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Alamino VA, Onofrio LI, Acosta CDV, Ferrero PV, Zacca ER, Cadile II, Mussano ED, Onetti LB, Montes CL, Gruppi A, Acosta Rodriguez EV. Tofacitinib treatment of rheumatoid arthritis increases senescent T cell frequency in patients and limits T cell function in vitro. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250353. [PMID: 37179252 PMCID: PMC10524217 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Unraveling the immune signatures in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients receiving various treatment regimens can aid in comprehending the immune mechanisms' role in treatment efficacy and side effects. Given the critical role of cellular immunity in RA pathogenesis, we sought to identify T-cell profiles characterizing RA patients under specific treatments. We compared 75 immunophenotypic and biochemical variables in healthy donors (HD) and RA patients, including those receiving different treatments as well as treatment-free patients. Additionally, we conducted in vitro experiments to evaluate the direct effect of tofacitinib on purified naïve and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Multivariate analysis revealed that tofacitinib-treated patients segregated from HD at the expense of T-cell activation, differentiation, and effector function-related variables. Additionally, tofacitinib led to an accumulation of peripheral senescent memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In vitro, tofacitinib impaired the activation, proliferation, and effector molecules expression and triggered senescence pathways in T-cell subsets upon TCR-engagement, with the most significant impact on memory CD8+ T cells. Our findings suggest that tofacitinib may activate immunosenescence pathways while simultaneously inhibiting effector functions in T cells, both effects likely contributing to the high clinical success and reported side effects of this JAK inhibitor in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanina A Alamino
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luisina I Onofrio
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Paola V Ferrero
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Estefanía R Zacca
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Isaac I Cadile
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eduardo D Mussano
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura B Onetti
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina L Montes
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eva V Acosta Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
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Gigena N, Alamino VA, Montesinos MDM, Nazar M, Louzada RA, Wajner SM, Maia AL, Masini-Repiso AM, Carvalho DP, Cremaschi GA, Pellizas CG. Dissecting thyroid hormone transport and metabolism in dendritic cells. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:337-350. [PMID: 28052998 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We reported thyroid hormone (TH) receptor expression in murine dendritic cells (DCs) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3)-dependent stimulation of DC maturation and ability to develop a Th1-type adaptive response. Moreover, an increased DC capacity to promote antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cell activity, exploited in a DC-based antitumor vaccination protocol, was revealed. However, putative effects of the main circulating TH, l-thyroxine (T4) and the mechanisms of TH transport and metabolism at DC level, crucial events for TH action at target cell level, were not known. Herein, we show that T4 did not reproduce those registered T3-dependent effects, finding that may reflect a homoeostatic control to prevent unspecific systemic activation of DCs. Besides, DCs express MCT10 and LAT2 TH transporters, and these cells mainly transport T3 with a favored involvement of MCT10 as its inhibition almost prevented T3 saturable uptake mechanism and reduced T3-induced IL-12 production. In turn, DCs express iodothyronine deiodonases type 2 and 3 (D2, D3) and exhibit both enzymatic activities with a prevalence towards TH inactivation. Moreover, T3 increased MCT10 and LAT2 expression and T3 efflux from DCs but not T3 uptake, whereas it induced a robust induction of D3 with a parallel slight reduction in D2. These findings disclose pivotal events involved in the mechanism of action of THs on DCs, providing valuable tools for manipulating the immunogenic potential of these cells. Furthermore, they broaden the knowledge of the TH mechanism of action at the immune system network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Gigena
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET)Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Vanina A Alamino
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET)Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Del Mar Montesinos
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET)Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Magalí Nazar
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET)Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ruy A Louzada
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas FilhoUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone M Wajner
- Thyroid UnitEndocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana L Maia
- Thyroid UnitEndocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana M Masini-Repiso
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET)Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Denise P Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas FilhoUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Graciela A Cremaschi
