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Christmann R, Ho DK, Wilzopolski J, Lee S, Koch M, Loretz B, Vogt T, Bäumer W, Schaefer UF, Lehr CM. Tofacitinib Loaded Squalenyl Nanoparticles for Targeted Follicular Delivery in Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1131. [PMID: 33255225 PMCID: PMC7760822 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tofacitinib (TFB), a Janus kinase inhibitor, has shown excellent success off-label in treating various dermatological diseases, especially alopecia areata (AA). However, TFB's safe and targeted delivery into hair follicles (HFs) is highly desirable due to its systemic adverse effects. Nanoparticles (NPs) can enhance targeted follicular drug delivery and minimize interfollicular permeation and thereby reduce systemic drug exposure. In this study, we report a facile method to assemble the stable and uniform 240 nm TFB loaded squalenyl derivative (SqD) nanoparticles (TFB SqD NPs) in aqueous solution, which allowed an excellent loading capacity (LC) of 20%. The SqD NPs showed an enhanced TFB delivery into HFs compared to the aqueous formulations of plain drug in an ex vivo pig ear model. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy of the TFB SqD NPs was studied in a mouse model of allergic dermatitis by ear swelling reduction and compared to TFB dissolved in a non-aqueous mixture of acetone and DMSO (7:1 v/v). Whereas such formulation would not be acceptable for use in the clinic, the TFB SqD NPs dispersed in water illustrated a better reduction in inflammatory effects than plain TFB's aqueous formulation, implying both encouraging good in vivo efficacy and safety. These findings support the potential of TFB SqD NPs for developing a long-term topical therapy of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Christmann
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)—Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (R.C.); (D.-K.H.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
| | - Duy-Khiet Ho
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)—Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (R.C.); (D.-K.H.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
| | - Jenny Wilzopolski
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (J.W.); (W.B.)
| | - Sangeun Lee
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)—Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (R.C.); (D.-K.H.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Marcus Koch
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)—Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (R.C.); (D.-K.H.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Thomas Vogt
- Department of Dermatology, Saarland University Hospital, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Bäumer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (J.W.); (W.B.)
| | - Ulrich F. Schaefer
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)—Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (R.C.); (D.-K.H.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
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Ho DK, Christmann R, Murgia X, De Rossi C, Frisch S, Koch M, Schaefer UF, Loretz B, Desmaele D, Couvreur P, Lehr CM. Synthesis and Biopharmaceutical Characterization of Amphiphilic Squalenyl Derivative Based Versatile Drug Delivery Platform. Front Chem 2020; 8:584242. [PMID: 33195079 PMCID: PMC7604382 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.584242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited drug loading capacity (LC), mostly below 5% w/w, is a significant drawback of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (DDS). Squalenoylation technology, which employs bioconjugation of squalenyl moiety and drug, allows self-assemble of nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous media with significantly high LC (>30% w/w). The synthesis and particle preparation of squalenoylated prodrugs are, however, not facile for molecules with multiple reactive groups. Taking a different approach, we describe the synthesis of amphiphilic squalenyl derivatives (SqDs) as well as the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical characterizations of their self-assembled NPs as DDSs. The SqDs included in this study are (i) cationic squalenyl diethanolamine (ii) PEGylated SqD (PEG 750 Da), (iii) PEGylated SqD (PEG 3,000 Da), and (iv) anionic squalenyl hydrogen sulfate. All four SqDs self-assemble into NPs in a size range from 100 to 200 nm in an aqueous solution. Furthermore, all NP derivatives demonstrate appropriate biocompatibility and adequate colloidal stability in physiological relevant pH environments. The mucoprotein binding of PEGylated NPs is reduced compared to the charged NPs. Most importantly, this technology allows excellent LC (at maximum of 45% w/w) of a wide range of multifunctional compounds, varying in physicochemical properties and molecular weight. Interestingly, the drug release profile can be tuned by different loading methods. In summary, the SqD-based NPs appear as versatile drug delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy-Khiet Ho
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rebekka Christmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Xabier Murgia
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Chiara De Rossi
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sarah Frisch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marcus Koch
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Brigitta Loretz
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Didier Desmaele
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Institut Galien Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Institut Galien Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Christmann R, Thomas C, Jager N, Raber AS, Loretz B, Schaefer UF, Tschernig T, Vogt T, Lehr CM. Nanoparticle Targeting to Scalp Hair Follicles: New Perspectives for a Topical Therapy for Alopecia Areata. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:243-246.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Vukosavljevic B, Murgia X, Schwarzkopf K, Schaefer UF, Lehr CM, Windbergs M. Tracing molecular and structural changes upon mucolysis with N-acetyl cysteine in human airway mucus. Int J Pharm 2017; 533:373-376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Gross A, Torge A, Schaefer UF, Schneider M, Lehr CM, Wagner C. A foam model highlights the differences of the macro- and microrheology of respiratory horse mucus. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 71:216-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ernst M, John T, Guenther M, Wagner C, Schaefer UF, Lehr CM. A Model for the Transient Subdiffusive Behavior of Particles in Mucus. Biophys J 2017; 112:172-179. [PMID: 28076809 PMCID: PMC5233549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we have applied a model to explain the reported subdiffusion of particles in mucus, based on the measured mean squared displacements (MSD). The model considers Brownian diffusion of particles in a confined geometry, made from permeable membranes. The applied model predicts a normal diffusive behavior at very short and long time lags, as observed in several experiments. In between these timescales, we find that the "subdiffusive" regime is only a transient effect, MSD∝τα,α<1. The only parameters in the model are the diffusion-coefficients at the limits of very short and long times, and the distance between the permeable membranes L. Our numerical results are in agreement with published experimental data for realistic assumptions of these parameters. Finally, we show that only particles with a diameter less than 40 nm are able to pass through a mucus layer by passive Brownian motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Ernst
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Applied Sciences, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Thomas John
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marco Guenther
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Applied Sciences, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christian Wagner
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ulrich F Schaefer
