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Collins PD, Giosa L, Kathar S, Camarda V, Palmesino F, Eshwar D, Barrett NA, Retter A, Vasques F, Sanderson B, Mak SM, Rose L, Camporota L. Clinical impact of screening computed tomography in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a retrospective cohort study. Ann Intensive Care 2023; 13:90. [PMID: 37750928 PMCID: PMC10522559 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-023-01187-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on the prevalence and clinical impact of extrapulmonary findings at screening computed tomography (CT) on initiation of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) are limited. We aimed to identify the prevalence of extrapulmonary findings on screening CT following V-V ECMO initiation. We hypothesized that extrapulmonary findings would influence clinical management and outcome. METHODS Retrospective analysis (2011-2021) of admission screening CT including head, abdomen and pelvis with contrast of consecutive patients on initiation of V-V ECMO. CT findings identified by the attending consultant radiologist were extracted. Demographics, admission physiological and laboratory data, clinical decision-making following CT and ECMO ICU mortality were recorded from the electronic medical record. We used multivariable logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier curves to evaluate associations between extrapulmonary findings and ECMO ICU mortality. RESULTS Of the 833 patients receiving V-V ECMO, 761 underwent routine admission CT (91.4%). ECMO ICU length of stay was 19 days (IQR 12-23); ICU mortality at the ECMO centre was 18.9%. An incidental extrapulmonary finding was reported in 227 patients (29.8%), leading to an invasive procedure in 12/227 cases (5.3%) and a change in medical management (mainly in anticoagulation strategy) in 119/227 (52.4%). Extrapulmonary findings associated with mortality were intracranial haemorrhage (OR 2.34 (95% CI 1.31-4.12), cerebral infarction (OR 3.59 (95% CI 1.26-9.86) and colitis (OR 2.80 (95% CI 1.35-5.67). CONCLUSIONS Screening CT frequently identifies extrapulmonary findings of clinical significance. Newly detected intracranial haemorrhage, cerebral infarction and colitis were associated with increased ICU mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D Collins
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Lorenzo Giosa
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sushil Kathar
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Valentina Camarda
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Filippo Palmesino
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Darshan Eshwar
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Nicholas A Barrett
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Retter
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Francesco Vasques
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Barnaby Sanderson
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Sze M Mak
- Department of Radiology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Louise Rose
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luigi Camporota
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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Vasques F, Sanderson B, Correa G, Collins P, Camarda V, Giosa L, Retter A, Meadows C, Barrett NA, Camporota L. Prevalence and Indications for Oxygenator Circuit Replacement in Patients Receiving Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. ASAIO J 2023; 69:849-855. [PMID: 37159512 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this retrospective observational cohort study, we aimed to describe the rate of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuit change, the associated risk factors and its relationship with patient characteristics and outcome in patients receiving venovenous (VV) ECMO at our center between January 2015 and November 2017. Twenty-seven percent of the patients receiving VV ECMO (n = 224) had at least one circuit change, which was associated with lower ICU survival (68% vs 82% p=0.032) and longer ICU stay (30 vs . 17 days p < 0.001). Circuit duration was similar when stratified by gender, clinical severity, or prior circuit change. Hematological abnormalities and increased transmembrane lung pressure (TMLP) were the most frequent indication for circuit change. The change in transmembrane lung resistance (Δ TMLR) gave better prediction of circuit change than TMLP, TMLR, or ΔTMLP. Low postoxygenator PO 2 was indicated as a reason for one-third of the circuit changes. However, the ECMO oxygen transfer was significantly higher in cases of circuit change with documented "low postoxygenator PO 2 " than those without (244 ± 62 vs. 200 ± 57 ml/min; p = 0.009). The results suggest that circuit change in VV ECMO is associated with worse outcomes, that the Δ TMLR is a better predictor of circuit change than TMLP, and that the postoxygenator PO 2 is an unreliable proxy for the oxygenator function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vasques
- From the Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barnaby Sanderson
- From the Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Genex Correa
