1
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Saggau CN, Shokri S, Martini M, Confalone T, Lee Y, Wolf D, Gu G, Brosco V, Montemurro D, Vinokur VM, Nielsch K, Poccia N. 2D High-Temperature Superconductor Integration in Contact Printed Circuit Boards. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:51558-51564. [PMID: 37878903 PMCID: PMC10637321 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Inherent properties of superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x films, such as the high superconducting transition temperature Tc, efficient Josephson coupling between neighboring CuO layers, and fast quasiparticle relaxation dynamics, make them a promising platform for advances in quantum computing and communication technologies. However, preserving two-dimensional superconductivity during device fabrication is an outstanding experimental challenge because of the fast degradation of the superconducting properties of two-dimensional flakes when they are exposed to moisture, organic solvents, and heat. Herein, to realize superconducting devices utilizing two-dimensional (2D) superconducting films, we develop a novel fabrication technique relying on the cryogenic dry transfer of printable circuits embedded into a silicon nitride membrane. This approach separates the circuit fabrication stage requiring chemically reactive substances and ionizing physical processes from the creation of the thin superconducting structures. Apart from providing electrical contacts in a single transfer step, the membrane encapsulates the surface of the crystal, shielding it from the environment. The fabricated atomically thin Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x-based devices show a high superconducting transition temperature of Tc ≃ 91 K close to that of the bulk crystal and demonstrate stable superconducting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian N. Saggau
- Leibniz
Institute for Solid State and Materials Science Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sanaz Shokri
- Leibniz
Institute for Solid State and Materials Science Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Technische Universität
Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mickey Martini
- Leibniz
Institute for Solid State and Materials Science Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Technische Universität
Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tommaso Confalone
- Leibniz
Institute for Solid State and Materials Science Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Technische Universität
Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yejin Lee
- Leibniz
Institute for Solid State and Materials Science Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Technische Universität
Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Wolf
- Leibniz
Institute for Solid State and Materials Science Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Genda Gu
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Valentina Brosco
- Istituto
dei Sistemi Complessi (ISC-CNR) and Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita,
Sapienza, P.le A. Moro,
2, I-00185 Rome, Italy
- Centro Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Piazza del Viminale, 1, I-00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Montemurro
- Department
of Physics, University of Naples Federico
II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Valerii M. Vinokur
- Terra Quantum
AG, CH-9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Physics
Department, CUNY, City College of City University
of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Kornelius Nielsch
- Leibniz
Institute for Solid State and Materials Science Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Technische Universität
Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Institute
of Materials Science, Technische Universität
Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicola Poccia
- Leibniz
Institute for Solid State and Materials Science Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069 Dresden, Germany
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2
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Kirsanov NS, Pastushenko VA, Kodukhov AD, Yarovikov MV, Sagingalieva AB, Kronberg DA, Pflitsch M, Vinokur VM. Forty thousand kilometers under quantum protection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8756. [PMID: 37253776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35579-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a revolutionary cryptography response to the rapidly growing cyberattacks threat posed by quantum computing. Yet, the roadblock limiting the vast expanse of secure quantum communication is the exponential decay of the transmitted quantum signal with the distance. Today's quantum cryptography is trying to solve this problem by focusing on quantum repeaters. However, efficient and secure quantum repetition at sufficient distances is still far beyond modern technology. Here, we shift the paradigm and build the long-distance security of the QKD upon the quantum foundations of the Second Law of Thermodynamics and end-to-end physical oversight over the transmitted optical quantum states. Our approach enables us to realize quantum states' repetition by optical amplifiers keeping states' wave properties and phase coherence. The unprecedented secure distance range attainable through our approach opens the door for the development of scalable quantum-resistant communication networks of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M Pflitsch
- Terra Quantum AG, St. Gallen, 9000, Switzerland
| | - V M Vinokur
- Terra Quantum AG, St. Gallen, 9000, Switzerland.
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3
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Diamantini MC, Trugenberger CA, Chen SZ, Lu YJ, Liang CT, Vinokur VM. Type-III Superconductivity. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2206523. [PMID: 36965030 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Superconductivity remains one of most fascinating quantum phenomena existing on a macroscopic scale. Its rich phenomenology is usually described by the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory in terms of the order parameter, representing the macroscopic wave function of the superconducting condensate. The GL theory addresses one of the prime superconducting properties, screening of the electromagnetic field because it becomes massive within a superconductor, the famous Anderson-Higgs mechanism. Here the authors describe another widely-spread type of superconductivity where the Anderson-Higgs mechanism does not work and must be replaced by the Deser-Jackiw-Templeton topological mass generation and, correspondingly, the GL effective field theory must be replaced by an effective topological gauge theory. These superconductors are inherently inhomogeneous granular superconductors, where electronic granularity is either fundamental or emerging. It is shown that the corresponding superconducting transition is a 3D generalization of the 2D Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless vortex binding-unbinding transition. The binding-unbinding of the line-like vortices in 3D results in the Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman scaling of the resistance near the superconducting transition. The authors report experimental data fully confirming the VFT behavior of the resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cristina Diamantini
- NiPS Laboratory, INFN and Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, University of Perugia, via A. Pascoli, Perugia, I-06100, Italy
| | | | - Sheng-Zong Chen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Lu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Te Liang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Valerii M Vinokur
- Terra Quantum AG, Kornhausstrasse 25, St. Gallen, CH-9000, Switzerland
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4
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Lee Y, Martini M, Confalone T, Shokri S, Saggau CN, Wolf D, Gu G, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Montemurro D, Vinokur VM, Nielsch K, Poccia N. Encapsulating High-Temperature Superconducting Twisted van der Waals Heterostructures Blocks Detrimental Effects of Disorder. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2209135. [PMID: 36693810 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature cuprate superconductors based van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures hold high technological promise. One of the obstacles hindering their progress is the detrimental effect of disorder on the properties of the vdW-devices-based Josephson junctions (JJs). Here, a new method of fabricating twisted vdW heterostructures made of Bi2 Sr2 CuCa2 O8+δ , crucially improving the JJ characteristics and pushing them up to those of the intrinsic JJs in bulk samples, is reported. The method combines cryogenic stacking using a solvent-free stencil mask technique and covering the interface by insulating hexagonal boron nitride crystals. Despite the high-vacuum condition down to 10-6 mbar in the evaporation chamber, the interface appears to be protected from water molecules during the in situ metal deposition only when fully encapsulated. Comparing the current-voltage curves of encapsulated and unencapsulated interfaces, it is revealed that the encapsulated interfaces' characteristics are crucially improved, so that the corresponding JJs demonstrate high critical currents and sharpness of the superconducting transition comparable to those of the intrinsic JJs. Finally, it is shown that the encapsulated heterostructures are more stable over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Lee