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Bokkasam H, Ernst M, Guenther M, Wagner C, Schaefer UF, Lehr CM. Different macro- and micro-rheological properties of native porcine respiratory and intestinal mucus. Int J Pharm 2016; 510:164-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wohlleben W, Driessen MD, Raesch S, Schaefer UF, Schulze C, Vacano BV, Vennemann A, Wiemann M, Ruge CA, Platsch H, Mues S, Ossig R, Tomm JM, Schnekenburger J, Kuhlbusch TAJ, Luch A, Lehr CM, Haase A. Influence of agglomeration and specific lung lining lipid/protein interaction on short-term inhalation toxicity. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:970-80. [PMID: 26984182 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2016.1155671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung lining fluid is the first biological barrier nanoparticles (NPs) encounter during inhalation. As previous inhalation studies revealed considerable differences between surface functionalized NPs with respect to deposition and toxicity, our aim was to investigate the influence of lipid and/or protein binding on these processes. Thus, we analyzed a set of surface functionalized NPs including different SiO2 and ZrO2 in pure phospholipids, CuroSurf(TM) and purified native porcine pulmonary surfactant (nS). Lipid binding was surprisingly low for pure phospholipids and only few NPs attracted a minimal lipid corona. Additional presence of hydrophobic surfactant protein (SP) B in CuroSurf(TM) promoted lipid binding to NPs functionalized with Amino or PEG residues. The presence of the hydrophilic SP A in nS facilitated lipid binding to all NPs. In line with this the degree of lipid and protein affinities for different surface functionalized SiO2 NPs in nS followed the same order (SiO2 Phosphate ∼ unmodified SiO2 < SiO2 PEG < SiO2 Amino NPs). Agglomeration and biomolecule interaction of NPs in nS was mainly influenced by surface charge and hydrophobicity. Toxicological differences as observed in short-term inhalation studies (STIS) were mainly influenced by the core composition and/or surface reactivity of NPs. However, agglomeration in lipid media and lipid/protein affinity appeared to play a modulatory role on short-term inhalation toxicity. For instance, lipophilic NPs like ZrO2, which are interacting with nS to a higher extent, exhibited a far higher lung burden than their hydrophilic counterparts, which deserves further attention to predict or model effects of respirable NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc D Driessen
- b Department of Chemicals and Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Simon Raesch
- c Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology , Saarland University , Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Ulrich F Schaefer
- c Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology , Saarland University , Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Christine Schulze
- c Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology , Saarland University , Saarbrücken , Germany
| | | | - Antje Vennemann
- d IBE R& D gGmbH, Institute for Lung Health , Münster , Germany
| | - Martin Wiemann
- d IBE R& D gGmbH, Institute for Lung Health , Münster , Germany
| | - Christian A Ruge
- c Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology , Saarland University , Saarbrücken , Germany
| | | | - Sarah Mues
- f Biomedical Technology Center , Westfälische Wilhelms-University , Münster , Germany
| | - Rainer Ossig
- f Biomedical Technology Center , Westfälische Wilhelms-University , Münster , Germany
| | - Janina M Tomm
- g Department of Proteomics , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Jürgen Schnekenburger
- f Biomedical Technology Center , Westfälische Wilhelms-University , Münster , Germany
| | - Thomas A J Kuhlbusch
- h Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology (IUTA) E.V , Air Quality & Sustainable Nanotechnology , Duisburg , Germany .,i Center for Nanointegration CENIDE , University of Duisburg-Essen , Duisburg , Germany , and
| | - Andreas Luch
- b Department of Chemicals and Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- c Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology , Saarland University , Saarbrücken , Germany .,j Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) , Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Andrea Haase
- b Department of Chemicals and Product Safety , German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) , Berlin , Germany
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Murgia X, Pawelzyk P, Schaefer UF, Wagner C, Willenbacher N, Lehr CM. Size-Limited Penetration of Nanoparticles into Porcine Respiratory Mucus after Aerosol Deposition. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:1536-42. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Pawelzyk
- Institute
for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | - Norbert Willenbacher
- Institute
for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Mathes C, Brandner JM, Laue M, Raesch SS, Hansen S, Failla AV, Vidal S, Moll I, Schaefer UF, Lehr CM. Tight junctions form a barrier in porcine hair follicles. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 95:89-99. [PMID: 26785612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular penetration has gained increasing interest regarding (i) safety concerns about (environmentally born) xenobiotics available to the hair follicle (HF), e.g. nanomaterials or allergens which should not enter the skin, and (ii) the possibility for non-invasive follicular drug and antigen delivery. However, not much is known about barriers in the HF which have to be surpassed upon uptake and/or penetration into surrounding tissue. Thus, aim of this work was a detailed investigation of this follicular barrier function, as well as particle uptake into the HF of porcine skin which is often used as a model system for human skin for such purposes. We show that follicular tight junctions (TJs) form a continuous barrier from the infundibulum down to the suprabulbar region, complementary to the stratum corneum in the most exposed upper follicular region, but remaining as the only barrier in the less accessible lower follicular regions. In the bulbar region of the HF no TJ barrier was found, demonstrating the importance of freely supplying this hair-forming part with e.g. nutrients or hormones from the dermal microenvironment. Moreover, the dynamic character of the follicular TJ barrier was shown by modulating its permeability using EDTA. After applying polymeric model-nanoparticles (154 nm) to the skin, transmission electron microscopy revealed that the majority of the particles were localized in the upper part of the HF where the double-barrier is present. Only few penetrated deeper, reaching regions where TJs act as the only barrier, and no particles were observed in the bulbar, barrier-less region. Lastly, the equivalent expression and distribution of TJ proteins in human and porcine HF further supports the suitability of porcine skin as a predictive model to study the follicular penetration and further biological effects of dermally applied nanomaterials in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Mathes
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus A4 1, Saarbruecken 66123, Germany
| | - Johanna M Brandner
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
| | - Michael Laue
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS 4), Robert-Koch-Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin-Wedding, Germany
| | - Simon S Raesch
- Department of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Stuhlsatzenhausenweg 85, Saarbruecken 66123, Germany
| | - Steffi Hansen
- Department of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Stuhlsatzenhausenweg 85, Saarbruecken 66123, Germany
| | - Antonio V Failla
- UKE Microscopy Imaging Facility, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Sabine Vidal
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Ingrid Moll
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Ulrich F Schaefer
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus A4 1, Saarbruecken 66123, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus A4 1, Saarbruecken 66123, Germany; Department of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Stuhlsatzenhausenweg 85, Saarbruecken 66123, Germany.
