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Gudla B, Orlofske SA, Brant SV, Tkach VV, Dubay S, Holtz L, Achatz TJ. TAXONOMIC REASSESSMENT AND MORPHOLOGICAL REDESCRIPTION OF NEMATOSTRIGEA SERPENS ANNULATA (DIGENEA: STRIGEIDAE) FROM OSPREY IN NORTH AMERICA. J Parasitol 2023; 109:550-558. [PMID: 38018747 DOI: 10.1645/23-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Digenean trematodes in the strigeid genus Nematostrigea are parasites of various birds, most often ospreys (Pandion haliaetus). Nematostrigea currently contains 2 species, Nematostrigea serpens and Nematostigea hepatica. Nematostrigea serpens is divided into 2 subspecies: N. serpens serpens from the Palearctic and Indomalayan realms and N. serpens annulata from the Nearctic realm. In the present work, we studied the type material of N. serpens annulata and collected new specimens from an osprey in Wisconsin close to the type locality. The original description and illustration of N. serpens annulata were incomplete. Herein we provide a detailed redescription and new illustrations of N. serpens annulata on the basis of the type material as well as newly collected and sequenced specimens. Nematostrigea serpens annulata has a distinct tegumental thickening near the mid-length of the genital cone, which is absent in its congeners. Partial sequences of the large ribosomal subunit (28S) DNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) mitochondrial DNA gene sequences were generated from our specimens of N. serpens annulata. Comparisons with previously published sequences of N. serpens serpens from the Palearctic demonstrated 2.2% difference in 28S and 3.7% in COI. On the basis of morphological and molecular comparisons, we elevate N. serpens annulata to species status and recognize it as Nematostrigea annulata Dubois and Rausch, 1948.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharani Gudla
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middle Georgia State University, Macon, Georgia 31206
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Sarah A Orlofske
- Department of Biology and Museum of Natural History, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Stevens Point, Wisconsin 54481
| | - Sara V Brant
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, Division of Parasites, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Vasyl V Tkach
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Shelli Dubay
- College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2100 Main Street, Stevens Point, Wisconsin 54481
| | - Lauren Holtz
- College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2100 Main Street, Stevens Point, Wisconsin 54481
| | - Tyler J Achatz
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middle Georgia State University, Macon, Georgia 31206
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Achatz TJ, Burkman CA, Fecchio A, Pulis EE, Tkach VV. Description and Phylogenetic Relationships of Anhingatrema n. gen. (Digenea: Diplostomidae) with Two New Species from New World Anhingas (Aves: Anhingidae). Acta Parasitol 2023; 68:159-171. [PMID: 36456776 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Diplostomidae is a globally distributed family of digeneans that parasitize a wide variety of tetrapod definitive hosts. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed unknown diplostomid diversity in avian hosts throughout the New World. Herein, we provide descriptions of a novel genus of diplostomids with two new species. METHODS Two species of diplostomids belonging to the new genus were collected from anhinga birds in Mississippi (USA) and Brazil. Partial nuclear 28S ribosomal and mitochondrial cox1 genes were sequenced. Ribosomal data were used for phylogenetic inference. RESULTS Both species of Anhingatrema n. gen. were positioned in a 100% supported, monophyletic clade in the phylogenetic tree. The molecular phylogenetic position and a combination of morphological features (e.g., presence of pseudosuckers, testes shape and orientation) supported erection of the new genus. Anhingatrema overstreeti n. sp. and Anhingatrema cararai n. sp. are morphologically similar, but differ in size of and ratios associated with pseudosuckers. The two species differ by 2% of 28S sequences and 13.8% of cox1 sequences. Comparison of DNA sequences revealed that Diplostomidae gen. sp. in GenBank (MZ314151) is conspecific with An. overstreeti n. sp. CONCLUSION Anhingatrema n. gen. is the sixth genus of diplostomids known from anhingas worldwide. Anhingatrema cararai n. sp. is the first diplostomid to be reported from anhingas in South America. Combined with previous studies, the molecular phylogenies revealed at least two host switches to anhingas from other birds during the evolutionary history of the Diplostomidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Achatz
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middle Georgia State University, Macon, GA, 31206, USA
| | - Clara A Burkman
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Alan Fecchio
- Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Eric E Pulis
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Northern State University, Aberdeen, SD, 57401, USA
| | - Vasyl V Tkach
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA.