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Science Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mickey Martini
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Science Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tommaso Confalone
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Science Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sanaz Shokri
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Science Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian N Saggau
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Science Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Wolf
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Science Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Genda Gu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Domenico Montemurro
- Department of Physics, University of Naples Federico II, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Kornelius Nielsch
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Science Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicola Poccia
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Science Dresden (IFW Dresden), 01069, Dresden, Germany
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5
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Tikhonov Y, Maguire JR, McCluskey CJ, McConville JPV, Kumar A, Lu H, Meier D, Razumnaya A, Gregg JM, Gruverman A, Vinokur VM, Luk'yanchuk I. Polarization Topology at the Nominally Charged Domain Walls in Uniaxial Ferroelectrics. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2203028. [PMID: 36114716 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric domain walls provide a fertile environment for novel materials physics. If a polarization discontinuity arises, it can drive a redistribution of electronic carriers and changes in band structure, which often result in emergent 2D conductivity. If such a discontinuity is not tolerated, then its amelioration usually involves the formation of complex topological patterns, such as flux-closure domains, dipolar vortices, skyrmions, merons, or Hopfions. The degrees of freedom required for the development of such patterns, in which dipolar rotation is a hallmark, are readily found in multiaxial ferroelectrics. In uniaxial ferroelectrics, where only two opposite polar orientations are possible, it has been assumed that discontinuities are unavoidable when antiparallel components of polarization meet. This perception has been borne out by the appearance of charged conducting domain walls in systems such as hexagonal manganites and lithium niobate. Here, experimental and theoretical investigations on lead germanate (Pb5 Ge3 O11 ) reveal that polar discontinuities can be obviated at head-to-head and tail-to-tail domain walls by mutual domain bifurcation along two different axes, creating a characteristic saddle-point domain wall morphology and associated novel dipolar topology, removing the need for screening charge accumulation and associated conductivity enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurii Tikhonov
- University of Picardie, Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Amiens, 80039, France
- Faculty of Physics, Southern Federal University, 5 Zorge Street, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Jesi R Maguire
- Centre for Nanostructured Media, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Conor J McCluskey
- Centre for Nanostructured Media, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - James P V McConville
- Centre for Nanostructured Media, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Amit Kumar
- Centre for Nanostructured Media, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Haidong Lu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Dennis Meier
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Anna Razumnaya
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
- Terra Quantum AG, Kornhausstrasse 25, St. Gallen, CH-9000, Switzerland
| | - John Martin Gregg
- Centre for Nanostructured Media, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Alexei Gruverman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Valerii M Vinokur
- University of Picardie, Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Amiens, 80039, France
- Terra Quantum AG, Kornhausstrasse 25, St. Gallen, CH-9000, Switzerland
- Physics Department, City College of the City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Igor Luk'yanchuk
- University of Picardie, Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Amiens, 80039, France
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6
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Valiulin VE, Chtchelkatchev NM, Mikheyenkov AV, Vinokur VM. Time-dependent exchange creates the time-frustrated state of matter. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16177. [PMID: 36171223 PMCID: PMC9519972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19751-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic systems governed by exchange interactions between magnetic moments harbor frustration that leads to ground state degeneracy and results in the new topological state often referred to as a frustrated state of matter (FSM). The frustration in the commonly discussed magnetic systems has a spatial origin. Here we demonstrate that an array of nanomagnets coupled by the real retarded exchange interactions develops a new state of matter, time frustrated matter (TFM). In a spin system with the time-dependent retarded exchange interaction, a single spin-flip influences other spins not instantly but after some delay. This implies that the sign of the exchange interaction changes, leading to either ferro- or antiferromagnetic interaction, depends on time. As a result, the system’s temporal evolution is essentially non-Markovian. The emerging competition between different magnetic orders leads to a new kind of time-core frustration. To establish this paradigmatic shift, we focus on the exemplary system, a granular multiferroic, where the exchange transferring medium has a pronounced frequency dispersion and hence develops the TFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Valiulin
- Vereshchagin Institute of High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840, Troitsk, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - N M Chtchelkatchev
- Vereshchagin Institute of High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840, Troitsk, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Mikheyenkov
- Vereshchagin Institute of High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840, Troitsk, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - V M Vinokur
- Terra Quantum AG, Kornhausstrasse 25, 9000, St. Gallen, Switzerland. .,Physics Department, City College of the City University of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
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7
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8
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Tan ZB, Laitinen A, Kirsanov NS, Galda A, Vinokur VM, Haque M, Savin A, Golubev DS, Lesovik GB, Hakonen PJ. Thermoelectric current in a graphene Cooper pair splitter. Nat Commun 2021; 12:138. [PMID: 33420055 PMCID: PMC7794233 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of electric voltage in a conductor by applying a temperature gradient is a fundamental phenomenon called the Seebeck effect. This effect and its inverse is widely exploited in diverse applications ranging from thermoelectric power generators to temperature sensing. Recently, a possibility of thermoelectricity arising from the interplay of the non-local Cooper pair splitting and the elastic co-tunneling in the hybrid normal metal-superconductor-normal metal structures was predicted. Here, we report the observation of the non-local Seebeck effect in a graphene-based Cooper pair splitting device comprising two quantum dots connected to an aluminum superconductor and present a theoretical description of this phenomenon. The observed non-local Seebeck effect offers an efficient tool for producing entangled electrons. Thermoelectricity due to the interplay of the nonlocal Cooper pair splitting and the elastic co-tunneling in normal metal-superconductor-normal metal structure is predicted. Here, the authors observe the non-local Seebeck effect in a graphene-based Cooper pair splitting device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z B Tan
- Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - A Laitinen
- Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - N S Kirsanov
- Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,Terra Quantum AG, St. Gallerstrasse 16A, 9400, Rorschach, Switzerland.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Distr., 141700, Russian Federation.,Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering (CASE), University of Chicago, 5801 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - A Galda
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - V M Vinokur
- Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering (CASE), University of Chicago, 5801 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - M Haque
- Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - A Savin
- Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - D S Golubev
- QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - G B Lesovik
- Terra Quantum AG, St. Gallerstrasse 16A, 9400, Rorschach, Switzerland.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Distr., 141700, Russian Federation
| | - P J Hakonen
- Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland. .,QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland.
