1
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Howard LM, Jensen TL, Goll JB, Gelber CE, Bradley MD, Sherrod SD, Hoek KL, Yoder S, Jimenez-Truque N, Edwards K, Creech CB. Metabolomic Signatures Differentiate Immune Responses in Avian Influenza Vaccine Recipients. J Infect Dis 2024:jiad611. [PMID: 38181048 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian influenza viruses pose significant risk to human health. Vaccines targeting the hemagglutinin of these viruses are poorly immunogenic without the use of adjuvants. METHODS Twenty healthy men and women (18-49 years of age) were randomized to receive two doses of inactivated influenza A/H5N1 vaccine alone (IIV) or with AS03 adjuvant (IIV-AS03) one month apart. Urine and serum samples were collected on day 0 and on days 1, 3, and 7 following first vaccination and subjected to metabolomics analyses to identify metabolites, metabolic pathways, and metabolite clusters associated with immunization. RESULTS Seventy-three differentially abundant (DA) serum and 88 urine metabolites were identified for any post-vaccination day comparison. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment of tryptophan, tyrosine and nicotinate metabolism in urine and serum among IIV-AS03 recipients. Increased urine abundance of 4-vinylphenol sulfate on Day 1 was associated with serologic response based on hemagglutination inhibition responses. In addition, 9 DA urine metabolites were identified in participants with malaise compared to those without. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that tryptophan, tyrosine, and nicotinate metabolism are upregulated among IIV-AS03 recipients compared with IIV alone. Metabolites within these pathways may serve as measures of immunogenicity and may provide mechanistic insights for adjuvanted vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh M Howard
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Travis L Jensen
- The Emmes Company, LLC, Biomedical Data Science and Bioinformatics Department, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Johannes B Goll
- The Emmes Company, LLC, Biomedical Data Science and Bioinformatics Department, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Casey E Gelber
- The Emmes Company, LLC, Biomedical Data Science and Bioinformatics Department, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Matthew D Bradley
- The Emmes Company, LLC, Biomedical Data Science and Bioinformatics Department, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Stacy D Sherrod
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kristen L Hoek
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (VI4), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sandra Yoder
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Natalia Jimenez-Truque
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kathryn Edwards
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C Buddy Creech
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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2
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Goll JB, Bosinger SE, Jensen TL, Walum H, Grimes T, Tharp GK, Natrajan MS, Blazevic A, Head RD, Gelber CE, Steenbergen KJ, Patel NB, Sanz P, Rouphael NG, Anderson EJ, Mulligan MJ, Hoft DF. Corrigendum: The Vacc-SeqQC project: Benchmarking RNA-Seq for clinical vaccine studies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1163550. [PMID: 36911714 PMCID: PMC9996330 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1163550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1093242.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes B Goll
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and Bioinformatics, The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Steven E Bosinger
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Emory NPRC Genomics Core, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Travis L Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and Bioinformatics, The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Hasse Walum
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Tyler Grimes
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and Bioinformatics, The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Gregory K Tharp
- Emory NPRC Genomics Core, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Muktha S Natrajan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Azra Blazevic
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Richard D Head
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Casey E Gelber
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and Bioinformatics, The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Kristen J Steenbergen
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and Bioinformatics, The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Nirav B Patel
- Emory NPRC Genomics Core, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Patrick Sanz
- Office of Biodefense, Research Resources and Translational Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Nadine G Rouphael
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Evan J Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,New York University Vaccine Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel F Hoft
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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3
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Krushkal J, Vural S, Jensen TL, Wright G, Zhao Y. Increased copy number of imprinted genes in the chromosomal region 20q11-q13.32 is associated with resistance to antitumor agents in cancer cell lines. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:161. [PMID: 36461044 PMCID: PMC9716673 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parent of origin-specific allelic expression of imprinted genes is epigenetically controlled. In cancer, imprinted genes undergo both genomic and epigenomic alterations, including frequent copy number changes. We investigated whether copy number loss or gain of imprinted genes in cancer cell lines is associated with response to chemotherapy treatment. RESULTS We analyzed 198 human imprinted genes including protein-coding genes and noncoding RNA genes using data from tumor cell lines from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer datasets. We examined whether copy number of the imprinted genes in 35 different genome locations was associated with response to cancer drug treatment. We also analyzed associations of pretreatment expression and DNA methylation of imprinted genes with drug response. Higher copy number of BLCAP, GNAS, NNAT, GNAS-AS1, HM13, MIR296, MIR298, and PSIMCT-1 in the chromosomal region 20q11-q13.32 was associated with resistance to multiple antitumor agents. Increased expression of BLCAP and HM13 was also associated with drug resistance, whereas higher methylation of gene regions of BLCAP, NNAT, SGK2, and GNAS was associated with drug sensitivity. While expression and methylation of imprinted genes in several other chromosomal