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Collins
- From the Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Camarda
- From the Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Giosa
- Division of Centre of Human Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Retter
- From the Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Meadows
- From the Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas A Barrett
- From the Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luigi Camporota
- From the Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Centre of Human Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Remmington C, Barrett NA, Agarwal S, Lams B, Collins P, Camarda V, Meadows C, Hanks F, Sanderson B, Retter A, Camporota L. Steroid exposure and outcome in COVID-19 pneumonia. BJA Open 2023; 5:100128. [PMID: 36744291 PMCID: PMC9886648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjao.2023.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Corticosteroids are used to treat COVID-19 pneumonia. However, the optimal dose is unclear. This study describes the association between corticosteroid exposure with disease severity and outcome in COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods This is a single-centre retrospective, observational study including adult ICU patients who received systemic corticosteroids for COVID-19 pneumonia between March 2020 and March 2021. We recorded patient characteristics, disease severity, total steroid exposure, respiratory support and gas exchange data, and 90-day mortality. Results We included 362 patients. We allocated patients to groups with increasing disease severity according to the highest level of respiratory support that they received: high-flow nasal oxygen or continuous positive airway pressure (HFNO/CPAP) in 12.7%, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in 61.6%, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in 25.7%. For these three groups, the median (inter-quartile range [IQR]) age was 61 (54-71) vs 58 (50-66) vs 46 (38-53) yr, respectively (P<0.001); median (IQR) APACHE (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation) II scores were 12 (9-15) vs 14 (12-18) vs 15 (12-17), respectively (P=0.006); the median (IQR) lowest P a O 2 /FiO2 ratio was 15.1 (11.8-21.7) vs 15.1 (10.7-22.2) vs 9.5 (7.9-10.9) kPa, respectively (P<0.001). Ninety-day mortality was 9% vs 27% vs 37% (P=0.002). Median (IQR) dexamethasone-equivalent exposure was 37 (24-62) vs 174 (86-504) vs 535 (257-1213) mg (P<0.001). 'Pulsed' steroids were administered to 26% of the IMV group and 48% of the ECMO group. Patients with higher disease severity who received pulse steroids had a higher 90-day mortality. Conclusions Corticosteroid exposure increased with the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. Pulsed dose steroids were used more frequently in patients receiving greater respiratory support. Future studies should address patient selection and outcomes associated with pulsed dose steroids in patients with severe and deteriorating COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Remmington
- Pharmacy Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK,Corresponding author. Pharmacy Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nicholas A Barrett
- Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences (CHAPS), School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sangita Agarwal
- Department of Rheumatology and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Boris Lams
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Patrick Collins
- Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Valentina Camarda
- Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Chris Meadows
- Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Fraser Hanks
- Pharmacy Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Barnaby Sanderson
- Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew Retter
- Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Luigi Camporota
- Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences (CHAPS), School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Collins PD, Giosa L, Camarda V, Camporota L. Physiological adaptations during weaning from veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Intensive Care Med Exp 2023; 11:7. [PMID: 36759388 PMCID: PMC9911184 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-023-00493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) has an established evidence base in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and has seen exponential growth in its use over the past decades. However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding the approach to weaning, with variation of practice and outcomes between centres. Preconditions for weaning, management of patients' sedation and mechanical ventilation during this phase, criteria defining success or failure, and the optimal duration of a trial prior to decannulation are all debated subjects. Moreover, there is no prospective evidence demonstrating the superiority of weaning the sweep gas flow (SGF), the extracorporeal blood flow (ECBF) or the fraction of oxygen of the SGF (FdO2), thereby a broad