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Achatz TJ, Martens JR, Kudlai O, Junker K, Boe NW, Tkach VV. A New Genus of Diplostomids (Digenea: Diplostomoidea) from the Nile Crocodile in South Africa with a Key to Diplostomid Genera. J Parasitol 2022; 108:453-466. [DOI: 10.1645/22-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Achatz
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Jakson R. Martens
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Olena Kudlai
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos, 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kerstin Junker
- Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Nicholas W. Boe
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Vasyl V. Tkach
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
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Achatz TJ, Chermak TP, Martens JR, Woodyard ET, Rosser TG, Pulis EE, Weinstein SB, Mcallister CT, Kinsella JM, Tkach VV. Molecular phylogeny supports invalidation of Didelphodiplostomum and Pharyngostomoides (Digenea: Diplostomidae) and reveals a Tylodelphys from mammals. Zool J Linn Soc 2022; 196:124-136. [PMID: 36051981 PMCID: PMC9416008 DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Alaria, Didelphodiplostomum and Pharyngostomoides are among genera of diplostomid digeneans known to parasitize mammalian definitive hosts. Despite numerous recent molecular phylogenetic studies of diplostomids, limited DNA sequence data is available from diplostomids parasitic in mammals. Herein, we provide the first 28S rDNA and cox1 mtDNA sequences from morphologically identified, adult specimens of Didelphodiplostomum and Pharyngostomoides. Newly generated 28S sequences were used to infer the phylogenetic interrelationships of these two genera among other major lineages of diplostomoideans. The phylogeny based on 28S and a review of morphology clearly suggests that Pharyngostomoides should be considered a junior synonym of Alaria, while Didelphodiplostomum should be considered a junior synonym of Tylodelphys. Pharyngostomoides procyonis (type species), Pharyngostomoides adenocephala and Pharyngostomoides dasyuri were transferred into Alaria as Alaria procyonis comb. nov., Alaria adenocephala comb. nov. and Alaria dasyuri comb. nov.; Didelphodiplostomum variabile (type species) and Didelphodiplostomum nunezae were transferred into Tylodelphys as Tylodelphys variabilis comb. nov. and Tylodelphys nunezae comb. nov. In addition, Alaria ovalis comb. nov. (formerly included in Pharyngostomoides) was restored and transferred into Alaria based on a morphological study of well-fixed, adult specimens and the comparison of cox1 DNA sequences among Alaria spp. The diplostomid genus Parallelorchis was restored based on review of morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Achatz
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, North Dakota, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middle Georgia State University, Macon, GA 31206, Georgia, USA
| | - Taylor P Chermak
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, North Dakota, USA
| | - Jakson R Martens
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, North Dakota, USA
| | - Ethan T Woodyard
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, Mississippi, USA
| | - Thomas G Rosser
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, Mississippi, USA
| | - Eric E Pulis
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Northern State University, Aberdeen, SD 57401, South Dakota, USA
| | - Sara B Weinstein
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, Utah, USA
| | - Chris T Mcallister
- Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, OK 74745, Oklahoma, USA
| | - John M Kinsella
- Helm West Laboratory, 2108 Hilda Avenue, Missoula, MT 59801, Montana, USA
| | - Vasyl V Tkach
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, North Dakota, USA
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Achatz TJ, Chermak TP, Junker K, Tkach VV. Integration of morphological and molecular data reveals further unknown diversity of the Proterodiplostomidae in crocodilians. SYST BIODIVERS 2022; 20:1-18. [PMID: 36970113 PMCID: PMC10035586 DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2051212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The Proterodiplostomidae Dubois, 1936 is a family of digeneans within the superfamily Diplostomoidea Poirier, 1886. Members of the family are distributed mostly in the tropics and subtropics, primarily in crocodilians, although some species are known from other reptiles. Despite their broad geographical distribution, the knowledge of proterodiplostomid diversity remains limited, mostly because a number of potential host species and regions of the world have not been sufficiently explored for these parasites. In this study, we use morphological and molecular data to describe four new genera (Afroproterodiplostomum gen. nov., Dungalabatrema gen. nov., Australiadiplostomum gen. nov. and Nattererodiplostomum gen. nov.) and five new species (Afroproterodiplostomum ingwenyae sp. nov., Australiadiplostomum blairi sp. nov., Dungalabatrema kostadinovae sp. nov., Dungalabatrema snyderi sp. nov. and Pseudoneodiplostomum angustus sp. nov.) of proterodiplostomids from crocodilians in Australia, South Africa and South America. Nattererodiplostomum gen. nov. has been established upon re-evaluation of the status of Proterodiplostomum medusae (Dubois, 1936) from caimans in Brazil using combined morphological and molecular evidence. Only a few previous studies provided DNA sequence data of proterodiplostomids. We generated partial 28S rDNA and cytochrome c subunit (cox1) mtDNA for three previously undescribed proterodiplostomids collected from Crocodylus spp. in Australia and South Africa. The newly generated 28S sequences were used to examine phylogenetic affinities of these taxa. All three newly sequenced proterodiplostomid species appeared in the phylogenetic tree in a strongly supported monophyletic clade comprising exclusively parasites of Crocodylus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Achatz
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, 58202, North Dakota, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middle Georgia State University, Macon, 31206, Georgia, USA
| | - Taylor P. Chermak
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, 58202, North Dakota, USA
| | - Kerstin Junker
- National Collection of Animal Helminths, Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, ARC‐Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Vasyl V. Tkach
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, 58202, North Dakota, USA