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9
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Zhao SYF, Poccia N, Panetta MG, Yu C, Johnson JW, Yoo H, Zhong R, Gu GD, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Postolova SV, Vinokur VM, Kim P. Zhao et al. Reply. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:249702. [PMID: 32639818 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.249702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Frank Zhao
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Nicola Poccia
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Margaret G Panetta
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Cyndia Yu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jedediah W Johnson
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Hyobin Yoo
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Ruidan Zhong
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - G D Gu
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Svetlana V Postolova
- Institute for Physics of Microstructures RAS, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Valerii M Vinokur
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, Office of Research and National Laboratories, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Philip Kim
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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10
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Zemlyanov VV, Kirsanov NS, Perelshtein MR, Lykov DI, Misochko OV, Lebedev MV, Vinokur VM, Lesovik GB. Phase estimation algorithm for the multibeam optical metrology. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8715. [PMID: 32457473 PMCID: PMC7251105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Unitary Fourier transform lies at the core of the multitudinous computational and metrological algorithms. Here we show experimentally how the unitary Fourier transform-based phase estimation protocol, used namely in quantum metrology, can be translated into the classical linear optical framework. The developed setup made of beam splitters, mirrors and phase shifters demonstrates how the classical coherence, similarly to the quantum coherence, poses a resource for obtaining information about the measurable physical quantities. Our study opens route to the reliable implementation of the small-scale unitary algorithms on path-encoded qudits, thus establishing an easily accessible platform for unitary computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Zemlyanov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Institutskii Per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Distr., Russian Federation
| | - N S Kirsanov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Institutskii Per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Distr., Russian Federation.,Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering (CASE), University of Chicago, 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - M R Perelshtein
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Institutskii Per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Distr., Russian Federation.,Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - D I Lykov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Institutskii Per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Distr., Russian Federation
| | - O V Misochko
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Institutskii Per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Distr., Russian Federation.,Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow Distr., Russian Federation
| | - M V Lebedev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Institutskii Per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Distr., Russian Federation.,Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow Distr., Russian Federation
| | - V M Vinokur
- Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering (CASE), University of Chicago, 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. .,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, IL, 60439, USA.
| | - G B Lesovik
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Institutskii Per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Distr., Russian Federation
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11
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Tikhonov Y, Kondovych S, Mangeri J, Pavlenko M, Baudry L, Sené A, Galda A, Nakhmanson S, Heinonen O, Razumnaya A, Luk'yanchuk I, Vinokur VM. Controllable skyrmion chirality in ferroelectrics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8657. [PMID: 32457537 PMCID: PMC7251125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chirality, an intrinsic handedness, is one of the most intriguing fundamental phenomena in nature. Materials composed of chiral molecules find broad applications in areas ranging from nonlinear optics and spintronics to biology and pharmaceuticals. However, chirality is usually an invariable inherent property of a given material that cannot be easily changed at will. Here, we demonstrate that ferroelectric nanodots support skyrmions the chirality of which can be controlled and switched. We devise protocols for realizing control and efficient manipulations of the different types of skyrmions. Our findings open the route for controlled chirality with potential applications in ferroelectric-based information technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tikhonov
- Faculty of Physics, Southern Federal University, 5 Zorge str., 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- University of Picardie, Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Amiens, 80039, France
| | - S Kondovych
- University of Picardie, Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Amiens, 80039, France
- Life Chemicals Inc., Murmanska st. 5, Kyiv, 02660, Ukraine
| | - J Mangeri
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 18221, Praha 8, Czech Republic
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - M Pavlenko
- Faculty of Physics, Southern Federal University, 5 Zorge str., 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - L Baudry
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN)-DHS Départment, UMR CNRS 8520, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59652, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - A Sené
- University of Picardie, Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Amiens, 80039, France
| | - A Galda
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - S Nakhmanson
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Institute of Material Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA
| | - O Heinonen
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois, 60637, USA
| | - A Razumnaya
- Faculty of Physics, Southern Federal University, 5 Zorge str., 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - I Luk'yanchuk
- University of Picardie, Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Amiens, 80039, France
- L. D. Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Akademika Semenova av., 1A9, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - V M Vinokur
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois, 60637, USA.
- Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering (CASE) University of Chicago, 5801S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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12
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Abstract
Non-conservative physical systems admit a special kind of spectral degeneracy, known as exceptional point (EP), at which eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the corresponding non-Hermitian Hamiltonian coalesce. Dynamical parametric encircling of the EP can lead to non-adiabatic evolution associated with a state flip, a sharp transition between the resonant modes. Physical consequences of the dynamical encircling of EPs in open dissipative systems have been explored in optics and photonics. Building on the recent progress in understanding the parity-time ([Formula: see text])-symmetric dynamics in spin systems, we use topological properties of EPs to implement chiral non-reciprocal transmission of a spin through the material with non-uniform magnetization, like helical magnet. We consider an exemplary system, spin-torque-driven single spin described by the time-dependent non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. We show that encircling individual EPs in a parameter space results in non-reciprocal spin dynamics and find the range of optimal protocol parameters for high-efficiency asymmetric spin filter based on this effect. Our findings offer a platform for non-reciprocal spin devices for spintronics and magnonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Galda
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. .,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
| | - Valerii M Vinokur
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
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13
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Zhao SYF, Poccia N, Panetta MG, Yu C, Johnson JW, Yoo H, Zhong R, Gu GD, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Postolova SV, Vinokur VM, Kim P. Sign-Reversing Hall Effect in Atomically Thin High-Temperature Bi_{2.1}Sr_{1.9}CaCu_{2.0}O_{8+δ} Superconductors. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:247001. [PMID: 31322397 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.247001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We developed novel techniques to fabricate atomically thin Bi_{2.1}Sr_{1.9}CaCu_{2.0}O_{8+δ} van der Waals heterostructures down to two unit cells while maintaining a transition temperature T_{c} close to the bulk, and carry out magnetotransport measurements on these van der Waals devices. We find a double sign change of the Hall resistance R_{xy} as in the bulk system, spanning both below and above T_{c}. Further, we observe a drastic enlargement of the region of sign reversal in the temperature-magnetic field phase diagram with decreasing thickness of the device. We obtain quantitative agreement between experimental R_{xy}(T,B) and the predictions of the vortex dynamics-based description of Hall effect in high-temperature superconductors both above and below T_{c}.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Frank Zhao
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Nicola Poccia
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Margaret G Panetta
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Cyndia Yu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jedediah W Johnson
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Hyobin Yoo
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Ruidan Zhong
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - G D Gu
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Svetlana V Postolova
- Institute for Physics of Microstructures RAS, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Valerii M Vinokur
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, Office of Research and National Laboratories, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Philip Kim
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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14
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Kimmel GJ, Glatz A, Vinokur VM, Sadovskyy IA. Edge effect pinning in mesoscopic superconducting strips with non-uniform distribution of defects. Sci Rep 2019; 9:211. [PMID: 30659219 PMCID: PMC6338761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Transport characteristics of nano-sized superconducting strips and bridges are determined by an intricate interplay of surface and bulk pinning. In the limiting case of a very narrow bridge, the critical current is mostly defined by its surface barrier, while in the opposite case of very wide strips it is dominated by its bulk pinning properties. Here we present a detailed study of the intermediate regime, where the critical current is determined, both, by randomly placed pinning centres and by the Bean-Livingston barrier at the edge of the superconducting strip in an external magnetic field. We use the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations to describe the vortex dynamics and current distribution in the critical regime. Our studies reveal that while the bulk defects arrest vortex motion away from the edges, defects in their close vicinity promote vortex penetration, thus suppressing the critical current. We determine the spatial distribution of the defects optimizing the critical current and find that it is in general non-uniform and asymmetric: the barrier at the vortex-exit edge influence the critical current much stronger than the vortex-entrance edge. Furthermore, this optimized defect distribution has a more than 30% higher critical current density than a homogeneously disorder superconducting film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Kimmel
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Av, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, 633 Clark St, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Andreas Glatz
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Av, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA.