inter-centre variability exists in this regard. Accordingly, the aim of this review is to discuss the required physiological basis to interpret different weaning approaches: first, we will outline the physiological changes in blood gases which should be expected from manipulations of ECBF, SGF and FdO2. Subsequently, we will describe the resulting adaptation of patients' control of breathing, with special reference to the effects of weaning on respiratory effort. Finally, we will discuss pertinent elements of the monitoring and mechanical ventilation of passive and spontaneously breathing patients during a weaning trial. Indeed, to avoid lung injury, invasive monitoring is often required in patients making spontaneous effort, as pressures measured at the airway may not reflect the degree of lung strain. In the absence of evidence, our approach to weaning is driven largely by an understanding of physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Duncan Collins
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Lorenzo Giosa
- grid.420545.20000 0004 0489 3985Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Valentina Camarda
- grid.420545.20000 0004 0489 3985Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Luigi Camporota
- grid.420545.20000 0004 0489 3985Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Landoni G, Lomivorotov V, Silvetti S, Nigro Neto C, Pisano A, Alvaro G, Hajjar LA, Paternoster G, Riha H, Monaco F, Szekely A, Lembo R, Aslan NA, Affronti G, Likhvantsev V, Amarelli C, Fominskiy E, Baiardo Redaelli M, Putzu A, Baiocchi M, Ma J, Bono G, Camarda V, Covello RD, Di Tomasso N, Labonia M, Leggieri C, Lobreglio R, Monti G, Mura P, Scandroglio AM, Pasero D, Turi S, Roasio A, Votta CD, Saporito E, Riefolo C, Sartini C, Brazzi L, Bellomo R, Zangrillo A. Nonsurgical Strategies to Reduce Mortality in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: An Updated Consensus Process. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018; 32:225-235. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Monaco F, Fominskiy E, Votta CD, Villari N, Capucci R, Lopez-Delgado JC, Camarda V, Redaelli MB, Oriani A, Zangrillo A. Left atrial appendage closure without general anaesthesia. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2016.03.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fominskiy E, Lomivorotov V, Nepomniashchikh V, Monaco F, Vitiello C, Votta CD, Camarda V, Landoni G. Efficacy and safety of fibrinogen concentrate in surgical patients: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2016.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Camarda V, Ruzza C, Rizzi A, Trapella C, Guerrini R, Reinscheid RK, Calo G. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization of the novel neuropeptide S receptor ligands QA1 and PI1. Peptides 2013; 48:27-35. [PMID: 23911665 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological activity of the novel neuropeptide S (NPS) receptor (NPSR) ligands QA1 and PI1 was investigated. In vitro QA1 and PI1 were tested in calcium mobilization studies performed in HEK293 cells expressing the recombinant mouse (HEK293mNPSR) and human (HEK293hNPSRIle107 and HEK293hNPSRAsn107) NPSR receptors. In vivo the compounds were studied in mouse righting reflex (RR) and locomotor activity (LA) tests. NPS caused a concentration dependent mobilization of intracellular calcium in the three cell lines with high potency (pEC50 8.73-9.14). In inhibition response curve and Schild protocol experiments the effects of NPS were antagonized by QA1 and PI1. QA1 displayed high potency (pKB 9.60-9.82) behaving as a insurmountable antagonist. However in coinjection experiments QA1 produced a rightward swift of the concentration response curve to NPS without modifying its maximal effects; this suggests that QA1 is actually a slow dissociating competitive antagonist. PI1 displayed a competitive type of antagonism and lower values of potencies (pA2 7.74-8.45). In vivo in mice NPS (0.1 nmol, i.c.v.) elicited arousal promoting action in the RR assay and stimulant effects in the LA test. QA1 (30 mgkg(-1)) was able to partially counteract the arousal promoting NPS effects, while PI1 was inactive in the RR test. In the LA test QA1 and PI1 only poorly blocked the NPS stimulant action. The present data demonstrated that QA1 and PI1 act as potent NPSR antagonists in vitro, however their usefulness for in vivo investigations in mice seems limited probably by pharmacokinetic reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Camarda