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunomodulación y Oncología MolecularInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (BIOMED-CONICET), Universidad Católica Argentina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia G Pellizas
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET)Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Alamino VA, Montesinos MM, Rabinovich GA, Pellizas CG. The thyroid hormone triiodothyronine reinvigorates dendritic cells and potentiates anti-tumor immunity. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1064579. [PMID: 26942081 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1064579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) cancer vaccines have shown limited clinical benefit. Thus, the identification of signals and molecular pathways that potentiate the immunogenicity of DCs has become a major challenge in cancer research. Our studies demonstrate that triiodothyronine endows DCs with enhanced ability to stimulate cytotoxic T-cell responses with implications in DC-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Alamino
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET) and Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M M Montesinos
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET) and Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba, Argentina
| | - G A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET) and Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C G Pellizas
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET) and Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba, Argentina
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Alamino VA, Mascanfroni ID, Montesinos MM, Gigena N, Donadio AC, Blidner AG, Milotich SI, Cheng SY, Masini-Repiso AM, Rabinovich GA, Pellizas CG. Antitumor Responses Stimulated by Dendritic Cells Are Improved by Triiodothyronine Binding to the Thyroid Hormone Receptor β. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1265-74. [PMID: 25672979 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bidirectional cross-talk between the neuroendocrine and immune systems orchestrates immune responses in both physiologic and pathologic settings. In this study, we provide in vivo evidence of a critical role for the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) in controlling the maturation and antitumor functions of dendritic cells (DC). We used a thyroid hormone receptor (TR) β mutant mouse (TRβPV) to establish the relevance of the T3-TRβ system in vivo. In this model, TRβ signaling endowed DCs with the ability to stimulate antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses during tumor development. T3 binding to TRβ increased DC viability and augmented DC migration to lymph nodes. Moreover, T3 stimulated the ability of DCs to cross-present antigens and to stimulate cytotoxic T-cell responses. In a B16-OVA mouse model of melanoma, vaccination with T3-stimulated DCs inhibited tumor growth and prolonged host survival, in part by promoting the generation of IFNγ-producing CD8(+) T cells. Overall, our results establish an adjuvant effect of T3-TRβ signaling in DCs, suggesting an immediately translatable method to empower DC vaccination approaches for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanina A Alamino
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Iván D Mascanfroni
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María M Montesinos
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Gigena
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana C Donadio
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ada G Blidner
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET) and Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia I Milotich
- Hospital Materno-Neonatal Ramón Carrillo, Sanatorio Allende, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ana M Masini-Repiso
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET) and Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia G Pellizas
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Montesinos MM, Alamino VA, Mascanfroni ID, Susperreguy S, Gigena N, Masini-Repiso AM, Rabinovich GA, Pellizas CG. Dexamethasone counteracts the immunostimulatory effects of triiodothyronine (T3) on dendritic cells. Steroids 2012; 77:67-76. [PMID: 22056479 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents. Several studies have indicated the important role of dendritic cells (DCs), highly specialized antigen-presenting and immunomodulatory cells, in GC-mediated suppression of adaptive immune responses. Recently, we demonstrated that triiodothyronine (T3) has potent immunostimulatory effects on bone marrow-derived mouse DCs through a mechanism involving T3 binding to cytosolic thyroid hormone receptor (TR) β1, rapid and sustained Akt activation and IL-12 production. Here we explored the impact of GCs on T3-mediated DC maturation and function and the intracellular events underlying these effects. Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic GC, potently inhibited T3-induced stimulation of DCs by preventing the augmented expression of maturation markers and the enhanced IL-12 secretion through mechanisms involving the GC receptor. These effects were accompanied by increased IL-10 levels following exposure of T3-conditioned DCs to Dex. Accordingly, Dex inhibited the immunostimulatory capacity of T3-matured DCs on naive T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ production while increased IL-10 synthesis by allogeneic T cell cultures. A mechanistic analysis revealed the ability of Dex to dampen T3 responses through modulation of Akt phosphorylation and cytoplasmic-nuclear shuttling of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). In addition, Dex decreased TRβ1 expression in both immature and T3-maturated DCs through mechanisms involving the GC receptor. Thus GCs, which are increased during the resolution of inflammatory responses, counteract the immunostimulatory effects of T3 on DCs and their ability to polarize adaptive immune responses toward a T helper (Th)-1-type through mechanisms involving, at least in part, NF-κB- and TRβ1-dependent pathways. Our data provide an alternative mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effects of GCs with critical implications in immunopathology at the cross-roads of the immune-endocrine circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- María M Montesinos