| | - Valerii M Vinokur
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Av, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ivan A Sadovskyy
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Av, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Computation Institute, University of Chicago, 5735 S Ellis Av, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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15
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Diamantini MC, Gammaitoni L, Trugenberger CA, Vinokur VM. Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman criticality of 3D superinsulators. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15718. [PMID: 30356062 PMCID: PMC6200790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been believed that the superinsulating state, which is the low-temperature charge Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase, can exist only in two dimensions. We develop a general gauge description of the superinsulating state and the related deconfinement transition of Cooper pairs and predict the existence of the superinsulating state in three dimensions (3d). We find that 3d superinsulators exhibit Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) critical behavior at the phase transition. This is the 3d string analog of the Berezinski-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) criticality for logarithmically and linearly interacting point particles in 2d. Our results show that singular exponential scaling behaviors of the BKT type are generic for phase transitions associated with the condensation of topological excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Diamantini
- NiPS Laboratory, INFN and Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, University of Perugia, via A. Pascoli, I-06100, Perugia, Italy
| | - L Gammaitoni
- NiPS Laboratory, INFN and Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, University of Perugia, via A. Pascoli, I-06100, Perugia, Italy
| | - C A Trugenberger
- SwissScientific Technologies SA, rue du Rhone 59, CH-1204, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V M Vinokur
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA.
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16
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Estellés-Duart F, Ortuño M, Somoza AM, Vinokur VM, Gurevich A. Current-driven production of vortex-antivortex pairs in planar Josephson junction arrays and phase cracks in long-range order. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15460. [PMID: 30337558 PMCID: PMC6193993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation of topological defects like vortices and dislocations plays a key role in the physics of systems with long-range order, particularly, superconductivity and superfluidity in thin films, plasticity of solids, and melting of atomic monolayers. Topological defects are characterized by their topological charge reflecting fundamental symmetries and conservation laws of the system. Conservation of topological charge manifests itself in extreme stability of static topological defects because destruction of a single defect requires overcoming a huge energy barrier proportional to the system size. However, the stability of driven topological defects remains largely unexplored. Here we address this issue and investigate numerically a dynamic instability of moving vortices in planar arrays of Josephson junctions. We show that a single vortex driven by sufficiently strong current becomes unstable and destroys superconductivity by triggering a chain reaction of self-replicating vortex-antivortex pairs forming linear of branching expanding patterns. This process can be described in terms of propagating phase cracks in long-range order with far-reaching implications for dynamic systems of interacting spins and atoms hosting magnetic vortices and dislocations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Ortuño
- Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Física-CIOyN, Murcia, 30071, Spain
| | - Andrés M Somoza
- Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Física-CIOyN, Murcia, 30071, Spain
| | - Valerii M Vinokur
- Argonne National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Univeristy of Chicago, Computation Institute, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Alex Gurevich
- Old Dominion University, Department of Physics, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
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17
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Postolova SV, Mironov AY, Baklanov MR, Vinokur VM, Baturina TI. Reentrant Resistive Behavior and Dimensional Crossover in Disordered Superconducting TiN Films. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1718. [PMID: 28496099 PMCID: PMC5431868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01753-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A reentrant temperature dependence of the normal state resistance often referred to as the N-shaped temperature dependence, is omnipresent in disordered superconductors - ranging from high-temperature cuprates to ultrathin superconducting films - that experience superconductor-to-insulator transition. Yet, despite the ubiquity of this phenomenon its origin still remains a subject of debate. Here we investigate strongly disordered superconducting TiN films and demonstrate universality of the reentrant behavior. We offer a quantitative description of the N-shaped resistance curve. We show that upon cooling down the resistance first decreases linearly with temperature and then passes through the minimum that marks the 3D-2D crossover in the system. In the 2D temperature range the resistance first grows with decreasing temperature due to quantum contributions and eventually drops to zero as the system falls into a superconducting state. Our findings demonstrate the prime importance of disorder in dimensional crossover effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Postolova
- A. V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Alexey Yu Mironov
- A. V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | | | - Valerii M Vinokur
- Argonne National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
| | - Tatyana I Baturina
- A. V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Departamento de Fisica de la MateriaCondensada, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales Nicolas Cabrera and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
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18
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Kondovych S, Luk'yanchuk I, Baturina TI, Vinokur VM. Gate-tunable electron interaction in high-κ dielectric films. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42770. [PMID: 28218245 PMCID: PMC5316972 DOI: 10.1038/srep42770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The two-dimensional (2D) logarithmic character of Coulomb interaction between charges and the resulting logarithmic confinement is a remarkable inherent property of high dielectric constant (high-κ) thin films with far reaching implications. Most and foremost, this is the charge Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition with the notable manifestation, low-temperature superinsulating topological phase. Here we show that the range of the confinement can be tuned by the external gate electrode and unravel a variety of electrostatic interactions in high-k films. We find that by reducing the distance from the gate to the film, we decrease the spatial range of the 2D long-range logarithmic interaction, changing it to predominantly dipolar or even to exponential one at lateral distances exceeding the dimension of the film-gate separation. Our findings offer a unique laboratory for the in-depth study of topological phase transitions and related phenomena that range from criticality of quantum metal- and superconductor-insulator transitions to the effects of charge-trapping and Coulomb scalability in memory nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Kondovych
- University of Picardie, Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Amiens, 80000, France
| | - Igor Luk'yanchuk
- University of Picardie, Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Amiens, 80000, France.,ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky Pr., St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Tatyana I Baturina
- University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg 93053, Germany.,A. V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics SB RAS, 13 Lavrentjev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Valerii M Vinokur
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.,Computation Institute, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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19
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Abstract