- Department of Medical Science, Section of Pharmacology and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Molinari S, Camarda V, Rizzi A, Marzola G, Salvadori S, Marzola E, Molinari P, McDonald J, Ko MC, Lambert DG, Calo' G, Guerrini R. [Dmt1]N/OFQ(1-13)-NH2: a potent nociceptin/orphanin FQ and opioid receptor universal agonist. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:151-62. [PMID: 22827708 PMCID: PMC3570011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intrathecally (i.t.) administered nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) evokes antinociceptive effects in rodents. Recent studies in monkeys demonstrated that i.t. co-application of N/OFQ and morphine elicits synergistic antinociceptive actions suggesting mixed N/OFQ peptide (NOP) and μ opioid receptor agonists as innovative spinal analgesics. Thus, novel N/OFQ related peptides were synthesized in order to identify and pharmacologically characterize a mixed NOP/ μ opioid receptor agonist. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The following in vitro assays were used: calcium mobilization in cells expressing the human NOP or classical opioid receptors and chimeric G proteins, receptor and [(35)S]-GTPγS binding, [(35)S]-GTPγS binding in rat spinal cord membranes, guinea pig ileum bioassay. In vivo experiments were performed in monkeys using the tail withdrawal assay. KEY RESULTS From calcium mobilization studies [Dmt(1)]N/OFQ(1-13)-NH(2) was selected as the most potent and least selective compound. The mixed NOP/opioid full agonist activity and high affinity of [Dmt(1)]N/OFQ(1-13)-NH(2) was confirmed at human recombinant receptors in receptor binding, calcium mobilization and/or [(35)S]-GTPγS binding studies, at rat spinal cord receptors in [(35)S]-GTPγS binding experiments, and at guinea pig receptors inhibiting neurogenic contractions in the ileum. In vivo in the tail withdrawal assay in monkeys i.t. [Dmt(1) ]N/OFQ(1-13)-NH(2) was able to elicit robust and long-lasting antinociceptive effects. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Collectively, these results demonstrate that [Dmt(1)]N/OFQ(1-13)-NH(2) behaves as NOP/opioid receptor universal agonist and substantiate the suggestion that such mixed ligands are worthy of development as innovative spinal analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Molinari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Italy
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10
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Ruzza C, Rizzi A, Camarda V, Pulga A, Marzola G, Filaferro M, Novi C, Ruggieri V, Marzola E, Vitale G, Salvadori S, Guerrini R, Calo' G. [tBu-D-Gly5]NPS, a pure and potent antagonist of the neuropeptide S receptor: in vitro and in vivo studies. Peptides 2012; 34:404-11. [PMID: 22342393 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) regulates various biological functions by selectively activating the NPS receptor (NPSR). Recently, the NPSR ligand [(t)Bu-D-Gly(5)]NPS was generated and in vitro characterized as a pure antagonist at the mouse NPSR. In the present study the pharmacological profile of [(t)Bu-D-Gly(5)]NPS has been investigated. [(t)Bu-D-Gly(5)]NPS activity was evaluated in vitro in the calcium mobilization assay at the rat NPSR and in vivo in the locomotor activity and righting reflex tests in mice and in the elevated plus maze and defensive burying assays in rats. In vitro, [(t)Bu-D-Gly(5)]NPS was inactive per se while it inhibited the calcium mobilization induced by 30 nM NPS (pK(B) 7.42). In Schild analysis experiments [(t)Bu-D-Gly(5)]NPS (0.1-10 μM) produced a concentration-dependent rightward shift of the concentration-response curve to NPS, showing a pA(2) value of 7.17. In mouse locomotor activity experiments, supraspinal injection of [(t)Bu-D-Gly(5)]NPS (1-10 nmol) dose dependently counteracted NPS (0.1 nmol) stimulant effects. In the mouse righting reflex assay [(t)Bu-D-Gly(5)]NPS (0.1-10 nmol) fully prevented the arousal-promoting action of the natural peptide (0.1 nmol). Finally, [(t)Bu-D-Gly(5)]NPS (3-30 nmol) was able to completely block NPS (1 nmol) anxiolytic-like actions in rat elevated plus maze and defensive burying assays. Collectively, the present results demonstrated that [(t)Bu-D-Gly(5)]NPS behaves both in vitro and in vivo as a pure and potent NPSR antagonist. This compound represents a novel and useful tool for investigating the pharmacology and neurobiology of the NPS/NPSR system.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Infusions, Intraventricular
- Injections, Spinal
- Kinetics
- Male
- Maze Learning/drug effects
- Maze Learning/physiology
- Mice
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Motor Activity/physiology
- Neuropeptides/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Neuropeptide/metabolism
- Reflex, Righting/drug effects
- Reflex, Righting/physiology
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ruzza
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Abstract
Recently, the cloning of a novel preprotachykinin gene (PPT-C) has been reported. This gene codes for a novel peptide named hemokinin 1 (HK-1). In contrast with the known tachykinins, which are exclusively expressed in neuronal tissues, PPT-C mRNA was detected primarily in hematopoietic cells. In this study, we pharmacologically characterised the effects of HK-1 using three tachykinin monoreceptor systems, namely the rabbit jugular vein (rbJV) for NK(1), the rabbit pulmonary artery (rbPA) for NK(2), and rat portal vein (rPV) for NK(3) receptors. In all these preparations substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and neurokinin B (NKB) elicited concentration dependent contractions showing similar maximal effects and the following rank order of potency: SP > NKA = NKB in the rbJV, NKA > NKB >> SP in the rbPA, and NKB > NKA > SP in the rPV. In those vessels HK-1 behaved as a full agonist displaying potencies similar (rbPA and rPV) or slightly higher (rbJV) than those of SP. In the rbJV, SR 140333, a selective NK(1) receptor antagonist, antagonised the effects of HK-1 and SP with similar high potencies (pK(B) 9.3 and 9.5, respectively). Similar results were obtained with the pseudopeptide NK(1) antagonist, MEN 11467 (pK(B) 8.8 and 8.6, respectively). Taken together, these data indicate that HK-1 behaves as a NK(1) preferring receptor agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Camarda