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Achatz TJ, Pulis EE, Woodyard ET, Rosser TG, Martens JR, Weinstein SB, Fecchio A, McAllister CT, Carrión Bonilla C, Tkach VV. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Neodiplostomum and Fibricola (Digenea, Diplostomidae) does not support host-based systematics. Parasitology 2022; 149:542-554. [PMID: 35042575 PMCID: PMC8976946 DOI: 10.1017/s003118202100216x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fibricola and Neodiplostomum are diplostomid genera with very similar morphology that are currently separated based on their definitive hosts. Fibricola spp. are normally found in mammals, while Neodiplostomum spp. typically parasitize birds. Previously, no DNA sequence data was available for any member of Fibricola. We generated nuclear ribosomal and mtDNA sequences of Fibricola cratera (type-species), Fibricola lucidum and 6 species of Neodiplostomum. DNA sequences were used to examine phylogenetic interrelationships among Fibricola and Neodiplostomum and re-evaluate their systematics. Molecular phylogenies and morphological study suggest that Fibricola should be considered a junior synonym of Neodiplostomum. Therefore, we synonymize the two genera and transfer all members of Fibricola into Neodiplostomum. Specimens morphologically identified as Neodiplostomum cratera belonged to 3 distinct phylogenetic clades based on mitochondrial data. One of those clades also included sequences of specimens identified morphologically as Neodiplostomum lucidum. Further study is necessary to resolve the situation regarding the morphology of N. cratera. Our results demonstrated that some DNA sequences of N. americanum available in GenBank originate from misidentified Neodiplostomum banghami. Molecular phylogentic data revealed at least 2 independent host-switching events between avian and mammalian hosts in the evolutionary history of Neodiplostomum; however, the directionality of these host-switching events remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Achatz
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota58202, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middle Georgia State University, Macon, Georgia31206, USA
| | - Eric E. Pulis
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Northern State University, Aberdeen, South Dakota57401, USA
| | - Ethan T. Woodyard
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi39762, USA
| | - Thomas G. Rosser
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi39762, USA
| | - Jakson R. Martens
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota58202, USA
| | - Sara B. Weinstein
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah84112, USA
| | - Alan Fecchio
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso78060900, Brazil
| | - Chris T. McAllister
- Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, Oklahoma74745, USA
| | | | - Vasyl V. Tkach
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota58202, USA
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Fernandes TF, dos Santos JN, de Vasconcelos Melo FT, Achatz TJ, McAllister CT, Bonilla CC, Tkach VV. Phylogenetic relationships of Ochoterenatrema Caballero, 1943 (Digenea: Lecithodendriidae) with descriptions of two new species. Parasitol Int 2022; 89:102575. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Achatz TJ, Chermak TP, Martens JR, Pulis EE, Fecchio A, Bell JA, Greiman SE, Cromwell KJ, Brant SV, Kent ML, Tkach VV. Unravelling the diversity of the Crassiphialinae (Digenea: Diplostomidae) with molecular phylogeny and descriptions of five new species. Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis 2021; 1:100051. [PMID: 35284861 PMCID: PMC8906103 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Crassiphialinae Sudarikov, 1960 is a large subfamily of the Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886 with a complex taxonomic history. It includes a diversity of species parasitic in the intestines of avian and mammalian definitive hosts worldwide. Posthodiplostomum Dubois, 1936 is a large and broadly distributed crassiphialine genus notorious for its association with diseases in their fish second intermediate hosts. In this study, we generated partial 28S rDNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) mtDNA gene sequences of digeneans belonging to seven crassiphialine genera. The 28S sequences were used to study the interrelationships among crassiphialines and their placement among other major diplostomoidean lineages. Our molecular phylogenetic analysis and review of morphology does not support subfamilies currently recognized in the Diplostomidae; therefore, we abandon the current subfamily system of the Diplostomidae. Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest the synonymy of Posthodiplostomum, Ornithodiplostomum Dubois, 1936 and Mesoophorodiplostomum Dubois, 1936; morphological study of our well-fixed adult specimens and review of literature revealed lack of consistent differences among the three genera. Thus, we synonymize Ornithodiplostomum and Mesoophorodiplostomum with Posthodiplostomum. Our phylogenetic analyses suggest an Old World origin of Posthodiplostomum followed by multiple dispersal events among biogeographic realms. Furthermore, our analyses indicate that the ancestors of these digeneans likely parasitized ardeid definitive hosts. Four new species of Posthodiplostomum collected from birds in the New World as well as one new species of Posthodiplostomoides Williams, 1969 from Uganda are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Achatz
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA,Department of Natural Sciences, Middle Georgia State University, Macon, GA 31206, USA
| | - Taylor P. Chermak
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Jakson R. Martens
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Eric E. Pulis
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Northern State University, Aberdeen, SD 57401, USA
| | - Alan Fecchio
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá 78060900, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey A. Bell
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Stephen E. Greiman
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| | - Kara J. Cromwell
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA,Confluence Ecology, Missoula, MT 59802, USA
| | - Sara V. Brant
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, Division of Parasites, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Michael L. Kent
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Vasyl V. Tkach
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA,Corresponding author.