Remarkable progress of quantum information theory (QIT) allowed to formulate mathematical theorems for conditions that data-transmitting or data-processing occurs with a non-negative entropy gain. However, relation of these results formulated in terms of entropy gain in quantum channels to temporal evolution of real physical systems is not thoroughly understood. Here we build on the mathematical formalism provided by QIT to formulate the quantum H-theorem in terms of physical observables. We discuss the manifestation of the second law of thermodynamics in quantum physics and uncover special situations where the second law can be violated. We further demonstrate that the typical evolution of energy-isolated quantum systems occurs with non-diminishing entropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Lesovik
- L.D. Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics RAS, Akad. Semenova av., 1-A, Chernogolovka, 142432, Moscow Region, Russia.,Theoretische Physik, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A V Lebedev
- Theoretische Physik, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - I A Sadovskyy
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M V Suslov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii per. 9, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Moscow District, Russia
| | - V M Vinokur
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60637, USA
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20
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Abstract
A quantum phase transition (QPT) is an inherently dynamic phenomenon. However, while non-dissipative quantum dynamics is described in detail, the question, that is not thoroughly understood is how the omnipresent dissipative processes enter the critical dynamics near a quantum critical point (QCP). Here we report a general approach enabling inclusion of both adiabatic and dissipative processes into the critical dynamics on the same footing. We reveal three distinct critical modes, the adiabatic quantum mode (AQM), the dissipative classical mode [classical critical dynamics mode (CCDM)], and the dissipative quantum critical mode (DQCM). We find that as a result of the transition from the regime dominated by thermal fluctuations to that governed by the quantum ones, the system acquires effective dimension d + zΛ(T), where z is the dynamical exponent, and temperature-depending parameter Λ(T) ∈ [0, 1] decreases with the temperature such that Λ(T = 0) = 1 and Λ(T → ∞) = 0. Our findings lead to a unified picture of quantum critical phenomena including both dissipation- and dissipationless quantum dynamic effects and offer a quantitative description of the quantum-to-classical crossover.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vasin
- Physical-Technical Institute, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 426000 Izhevsk, Russia.,High Pressure Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Ryzhov
- High Pressure Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - V M Vinokur
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60637, USA
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21
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Abstract
We report first principle numerical study of domain wall (DW) depinning in two-dimensional magnetic film, which is modeled by 2D random-field Ising system with the dipole-dipole interaction. We observe nonconventional activation-type motion of DW and reveal the fractal structure of DW near the depinning transition. We determine scaling functions describing critical dynamics near the transition and obtain universal exponents establishing connection between thermal softening of pinning potential and critical dynamics. We observe that tuning the strength of the dipole-dipole interaction switches DW dynamics between two different universality classes, corresponding to two distinct dynamic regimes characterized by non-Arrhenius and conventional Arrhenius-type DW motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Meng-Bo Luo
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Valerii M. Vinokur
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Xiao Hu
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
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22
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Poccia N, Baturina TI, Coneri F, Molenaar CG, Wang XR, Bianconi G, Brinkman A, Hilgenkamp H, Golubov AA, Vinokur VM. Critical behavior at a dynamic vortex insulator-to-metal transition. Science 2015; 349:1202-5. [PMID: 26359398 DOI: 10.1126/science.1260507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
An array of superconducting islands placed on a normal metal film offers a tunable realization of nanopatterned superconductivity. This system enables investigation of the nature of competing vortex states and phase transitions between them. A square array creates the eggcrate potential in which magnetic field-induced vortices are frozen into a vortex insulator. We observed a vortex insulator-vortex metal transition driven by the applied electric current and determined critical exponents that coincided with those for thermodynamic liquid-gas transition. Our findings offer a comprehensive description of dynamic critical behavior and establish a deep connection between equilibrium and nonequilibrium phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Poccia
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. Rome International Center for Materials Science Superstripes (RICMASS), Via dei Sabelli 119A, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Tatyana I Baturina
- A. V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60637, USA
| | - Francesco Coneri
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Cor G Molenaar
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - X Renshaw Wang
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Ginestra Bianconi
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Alexander Brinkman
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Hans Hilgenkamp
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Alexander A Golubov
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow District, Russia
| | - Valerii M Vinokur
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60637, USA.
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23
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Ryan SD, Mityushev V, Vinokur VM, Berlyand L. Rayleigh approximation to ground state of the Bose and Coulomb glasses. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7821. [PMID: 25592417 PMCID: PMC4296301 DOI: 10.1038/srep07821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glasses are rigid systems in which competing interactions prevent simultaneous minimization of local energies. This leads to frustration and highly degenerate ground states the nature and properties of which are still far from being thoroughly understood. We report an analytical approach based on the method of functional equations that allows us to construct the Rayleigh approximation to the ground state of a two-dimensional (2D) random Coulomb system with logarithmic interactions. We realize a model for 2D Coulomb glass as a cylindrical type II superconductor containing randomly located columnar defects (CD) which trap superconducting vortices induced by applied magnetic field. Our findings break ground for analytical studies of glassy systems, marking an important step towards understanding their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Ryan
- Department of Mathematics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - V Mityushev
- Department of Computer Sciences and Computer Methods, Pedagogical University, ul.Podchorazych 2, Krakow 30-084, Poland
| | - V M Vinokur
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - L Berlyand
- Department of Mathematics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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24
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Petković A, Vinokur VM. Pairing fluctuation ac conductivity of disordered thin films. J Phys Condens Matter 2013; 25:355701. [PMID: 23912063 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/35/355701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We study temperature T and frequency ω dependence of the in-plane fluctuation conductivity of a disordered superconducting film above the critical temperature. Our calculation is based on the nonlinear sigma model within the Keldysh technique. The fluctuation contributions of different physical origin are found and analyzed in a wide frequency range. In the low-frequency range, ω ≪ T, we reproduce the known leading terms and find additional subleading ones in the Aslamazov-Larkin and the Maki-Thompson contributions to the ac conductivity. We also calculate the density of states ac correction. In the dc case these contributions logarithmically depend on the Ginzburg-Landau rate and are considerably smaller that the leading ones. However, in the ac case an external finite-frequency electromagnetic field strongly suppresses the known Aslamazov-Larkin and Maki-Thompson ac contributions, while the corresponding new terms and the density of states contribution are weakly suppressed and therefore become relevant at finite frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Petković
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie and CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.
