766792 PMCID: PMC3678587 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A computational approach using density functional theory to compute the energies of the possible σ-complex reaction intermediates, the “σ-complex approach”, has been shown to be very useful in predicting regioselectivity, in electrophilic as well as nucleophilic aromatic substitution. In this article we give a short overview of the background for these investigations and the general requirements for predictive reactivity models for the pharmaceutical industry. We also present new results regarding the reaction rates and regioselectivities in nucleophilic substitution of fluorinated aromatics. They were rationalized by investigating linear correlations between experimental rate constants (k) from the literature with a theoretical quantity, which we call the sigma stability (SS). The SS is the energy change associated with formation of the intermediate σ-complex by attachment of the nucleophile to the aromatic ring. The correlations, which include both neutral (NH3) and anionic (MeO−) nucleophiles are quite satisfactory (r = 0.93 to r = 0.99), and SS is thus useful for quantifying both global (substrate) and local (positional) reactivity in SNAr reactions of fluorinated aromatic substrates. A mechanistic analysis shows that the geometric structure of the σ-complex resembles the rate-limiting transition state and that this provides a rationale for the observed correlations between the SS and the reaction rate.
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
|
37
|
Linder M, Ranganathan A, Brinck T. “Adapted Linear Interaction Energy”: A Structure-Based LIE Parametrization for Fast Prediction of Protein–Ligand Affinities. J Chem Theory Comput 2012; 9:1230-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ct300783e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mats Linder
- Applied Physical
Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of
Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anirudh Ranganathan
- Applied Physical
Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of
Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tore Brinck
- Applied Physical
Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of
Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Linder M, Johansson AJ, Olsson TSG, Liebeschuetz J, Brinck T. Computational design of a Diels-Alderase from a thermophilic esterase: the importance of dynamics. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2012; 26:1079-95. [PMID: 22983490 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-012-9601-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A novel computational Diels-Alderase design, based on a relatively rare form of carboxylesterase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, is presented and theoretically evaluated. The structure was found by mining the PDB for a suitable oxyanion hole-containing structure, followed by a combinatorial approach to find suitable substrates and rational mutations. Four lead designs were selected and thoroughly modeled to obtain realistic estimates of substrate binding and prearrangement. Molecular dynamics simulations and DFT calculations were used to optimize and estimate binding affinity and activation energies. A large quantum chemical model was used to capture the salient interactions in the crucial transition state (TS). Our quantitative estimation of kinetic parameters was validated against four experimentally characterized Diels-Alderases with good results. The final designs in this work are predicted to have rate enhancements of ≈ 10(3)-10(6) and high predicted proficiencies. This work emphasizes the importance of considering protein dynamics in the design approach, and provides a quantitative estimate of the how the TS stabilization observed in most de novo and redesigned enzymes is decreased compared to a minimal, 'ideal' model. The presented design is highly interesting for further optimization and applications since it is based on a thermophilic enzyme (T (opt) = 70 °C).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mats Linder
- Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
We have employed hybrid DFT and SCS-MP2 calculations at the SMD-PCM-6-311++G(2d,2p)//6-31+G(d) level to investigate the relationship between three possible channels for forming a Diels-Alder adduct from a highly nucleophilic diene and moderately to highly electrophilic dienophiles. We discuss geometries optimized using the B3LYP and M06-2X functionals with the 6-31+(d) basis set. The transition states and intermediates are characterized on the basis of geometric and electronic properties, and we also address the possibility of predicting detectability of a zwitterionic intermediate based on its relative stability. Our results show that a conventional Diels-Alder transition state conformation yields intermediates in all four investigated cases, but that these are too short-lived to be detected experimentally for the less activated reactants. The stepwise trans pathway, beginning with a conjugate addition-like transition state, becomes increasingly competitive with more activated reactants and is indeed favored for the most electrophilic dienophiles. Addition of a trans diene leads to a dead-end as the trans intermediates have insurmountable rotation barriers that prohibit formation of the second bond, unless another, heterocyclic intermediate is formed. We also show that introduction of a hydrogen bond donating catalyst favors a stepwise pathway even for less activated dienophiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mats Linder
- Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-100 44 Stockholm