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Achatz TJ, Bennett DM, Martens JR, Sorensen RE, Nelson RG, Bates KM, Serbina EA, Tkach VV. DESCRIPTION AND PHYLOGENETIC AFFINITIES OF A NEW SPECIES OF NEOPSILOTREMA (DIGENEA: PSILOSTOMIDAE) FROM LESSER SCAUP, AYTHYA AFFINIS (ANSERIFORMES: ANATIDAE). J Parasitol 2021; 107:566-574. [PMID: 34310683 DOI: 10.1645/21-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neopsilotrema is a small genus of psilostomid digeneans parasitic in the intestine of birds in the Palearctic and Nearctic. At present, the genus includes 4 species: Neopsilotrema lisitsynae from the Palearctic and Neopsilotrema affine, Neopsilotrema lakotae, and Neopsilotrema marilae from the Nearctic. Herein, we describe a new species, Neopsilotrema itascae n. sp., from lesser scaup Aythya affinis collected in Minnesota. The species can be distinguished from congeners on the basis of the ventral sucker:oral sucker width ratio, body width:length ratio, and cirrus sac size, along with other characters. We generated new 28S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and NADH dehydrogenase (ND1) mitochondrial DNA sequence data of a variety of psilostomids from the Palearctic and Nearctic along with sequences of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2) from 3 Neopsilotrema species. The molecular phylogenetic affinities of a variety of psilostomid taxa were studied using 28S sequence data. The 28S sequences of psilostomids demonstrated 1-7.9% intergeneric divergence, whereas the sequences of ND1 had 17.7-34.1% intergeneric divergence. The interspecific divergence among members of Neopsilotrema was somewhat lower (0.2-0.5% in 28S; 0.3-0.4% in ITS; 12-15.7% in ND1). Our comparison of DNA sequences along with morphologic study suggests Holarctic distribution of N. lisitsynae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Achatz
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Dana M Bennett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Minnesota State University Mankato, Trafton Science Center S, Mankato, Minnesota 56001
| | - Jakson R Martens
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Robert E Sorensen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Minnesota State University Mankato, Trafton Science Center S, Mankato, Minnesota 56001
| | - Roy G Nelson
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Kimberly M Bates
- Department of Biology, Winona State University, Pasteur Hall, Winona, Minnesota 55987
| | - Elena A Serbina
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Frunze Street, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vasyl V Tkach
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
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Achatz TJ, Brito ES, Fecchio A, Tkach VV. Description and Phylogenetic Position of a New Species of Herpetodiplostomum from Phrynops geoffroanus in Brazil and a Reevaluation of Cheloniodiplostomum. J Parasitol 2021; 107:455-462. [DOI: 10.1645/21-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Achatz
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Elizângela S. Brito
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá 78060-900, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Alan Fecchio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá 78060-900, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Vasyl V. Tkach
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
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Fernandes TF, Dos Santos JN, de Vasconcelos Melo FT, Achatz TJ, Greiman SE, Bonilla CC, Tkach VV. Interrelationships of Anenterotrema (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) from Neotropical bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) with description of a new species from Molossus molossus in Brazil. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:2003-2016. [PMID: 33860845 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Anenterotrema is a small genus of dicrocoeliids (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) containing 6 species found in Neotropical bats. Members of this genus are characterized by the lack of digestive system organs and, unlike the majority of dicrocoeliids, parasitize the intestine of their definitive hosts. In this study, we have morphologically examined newly collected specimens belonging to four species of Anenterotrema from Brazil, Ecuador, and Panama. Based on the data in original descriptions and our analysis of quality new specimens, we resurrected Anenterotrema freitasi, previously synonymized with A. eduardocaballeroi. We also described a new species of Anenterotrema from Molossus molossus in the Brazilian Amazon. The new species differs from congeners in several morphological features, most prominently in the size and structure of its highly muscular, protuberant ventral sucker. It is also characterized by the lack of the semi-circular thickening of the tegument around the oral sucker typical for some members of the genus. We used partial DNA sequences of the large ribosomal subunit gene (28S) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1) to test the monophyly of Anenterotrema, and study the interrelationships and determine the inter- and intraspecific variation of three Anenterotrema spp. collected from different bat species in Brazil, Ecuador and Panama.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayane Ferreira Fernandes
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Helminthology "Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi", Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Av. Augusto Correa 01, Guamá, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Jeannie Nascimento Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Helminthology "Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi", Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Av. Augusto Correa 01, Guamá, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos Melo
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Helminthology "Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi", Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Av. Augusto Correa 01, Guamá, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Tyler J Achatz
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, 10, Cornell Street, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Stephen E Greiman
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, 30460, USA
| | | | - Vasyl V Tkach
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, 10, Cornell Street, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA.