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Schneider M, Loretz B, Windbergs M, Schneider-Daum N, Schaefer UF, Lehr CM. Biological barriers--Advanced drug delivery, in vitro modelling, and their implications for infection research. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 95:1-2. [PMID: 26259783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Schneider
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Department of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Maike Windbergs
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nicole Schneider-Daum
- Department of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ulrich F Schaefer
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; PharmBioTec GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mathematical models of dermal transport offer the advantages of being much faster and less expensive than in vitro or in vivo studies. The number of methods used to create such models has been increasing rapidly, probably due to the steady rise in computational power. Although each of the various approaches has its own virtues and limitations, it may be difficult to decide which approach is best suited to address a given problem. AREAS COVERED Here we outline the basic ideas, drawbacks and advantages of compartmental and quantitative structure-activity relationship models, as well as of analytical and numerical approaches for solving the diffusion equation. Examples of special applications of the different approaches are given. EXPERT OPINION Although some models are sophisticated and might be used in future to predict transport through damaged or diseased skin, the comparatively low availability of suitable and accurate experimental data limits extensive usage of these models and their predictive accuracy. Due to the lack of experimental data, the possibility of validating mathematical models is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Selzer
- a 1 Saarland University, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology , 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany.,b 2 Scientific Consilience GmbH, Saarland University , Bldg. 30, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany +49 681 302 71230 ; +49 681 302 64956 ;
| | - Dirk Neumann
- a 1 Saarland University, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology , 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany.,b 2 Scientific Consilience GmbH, Saarland University , Bldg. 30, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany +49 681 302 71230 ; +49 681 302 64956 ;
| | - Ulrich F Schaefer
- c 3 Saarland University, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology , 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
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Gantzsch SP, Kann B, Ofer-Glaessgen M, Loos P, Berchtold H, Balbach S, Eichinger T, Lehr CM, Schaefer UF, Windbergs M. Characterization and evaluation of a modified PVPA barrier in comparison to Caco-2 cell monolayers for combined dissolution and permeation testing. J Control Release 2014; 175:79-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mittal A, Raber AS, Schaefer UF, Weissmann S, Ebensen T, Schulze K, Guzmán CA, Lehr CM, Hansen S. Non-invasive delivery of nanoparticles to hair follicles: A perspective for transcutaneous immunization. Vaccine 2013; 31:3442-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Schneider M, Windbergs M, Daum N, Loretz B, Collnot EM, Hansen S, Schaefer UF, Lehr CM. Crossing biological barriers for advanced drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 84:239-41. [PMID: 23531604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This special issue compiles invited and contributed papers of the 9th International Conference and Workshop "Biological Barriers", 29 February-9 March 2012 at Saarland University, Saarbrücken Germany.
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Hansen S, Lehr CM, Schaefer UF. Modeling the human skin barrier--towards a better understanding of dermal absorption. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:149-51. [PMID: 23266369 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Selzer D, Abdel-Mottaleb MMA, Hahn T, Schaefer UF, Neumann D. Finite and infinite dosing: difficulties in measurements, evaluations and predictions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:278-94. [PMID: 22750806 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to the increased demand for reliable data regarding penetration into and permeation across human skin, assessment of the absorption of xenobiotics has been gaining in importance steadily. In vitro experiments allow for determining these data faster and more easily than in vivo experiments. However, the experiments described in literature and the subsequent evaluation procedures differ considerably. Here we will give an overview on typical finite and infinite dose experiments performed in fundamental research and on the evaluation of the data. We will point out possible difficulties that may arise and give a short overview on attempts at predicting skin absorption in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Selzer
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
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18
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Hansen S, Lehr CM, Schaefer UF. Improved input parameters for diffusion models of skin absorption. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:251-64. [PMID: 22626979 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
To use a diffusion model for predicting skin absorption requires accurate estimates of input parameters on model geometry, affinity and transport characteristics. This review summarizes methods to obtain input parameters for diffusion models of skin absorption focusing on partition and diffusion coefficients. These include experimental methods, extrapolation approaches, and correlations that relate partition and diffusion coefficients to tabulated physico-chemical solute properties. Exhaustive databases on lipid-water and corneocyte protein-water partition coefficients are presented and analyzed to provide improved approximations to estimate lipid-water and corneocyte protein-water partition coefficients. The most commonly used estimates of lipid and corneocyte diffusion coefficients are also reviewed. In order to improve modeling of skin absorption in the future diffusion models should include the vertical stratum corneum heterogeneity, slow equilibration processes, the absorption from complex non-aqueous formulations, and an improved representation of dermal absorption processes. This will require input parameters for which no suitable estimates are yet available.