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Susperreguy S, Muñoz L, Tkalenko NY, Mascanfroni ID, Alamino VA, Montesinos MM, Masini-Repiso AM, Miras MB, Pellizas CG. Growth hormone treatment in children with idiopathic short stature: correlation of growth response with peripheral thyroid hormone action. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2011; 74:346-53. [PMID: 21091751 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Idiopathic short stature (ISS) describes short children with normal GH secretion. Although GH treatment increases their heights, growth response to the therapy differs among patients. Thyroid hormones (TH) are essential for longitudinal growth acting mainly through TH receptors (TR) α and β. We have previously reported that GH treatment reduced peripheral TH action in Turner Syndrome by TR down-regulation. The aims of the study were to assess the effect of GH treatment to ISS on peripheral TH action and the correlation between thyroid status and growth response to the therapy. SUBJECTS, DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS: Eighteen normal (control) and twenty-five ISS children were enrolled and evaluated before and after 12 months of life time (control) or 12 months of GH therapy (ISS). Fasting blood was used for serum biochemical evaluations, peripheral blood mononuclear cells for TR mRNA determination by QRT-PCR and growth parameters by standard methods. RESULTS GH treatment modified neither TR mRNA levels nor serum markers of TH action in ISS evaluated as a whole group. However, the individual change in TRβ mRNA levels correlated to the change in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels after GH therapy. The growth response to GH correlated positively with the change in TRα mRNA level and negatively with that in TRβ mRNA, TSH and SHBG levels. The change in each TR mRNA isoform after GH treatment correlated negatively with its own basal level. CONCLUSIONS GH therapy induced individual changes in TR expression in ISS that correlated with their growth response. The basal TR mRNA level could predetermine the change in TR expression and therefore the sensitivity to GH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Susperreguy
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Mascanfroni ID, Del Mar Montesinos M, Alamino VA, Susperreguy S, Nicola JP, Ilarregui JM, Masini-Repiso AM, Rabinovich GA, Pellizas CG. Nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB-dependent thyroid hormone receptor beta1 expression controls dendritic cell function via Akt signaling. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:9569-9582. [PMID: 20018842 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.071241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in our understanding of the interplay between immune and endocrine systems, the role of thyroid hormones and their receptors in the control of adaptive immunity is still uncertain. Here, we investigated the role of thyroid hormone receptor (TR) beta(1) signaling in modulating dendritic cell (DC) physiology and the intracellular mechanisms underlying these immunoregulatory effects. Exposure of DCs to triiodothyronine (T(3)) resulted in a rapid and sustained increase in Akt phosphorylation independently of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation, which was essential for supporting T(3)-induced DC maturation and interleukin (IL)-12 production. This effect was dependent on intact TR beta(1) signaling as small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of TR beta(1) expression prevented T(3)-induced DC maturation and IL-12 secretion as well as Akt activation and I kappaB-epsilon degradation. In turn, T(3) up-regulated TR beta(1) expression through mechanisms involving NF-kappaB, suggesting an autocrine regulatory loop to control hormone-dependent TR beta(1) signaling. These findings were confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis, which disclosed a new functional NF-kappaB consensus site in the promoter region of the TRB1 gene. Thus, a T(3)-induced NF-kappaB-dependent mechanism controls TR beta(1) expression, which in turn signals DCs to promote maturation and function via an Akt-dependent but PI3K-independent pathway. These results underscore a novel unrecognized target that regulates DC maturation and function with critical implications in immunopathology at the cross-roads of the immune-endocrine circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván D Mascanfroni
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba
| | - María Del Mar Montesinos
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba
| | - Vanina A Alamino
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba
| | - Sebastián Susperreguy
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba
| | - Juan P Nicola
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba
| | - Juan M Ilarregui
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M Masini-Repiso
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia G Pellizas
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba.
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