regions was also associated with drug response and many imprinted genes in different chromosomal locations showed a considerable copy number variation, only imprinted genes at 20q11-q13.32 had a consistent association of their copy number with drug response. Copy number values among the imprinted genes in the 20q11-q13.32 region were strongly correlated. They were also correlated with the copy number of cancer-related non-imprinted genes MYBL2, AURKA, and ZNF217 in that chromosomal region. Expression of genes at 20q11-q13.32 was associated with ex vivo drug response in primary tumor samples from the Beat AML 1.0 acute myeloid leukemia patient cohort. Association of the increased copy number of the 20q11-q13.32 region with drug resistance may be complex and could involve multiple genes. CONCLUSIONS Copy number of imprinted and non-imprinted genes in the chromosomal region 20q11-q13.32 was associated with cancer drug resistance. The genes in this chromosomal region may have a modulating effect on tumor response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krushkal
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Suleyman Vural
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.,Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - George Wright
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Yingdong Zhao
- Biometric Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
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4
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Goll JB, Jain A, Jensen TL, Assis R, Nakajima R, Jasinskas A, Coughlan L, Cherikh SR, Gelber CE, Khan S, Huw Davies D, Meade P, Stadlbauer D, Strohmeier S, Krammer F, Chen WH, Felgner PL. The antibody landscapes following AS03 and MF59 adjuvanted H5N1 vaccination. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:103. [PMID: 36042229 PMCID: PMC9427073 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00524-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Current seasonal and pre-pandemic influenza vaccines induce short-lived predominantly strain-specific and limited heterosubtypic responses. To better understand how vaccine adjuvants AS03 and MF59 may provide improved antibody responses to vaccination, we interrogated serum from subjects who received 2 doses of inactivated monovalent influenza A/Indonesia/05/2005 vaccine with or without AS03 or MF59 using hemagglutinin (HA) microarrays (NCT01317758 and NCT01317745). The arrays were designed to reflect both full-length and globular head HA derived from 17 influenza A subtypes (H1 to H16 and H18) and influenza B strains. We observed significantly increased strain-specific and broad homo- and heterosubtypic antibody responses with both AS03 and MF59 adjuvanted vaccination with AS03 achieving a higher titer and breadth of IgG responses relative to MF59. The adjuvanted vaccine was also associated with the elicitation of stalk-directed antibody. We established good correlation of the array antibody responses to H5 antigens with standard HA inhibition and microneutralization titers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aarti Jain
- Vaccine R&D Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Rafael Assis
- Vaccine R&D Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rie Nakajima
- Vaccine R&D Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Algis Jasinskas
- Vaccine R&D Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lynda Coughlan
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - S Khan
- Vaccine R&D Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - D Huw Davies
- Vaccine R&D Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Philip Meade
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount. Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Stadlbauer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount. Sinai, New York City, NY, USA.,Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount. Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount. Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Wilbur H Chen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Philip L Felgner
- Vaccine R&D Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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5
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Miller CA, Walker JR, Jensen TL, Hooper WF, Fulton RS, Painter JS, Sekeres MA, Ley TJ, Spencer DH, Goll JB, Walter MJ. Failure to Detect Mutations in U2AF1 due to Changes in the GRCh38 Reference Sequence. J Mol Diagn 2022; 24:219-223. [PMID: 35041928 PMCID: PMC8950341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The U2AF1 gene is a core part of mRNA splicing machinery and frequently contains somatic mutations that contribute to oncogenesis in myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia, and other cancers. A change introduced in the GRCh38 version of the human reference build prevents detection of mutations in this gene, and others, by variant calling pipelines. This study describes the problem in detail and shows that a modified GRCh38 reference build with unchanged coordinates can be used to ameliorate the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Miller
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri,Address correspondence to Christopher A. Miller, Ph.D., Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8007, St. Louis, MO 63110.
| | - Jason R. Walker
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | | | - Robert S. Fulton
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Mikkael A. Sekeres
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Timothy J. Ley
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - David H. Spencer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Matthew J. Walter
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri,Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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6
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Goll JB, Bosinger SE, Jensen TL, Walum H, Grimes T, Tharp GK, Natrajan MS, Blazevic A, Head RD, Gelber CE, Steenbergen KJ, Patel NB, Sanz P, Rouphael NG, Anderson EJ, Mulligan MJ, Hoft DF. The Vacc-SeqQC project: Benchmarking RNA-Seq for clinical vaccine studies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1093242. [PMID: 36741404 PMCID: PMC9893923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1093242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Over the last decade, the field of systems vaccinology has emerged, in which high throughput transcriptomics and other omics assays are used to probe changes of the innate and adaptive immune system in response to vaccination. The goal of this study was to benchmark key technical and analytical parameters of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in the context of a multi-site, double-blind randomized vaccine clinical trial. Methods We collected longitudinal peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from 10 subjects before and after vaccination with a live attenuated Francisella tularensis vaccine and