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25
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Chtchelkatchev NM, Golubov AA, Baturina TI, Vinokur VM. Stimulation of the fluctuation superconductivity by PT symmetry. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:150405. [PMID: 23102281 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.150405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We discuss fluctuations near the second-order phase transition where the free energy has an additional non-Hermitian term. The spectrum of the fluctuations changes when the odd-parity potential amplitude exceeds the critical value corresponding to the PT-symmetry breakdown in the topological structure of the Hilbert space of the effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. We calculate the fluctuation contribution to the differential resistance of a superconducting weak link and find the manifestation of the PT-symmetry breaking in its temperature evolution. We successfully validate our theory by carrying out measurements of far from equilibrium transport in mesoscale-patterned superconducting wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Chtchelkatchev
- Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk 142190, Moscow region, Russia
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26
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Petković A, Chtchelkatchev NM, Baturina TI, Vinokur VM. Out-of-equilibrium heating of electron liquid: fermionic and bosonic temperatures. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:187003. [PMID: 21231128 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.187003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigate out-of-the equilibrium properties of the electron liquid in a two-dimensional disordered superconductor subject to the electric bias and temperature gradient. We calculate kinetic coefficients and Nyquist noise, and find that they are characterized by distinct effective temperatures: Te, characterizing single-particle excitations, TCp, describing the Cooper pairs, and Teh, corresponding to electron-hole or dipole excitations. Varying the ratio between the electric j and thermal jth currents and boundary conditions one can heat different kinds of excitations tuning their corresponding temperatures. We propose the experiment to determine these effective temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Petković
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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27
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Chtchelkatchev NM, Vinokur VM, Baturina TI. Hierarchical energy relaxation in mesoscopic tunnel junctions: effect of a nonequilibrium environment on low-temperature transport. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:247003. [PMID: 20366224 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.247003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We develop a theory of far from the equilibrium transport in arrays of tunnel junctions. We find that if the rate of the electron-electron interactions exceeds the rate of the electron-phonon energy exchange, the energy relaxation ensuring the charge transfer may occur sequentially. In particular, cotunneling transport in arrays of junctions is dominated by the relaxation via the intermediate bosonic environment, the electron-hole excitations, rather than by the electron-phonon mechanism. The current-voltage characteristics are highly sensitive to the spectrum of the environmental modes and to the applied bias, which sets the lower bound for the effective temperature. We demonstrate that the energy gap in the electron-hole spectrum which opens below some critical temperature T* due to long-range Coulomb interactions gives rise to the suppression of the tunneling current.
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28
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Barash LY, Bigioni TP, Vinokur VM, Shchur LN. Evaporation and fluid dynamics of a sessile drop of capillary size. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2009; 79:046301. [PMID: 19518327 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.79.046301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical description and numerical simulation of an evaporating sessile drop are developed. We jointly take into account the hydrodynamics of an evaporating sessile drop, effects of the thermal conduction in the drop, and the diffusion of vapor in air. A shape of the rotationally symmetric drop is determined within the quasistationary approximation. Nonstationary effects in the diffusion of the vapor are also taken into account. Simulation results agree well with the data of evaporation rate measurements for the toluene drop. Marangoni forces associated with the temperature dependence of the surface tension generate fluid convection in the sessile drop. Our results demonstrate several dynamical stages of the convection characterized by different number of vortices in the drop. During the early stage the array of vortices arises near a surface of the drop and induces a nonmonotonic spatial distribution of the temperature over the drop surface. The initial number of near-surface vortices in the drop is controlled by the Marangoni cell size which is similar to that given by Pearson for flat fluid layers. This number quickly decreases with time resulting in three bulk vortices in the intermediate stage. The vortices finally transform into the single convection vortex in the drop existing during about 1/2 of the evaporation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yu Barash
- Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia.
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29
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Sacépé B, Chapelier C, Baturina TI, Vinokur VM, Baklanov MR, Sanquer M. Disorder-induced inhomogeneities of the superconducting state close to the superconductor-insulator transition. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:157006. [PMID: 18999631 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.157006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy at very low temperatures on homogeneously disordered superconducting titanium nitride thin films reveals strong spatial inhomogeneities of the superconducting gap Delta in the density of states. Upon increasing disorder, we observe suppression of the superconducting critical temperature Tc towards zero, enhancement of spatial fluctuations in Delta, and growth of the Delta/Tc ratio. These findings suggest that local superconductivity survives across the disorder-driven superconductor-insulator transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sacépé
- CEA, INAC, SPSMS-LaTEQS, 38054 Grenoble, France
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30
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Gurevich A, Vinokur VM. Size effects in the nonlinear resistance and flux creep in a virtual Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless state of superconducting films. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:227007. [PMID: 18643452 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.227007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We show that the size effects radically affect the electric-field-current (E-I) relation of superconducting films. We calculate E(J) due to thermally activated hopping of single vortices driven by a current I across the film in a magnetic field H, taking into account the interaction of free vortices with their antivortex images and peaks in the Meissner currents at the film edges. The unbinding of the virtual vortex-antivortex pairs not only mimics the transport uniform Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless behavior, it can also dominate the observed E(J) and result in the field-dependent Ohmic resistance at small I. We show that E(I) can be tuned by changing the film geometry and propose experimental tests of this theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gurevich
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
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31
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Vinokur VM, Baturina TI, Fistul MV, Mironov AY, Baklanov MR, Strunk C. Superinsulator and quantum synchronization. Nature 2008; 452:613-5. [PMID: 18385735 DOI: 10.1038/nature06837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Synchronized oscillators are ubiquitous in nature, and synchronization plays a key part in various classical and quantum phenomena. Several experiments have shown that in thin superconducting films, disorder enforces the droplet-like electronic texture--superconducting islands immersed into a normal matrix--and that tuning disorder drives the system from superconducting to insulating behaviour. In the vicinity of the transition, a distinct state forms: a Cooper-pair insulator, with thermally activated conductivity. It results from synchronization of the phase of the superconducting order parameter at the islands across the whole system. Here we show that at a certain finite temperature, a Cooper--air insulator undergoes a transition to a superinsulating state with infinite resistance. We present experimental evidence of this transition in titanium nitride films and show that the superinsulating state is dual to the superconducting state: it is destroyed by a sufficiently strong critical magnetic field, and breaks down at some critical voltage that is analogous to the critical current in superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerii M Vinokur