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12
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Johnson P, Calhoun DM, Moss WE, McDevitt-Galles T, Riepe TB, Hallas JM, Parchman TL, Feldman CR, Achatz TJ, Tkach VV, Cropanzano J, Bowerman J, Koprivnikar J. The cost of travel: How dispersal ability limits local adaptation in host-parasite interactions. J Evol Biol 2020; 34:512-524. [PMID: 33314323 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Classical theory suggests that parasites will exhibit higher fitness in sympatric relative to allopatric host populations (local adaptation). However, evidence for local adaptation in natural host-parasite systems is often equivocal, emphasizing the need for infection experiments conducted over realistic geographic scales and comparisons among species with varied life history traits. Here, we used infection experiments to test how two trematode (flatworm) species (Paralechriorchis syntomentera and Ribeiroia ondatrae) with differing dispersal abilities varied in the strength of local adaptation to their amphibian hosts. Both parasites have complex life cycles involving sequential transmission among aquatic snails, larval amphibians and vertebrate definitive hosts that control dispersal across the landscape. By experimentally pairing 26 host-by-parasite population infection combinations from across the western USA with analyses of host and parasite spatial genetic structure, we found that increasing geographic distance-and corresponding increases in host population genetic distance-reduced infection success for P. syntomentera, which is dispersed by snake definitive hosts. For the avian-dispersed R. ondatrae, in contrast, the geographic distance between the parasite and host populations had no influence on infection success. Differences in local adaptation corresponded to parasite genetic structure; although populations of P. syntomentera exhibited ~10% mtDNA sequence divergence, those of R. ondatrae were nearly identical (<0.5%), even across a 900 km range. Taken together, these results offer empirical evidence that high levels of dispersal can limit opportunities for parasites to adapt to local host populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Johnson
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Dana M Calhoun
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Wynne E Moss
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Tawni B Riepe
- Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, CO, USA
| | - Joshua M Hallas
- Department of Biology, and Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Thomas L Parchman
- Department of Biology, and Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Chris R Feldman
- Department of Biology, and Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Tyler J Achatz
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Vasyl V Tkach
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Josh Cropanzano
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Janet Koprivnikar
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Tkach VV, Achatz TJ, Pulis EE, Junker K, Snyder SD, Bell JA, Halajian A, de Vasconcelos Melo FT. Phylogeny and systematics of the Proterodiplostomidae Dubois, 1936 (Digenea: Diplostomoidea) reflect the complex evolutionary history of the ancient digenean group. Syst Parasitol 2020; 97:409-439. [PMID: 32813221 PMCID: PMC7434846 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-020-09928-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Proterodiplostomidae Dubois, 1936 is a relatively small family of diplostomoidean digeneans parasitising the intestines of reptilian hosts associated with freshwater environments in tropical and subtropical regions. The greatest diversity of proterodiplostomids is found in crocodilians, although some parasitise snakes and turtles. According to the most recent revision, the Proterodiplostomidae included 17 genera within 5 subfamilies. Despite the complex taxonomic structure of the family, availability of testable morphology-based phylogenetic hypotheses and ancient hosts, molecular phylogenetic analyses of the group were practically lacking. Herein, we use novel DNA sequence data of the nuclear lsrRNA gene and mitochondrial cox1 gene from a broad range of proterodiplostomid taxa obtained from crocodilian, fish, and snake hosts on four continents to test the monophyly of the family and evaluate the present morphology-based classification system of the Proterodiplostomidae in comparison with the molecular phylogeny. This first detailed phylogeny for the Proterodiplostomidae challenges the current systematic framework. Combination of molecular phylogenetic data with examination of freshly collected quality specimens and re-evaluation of morphological criteria resulted in a number of systematic and nomenclatural changes along with a new phylogeny-based classification of the Proterodiplostomidae. As the result of our molecular and morphological analyses: (i) the current subfamily structure of the Proterodiplostomidae is abolished; (ii) three new genera, Paraproterodiplostomum n. g., Neocrocodilicola n. g. and Proteroduboisia n. g., are described and Pseudoneodiplostomoides Yamaguti, 1954 is restored and elevated from subgenus to genus level; (iii) two new species, Paraproterodiplostomum currani n. g., n. sp. and Archaeodiplostomum overstreeti n. sp., are described from the American alligator in Mississippi, USA. Comparison of the structure of terminal ducts of the reproductive system in all proterodiplostomid genera did not support the use of these structures for differentiation among subfamilies (or major clades) within the family, although they proved to be useful for distinguishing among genera and species. Our study includes the first report of proterodiplostomids from Australia and the first evidence of a snake acting as a paratenic host for a proterodiplostomid. A key to proterodiplostomid genera is provided. Questions of proterodiplostomid-host associations parasitic in crocodilians are discussed in connection with their historical biogeography. Our molecular phylogeny of the Proterodiplostomidae closely matches the current molecular phylogeny of crocodilians. Directions for future studies of the Proterodiplostomidae are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl V Tkach
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell Street, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA.