performed RNA-Seq at two different sites using aliquots from the same sample to generate two replicate datasets (5 time points for 50 samples each). We evaluated the impact of (i) filtering lowly-expressed genes, (ii) using external RNA controls, (iii) fold change and false discovery rate (FDR) filtering, (iv) read length, and (v) sequencing depth on differential expressed genes (DEGs) concordance between replicate datasets. Using synthetic mRNA spike-ins, we developed a method for empirically establishing minimal read-count thresholds for maintaining fold change accuracy on a per-experiment basis. We defined a reference PBMC transcriptome by pooling sequence data and established the impact of sequencing depth and gene filtering on transcriptome representation. Lastly, we modeled statistical power to detect DEGs for a range of sample sizes, effect sizes, and sequencing depths. Results and Discussion Our results showed that (i) filtering lowly-expressed genes is recommended to improve fold-change accuracy and inter-site agreement, if possible guided by mRNA spike-ins (ii) read length did not have a major impact on DEG detection, (iii) applying fold-change cutoffs for DEG detection reduced inter-set agreement and should be used with caution, if at all, (iv) reduction in sequencing depth had a minimal impact on statistical power but reduced the identifiable fraction of the PBMC transcriptome, (v) after sample size, effect size (i.e. the magnitude of fold change) was the most important driver of statistical power to detect DEG. The results from this study provide RNA sequencing benchmarks and guidelines for planning future similar vaccine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes B Goll
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and Bioinformatics, The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Steven E Bosinger
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Emory NPRC Genomics Core, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Travis L Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and Bioinformatics, The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Hasse Walum
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Tyler Grimes
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and Bioinformatics, The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Gregory K Tharp
- Emory NPRC Genomics Core, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Muktha S Natrajan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Azra Blazevic
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Richard D Head
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Casey E Gelber
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and Bioinformatics, The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Kristen J Steenbergen
- Department of Biomedical Data Science and Bioinformatics, The Emmes Company, LLC, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Nirav B Patel
- Emory NPRC Genomics Core, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Patrick Sanz
- Office of Biodefense, Research Resources and Translational Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Nadine G Rouphael
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Evan J Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,New York University Vaccine Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel F Hoft
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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7
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Frey SE, Stapleton JT, Ballas ZK, Rasmussen WL, Kaufman TM, Blevins TP, Jensen TL, Davies DH, Tary-Lehmann M, Chaplin P, Hill H, Goll JB. Human Antibody Responses Following Vaccinia Immunization Using Protein Microarrays and Correlation With Cell-Mediated Immunity and Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Responses. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1372-1382. [PMID: 33675226 PMCID: PMC8861366 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data regarding immunological correlates of protection for the modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) smallpox vaccine. METHODS A total of 523 vaccinia-naive subjects were randomized to receive 2 vaccine doses, as lyophilized MVA given subcutaneously, liquid MVA given subcutaneously (liquid-SC group), or liquid MVA given intradermally (liquid-ID group) 28 days apart. For a subset of subjects, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), interferon-γ release enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT), and protein microarray antibody-binding assays were conducted. Protein microarray responses were assessed for correlations with plaque reduction neutralization titer (PRNT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ADCC, and ELISPOT results. RESULTS MVA elicited significant microarray antibody responses to 15 of 224 antigens, mostly virion membrane proteins, at day 28 or 42, particularly WR113/D8L and WR101H3L. In the liquid-SC group, responses to 9 antigens, including WR113/D8L and WR101/H3L, correlated with PRNT results. Three were correlated in the liquid-ID group. No significant correlations were observed with ELISPOT responses. In the liquid-ID group, WR052/F13L, a membrane glycoprotein, correlated with ADCC responses. CONCLUSIONS MVA elicited antibodies to 15 vaccinia strain antigens representing virion membrane. Antibody responses to 2 proteins strongly increased and significantly correlated with increases in PRNT. Responses to these proteins are potential correlates of protection and may serve as immunogens for future vaccine development. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT00914732.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jack T Stapleton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa and Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Zuhair K Ballas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa and Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Wendy L Rasmussen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa and Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Thomas M Kaufman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa and Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Tammy P Blevins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - D Huw Davies
- Vaccine Research & Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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8