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
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32
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Lerner IV, Varlamov AA, Vinokur VM. Fluctuation spectroscopy of granularity in superconducting structures. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:117003. [PMID: 18517815 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.117003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We suggest to use "fluctuation spectroscopy" as a method to detect granularity in a disordered metal close to a superconducting transition. We show that with lowering temperature T the resistance R(T) of a system of relatively large grains initially grows due to the fluctuation suppression of the one-electron tunneling but decreases with further lowering T due to the coherent charge transfer of the fluctuation Cooper pairs. Under certain conditions, such a maximum in R(T) turns out to be sensitive to weak magnetic fields due to a novel Maki-Thompson-type mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Lerner
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
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33
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Fistul MV, Vinokur VM, Baturina TI. Collective Cooper-pair transport in the insulating state of Josephson-junction arrays. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:086805. [PMID: 18352651 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.086805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigate collective Cooper-pair transport of one- and two-dimensional Josephson-junction arrays. We derive an analytical expression for the current-voltage characteristic revealing thermally activated conductivity at small voltages and threshold voltage depinning. The activation energy and the related depinning voltage represent a dynamic Coulomb barrier for collective charge transfer over the whole system and scale with the system size. We show that both quantities are nonmonotonic functions of the magnetic field. We propose that formation of the dynamic Coulomb barrier and its size scaling are consequences of the mutual Josephson phase synchronization across the system. We apply the results for interpretation of experimental data in disordered films near the superconductor-insulator transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Fistul
- Theoretische Physik III, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
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34
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Baturina TI, Mironov AY, Vinokur VM, Baklanov MR, Strunk C. Localized superconductivity in the quantum-critical region of the disorder-driven superconductor-insulator transition in TiN thin films. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:257003. [PMID: 18233550 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.257003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We investigate low-temperature transport properties of thin TiN superconducting films in the vicinity of the disorder-driven superconductor-insulator transition. In a zero magnetic field, we find an extremely sharp separation between superconducting and insulating phases, evidencing a direct superconductor-insulator transition without an intermediate metallic phase. At moderate temperatures, in the insulating films we reveal thermally activated conductivity with the magnetic field-dependent activation energy. At very low temperatures, we observe a zero-conductivity state, which is destroyed at some depinning threshold voltage V{T}. These findings indicate the formation of a distinct collective state of the localized Cooper pairs in the critical region at both sides of the transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I Baturina
- Institute of Semiconductor Physics, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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35
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Mirlin AD, Polyakov DG, Vinokur VM. Transport of charge-density waves in the presence of disorder: classical pinning versus quantum localization. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:156405. [PMID: 17995196 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.156405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We consider the interplay of the elastic pinning and the Anderson localization in the transport properties of a charge-density wave in one dimension, within the framework of the Luttinger model in the limit of strong repulsion. We address a conceptually important issue of which of the two disorder-induced phenomena limits the mobility more effectively. We argue that the interplay of the classical and quantum effects in transport of a very rigid charge-density wave is quite nontrivial: the quantum localization sets in at a temperature much smaller than the pinning temperature, whereas the quantum localization length is much smaller than the pinning length.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Mirlin
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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36
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Abstract
We study electronic transport properties of ferromagnetic nanoparticle arrays and nanodomain materials near the Curie temperature in the limit of weak coupling between the grains. We calculate the conductivity in the Ohmic and non-Ohmic regimes and estimate the magnetoresistance jump in the resistivity at the transition temperature. The results are applicable for many emerging materials, including artificially self-assembled nanoparticle arrays and a certain class of manganites, where localization effects within the clusters can be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Beloborodov
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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37
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Glatz A, Vinokur VM, Galperin YM. Statistics of deep energy states in Coulomb glasses. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:196401. [PMID: 17677637 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.196401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We study the statistics of local energy minima in the configuration space and the energy relaxation due to activated hopping in a system of interacting electrons in a random environment. The distribution of the local minima is exponential, which is in agreement with extreme value statistics considerations. The relaxation of the system energy shows logarithmic time dependence reflecting the ultrametric structure of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Glatz
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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38
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Zharov A, Lopatin A, Koshelev AE, Vinokur VM. Microscopic theory of thermal phase slips in clean narrow superconducting wires. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:197005. [PMID: 17677654 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.197005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We consider the structure of a thermal phase-slip center for a simple microscopic model of a clean one-dimensional superconductor in which superconductivity occurs only within one conducting channel or several identical channels. Surprisingly, the Eilenberger equations describing the saddle-point configuration allow for an exact analytical solution in the whole temperature and current range. This solution allows us to derive a closed expression for the free-energy barrier, which we use to compute its temperature and current dependences.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zharov
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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39
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Menshutin AY, Shchur LN, Vinokur VM. Probing surface characteristics of diffusion-limited-aggregation clusters with particles of variable size. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2007; 75:010401. [PMID: 17358103 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.75.010401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We develop a technique for probing the harmonic measure of a diffusion-limited-aggregation (DLA) cluster surface with variable-size particles and generate 1000 clusters with 50 x 10(6) particles using an original off-lattice killing-free algorithm. Taking, in sequence, the limit of the vanishing size of the probing particles and then sending the growing cluster size to infinity, we achieve unprecedented accuracy in determining the fractal dimension D=1.7100(2) crucial to the characterization of the geometric properties of DLA clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yu Menshutin
- Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia.