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19
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Labouta HI, Schaefer UF, Schneider M. Laser scanning microscopy approach for semiquantitation of in vitro dermal particle penetration. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 961:151-164. [PMID: 23325641 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-227-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Skin penetration of nanoparticles is a recent research area in focus for the aim of development of topical nanoparticulate delivery systems as well as for health risk analysis. So far, monitoring skin penetration of nanoparticles is mostly based on qualitative microscopical examination. Here, we describe an experimental approach for extracting semiquantitative data from multiphoton images of skin specimens treated with gold nanoparticles. This will aid in depicting the factors responsible for enhancing or limiting nanoparticle penetration through the skin barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar I Labouta
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research-Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
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20
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Gómez-Mantilla JD, Casabó VG, Schaefer UF, Lehr CM. Permutation Test (PT) and Tolerated Difference Test (TDT): Two new, robust and powerful nonparametric tests for statistical comparison of dissolution profiles. Int J Pharm 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Franzen L, Vidlářová L, Kostka KH, Schaefer UF, Windbergs M. Freeze-drying as a preserving preparation technique forin vitrotesting of human skin. Exp Dermatol 2012; 22:54-6. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Franzen
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology; Saarland University; Saarbruecken; Germany
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Kostka
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery; Caritas-Krankenhaus; Lebach; Germany
| | - Ulrich F. Schaefer
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology; Saarland University; Saarbruecken; Germany
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22
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Selzer D, Hahn T, Naegel A, Heisig M, Kostka KH, Lehr CM, Neumann D, Schaefer UF, Wittum G. Finite dose skin mass balance including the lateral part: comparison between experiment, pharmacokinetic modeling and diffusion models. J Control Release 2012; 165:119-28. [PMID: 23099116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work investigates in vitro finite dose skin absorption of the model compounds flufenamic acid and caffeine experimentally and mathematically. The mass balance in different skin compartments (donor, stratum corneum (SC), deeper skin layers (DSL), lateral skin parts and acceptor) is analyzed as a function of time. For both substances high amounts were found in the lateral skin compartment after 6h of incubation, which emphasizes not to elide these parts in the modeling. Here, three different mathematical models were investigated and tested with the experimental data: a pharmacokinetic model (PK), a detailed microscopic two-dimensional diffusion model (MICRO) and a macroscopic homogenized diffusion model (MACRO). While the PK model was fitted to the experimental data, the MICRO and the MACRO models employed input parameters derived from infinite dose studies to predict the underlying diffusion process. All models could satisfyingly predict or describe the experimental data. The PK model and MACRO model also feature the lateral parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Selzer
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
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23
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Dong M, Mürdter TE, Philippi C, Loretz B, Schaefer UF, Lehr CM, Schwab M, Ammon-Treiber S. Pulmonary delivery and tissue distribution of aerosolized antisense 2'-O-Methyl RNA containing nanoplexes in the isolated perfused and ventilated rat lung. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 81:478-85. [PMID: 22565122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery of drugs, particularly in the treatment of lung cancer, is an attractive strategy for future targeted therapy. In this context, inhalation of nanoplexes might offer a new mode for drug delivery in gene therapy. However, limited data are currently available demonstrating pulmonary delivery, cellular uptake as well as local tolerability in lung tissue. The aim of this study was to elucidate the pulmonary delivery, tissue distribution and local tolerability of aerosolized chitosan-coated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) based nanoplexes containing antisense 2'-O-Methyl RNA (OMR). Therefore, an aerosol of OMR-nanoplexes or OMR alone was administered intra-tracheally using the model of the isolated perfused and ventilated rat lung. Localization of OMR in rat lung tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry. Administration of the OMR-nanoplex formulation resulted in significantly higher cellular OMR uptake of the respiratory epithelium in contrast to the administration of OMR alone, indicating that drug administration via aerosolized nanoplexes is able to target lung tissue. No prominent changes in lung physiology parameters were observed following inhalation, suggesting good local tolerability of OMR-nanoplex formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dong
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tuebingen, Germany
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Hahn T, Selzer D, Neumann D, Kostka KH, Lehr CM, Schaefer UF. Influence of the application area on finite dose permeation in relation to drug type applied. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:233-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01424.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Ourique AF, Contri RV, Guterres SS, Beck RCR, Pohlmann AR, Melero A, Schaefer UF. Set-up of a method using LC-UV to assay mometasone furoate in pharmaceutical dosage forms. QUIM NOVA 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-40422012000400030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
The blood-air barrier formed by the alveolar epithelium of the peripheral lung is crucial for the pulmonary delivery of drugs. Most existing in vitro models mimicking the blood-air barrier are represented by tumor cells or immortalized cells and lack biological relevance due to their genetic alterations and underexpressed essential physiological functions. However, the increasing interest of aerosol administration of medicines to the respiratory system requires the development and use of representative in vitro models. Thereby, human alveolar epithelial cells (hAEpC) are a suitable test system allowing standardized toxicity and transport studies for newly developed compounds and delivery systems. The isolation, purification, and cultivation of hAEpC are described as well as their possible application in the so-called Pharmaceutical Aerosol Deposition Device On Cell Cultures (PADDOCC) mimicking the complete inhalation process of a powder aerosol in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Daum
- Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Saarbruecken, Germany.