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Jensen TL, Hooper WF, Cherikh SR, Goll JB. RP-REP Ribosomal Profiling Reports: an open-source cloud-enabled framework for reproducible ribosomal profiling data processing, analysis, and result reporting. F1000Res 2021; 10:143. [PMID: 36299497 PMCID: PMC9579745 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.40668.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal profiling is an emerging experimental technology to measure protein synthesis by sequencing short mRNA fragments undergoing translation in ribosomes. Applied on the genome wide scale, this is a powerful tool to profile global protein synthesis within cell populations of interest. Such information can be utilized for biomarker discovery and detection of treatment-responsive genes. However, analysis of ribosomal profiling data requires careful preprocessing to reduce the impact of artifacts and dedicated statistical methods for visualizing and modeling the high-dimensional discrete read count data. Here we present Ribosomal Profiling Reports (RP-REP), a new open-source cloud-enabled software that allows users to execute start-to-end gene-level ribosomal profiling and RNA-Seq analysis on a pre-configured Amazon Virtual Machine Image (AMI) hosted on AWS or on the user’s own Ubuntu Linux server. The software works with FASTQ files stored locally, on AWS S3, or at the Sequence Read Archive (SRA). RP-REP automatically executes a series of customizable steps including filtering of contaminant RNA, enrichment of true ribosomal footprints, reference alignment and gene translation quantification, gene body coverage, CRAM compression, reference alignment QC, data normalization, multivariate data visualization, identification of differentially translated genes, and generation of heatmaps, co-translated gene clusters, enriched pathways, and other custom visualizations. RP-REP provides functionality to contrast RNA-SEQ and ribosomal profiling results, and calculates translational efficiency per gene. The software outputs a PDF report and publication-ready table and figure files. As a use case, we provide RP-REP results for a dengue virus study that tested cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum cellular fractions of human Huh7 cells pre-infection and at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 40 h post-infection. Case study results, Ubuntu installation scripts, and the most recent RP-REP source code are accessible at
GitHub. The cloud-ready AMI is available at
AWS (AMI ID: RPREP RSEQREP (Ribosome Profiling and RNA-Seq Reports) v2.1 (ami-00b92f52d763145d3)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis L. Jensen
- The Emmes Company, 401 North Washington Street, Suite 700, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - William F. Hooper
- The Emmes Company, 401 North Washington Street, Suite 700, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Sami R. Cherikh
- The Emmes Company, 401 North Washington Street, Suite 700, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Johannes B. Goll
- The Emmes Company, 401 North Washington Street, Suite 700, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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9
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Maner-Smith KM, Goll JB, Khadka M, Jensen TL, Colucci JK, Gelber CE, Albert CJ, Bosinger SE, Franke JD, Natrajan M, Rouphael N, Johnson RA, Sanz P, Anderson EJ, Hoft DF, Mulligan MJ, Ford DA, Ortlund EA. Alterations in the Human Plasma Lipidome in Response to Tularemia Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030414. [PMID: 32722213 PMCID: PMC7564507 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tularemia is a highly infectious and contagious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. To better understand human response to a live-attenuated tularemia vaccine and the biological pathways altered post-vaccination, healthy adults were vaccinated, and plasma was collected pre- and post-vaccination for longitudinal lipidomics studies. Using tandem mass spectrometry, we fully characterized individual lipid species within predominant lipid classes to identify changes in the plasma lipidome during the vaccine response. Separately, we targeted oxylipins, a subset of lipid mediators involved in inflammatory pathways. We identified 14 differentially abundant lipid species from eight lipid classes. These included 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) which is indicative of lipoxygenase activity and, subsequently, inflammation. Results suggest that 5-HETE was metabolized to a dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHET) by day 7 post-vaccination, shedding light on the kinetics of the 5-HETE-mediated inflammatory response. In addition to 5-HETE and DHET, we observed pronounced changes in 34:1 phosphatidylinositol, anandamide, oleamide, ceramides, 16:1 cholesteryl ester, and other glycerophospholipids; several of these changes in abundance were correlated with serum cytokines and T cell activation. These data provide new insights into alterations in plasma lipidome post-tularemia vaccination, potentially identifying key mediators and pathways involved in vaccine response and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristal M. Maner-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.M.M.-S.); (M.K.); (J.K.C.)
| | - Johannes B. Goll
- The Emmes Company, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (J.B.G.); (T.L.J.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Manoj Khadka
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.M.M.-S.); (M.K.); (J.K.C.)
| | - Travis L. Jensen
- The Emmes Company, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (J.B.G.); (T.L.J.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Jennifer K. Colucci
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.M.M.-S.); (M.K.); (J.K.C.)
| | - Casey E. Gelber
- The Emmes Company, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (J.B.G.); (T.L.J.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Carolyn J. Albert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; (C.J.A.); (J.D.F.)
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (M.N.); (N.R.); (E.J.A.); (M.J.M.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| | - Jacob D. Franke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; (C.J.A.); (J.D.F.)
| | - Muktha Natrajan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (M.N.); (N.R.); (E.J.A.); (M.J.M.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nadine Rouphael
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (M.N.); (N.R.); (E.J.A.); (M.J.M.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Robert A. Johnson
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC 20201, USA;
| | - Patrick Sanz
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Evan J. Anderson
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (M.N.); (N.R.); (E.J.A.); (M.J.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Daniel F. Hoft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
| | - Mark J. Mulligan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (M.N.); (N.R.); (E.J.A.); (M.J.M.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, and New York University (NYU) Langone Vaccine Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David A. Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; (C.J.A.); (J.D.F.)
- Correspondence: (D.A.F.); (E.A.O.); Tel.: +314-977-9264 (D.A.F.); +404-727-5014 (E.A.O.)
| | - Eric A. Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.M.M.-S.); (M.K.); (J.K.C.)
- Correspondence: (D.A.F.); (E.A.O.); Tel.: +314-977-9264 (D.A.F.); +404-727-5014 (E.A.O.)