| | - Tyler J Achatz
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell Street, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA
| | - Eric E Pulis
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Northern State University, Aberdeen, South Dakota, 57401, USA
| | - Kerstin Junker
- Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Scott D Snyder
- College of Science and Engineering, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bell
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell Street, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA
| | - Ali Halajian
- DSI-NRF SARChI Chair (Ecosystem Health), Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
| | - Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos Melo
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Helminthology "Prof. Dr. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi", Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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14
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Achatz TJ, Cleveland DW, Carrión Bonilla C, Cronin L, Tkach VV. New dicrocoeliid digeneans from mammals in Ecuador including a highly genetically divergent new genus from an ancient marsupial lineage. Parasitol Int 2020; 78:102138. [PMID: 32428659 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Dicrocoeliidae is a highly diverse and broadly distributed family of digeneans typically parasitic in the gall bladder and liver of their tetrapod hosts. So far, no study has reported dicrocoeliids, or any digeneans, from the ancient marsupial family Caenolestidae. Herein, we describe a new genus of dicrocoeliids (Otongatrema n. gen.) from Tate's shrew opossum Caenolestes fuliginosus and a new species of Metadelphis (Metadelphis cesartapiai n. sp.) from a phyllostomid bat Anoura peruana collected in Ecuador. Otongatrema can be readily distinguished from the morphologically closest dicrocoeliid genera Concinnum, Conspicuum and Canaania based on the position of the genital pore, distribution/position of the uterus and extent of vitellarium. Metadelphis cesartapiai can be easily differentiated from other Metadelphis spp. based on a combination of morphological characters including body shape and size, distribution of vitellarium, shape of the gonads as well as size of suckers and cirrus sac. In addition, we used newly generated partial sequences of the nuclear 28S rRNA gene and mitochondrial cox1 genes to examine phylogenetic affinities of the new taxa within the Dicrocoeliidae. Both the 28S and cox1 phylogenies confidently positioned Otongatrema as a sister/basal group to all other dicrocoeliids sequenced so far. The phylogenetic position of Otongatrema may be explained by a close co-evolutionary relationship with Caenolestidae, one of the most basal and most ancient groups of marsupials. In addition, our 28S phylogeny provides evidence that the complete or partial loss of intestinal structures has likely occurred independently at least 3 times in the evolutionary history of the Dicrocoeliidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Achatz
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202-9019, USA.
| | - Dawn W Cleveland
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202-9019, USA.
| | - Carlos Carrión Bonilla
- Zoological Museum, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Lawrence Cronin
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202-9019, USA
| | - Vasyl V Tkach
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202-9019, USA.
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15
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Achatz TJ, Curran SS, Patitucci KF, Fecchio A, Tkach VV. Phylogenetic Affinities of Uvulifer Spp. (Digenea: Diplostomidae) in the Americas with Description of Two New Species from Peruvian Amazon. J Parasitol 2020. [PMID: 31580785 DOI: 10.1645/19-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Uvulifer Yamaguti, 1934, is a genus of diplostomoidean digeneans that parasitizes kingfishers worldwide. Species have a Neascus-type metacercaria that encysts in or on fish intermediate hosts, often causing black spot disease. Only 3 prior studies published DNA sequence data for Uvulifer species with only 1 including a single named species (Uvulifer spinatus López-Jiménez, Pérez-Ponce de León, & García-Varela, 2018). Herein we describe 2 new species of Uvulifer from the green-and-rufous kingfisher, Chloroceryle inda (Linnaeus), collected in Peru ( Uvulifer batesi n. sp. and Uvulifer pequenae n. sp.). Both new species are readily differentiated from their New World congeners by a combination of morphological characters including distribution of vitelline follicles and prosoma:opisthosoma length ratios. In addition, we used newly generated nuclear 28S rRNA and mitochondrial COI gene sequence data to differentiate among species and examine phylogenetic affinities of Uvulifer. This includes the 2 new species and Uvulifer ambloplitis (Hughes, 1927), as well as Uvulifer elongatus Dubois, 1988 , Uvulifer prosocotyle (Lutz, 1928), and Uvulifer weberi Dubois, 1985 , none of which have been part of prior molecular phylogenetic studies. Our data on Uvulifer revealed 0.1-2.2% interspecific divergence in 28S sequences and 9.3-15.3% in COI sequences. Our 28S phylogeny revealed at least 6 well-supported clades within the genus. In contrast, the branch topology in the COI phylogenetic tree was overall less supported, indicating that although COI sequences are a great tool for species differentiation, they should be used with caution for phylogenetic inference at higher taxonomic levels. Our 28S phylogeny did not reveal any clear patterns of host association between Uvulifer and particular species of kingfishers; however, it identified 2 well-supported clades uniting Uvulifer species from distant geographical locations and more than 1 biogeographic realm, indicating at least 2 independent dispersal events in the evolutionary history of the New World Uvulifer. Our results clearly demonstrate that the diversity of Uvulifer in the New World has been underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Achatz
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Stephen S Curran
- Division of Coastal Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, 703 East Beach Drive, Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39564