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27
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Nafee N, Schneider M, Friebel K, Dong M, Schaefer UF, Mürdter TE, Lehr CM. Treatment of lung cancer via telomerase inhibition: self-assembled nanoplexes versus polymeric nanoparticles as vectors for 2'-O-Methyl-RNA. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 80:478-89. [PMID: 22198416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotide, 2'-O-Methyl-RNA (OMR), is known as potent telomerase inhibitor for the treatment of lung cancer but limited by poor intracellular uptake. Chitosan-coated polymeric nanoparticles were compared to chitosan solution as non-viral vectors for OMR. The study investigated the role of chitosan properties and concentration in improving the efficiency of the nanocarriers in terms of loading, viability, cellular uptake, and telomerase inhibition in human lung cancer cell lines. Certain concentration of chitosan on nanoparticle surface is necessary to significantly increase the cellular uptake. However, excessive chitosan negatively affected the transfection efficiency. Self-assembled nanoplexes with chitosan polymer are preferentially adsorbed to the cell membrane rather than being internalized. Thus, polymeric nanoparticles proved to be superior to cationic polymers as carrier for antisense oligonucleotides. Charge cannot be considered the principle factor behind improved transfection. Uptake studies carried out on air-interface cell cultures to mimic in vivo conditions supported the results on normal cultures showing enhanced uptake of nanoplexes over naked oligonucleotides. OMR nanoplexes reduced telomerase activity by ∼50% in A549 cells concluding the potential of the system as a safe, non-invasive, and efficient treatment for lung carcinoma. These data are prerequisites for the ongoing studies on lung perfusion model and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nafee
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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28
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Ruge CA, Kirch J, Cañadas O, Schneider M, Perez-Gil J, Schaefer UF, Casals C, Lehr CM. Uptake of nanoparticles by alveolar macrophages is triggered by surfactant protein A. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 2011; 7:690-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Schneider M, Stracke F, Hansen S, Schaefer UF. Nanoparticles and their interactions with the dermal barrier. Dermatoendocrinol 2011; 1:197-206. [PMID: 20592791 DOI: 10.4161/derm.1.4.9501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The dermal application of drugs is promising due to the ease of application. In this context nano-scale carrier systems were already evaluated in several studies with respect to the skin interaction and the impact on drug penetration. At the same time the upcoming production of engineered nano-scale materials requires a thorough safety evaluation. Drug delivery as well as risk assessment depends crucially on the ability of such carriers to overcome the skin barrier and reach deeper tissue layers. Therefore, the interaction of nanoparticles with skin and especially skin models is an intriguing field. However, the data obtained do not show a clear image on the effect of nano-carriers. Especially the penetration of such particles is an open and controversially discussed topic. The literature reports different results mainly on pig or murine skin showing strong penetration (pig and mouse) or the opposite. Looking only at the sizes of the particles also no conclusive picture can be obtained. Nevertheless, size is regarded to play an important role for skin penetration. Furthermore, the state of the skin influences penetration (hydration) and the mechanical stress is of outmost importance.
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Hansen S, Selzer D, Schaefer UF, Kasting GB. An Extended Database of Keratin Binding. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:1712-26. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Ourique AF, Melero A, de Bona da Silva C, Schaefer UF, Pohlmann AR, Guterres SS, Lehr CM, Kostka KH, Beck RCR. Improved photostability and reduced skin permeation of tretinoin: development of a semisolid nanomedicine. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 79:95-101. [PMID: 21402157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this work were to increase the photostability and to reduce the skin permeation of tretinoin through nanoencapsulation. Tretinoin is widely used in the topical treatment of various dermatological diseases such as acne, psoriasis, skin cancer, and photoaging. Tretinoin-loaded lipid-core polymeric nanocapsules were prepared by interfacial deposition of a preformed polymer. Carbopol hydrogels containing nanoencapsulated tretinoin presented a pH value of 6.08±0.14, a drug content of 0.52±0.01 mg g(-1), pseudoplastic rheological behavior, and higher spreadability than a marketed formulation. Hydrogels containing nanoencapsulated tretinoin demonstrated a lower photodegradation (24.17±3.49%) than the formulation containing the non-encapsulated drug (68.64±2.92%) after 8h of ultraviolet A irradiation. The half-life of the former was seven times higher than the latter. There was a decrease in the skin permeability coefficient of the drug by nanoencapsulation, independently of the dosage form. The liquid suspension and the semisolid form provided K(p)=0.31±0.15 and K(p)=0.33±0.01 cm s(-1), respectively (p≤0.05), while the samples containing non-encapsulated tretinoin showed K(p)=1.80±0.27 and K(p)=0.73±0.12 cm s(-1) for tretinoin solution and hydrogel, respectively. Lag time was increased two times by nanoencapsulation, meaning that the drug is retained for a longer time on the skin surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Ferreira Ourique
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Abstract
Highly optimized methods for skin segmentation are provided using tape stripping in combination with infrared absorption measurements for stratum corneum (SC) and cryosectioning for deeper skin layers. Furthermore, an example is calculated for demonstration of the respective procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Melero
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrucken, Germany
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Hein S, Bur M, Schaefer UF, Lehr CM. A new Pharmaceutical Aerosol Deposition Device on Cell Cultures (PADDOCC) to evaluate pulmonary drug absorption for metered dose dry powder formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 77:132-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Schulze C, Schaefer UF, Ruge CA, Wohlleben W, Lehr CM. Interaction of metal oxide nanoparticles with lung surfactant protein A. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2010; 77:376-83. [PMID: 21056657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The alveolar lining fluid (ALF) covering the respiratory epithelium of the deep lung is the first biological barrier encountered by nanoparticles after inhalation. We here report for the first time significant differences for metal oxide nanoparticles to the binding of surfactant protein A (SP-A), the predominant protein component of ALF. SP-A is a physiologically most relevant protein and provides important biological signals. Also, it is involved in the lung's immune defence, controlling e.g. particle binding, uptake or transcytosis by epithelial cells and macrophages. In our study, we could prove different particle-protein interaction for eight different nanoparticles, whereas particles of the same bulk material revealed different adsorption patterns. In contrast to other proteins as bovine serum albumin (BSA), SP-A does not seem to significantly deagglomerate large agglomerates of particles, indicating different adsorption mechanisms as in the well-investigated model protein BSA. These findings may have important consequences for biological fate and toxicological effects of inhaled nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Schulze
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany.