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Goll JB, Li S, Edwards JL, Bosinger SE, Jensen TL, Wang Y, Hooper WF, Gelber CE, Sanders KL, Anderson EJ, Rouphael N, Natrajan MS, Johnson RA, Sanz P, Hoft D, Mulligan MJ. Transcriptomic and Metabolic Responses to a Live-Attenuated Francisella tularensis Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030412. [PMID: 32722194 PMCID: PMC7563297 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response to live-attenuated Francisella tularensis vaccine and its host evasion mechanisms are incompletely understood. Using RNA-Seq and LC–MS on samples collected pre-vaccination and at days 1, 2, 7, and 14 post-vaccination, we identified differentially expressed genes in PBMCs, metabolites in serum, enriched pathways, and metabolites that correlated with T cell and B cell responses, or gene expression modules. While an early activation of interferon α/β signaling was observed, several innate immune signaling pathways including TLR, TNF, NF-κB, and NOD-like receptor signaling and key inflammatory cytokines such as Il-1α, Il-1β, and TNF typically activated following infection were suppressed. The NF-κB pathway was the most impacted and the likely route of attack. Plasma cells, immunoglobulin, and B cell signatures were evident by day 7. MHC I antigen presentation was more actively up-regulated first followed by MHC II which coincided with the emergence of humoral immune signatures. Metabolomics analysis showed that glycolysis and TCA cycle-related metabolites were perturbed including a decline in pyruvate. Correlation networks that provide hypotheses on the interplay between changes in innate immune, T cell, and B cell gene expression signatures and metabolites are provided. Results demonstrate the utility of transcriptomics and metabolomics for better understanding molecular mechanisms of vaccine response and potential host–pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes B. Goll
- The Emmes Company, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (J.B.G.); (T.L.J.); (W.F.H.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Shuzhao Li
- Departments of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (S.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - James L. Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO 63103, USA; (J.L.E.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Secret Path, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA;
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (N.R.); (M.S.N.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| | - Travis L. Jensen
- The Emmes Company, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (J.B.G.); (T.L.J.); (W.F.H.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Yating Wang
- Departments of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (S.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - William F. Hooper
- The Emmes Company, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (J.B.G.); (T.L.J.); (W.F.H.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Casey E. Gelber
- The Emmes Company, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (J.B.G.); (T.L.J.); (W.F.H.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Katherine L. Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO 63103, USA; (J.L.E.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Evan J. Anderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Nadine Rouphael
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (N.R.); (M.S.N.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Muktha S. Natrajan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (N.R.); (M.S.N.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Robert A. Johnson
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC 20201, USA;
| | - Patrick Sanz
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Daniel Hoft
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
| | - Mark J. Mulligan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, and New York University (NYU) Langone Vaccine Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-212-263-9410; Fax: +1-646-501-4645
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11
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Ross SA, Pati P, Jensen TL, Goll JB, Gelber CE, Singh A, McNeal M, Boppana SB, Bernstein DI. Cytomegalovirus Genetic Diversity Following Primary Infection. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:715-720. [PMID: 31593588 PMCID: PMC7026889 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with multiple cytomegalovirus (CMV) strains (mixed infection) was reported in a variety of hosts. As the virus genetic diversity in primary CMV infection and the changes over time remain incompletely defined, we examined CMV diversity and changes in diversity over time in healthy adolescent females who participated in a phase 2 CMV gB/MF59 vaccine trial. METHODS CMV genetic diversity was determined by genotyping of 5 genes-gB (UL55), gH (UL75), gN (UL73), US28, and UL144-in urine, saliva, and plasma samples from 15 study subjects. RESULTS At the time of primary infection, 5 of 12 (42%) urine samples had multiple virus strains, and 50% of vaccine recipients were infected with gB1 genotype (vaccine strain). Mixed infection was documented in all 15 subjects within 3 months after primary infection, and the majority had different CMV genotypes in different compartments. Changes in genotypes over time were observed in all subjects. CONCLUSIONS Infection with multiple CMV genotypes was common during primary infection and further diversification occurred over time. Infection with gB1 genotype in vaccine recipients suggests a lack of strain-specific protection from the vaccine. As only 5 polymorphic genes were assessed, this study likely underestimated the true genetic diversity in primary CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon A Ross
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Pravasini Pati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | | | | | - Amy Singh
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Monica McNeal
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Suresh B Boppana
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David I Bernstein
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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12
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Howard LM, Goll JB, Jensen TL, Hoek KL, Prasad N, Gelber CE, Levy SE, Joyce S, Link AJ, Creech CB, Edwards KM. AS03-Adjuvanted H5N1 Avian Influenza Vaccine Modulates Early Innate Immune Signatures in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. J Infect Dis 2019; 219:1786-1798. [PMID: 30566602 PMCID: PMC6500554 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjuvant System 03 (AS03) markedly enhances responses to influenza A/H5N1 vaccines, but the mechanisms of this enhancement are incompletely understood. METHODS Using ribonucleic acid sequencing on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from AS03-adjuvanted and unadjuvanted inactivated H5N1 vaccine recipients, we identified differentially expressed genes, enriched pathways, and genes that correlated with serologic responses. We compared bulk PBMC findings with our previously published assessments of flow-sorted immune cell types. RESULTS AS03-adjuvanted vaccine induced the strongest differential signals on day 1 postvaccination, activating multiple innate immune pathways including interferon and JAK-STAT signaling, Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-mediated phagocytosis, and antigen processing and presentation. Changes in signal transduction and immunoglobulin genes predicted peak hemagglutinin inhibition (HAI) titers. Compared with individual immune cell types, activated PBMC genes and pathways were most similar to innate immune cells. However, several pathways were unique to PBMCs, and several pathways identified in individual cell types were absent in PBMCs. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptomic analysis of PBMCs after AS03-adjuvanted H5N1 vaccination revealed early activation of innate immune signaling, including a 5- to 8-fold upregulation of FcγR1A/1B/1C genes. Several early gene responses were correlated with HAI titer, indicating links with the adaptive immune response. Although PBMCs and cell-specific results shared key innate immune signals, unique signals were identified by both approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh M Howard