| | - Kaylyn F Patitucci
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Alan Fecchio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT 78060900, Brazil
| | - Vasyl V Tkach
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
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Achatz TJ, Dmytrieva I, Kuzmin Y, Tkach VV. Phylogenetic Position of Codonocephalus Diesing, 1850 (Digenea, Diplostomoidea), an Unusual Diplostomid with Progenetic Metacercariae. J Parasitol 2019. [DOI: 10.1645/19-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Achatz
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Ivanna Dmytrieva
- I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 15 Bogdan Khmelnitsky Street, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuriy Kuzmin
- I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 15 Bogdan Khmelnitsky Street, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vasyl V. Tkach
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
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17
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Achatz TJ, Dmytrieva I, Kuzmin Y, Tkach VV. Phylogenetic Position of Codonocephalus Diesing, 1850 (Digenea, Diplostomoidea), an Unusual Diplostomid with Progenetic Metacercariae. J Parasitol 2019; 105:821-826. [PMID: 31670613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Codonocephalus is a monotypic genus of diplostomid digeneans and is the only genus in the sub-family Codonocephalinae. The type-species Codonocephalus urniger has an unusual progenetic metacercaria that uses frogs as intermediate hosts and can use snakes as paratenic hosts. Adult C. urniger parasitize ardeid wading birds in the Palearctic. Despite the broad distribution of Codonocephalus, no DNA sequence data are currently available for the genus. In this study, we generated sequence data for nuclear ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA from progenetic metacercaria of the type-species C. urniger from marsh frog, Pelophylax ridibundus, collected in Ukraine. We used partial sequences of the nuclear ribosomal 28S gene to examine for the first time the phylogenetic position of Codonocephalus among the Diplostomoidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Achatz
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Ivanna Dmytrieva
- I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 15 Bogdan Khmelnitsky Street, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuriy Kuzmin
- I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 15 Bogdan Khmelnitsky Street, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 20520, South Africa
| | - Vasyl V Tkach
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
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18
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Achatz TJ, Curran SS, Patitucci KF, Fecchio A, Tkach VV. Phylogenetic Affinities of Uvulifer Spp. (Digenea: Diplostomidae) in the Americas with Description of Two New Species from Peruvian Amazon. J Parasitol 2019; 105:704-717. [PMID: 31580785 PMCID: PMC7584121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Uvulifer Yamaguti, 1934, is a genus of diplostomoidean digeneans that parasitizes kingfishers worldwide. Species have a Neascus-type metacercaria that encysts in or on fish intermediate hosts, often causing black spot disease. Only 3 prior studies published DNA sequence data for Uvulifer species with only 1 including a single named species (Uvulifer spinatus López-Jiménez, Pérez-Ponce de León, & García-Varela, 2018). Herein we describe 2 new species of Uvulifer from the green-and-rufous kingfisher, Chloroceryle inda (Linnaeus), collected in Peru ( Uvulifer batesi n. sp. and Uvulifer pequenae n. sp.). Both new species are readily differentiated from their New World congeners by a combination of morphological characters including distribution of vitelline follicles and prosoma:opisthosoma length ratios. In addition, we used newly generated nuclear 28S rRNA and mitochondrial COI gene sequence data to differentiate among species and examine phylogenetic affinities of Uvulifer. This includes the 2 new species and Uvulifer ambloplitis (Hughes, 1927), as well as Uvulifer elongatus Dubois, 1988 , Uvulifer prosocotyle (Lutz, 1928), and Uvulifer weberi Dubois, 1985 , none of which have been part of prior molecular phylogenetic studies. Our data on Uvulifer revealed 0.1-2.2% interspecific divergence in 28S sequences and 9.3-15.3% in COI sequences. Our 28S phylogeny revealed at least 6 well-supported clades within the genus. In contrast, the branch topology in the COI phylogenetic tree was overall less supported, indicating that although COI sequences are a great tool for species differentiation, they should be used with caution for phylogenetic inference at higher taxonomic levels. Our 28S phylogeny did not reveal any clear patterns of host association between Uvulifer and particular species of kingfishers; however, it identified 2 well-supported clades uniting Uvulifer species from distant geographical locations and more than 1 biogeographic realm, indicating at least 2 independent dispersal events in the evolutionary history of the New World Uvulifer. Our results clearly demonstrate that the diversity of Uvulifer in the New World has been underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Achatz
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Stephen S Curran
- Division of Coastal Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, 703 East Beach Drive, Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39564
| | - Kaylyn F Patitucci
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - Alan Fecchio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT 78060900, Brazil
| | - Vasyl V Tkach
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Starcher Hall, 10 Cornell Street Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