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35
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Gratieri T, Schaefer UF, Jing L, Gao M, Kostka KH, Lopez RFV, Schneider M. Penetration of Quantum Dot Particles Through Human Skin. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2010; 6:586-95. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2010.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Collnot EM, Baldes C, Schaefer UF, Edgar KJ, Wempe MF, Lehr CM. Vitamin E TPGS P-glycoprotein inhibition mechanism: influence on conformational flexibility, intracellular ATP levels, and role of time and site of access. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:642-51. [PMID: 20205474 DOI: 10.1021/mp900191s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous work conducted in our laboratories established the notion that TPGS 1000 (d-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate), a nonionic surfactant, modulates P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transport via P-gp ATPase inhibition. The current in vitro research using Caco-2 cells was conducted to further explore the P-gp ATPase inhibition mechanism. Using a monoclonal CD243 P-gp antibody shift assay (UIC2), we probed P-gp conformational changes induced via TPGS 1000. In the presence of TPGS 1000, UIC2 binding was slightly decreased. TPGS 1000 does not appear to be a P-gp substrate, nor does it function as a competitive inhibitor in P-gp substrate efflux transport. The reduction in UIC2 binding with TPGS 1000 was markedly weaker than with orthovanadate, data ruling out trapping P-gp in a transition state by direct interaction with one or both of the P-gp ATP nucleotide binding domains. An intracellular ATP depletion mechanism could be ruled out in the UIC2 assay, and by monitoring intracellular ATP levels in the presence of TPGS 1000. Indicating slow distribution of TPGS 1000 into the membrane, and in agreement with an intramembranal or intracellular side of action, Caco-2 cell monolayer experiments preincubated with TPGS 1000 produce stronger substrate inhibitory activity than those conducted by direct substrate and surfactant coapplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Collnot
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrucken, Germany.
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37
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Hein S, Bur M, Kolb T, Muellinger B, Schaefer UF, Lehr CM. The Pharmaceutical Aerosol Deposition Device on Cell Cultures (PADDOCC) In Vitro System: Design and Experimental Protocol. Altern Lab Anim 2010; 38:285-95. [DOI: 10.1177/026119291003800408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of aerosol medicines typically involves numerous tests on animals, due to the lack of adequate in vitro models. A new in vitro method for testing pharmaceutical aerosol formulations on cell cultures was developed, consisting of an aerosolisation unit fitting a commercial dry powder inhaler (HandiHaler®, Boehringer Ingelheim, Germany), an air-flow control unit (Akita®, Activaero, Germany) and a custom-made sedimentation chamber. This chamber holds three Snapwell® inserts with monolayers of pulmonary epithelial cells. The whole set-up, referred to as the Pharmaceutical Aerosol Deposition Device On Cell Cultures (PADDOCC) system, aims to mimic the complete process of aerosol drug delivery, encompassing aerosol generation, aerosol deposition onto pulmonary epithelial cells and subsequent drug transport across this biological barrier, to facilitate the investigation of new aerosol formulations in the early stages of development. We describe here, the development of the design and the protocol for this device. By testing aerosol formulations of budesonide and salbutamol sulphate, respectively, reproducible deposition of aerosol particles on, and the integrity of, the pulmonary cell monolayer could be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hein
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Bur
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | - Ulrich F. Schaefer
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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38
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Muendoerfer M, Schaefer UF, Koenig P, Walk JS, Loos P, Balbach S, Eichinger T, Lehr CM. Online monitoring of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in an apparatus for combined dissolution and permeation testing. Int J Pharm 2010; 392:134-40. [PMID: 20347022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate a newly implemented feature for the online monitoring of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in an apparatus for combined in vitro dissolution and permeation testing. In a first step, the course of TEER was analyzed simultaneously to the permeability of sodium fluorescein, and a time frame of cell monolayer integrity inside the apparatus of approximately 3h was found. In successive experiments cell monolayer integrity was challenged by application of EDTA (8, 6, 3 and 2 mM) in the apical compartment. After application of high EDTA concentrations of 8 and 6 mM for 45 min TEER did not recover, and permeability of the monolayer was steadily increasing. For the lower concentrations TEER recovered again while permeability of sodium fluorescein remained at an elevated level. This suggests that the EDTA induced opening of the tight junctions was preserved during the period of TEER recovery and did not change within the lifespan of the cell monolayer inside the apparatus. Online monitoring of TEER appeared to be a suitable method for real-time control of barrier integrity throughout each experiment. Moreover, this feature is intended to be used to analyze formulation approaches aiming for an improved oral drug bioavailability by application of excipients that increase the paracellular permeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Muendoerfer
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
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39
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Schmitt S, Schaefer UF, Doebler L, Reichling J. Cooperative interaction of monoterpenes and phenylpropanoids on the in vitro human skin permeation of complex composed essential oils. Planta Med 2009; 75:1381-1385. [PMID: 19507114 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1185744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
For essential oils, several biological effects such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, expectorant, and blood-circulation-enhancing properties have been described. The method of application depends on the pathophysiology, the desired outcome, safety, and toxicity data. For treating respiratory symptoms and nervous disorders, inhalation may be the best means of application, whereas topical application is the best way for treating skin diseases. For dermal application, percutaneous absorption of essential oil and oil components is of great interest. Essential oils are complex mixtures of different volatile substances. So, the question is raised whether all components of a complex composed essential oil are equivalent with respect to their human skin permeation. By means of artificial mixtures of different essential oil ingredients, we investigated the cooperative effect of monoterpenes and phenylpropanoids on the permeation through heat-separated human skin epidermis in static Franz-Diffusion Cells. Limonene showed an enhancing effect on the permeation of citronellol and eugenol. Both alpha-pinene and myrcene increased the apparent permeability ( P(app)) value of phenylethanol. beta-Pinene had an enhancing effect on the permeation behaviour of methyleugenol but not of geraniol. The investigations clearly show that cooperative effects of single essential oil components may influence percutaneous essential oil absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Schmitt