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Linder M, Johansson AJ, Manta B, Olsson P, Brinck T. Envisioning an enzymatic Diels-Alder reaction by in situ acid-base catalyzed diene generation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:5665-7. [PMID: 22547054 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31502e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We present and evaluate a new and potentially efficient route for enzyme-mediated Diels-Alder reactions, utilizing general acid-base catalysis. The viability of employing the active site of ketosteroid isomerase is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mats Linder
- Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30-36, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Liljenberg M, Brinck T, Herschend B, Rein T, Tomasi S, Svensson M. Predicting regioselectivity in nucleophilic aromatic substitution. J Org Chem 2012; 77:3262-9. [PMID: 22384935 DOI: 10.1021/jo202569n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated practical and computationally efficient methods for the quantitative prediction of regioisomer distribution in kinetically controlled nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. One of the methods is based on calculating the relative stabilities of the isomeric σ-complex intermediates using DFT. We show that predictions from this method can be used quantitatively both for anionic nucleophiles with F(-) as leaving group, as well as for neutral nucleophiles with HF as leaving group. The σ-complex approach failed when the leaving group was Cl/HCl or Br/HBr, both for anionic and neutral nucleophiles, because of difficulties in finding relevant σ-complex structures. An approach where we assumed a concerted substitution step and used such transition state structures gave quantitatively useful results. Our results are consistent with other theoretical works, where a stable σ-complex has been identified in some cases, whereas others have been indicated to proceed via a concerted substitution step.
Collapse
|
42
|
Johansson AJ, Lilja C, Brinck T. Erratum: “On the formation of hydrogen gas on copper in anoxic water” [J. Chem. Phys. 135, 084709 (2011)]. J Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3690152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
43
|
Affiliation(s)
- Mats Linder
- Applied Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-100 44 Stockholm
| | - Adam Johannes Johansson
- Applied Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-100 44 Stockholm
| | - Tore Brinck
- Applied Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-100 44 Stockholm
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Linder M, Johansson AJ, Olsson TSG, Liebeschuetz J, Brinck T. Designing a new Diels-Alderase: a combinatorial, semirational approach including dynamic optimization. J Chem Inf Model 2011; 51:1906-17. [PMID: 21780795 DOI: 10.1021/ci200177d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A computationally inexpensive design strategy involving 'semirational' screening for enzymatic catalysis is presented. The protocol is based on well-established computational methods and represents a holistic approach to the catalytic process. The model reaction studied here is the Diels-Alder, for which a successful computational design has recently been published (Siegel, J. B. et al. Science 2010, 329, 309-313). While it is a leap forward in the field of computational design, the focus on designing only a small fraction of the active site gives little control over dynamics. Our approach explicitly incorporates mutagenesis and the analysis of binding events and transition states, and a promising enzyme-substrate candidate is generated with relatively little effort. We estimate catalytic rate accelerations of up to 10⁵.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mats Linder
- Physical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Vongvilai P, Linder M, Sakulsombat M, Svedendahl Humble M, Berglund P, Brinck T, Ramström O. Racemase Activity of B. cepacia Lipase Leads to Dual-Function Asymmetric Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of α-Aminonitriles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
47
|
Liljenberg M, Brinck T, Herschend B, Rein T, Rockwell G, Svensson M. A pragmatic procedure for predicting regioselectivity in nucleophilic substitution of aromatic fluorides. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
48
|
Brennum J, Brinck T, Schriver L, Wanscher B, Sørensen PS, Tfelt-Hansen P, Olesen J. Sumatriptan has no clinically relevant effect in the treatment of episodic tension-type headache. Eur J Neurol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.1996.tb00184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
49
|
Caraballo R, Deng L, Amorim L, Brinck T, Ramström O. pH-dependent mutarotation of 1-thioaldoses in water. Unexpected behavior of (2s)-D-aldopyranoses. J Org Chem 2011; 75:6115-21. [PMID: 20738084 DOI: 10.1021/jo100826e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The pH-dependent mutarotation of 1-thioaldopyranoses in aqueous media has been investigated. Anomerization readily occurred at lower and neutral pH for all aldopyranoses studied, whereas mainly for (2S)-D-aldopyranoses at higher pH. 1-Thio-D-mannopyranose and 1-thio-D-altropyranose showed very strong pH dependence where the anomeric equilibrium ratios changed dramatically from a preference for the β-anomer at lower pH to the α-anomer at higher pH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Caraballo
- KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rahm
- Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|