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 19, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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12
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Abstract
Peptide and nonpeptide compounds have been shown to interact specifically with B2 receptors of three different species, namely human, rabbit, and pig. Peptide agonists and nonpeptide antagonists show marked differences in potencies and suggest the existence of B2 receptor subtypes. This conclusion is based on data obtained with the modified agonist peptide LF 150943 whose potency (pEC50 9.4) is at least 100-fold higher in rabbit than in humans (7.4) and pig (6.7). The same conclusion can be drawn from data obtained with antagonists that are more potent in humans (LF 160687, pA2 9.2) than in rabbit (8.7) and pig (8.2) or with antagonists (S 1567) that show the opposite potency order, being much weaker in humans (pA2 6.9) than in rabbit (7.6) and pig (9.4). Two other compounds (FR 173657 and FR 172357) show similar pharmacological spectra as S 1567 and differ from LF 160687.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Camarda
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ferrara, Italy
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Meini S, Lecci A, Carini F, Tramontana M, Giuliani S, Maggi CA, Ricci R, Fabbri G, Anichini B, Harmat N, Rizzi A, Camarda V, Regoli D, Quartara L. In vitro and in vivo activity of analogues of the kinin B2 receptor antagonist MEN1 1270. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2002; 80:293-302. [PMID: 12025964 DOI: 10.1139/y02-022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we describe the in vitro and in vivo activities of a series of cyclic peptide analogues of the selective kinin B2 receptor antagonist MEN11270 on Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the human B2 receptor (hB2R), the human isolated umbilical vein (hUV), the isolated guinea pig ileum (gpI), and bradykinin (BK) induced bronchoconstriction (BC) and hypotension in anaesthetized guinea pigs. Substitutions in the backbone of MEN1 1270 (H-DArg-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Thi-c(Dab-DTic-Oic-Arg)c(7gamma-10alpha)) aimed to increase the potency in inhibiting bronchospasm versus hypotension following the topical (intratracheal (i.t.)) or systemic (intravenous (i.v.)) application of these antagonists. A series of analogues were left unprotected from N-terminal cleavage by aminopeptidases (MEN12739, MEN13052, MEN13346, and MEN13371): these compounds maintained sizeable affinities for the hB2R (pKi = 9.4, 9.6, 9.7, and 8.6, respectively) and antagonist activities toward BK in the hUV (pA2 = 7.9, 8.3, 8.2, and 7.5) and gpI assays (pK(B) = 7.4, 7.8, 7.9, and 7.9), but the inhibition of BK-induced BC and hypotension in vivo was negligible following either i.v. or i.t. administration. Two analogues (MEN12388 and MEN13405) could be potential substrates of angiotensin-converting enzyme: these have good activity in the hB2R (pKi = 9.5 and 8.9, respectively), hUV (pA2 = 8.2 for MEN12388), and gpI assays (pK(B) = 8.4 and 8.0) but an in vivo activity 10- to 30-fold lower than the parent compound MEN1 1270 (pKi = 9.4, pA2 = 8.1, pKB = 8.3) when given by either the i.v. or the i.t. route. Other analogues were functionalized with a quaternary ammonium Lys derivative (MEN13031, MEN12374, and the previously mentioned MEN13052) or with an ethyl group on Arg (MEN13655 and the previously mentioned MEN13346 and MEN13405) in order to hinder or facilitate local absorption. MEN13346 and MEN13031 (pKi = 9.7and 9.5, pA2 = 8.2 and 7.9, pKB = 7.9 and 8.5, respectively) were 10- to 30-fold less active in vivo than MEN1 1270, without improving the discrimination between BK-induced BC and hypotension after either systemic or topical administration. It is concluded that the decreased in vivo activities of cyclic analogues of MEN11270 on BK-induced BC and hypotension following either their intratracheal or their intravenous routes of administration might be due in large part to metabolic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Meini
- Pharmacology Department, Menarini Ricerche, Florence, Italy