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40
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Gurevich A, Vinokur VM. Phase textures induced by dc-current pair breaking in weakly coupled multilayer structures and two-gap superconductors. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:137003. [PMID: 17026065 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.137003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We predict the current-induced formation of equilibrium phase textures for a multicomponent superconducting order parameter. Using the two-component Ginzburg-Landau and Usadel equations, we show that, for weakly coupled comoving superconducting condensates, the dc current I first causes the breakdown of the phase-locked state at I>I{c1} followed by the formation of intrinsic phase textures well below the depairing current I{d}. These phase textures can manifest themselves in multilayer structures, atomic Bose condensate mixtures in optical lattices, and two-gap superconductors, particularly MgB(2), where they can result in oscillating and resistive switching effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gurevich
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
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41
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Abstract
Statistics and thermally activated dynamics of crack nucleation and propagation in a two-dimensional heterogeneous material containing quenched randomly distributed defects are studied theoretically. Using the generalized Griffith criterion we derive the equation of motion for the crack tip position accounting for dissipation, thermal noise, and the random forces arising from the defects. We find that aggregations of defects generating long-range interaction forces (e.g., clouds of dislocations) lead to anomalously slow creep of the crack tip or even to its complete arrest. We demonstrate that heterogeneous materials with frozen defects contain a large number of arrested microcracks and that their fracture toughness is enhanced to the experimentally accessible time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kierfeld
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, Potsdam, Germany
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42
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Kopnin NB, Mel'nikov AS, Vinokur VM. Resonance energy and charge pumping through quantum SINIS contacts. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:146802. [PMID: 16712107 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.146802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We propose a mechanism of quantum pumping mediated by the spectral flow in a voltage-biased superconductor/insulator/normal-metal/insulator/superconductor quantum junction and realized via the sequential closing of the minigaps in the energy spectrum in resonance with the Josephson frequency. We show that the pumped dc current exhibits giant peaks at rational voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Kopnin
- Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland
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43
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Kopnin NB, Mel'nikov AS, Pozdnyakova VI, Ryzhov DA, Shereshevskii IA, Vinokur VM. Giant oscillations of energy levels in mesoscopic superconductors. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:197002. [PMID: 16384013 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.197002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The interplay of geometrical and Andreev quantization in mesoscopic superconductors leads to giant mesoscopic oscillations of energy levels as functions of the Fermi momentum and/or sample size. Quantization rules are formulated for closed quasiparticle trajectories in the presence of normal scattering at the sample boundaries. Two generic examples of mesoscopic systems are studied: (i) one-dimensional Andreev states in a quantum box and (ii) a single vortex in a mesoscopic cylinder.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Kopnin
- Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 2200, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland
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44
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Gorelik LY, Kulinich SI, Shekhter RI, Jonson M, Vinokur VM. Coulomb promotion of spin-dependent tunneling. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:116806. [PMID: 16197032 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.116806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We study transport of spin-polarized electrons through a magnetic single-electron transistor (SET) in the presence of an external magnetic field. Assuming the SET to have a nanometer size central island with a single-electron level we find that the interplay on the island between coherent spin-flip dynamics and Coulomb interactions can make the Coulomb correlations promote rather than suppress the current through the device. We find the criteria for this new phenomenon--Coulomb promotion of spin-dependent tunneling--to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Gorelik
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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45
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Tran TB, Beloborodov IS, Lin XM, Bigioni TP, Vinokur VM, Jaeger HM. Multiple cotunneling in large quantum dot arrays. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:076806. [PMID: 16196814 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.076806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effects of inelastic cotunneling on the electronic transport properties of gold nanoparticle multilayers and thick films at low applied bias, inside the Coulomb-blockade regime. We find that the zero-bias conductance, g(0)(T), in all systems exhibits Efros-Shklovskii-type variable range hopping transport. The resulting typical hopping distance, corresponding to the number of tunnel junctions participating in cotunneling events, is shown to be directly related to the power-law exponent in the measured current-voltage characteristics. We discuss the implications of these findings in light of models on cotunneling and hopping transport in mesoscopic, granular conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Tran
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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46
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Abstract
We investigate the rectification of an ac bias in Luttinger liquids in the presence of an asymmetric potential (the ratchet effect). We show that a strong repulsive electron interaction enhances the ratchet current in comparison with Fermi-liquid systems, and the dc I-V curve is strongly asymmetric in the low-voltage regime even for a weak asymmetric potential. At higher voltages the ratchet current exhibits an oscillatory voltage dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Feldman
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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47
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Kierfeld J, Vinokur VM. Competitive localization of vortex lines and interacting bosons. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:077005. [PMID: 15783846 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.077005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present a theory for the localization of three-dimensional vortex lines or two-dimensional bosons with a short-ranged repulsive interaction which are competing for a single columnar defect or potential well. For two vortices we use a necklace model approach to find a new kind of delocalization transition between two different states with a single bound particle. This exchange-delocalization transition is characterized by the onset of vortex exchange on the defect for sufficiently weak vortex-vortex repulsion or sufficiently weak binding energy corresponding to high temperature. We calculate the transition point and order of the exchange-delocalization transition. A generalization of this transition to an arbitrary vortex number is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kierfeld
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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48
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Lopatin AV, Shah N, Vinokur VM. Fluctuation conductivity of thin films and nanowires near a parallel-field-tuned superconducting quantum phase transition. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:037003. [PMID: 15698309 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.037003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We calculate the fluctuation correction to the normal state conductivity in the vicinity of a quantum phase transition from a superconducting to a normal state, induced by applying a magnetic field parallel to a dirty thin film or a nanowire with thickness smaller than the superconducting coherence length. We find that at zero temperature, where the correction comes purely from quantum fluctuations, the positive "Aslamazov-Larkin" contribution, the negative "density of states" contribution, and the "Maki-Thompson" interference contribution are all of the same order and the total correction is negative. Further, we show that, based on how the quantum critical point is approached, there are three regimes that show different temperature and field dependencies which should be experimentally accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Lopatin
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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49
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Aranson IS, Gurevich A, Welling MS, Wijngaarden RJ, Vlasko-Vlasov VK, Vinokur VM, Welp U. Dendritic flux avalanches and nonlocal electrodynamics in thin superconducting films. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:037002. [PMID: 15698308 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.037002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report a mechanism of nonisothermal dendritic flux penetration in superconducting films. Our numerical and analytical analysis of coupled nonlinear Maxwell and thermal diffusion equations shows that dendritic flux pattern formation results from spontaneous branching of propagating flux filaments due to nonlocal magnetic flux diffusion and positive feedback between flux motion and Joule heating. The branching is triggered by a thermomagnetic edge instability, which causes stratification of the critical state. The resulting distribution of thermomagnetic microavalanches is not universal, because it depends on a spatial distribution of defects. Our results are in good agreement with experiments on Nb films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor S Aranson
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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50
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Banerjee SS, Goldberg S, Soibel A, Myasoedov Y, Rappaport M, Zeldov E, de la Cruz F, van der Beek CJ, Konczykowski M, Tamegai T, Vinokur VM. Vortex nanoliquid in high-temperature superconductors. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:097002. [PMID: 15447129 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.097002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Using a differential magneto-optical technique to visualize the flow of transport currents, we reveal a new delocalization line within the reversible vortex liquid region in the presence of a low density of columnar defects. This line separates a homogeneous vortex liquid, in which all the vortices are delocalized, from a heterogeneous "nanoliquid" phase, in which interconnected nanodroplets of vortex liquid are caged in the pores of a solid skeleton formed by vortices pinned on columnar defects. The nanoliquid phase displays high correlation along the columnar defects but no transverse critical current.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Banerjee
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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