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Achatz TJ, Pulis EE, Junker K, Binh TT, Snyder SD, Tkach VV. Molecular phylogeny of the Cyathocotylidae (Digenea, Diplostomoidea) necessitates systematic changes and reveals a history of host and environment switches. ZOOL SCR 2019; 48:545-556. [PMID: 31937984 DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Cyathocotylidae is a globally distributed family of digeneans parasitic as adults in fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals in both freshwater and marine environments. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of interrelationships among cyathocotylids is lacking with only a few species included in previous studies. We used sequences of the nuclear 28S rRNA gene to examine phylogenetic affinities of 11 newly sequenced taxa of cyathocotylids and the closely related family Brauninidae collected from fish, reptiles, birds, and dolphins from Australia, Southeast Asia, Europe, North America and South America. This is the first study to provide sequence data from adult cyathocotylids parasitic in fish and reptiles. Our analyses demonstrated that the members of the genus Braunina (family Brauninidae) belong to the Cyathocotylidae, placing the Brauninidae into synonymy with the Cyathocotylidae. In addition, our DNA sequences supported the presence of a second species in the currently monotypic Braunina. Our phylogeny revealed that Cyathocotyle spp. from crocodilians belong to a separate genus (Suchocyathocotyle, previously proposed as a subgenus) and subfamily (Suchocyathocotylinae subfam. n.). Morphological study of Gogatea serpentum indicum supported its elevation to species as Gogatea mehri. The phylogeny did not support Holostephanoides within the subfamily Cyathocotylinae; instead, Holostephanoides formed a strongly supported clade with members of the subfamily Szidatiinae (Gogatea and Neogogatea). Therefore, we transfer Holostephanoides into the Szidatiinae. DNA sequence data revealed the potential presence of cryptic species reported under the name Mesostephanus microbursa. Our phylogeny indicated at least two major host switching events in the evolutionary history of the subfamily Szidatiinae which likely resulted in the transition of these parasites from birds to fish and snakes. Likewise, the transition to dolphins by Braunina represents another major host switching event among the Cyathocotylidae. In addition, our phylogeny revealed more than a single transition between freshwater and marine environments demonstrated in our dataset by Braunina and some Mesostephanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Achatz
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell Street, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, U.S.A
| | - Eric E Pulis
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Northern State University, Aberdeen, South Dakota 57401, U.S.A
| | - Kerstin Junker
- Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa
| | - Tran Thi Binh
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Nghiado, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Scott D Snyder
- College of Science and Engineering, Idaho State University, 921 S 8th Ave, Pocatello, ID, 83209 U.S.A
| | - Vasyl V Tkach
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell Street, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, U.S.A
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20
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Tkach VV, Achatz TJ, Hildebrand J, Greiman SE. Convoluted history and confusing morphology: Molecular phylogenetic analysis of dicrocoeliids reveals true systematic position of the Anenterotrematidae Yamaguti, 1958 (Platyhelminthes, Digenea). Parasitol Int 2018; 67:501-508. [PMID: 29705143 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The Dicrocoeliidae is a highly diverse family of digeneans parasitic in amniotic tetrapods. Detailed molecular phylogenetic analysis of dicrocoeliids is lacking and only a few dicrocoeliids from mammals have been included in previous studies. Sequence data were previously absent for the Anenterotrematidae that shares several morphological characteristics with dicrocoeliids. We examined phylogenetic affinities of several newly sequenced (nuclear 28S rDNA) taxa of dicrocoeliids and anenterotrematids collected from small mammals in Ecuador, Panama, Peru, USA and Vietnam. Our analyses demonstrated that the two anenterotrematid genera (Anenterotrema, Apharyngotrema) belong to the Dicrocoeliidae, placing the Anenterotrematidae into synonymy with the Dicrocoeliidae. Molecular data combined with morphological examination of type and new specimens provided evidence that Parametadelphis and Apharyngotrema are junior synonyms of Metadelphis, with all Metadelphis species lacking a digestive system. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that reduction of the alimentary tract in Lutztrema and its loss in Anenterotrema and Metadelphis represent at least two independent evolutionary events. Genera Brachylecithum, Brachydistomum, and Lyperosomum proved to be non-monophyletic, each likely representing more than a single genus. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis did not support monophyly of the two largest subfamilies of the Dicrocoeliidae (Dicrocoeliinae and Leipertrematinae) with the other two subfamilies not included in this study. Therefore, we propose to abandon the current subfamily division of the Dicrocoeliidae. Analysis of host associations indicates multiple host-switching events throughout evolution of dicrocoeliids. Lastly, analysis of dicrocoeliid geographic distribution revealed that nearly all major clades included taxa from more than a single zoogeographic realm with the exception of the clade Anenterotrema + Metadelphis, found only in the Neotropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl V Tkach
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9019, USA.
| | - Tyler J Achatz
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9019, USA.
| | - Joanna Hildebrand
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63, Wrocław 51-148, Poland.
| | - Stephen E Greiman
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA.
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Achatz TJ, Cardenas-Callirgos JM, Tkach VV. NewAnenterotremaStunkard, 1938 (Digenea: Anenterotrematidae) from Silky Short-Tailed Bat,Carollia brevicaudaSchinz, 1821, in Peru. COMP PARASITOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1654/1525-2647-85.1.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Achatz
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell Street, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, USA and
| | | | - Vasyl V. Tkach
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell Street, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, USA and
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