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Camarda V, Cervellini M, Pedace G, Pace M. Sodium hyaluronate in the repair of perforations of the tympanic membrane. Clin Ther 1989; 11:744-54. [PMID: 2611820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid is the most abundant mucopolysaccharide in connective tissue. Because of its high viscous elasticity, it lubricates joints and can hold cells together in the intercellular spaces in connective tissue. The administration of exogenous hyaluronic acid can increase the repair potential of damaged tissue. A study was conducted to verify whether or not hyaluronic acid enhances the repair process in perforations of the tympanic membrane and to evaluate the quality of the tympanic membrane after healing. The 17 patients, aged 22 to 63 years, had small, medium, or large perforations of the tympanic membrane that were treated locally with sodium hyaluronate until a reduction in the area of the perforation was observed. The patients were examined with an otomicroscope and completed evoked-response and impedance tests. Of the 17 perforations treated, 12 (eight small and four medium) healed after two to 11 days of treatment. None of the large perforations healed. Treatment was less effective in patients with secretions from the middle ear. In the 12 patients whose perforations were healed, three months after treatment the tympanic membrane was normal in most cases; hearing threshold, measured with the evoked-response test, had improved; and the tympanometric curve, measured with the impedance test, had returned to normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Camarda
- ENT Institute, La Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Fiorini L, Petrillo G, Camarda V. Effects of gangliosides (Cronassial) on vestibular temporary threshold shift and on some parameters of labyrinthine function. Br J Clin Pract 1984; 38:320-1, 330. [PMID: 6332640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Camarda V, Di Carlo A. A controlled study of the effect of orphenadrine hydrochloride (Disipal) on vertigo in patients with spontaneous vestibular disease. Br J Clin Pract 1982; 36:186-8. [PMID: 6756452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Camarda V, Petrillo G, Gismondi M, Carboni M, Rizzo P. [Behavior of ocular refraction after labyrinth rotoacceleratory stimulation]. Riv Med Aeronaut Spaz 1982; 47:201-11. [PMID: 7188404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Rizzo P, Millarelli S, Carboni M, Di Carlo A, Camarda V. [Behavior of critical fusion frequency in flight personnel after labyrinth rotoacceleratory stimulation]. Riv Med Aeronaut Spaz 1982; 47:189-200. [PMID: 7188403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Abstract
We have carried out a study on 52 patients treated during childhood with potentially ototoxic drugs. The evaluation of vestibular function was carried out long after treatment. In most of the cases there was a parallelism between hearing and vestibular deficit. Manifest impairment of the vestibular function was demonstrated in 4 subjects, without remarkable hearing loss, who had previously been treated with streptomycin during childhood. Furthermore, in the case of 19 subjects, a considerable deambulation delay was noticed (in one case it revealed itself after the fourth year of life) which was attributable to a real injury to the vestibular structures. Finally, almost all examined subjects showed a dysfunction of equilibrium and a noticeable tendency to kinetopathy.
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Spagnoli LG, Neri L, Villaschi S, Fiorini L, Camarda V, Rizzo P. [Significance of the ciliary changes observed in nasal respiratory mucosa of patients affected by retinitis pigmentosa and hypoacusia (author's transl)]. Pathologica 1981; 73:45-57. [PMID: 7312428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Bucci S, Di Carlo A, Saponara M, Zangrilli L, Camarda V. [Tinnitus measurements in transmission deafness and perception deafness]. Riv Med Aeronaut Spaz 1980; 43:319-31. [PMID: 7313415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Camarda V. [Etiopathogenesis of Costen's syndrome]. Minerva Otorinolaringol 1971; 21:169-85. [PMID: 5134403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Camarda V, Antognoli F. [On the validity of thermal stimulation in patients with chronic catarrhal diseases of the tympanic membrane]. Valsalva 1968; 44:226-33. [PMID: 5733202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Camarda V, Cerretti A, Donnarumma G. [The interference of optokinetic nystagmus in nystagmus of vestibular origin]. Valsalva 1968; 44:65-81. [PMID: 5738695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Camarda V. [The posterior cervical syndrome (Barrè-Lieou syndrome) due to automobile accidents]. Valsalva 1967; 43:325-35. [PMID: 5617646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Camarda V, Antognoli F. [Intereference of nystagmus due to galvanic stimulation on nystagmus provoked by labyrinthic stimulation by the rotatory method]. Valsalva 1967; 43:244-250. [PMID: 5612941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Bruno G, Camarda V, Curi L. [Contribution to the study of organic causal factors in the pathogenesis of stammering. Electronystagmographic investigations]. Boll Mal Orecch Gola Naso 1965; 83:753-8. [PMID: 5295694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Ferreri G, Camarda V. Étude de la pathologie du labyrinthe postérieur au moyen de l'enregistrement électro-nystagmographique du seuil d'excitabilité vestibulaire. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1960. [DOI: 10.1159/000104937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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