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Santander-Ortega MJ, Stauner T, Loretz B, Ortega-Vinuesa JL, Bastos-González D, Wenz G, Schaefer UF, Lehr CM. Nanoparticles made from novel starch derivatives for transdermal drug delivery. J Control Release 2009; 141:85-92. [PMID: 19699771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this paper was aimed to the formulation of nanoparticles by using two different propyl-starch derivatives - referred to as PS-1 and PS-1.45 - with high degrees of substitution: 1.05 and 1.45 respectively. A simple o/w emulsion diffusion technique, avoiding the use of hazardous solvents such as dichloromethane or dimethyl sulfoxide, was chosen to formulate nanoparticles with both polymers, producing the PS-1 and PS-1.45 nanoparticles. Once the nanoparticles were prepared, a deep physicochemical characterization was carried out, including the evaluation of nanoparticles stability and applicability for lyophilization. Depending on this information, rules on the formation of PS-1 and PS-1.45 nanoparticles could be developed. Encapsulation and release properties of these nanoparticles were studied, showing high encapsulation efficiency for three tested drugs (flufenamic acid, testosterone and caffeine); in addition a close to linear release profile was observed for hydrophobic drugs with a null initial burst effect. Finally, the potential use of these nanoparticles as transdermal drug delivery systems was also tested, displaying a clear enhancer effect for flufenamic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Santander-Ortega
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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41
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Melero A, Garrigues TM, Alós M, Kostka KH, Lehr CM, Schaefer UF. Nortriptyline for smoking cessation: release and human skin diffusion from patches. Int J Pharm 2009; 378:101-7. [PMID: 19501148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Revised: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to develop a simple and inexpensive transdermal formulation containing Nortriptyline Hydrochloride (NTH) for smoking cessation support therapy. Hydroxypropyl-methyl-cellulose was chosen as polymer and a mixture of transdermal enhancers (selected from previous research) was incorporated. The formulations were characterised in terms of appearance, thickness, uniformity of NTH content, release and skin permeation. Release studies demonstrated controlled release for four formulations. Diffusion studies were performed through human heat separated epidermis (HHSE) using Franz Diffusion Cells (FDC). Patches provided different fluxes varying from 20.39+/-7.09 microg/(cm(2) h) to 256.19+/-94.62 microg/(cm(2) h). The penetration profiles of NTH within the stratum corneum (SC) and deeper skin layers (DSL) were established after three administration periods (3 h, 6 h, and 24 h). Skin changes induced by the application of the patches were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The highest flux obtained would provide the recommended doses for smoke cessation support therapy (25-75 mg per day) with a 2 cm x 2 cm patch or a 3.5 cm x 3.5 cm patch, respectively, without skin damage evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Melero
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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42
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Taetz S, Bochot A, Surace C, Arpicco S, Renoir JM, Schaefer UF, Marsaud V, Kerdine-Roemer S, Lehr CM, Fattal E. Hyaluronic Acid-Modified DOTAP/DOPE Liposomes for the Targeted Delivery of Anti-Telomerase siRNA to CD44-Expressing Lung Cancer Cells. Oligonucleotides 2009; 19:103-16. [DOI: 10.1089/oli.2008.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Taetz
- UMR CNRS 8612, Université Paris Sud 11, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Biopharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Amélie Bochot
- UMR CNRS 8612, Université Paris Sud 11, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Claudio Surace
- UMR CNRS 8612, Université Paris Sud 11, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Arpicco
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Jack-Michel Renoir
- UMR CNRS 8612, Université Paris Sud 11, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Ulrich F. Schaefer
- Biopharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Véronique Marsaud
- UMR CNRS 8612, Université Paris Sud 11, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Saadia Kerdine-Roemer
- Toxicologie, INSERM U749, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud 11, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Biopharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Elias Fattal
- UMR CNRS 8612, Université Paris Sud 11, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Henning A, Schaefer UF, Neumann D. Potential pitfalls in skin permeation experiments: Influence of experimental factors and subsequent data evaluation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 72:324-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 07/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hansen S, Naegel A, Heisig M, Wittum G, Neumann D, Kostka KH, Meiers P, Lehr CM, Schaefer UF. The Role of Corneocytes in Skin Transport Revised—A Combined Computational and Experimental Approach. Pharm Res 2009; 26:1379-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-9849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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45
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Naegel A, Hansen S, Neumann D, Lehr CM, Schaefer UF, Wittum G, Heisig M. Erratum to “In-silico model of skin penetration based on experimentally determined input parameters. Part II: Mathematical modelling of in-vitro diffusion experiments. Identification of critical input parameters” [Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 68 (2008) 368–379]. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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46
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Becker U, Ehrhardt C, Schneider M, Muys L, Gross D, Eschmann K, Schaefer UF, Lehr CM. A Comparative Evaluation of Corneal Epithelial Cell Cultures for Assessing Ocular Permeability. Altern Lab Anim 2008; 36:33-44. [DOI: 10.1177/026119290803600106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential value of different epithelial cell culture systems as in vitro models for studying corneal permeability. Transformed human corneal epithelial (HCE-T) cells and Statens Serum Institut rabbit corneal (SIRC) cells were cultured on permeable filters. SkinEthic human corneal epithelium (S-HCE) and Clonetics human corneal epithelium (C-HCE) were received as ready-to-use systems. Excised rabbit corneas (ERCs) and human corneas (EHCs) were mounted in Ussing chambers, and used as references. Barrier properties were assessed by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance, and by determining the apparent permeability of markers with different physico–chemical properties, namely, fluorescein, sodium salt; propranolol hydrochloride; moxaverine hydrochloride; timolol hydrogenmaleate; and rhodamine 123. SIRC cells and the S-HCE failed to develop epithelial barrier properties, and hence were unable to distinguish between the permeation markers. Barrier function and the power to differentiate compound permeabilities were evident with HCE-T cells, and were even more pronounced in the case of C-HCE, corresponding very well with data from ERCs and EHCs. A net secretion of rhodamine 123 was not observed with any of the models, suggesting that P-glycoprotein or similar efflux systems have no significant effects on corneal permeability. Currently available corneal epithelial cell culture systems show differences in epithelial barrier function. Systems lacking functional cell–cell contacts are of limited value for assessing corneal permeability, and should be critically evaluated for other purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Becker
- Saarland University, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Carsten Ehrhardt
- Saarland University, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Trinity College Dublin, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marc Schneider