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Kristen L Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nripesh Prasad
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama
| | | | - Shawn E Levy
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama
| | - Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville
| | - Andrew J Link
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - C Buddy Creech
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kathryn M Edwards
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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13
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Jensen TL, Frasketi M, Conway K, Villarroel L, Hill H, Krampis K, Goll JB. RSEQREP: RNA-Seq Reports, an open-source cloud-enabled framework for reproducible RNA-Seq data processing, analysis, and result reporting. F1000Res 2017; 6:2162. [PMID: 30026912 PMCID: PMC6039931 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.13049.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-Seq is increasingly being used to measure human RNA expression on a genome-wide scale. Expression profiles can be interrogated to identify and functionally characterize treatment-responsive genes. Ultimately, such controlled studies promise to reveal insights into molecular mechanisms of treatment effects, identify biomarkers, and realize personalized medicine. RNA-Seq Reports (RSEQREP) is a new open-source cloud-enabled framework that allows users to execute start-to-end gene-level RNA-Seq analysis on a preconfigured RSEQREP Amazon Virtual Machine Image (AMI) hosted by AWS or on their own Ubuntu Linux machine via a Docker container or installation script. The framework works with unstranded, stranded, and paired-end sequence FASTQ files stored locally, on Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3), or at the Sequence Read Archive (SRA). RSEQREP automatically executes a series of customizable steps including reference alignment, CRAM compression, reference alignment QC, data normalization, multivariate data visualization, identification of differentially expressed genes, heatmaps, co-expressed gene clusters, enriched pathways, and a series of custom visualizations. The framework outputs a file collection that includes a dynamically generated PDF report using R, knitr, and LaTeX, as well as publication-ready table and figure files. A user-friendly configuration file handles sample metadata entry, processing, analysis, and reporting options. The configuration supports time series RNA-Seq experimental designs with at least one pre- and one post-treatment sample for each subject, as well as multiple treatment groups and specimen types. All RSEQREP analyses components are built using open-source R code and R/Bioconductor packages allowing for further customization. As a use case, we provide RSEQREP results for a trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) RNA-Seq study that collected 1 pre-TIV and 10 post-TIV vaccination samples (days 1-10) for 5 subjects and two specimen types (peripheral blood mononuclear cells and B-cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis L Jensen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Department , The Emmes Corporation, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Kevin Conway
- IT Operations, The Emmes Corporation, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Heather Hill
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Department , The Emmes Corporation, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Konstantinos Krampis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johannes B Goll
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Department , The Emmes Corporation, Rockville, MD, USA
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14
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Galassie AC, Goll JB, Samir P, Jensen TL, Hoek KL, Howard LM, Allos TM, Niu X, Gordy LE, Creech CB, Hill H, Joyce S, Edwards KM, Link AJ. Proteomics show antigen presentation processes in human immune cells after AS03-H5N1 vaccination. Proteomics 2017; 17. [PMID: 28508465 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvants enhance immunity elicited by vaccines through mechanisms that are poorly understood. Using a systems biology approach, we investigated temporal protein expression changes in five primary human immune cell populations: neutrophils, monocytes, natural killer cells, T cells, and B cells after administration of either an Adjuvant System 03 adjuvanted or unadjuvanted split-virus H5N1 influenza vaccine. Monocytes demonstrated the strongest differential signal between vaccine groups. On day 3 post-vaccination, several antigen presentation-related pathways, including MHC class I-mediated antigen processing and presentation, were enriched in monocytes and neutrophils and expression of HLA class I proteins was increased in the Adjuvant System 03 group. We identified several protein families whose proteomic responses predicted seroprotective antibody responses (>1:40 hemagglutination inhibition titer), including inflammation and oxidative stress proteins at day 1 as well as immunoproteasome subunit (PSME1 and PSME2) and HLA class I proteins at day 3 in monocytes. While comparison between temporal proteomic and transcriptomic results showed little overlap overall, enrichment of the MHC class I antigen processing and presentation pathway in monocytes and neutrophils was confirmed by both approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Parimal Samir
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Kristen L Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Leigh M Howard
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tara M Allos
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xinnan Niu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Laura E Gordy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C Buddy Creech
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kathryn M Edwards
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew J Link
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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15