- Saarland University, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Leon Muys
- Saarland University, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Dorothea Gross
- Ursapharm Arzneimittel GmbH & Co KG, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Klaus Eschmann
- Ursapharm Arzneimittel GmbH & Co KG, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ulrich F. Schaefer
- Saarland University, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Saarland University, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarbrücken, Germany
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47
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Naegel A, Hansen S, Neumann D, Lehr CM, Schaefer UF, Wittum G, Heisig M. In-silico model of skin penetration based on experimentally determined input parameters. Part II: Mathematical modelling of in-vitro diffusion experiments. Identification of critical input parameters. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 68:368-79. [PMID: 17766097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a framework for in-silico modelling of in-vitro diffusion experiments illustrated in an accompanying paper [S. Hansen, A. Henning, A. Naegel, M. Heisig, G. Wittum, D. Neumann, K.-H. Kostka, J. Zbytovska, C.M. Lehr, U.F. Schaefer, In-silico model of skin penetration based on experimentally determined input parameters. Part I: experimental determination of partition and diffusion coefficients, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 68 (2008) 352-367 [corrected] A mathematical model of drug permeation through stratum corneum (SC) and viable epidermis/dermis is presented. The underlying geometry for the SC is of brick-and-mortar character, meaning that the corneocytes are completely embedded in the lipid phase. The geometry is extended by an additional compartment for the deeper skin layers (DSL). All phases are modelled with homogeneous diffusivity. Lipid-donor and SC-DSL partition coefficients are determined experimentally, while corneocyte-lipid and DSL-lipid partition coefficients are derived consistently with the model. Together with experimentally determined apparent lipid- and DSL-diffusion coefficients, these data serve as direct input for computational modelling of drug transport through the skin. The apparent corneocyte diffusivity is estimated based on an approximation, which uses the apparent SC- and lipid-diffusion coefficients as well as corneocyte-lipid partition coefficients. The quality of the model is evaluated by a comparison of concentration-SC-depth-profiles of the experiment with those of the simulation. Good agreements are obtained, and by an analysis of the underlying model, critical parameters of the models can be identified more easily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Naegel
- University of Heidelberg, Simulation in Technology, Heidelberg, Germany
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Taetz S, Mürdter TE, Zapp J, Boettcher S, Baldes C, Kleideiter E, Piotrowska K, Schaefer UF, Klotz U, Lehr CM. Decomposition of the telomere-targeting agent BRACO19 in physiological media results in products with decreased inhibitory potential. Int J Pharm 2008; 357:6-14. [PMID: 18313869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 01/07/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The stability of the acridine-based telomere-targeting agent BRACO19, a G-quadruplex stabilizing substance, was tested at different pH, temperature and in different dissolution media. Analysis was performed by HPLC. Decomposition products were examined by LC/MS and NMR. The TRAP assay was used to determine the inhibitory potential of the decomposition products on telomerase activity. The results show that the stability of BRACO19 strongly depends on pH and temperature. Decomposition was fastest at physiological pH and temperature while the type of dissolution medium had no major influence on stability. The most probable mechanism for this decomposition seems to be a hydrolysis of the amide bonds in position 3 and 6 of the acridine ring and/or a deamination of the phenyl ring. The decomposition products showed a reduced inhibitory potential compared to the parent compound BRACO19. The results demonstrate that the preparation of dosage forms and their storage conditions will have an important influence on the stability--and hence biological efficacy--of BRACO19 and related substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Taetz
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Campus, Building A 4.1, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
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Nafee N, Taetz S, Schneider M, Schaefer UF, Lehr CM. Chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles for DNA/RNA delivery: effect of the formulation parameters on complexation and transfection of antisense oligonucleotides. Nanomedicine 2007; 3:173-83. [PMID: 17692575 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 03/01/2007] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cationically modified poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles have recently been introduced as novel carriers for DNA/RNA delivery. The colloidal characteristics of the nanoparticles--particle size and surface charge--are considered the most significant determinants in the cellular uptake and trafficking of the nanoparticles. Therefore, our aim was to introduce chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles, whose size and charge are tunable to adapt for a specific task. The results showed that biodegradable nanoparticles as small as 130 nm and adjustable surface charge can be tailored controlling the process parameters. As a proof of concept, the overall potential of these particulate carriers to bind the antisense oligonucleotides, 2'-O-methyl-RNA, and improve their cellular uptake was demonstrated. The study proved the efficacy of chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles as a flexible and efficient delivery system for antisense oligonucleotides to lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Nafee
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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50
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Beck RCR, Pohlmann AR, Hoffmeister C, Gallas MR, Collnot E, Schaefer UF, Guterres SS, Lehr CM. Dexamethasone-loaded nanoparticle-coated microparticles: Correlation between in vitro drug release and drug transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007; 67:18-30. [PMID: 17317124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Revised: 12/17/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the preparation of dexamethasone in nanoparticle-coated microparticles and the study of the influence of such microencapsulation on drug absorption across Caco-2 cell monolayers. Nanoparticle-coated microparticles were prepared by spray-drying using nanocapsules (NC) or nanospheres (NS) in aqueous suspensions as coating material. Drug contents ranged from 64 to 134mgg(-1), yields between 49% and 67% and moisture content below 2.0%. SEM and AFM analysis demonstrated that the nanoparticle-coated microparticles (20-53microm) show nanostructures on their surface with a similar diameter compared to the aqueous suspensions. The type of nanocoating material had a significant influence on the drug release profile and on the drug permeation across Caco-2 cells: NC-coated microparticles led to a prolonged release and slower transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers, while the NS-coated microparticles showed a faster release and Caco-2 transport compared to uncoated microparticles. The correlation between the amount of drug permeated and the drug released (%) suggests that the drug absorption from such a delivery system is controlled mainly by the release rate rather than by epithelial permeability. Caco-2 transport studies appear to be a useful characterization tool for the development of microparticulate oral controlled release systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C R Beck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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