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Galassie AC, Goll JB, Samir P, Jensen TL, Hoek KL, Howard LM, Allos TM, Niu X, Gordy LE, Creech CB, Hill H, Joyce S, Edwards KM, Link AJ. Front Cover: Proteomics show antigen presentation processes in human immune cells after AS03-H5N1 vaccination. Proteomics 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201770101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Howard LM, Hoek KL, Goll JB, Samir P, Galassie A, Allos TM, Niu X, Gordy LE, Creech CB, Prasad N, Jensen TL, Hill H, Levy SE, Joyce S, Link AJ, Edwards KM. Cell-Based Systems Biology Analysis of Human AS03-Adjuvanted H5N1 Avian Influenza Vaccine Responses: A Phase I Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0167488. [PMID: 28099485 PMCID: PMC5242433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccine development for influenza A/H5N1 is an important public health priority, but H5N1 vaccines are less immunogenic than seasonal influenza vaccines. Adjuvant System 03 (AS03) markedly enhances immune responses to H5N1 vaccine antigens, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Objective and Methods We compared the safety (primary endpoint), immunogenicity (secondary), gene expression (tertiary) and cytokine responses (exploratory) between AS03-adjuvanted and unadjuvanted inactivated split-virus H5N1 influenza vaccines. In a double-blinded clinical trial, we randomized twenty adults aged 18–49 to receive two doses of either AS03-adjuvanted (n = 10) or unadjuvanted (n = 10) H5N1 vaccine 28 days apart. We used a systems biology approach to characterize and correlate changes in serum cytokines, antibody titers, and gene expression levels in six immune cell types at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days after the first vaccination. Results Both vaccines were well-tolerated. Nine of 10 subjects in the adjuvanted group and 0/10 in the unadjuvanted group exhibited seroprotection (hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer > 1:40) at day 56. Within 24 hours of AS03-adjuvanted vaccination, increased serum levels of IL-6 and IP-10 were noted. Interferon signaling and antigen processing and presentation-related gene responses were induced in dendritic cells, monocytes, and neutrophils. Upregulation of MHC class II antigen presentation-related genes was seen in neutrophils. Three days after AS03-adjuvanted vaccine, upregulation of genes involved in cell cycle and division was detected in NK cells and correlated with serum levels of IP-10. Early upregulation of interferon signaling-related genes was also found to predict seroprotection 56 days after first vaccination. Conclusions Using this cell-based systems approach, novel mechanisms of action for AS03-adjuvanted pandemic influenza vaccination were observed. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01573312
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh M. Howard
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Kristen L. Hoek
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | | | - Parimal Samir
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Allison Galassie
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Tara M. Allos
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Xinnan Niu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Laura E. Gordy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - C. Buddy Creech
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Nripesh Prasad
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology; Huntsville, AL, United States of America
| | | | - Heather Hill
- The Emmes Corporation, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Shawn E. Levy
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology; Huntsville, AL, United States of America
| | - Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. Link
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KME); (AJL)
| | - Kathryn M. Edwards
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KME); (AJL)
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17
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Abstract
Fasting of mice is a common procedure performed in association with many different types of experiments mainly in order to reduce variability in investigatory parameters or to facilitate surgical procedures. However, the effects of fasting not directly related to the investigatory parameters are often ignored. The aim of this review is to present and summarize knowledge about the effects of fasting of mice to facilitate optimization of the fasting procedure for any given study and thereby maximize the scientific outcome and minimize the discomfort for the mice and hence ensure high animal welfare. The results are presented from a number of experimental studies, providing evidence for fasting-induced changes in hormone balance, body weight, metabolism, hepatic enzymes, cardiovascular parameters, body temperature and toxicological responses. A description of relevant normal behaviour and standard physiological parameters is given, concluding that mice are primarily nocturnal and consume two-thirds of their total food intake during the night. It is argued that overnight fasting of mice is not comparable with overnight fasting of humans because the mouse has a nocturnal circadian rhythm and a higher metabolic rate. It is suggested that because many physiological parameters are regulated by circadian rhythms, fasting initiated at different points in the circadian rhythm has different impacts and produces different results.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Jensen
- Novo Nordisk, Animal Unit, Maaloev, Denmark
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18
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Ge Y, Jensen TL, Tatman DA, Stout ML, Buck SA, Ravindranath Y, Matherly LH, Taub JW. Role of USF1 in the differential expression of the human deoxycytidine kinase gene in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2005; 19:677-9. [PMID: 15729384 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Haderlein L, Jensen TL, Dowbenko RE, Blaylock AD. Controlled release urea as a nitrogen source for spring wheat in Western Canada: yield, grain N content, and N use efficiency. ScientificWorldJournal 2001; 1 Suppl 2:114-21. [PMID: 12805867 PMCID: PMC6084259 DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2001.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled release nitrogen (N) fertilizers have been commonly used in horticultural applications such as turf grasses and container-grown woody perennials. Agrium, a major N manufacturer in North and South America, is developing a low-cost controlled release urea (CRU) product for use in field crops such as grain corn, canola, wheat, and other small grain cereals. From 1998 to 2000, 11 field trials were conducted across western Canada to determine if seed-placed CRU could maintain crop yields and increase grain N and N use efficiency when compared to the practice of side-banding of urea N fertilizer. CRU was designed to release timely and adequate, but not excessive, amounts of N to the crop. Crop uptake of N from seed-placed CRU was sufficient to provide yields similar to those of side-banded urea N. Grain N concentrations of the CRU treatments were higher, on average, than those from side-banded urea, resulting in 4.2% higher N use efficiency across the entire N application range from 25 to 100 kg ha(-1). Higher levels of removal of N in grain from CRU compared to side-banded urea can result in less residual N remaining in the soil, and limit the possibility of N losses due to denitrification and leaching.
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20
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Hanks AR, Brunner CA, Hargesheimer EE, Jackson ER, Jensen TL, Ross F, Slahck SC. Fellows Committee. J AOAC Int 1997. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/80.1.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Hanks
- Purdue University, Office of the Indiana State Chemist, 1154 Biochemistry Building, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1154, USA
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21
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Cottingham B, Borst I, Campbell PO, DeVries J, Gallagher K, Ho IP, Jensen TL, Koenig E, MacLean DB, McCully KA, Mookherjae S, Polywacz J, Rajan J, Williams A, Wolf WR, Wong WK. Laboratory Quality Assurance Committee. J AOAC Int 1996. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/79.1.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Siewierski M, Bianchi RP, Burchat CS, Ellefson W, Jensen TL, Klesta EJ, Leroux PA, Martlbauer E, Mayers DJ, Ross PF, Whalen ML. Annual Meeting Program Committee. J AOAC Int 1996. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/79.1.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Siewierski
- Rutgers University, Cook College, Department of Environmental Services, PO Box 231, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
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23
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Abstract
We have used an in vitro assay to study the induction of DNA synthesis by cytoplasmic extracts from the actively growing cell line Molt 4 in nuclei isolated from quiescent human lymphocytes. The TTP incorporation which takes place in these nuclei has been shown to be inhibitable by serine protease inhibitors, particularly aprotinin. This DNA synthesis has also been proposed to reflect the initiation of true DNA replication; however, we find evidence that much, if not most, of this incorporation is due to nonreplicative synthesis initiated on primer templates formed by calcium-dependent activation of the nuclear chromatin substrate. The principal DNA polymerase supplied by the Molt 4 extract appears to be polymerase alpha and the results show that the activated chromatin is a substrate for purified bacterial DNA polymerases. DNA synthesis is significantly enhanced by preincubation at 37 degrees C in the presence of calcium, and the almost complete inhibition of DNA synthesis induced by extracts or bacterial polymerases in the presence of T4 ligase suggests that this chromatin activation involves calcium-dependent endonucleases. Nevertheless, DNA synthesis in the isolated nuclei, with both Molt 4 extracts and bacterial polymerases, is substantially inhibited by addition of serine protease inhibitors, with aprotinin the most potent of those tested on a molar basis. Thus, the results suggest that specific proteolytic activity is required before nicked or damaged nuclear DNA can serve as an acceptable substrate for DNA polymerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Jensen
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455
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24
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Abstract
The hypothesis that decreased T cell function in the elderly involves an increased number of less differentiated T cells was examined. Three markers known to change during thymocyte development were analyzed; ratio of adenosine deaminase (ADA) to purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), lactate dehydrogenase (LD) H/M subunit ratios and the T cell associated antigens, T3, T4, T8 and T10. Cells tested were from 10 old (greater than 75 years) and 10 young (less than 35 years) persons with equal numbers of males and females in each group. Before analysis, cells were purified into three groups; unfractionated, and monocyte depleted T cell and B cell enriched populations. Results for ADA/PNP ratios showed no significant differences between old and young in any of the fractions analyzed. H/M ratios however, were significantly reduced in all three fractions from old donors when compared with young. Surface marker distribution pattern as illustrated by the T3 - (T4 + T8) difference was lower in samples from old donors but not significantly so. There was a very significant reduction in percent cells positive for T3 in all three fractions from old persons. Although some of the changes seen in these markers could be due to a failure of normal differentiation, they could also be caused by the general phenomenon of altered gene expression known to occur with advanced age in a variety of non-lymphoid cells. The absence of any difference in the ADA/PNP ratio suggests that T cell dysfunction in the elderly may not be due to increased numbers of less differentiated cells as a result of thymic involution.
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25
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Morris HF, Bradford HB, Brignac PC, Counts J, Donovan J, Ferrara PB, Gardner A, Hines W, Jensen TL, Kapish J, Katz SE, Lewis D, McDaniel D, Padmore J, Rexroad PR, Rhodes M, Schreiber ML, Speth R, Thorpe V, Tischelaar G, Torma L. Report of the Committee on State and Provincial Participation. J AOAC Int 1984. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/67.2.446a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herschel F Morris
- Louisiana Department of Agriculture, University Station, Box 16390-A, Baton Rouge, LA 70893
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26
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Lofsness KG, Jensen TL. The preparation of simulated spinal fluid for teaching purposes. Am J Med Technol 1983; 49:493-6. [PMID: 6624784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A simulated spinal fluid can be prepared by adding red and white blood cells and bovine serum albumin to a commercially available balanced salt solution. Using this preparation as a substitute for actual cerebrospinal fluid enables teachers to provide adequate quantities of microscopically positive fluid, and at the same time eliminates the danger of potential contamination. The appearance of the red and white cells, both in the hemocytometer and in a centrifuged and stained preparation, is realistic. This simulated spinal fluid is useful in teaching not only cell counting and identification techniques, but also total protein and glucose analyses. The method for preparing this solution is simple, inexpensive, and requires only equipment that is readily available to the teaching laboratory.
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Moore HP, Cobb WY, Hankin L, Hook JD, Jensen TL, Kapish J, Katz SE, Kilpatrick GW, McDaniel D, Muentener D, Padmore J, Rexroad PR, Rhodes M, Schreiber ML, Tichelaar G, Torma L, Whittier P. Report of the Committee on State and Provincial Participation. J AOAC Int 1981. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/64.2.466a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Howard P Moore
- Ohio Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, Feed and Fertilizer Section, Reynoldsburg, OH 43068
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