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Muik A, Lui BG, Bacher M, Wallisch AK, Toker A, Couto CIC, Güler A, Mampilli V, Schmitt GJ, Mottl J, Ziegenhals T, Fesser S, Reinholz J, Wernig F, Schraut KG, Hefesha H, Cai H, Yang Q, Walzer KC, Grosser J, Strauss S, Finlayson A, Krüger K, Ozhelvaci O, Grikscheit K, Kohmer N, Ciesek S, Swanson KA, Vogel AB, Türeci Ö, Sahin U. Exposure to BA.4/5 S protein drives neutralization of Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, and BA.4/5 in vaccine-experienced humans and mice. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eade9888. [PMID: 36378074 PMCID: PMC9765452 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.ade9888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and its sublineages show pronounced viral escape from neutralizing antibodies elicited by vaccination or prior SARS-CoV-2 variant infection owing to over 30-amino acid alterations within the spike (S) glycoprotein. Breakthrough infection of vaccinated individuals with Omicron sublineages BA.1 and BA.2 is associated with distinct patterns of cross-neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). In continuation of our previous work, we characterized the effect of Omicron BA.4/BA.5 S glycoprotein exposure on the neutralizing antibody response upon breakthrough infection in vaccinated individuals and upon variant-adapted booster vaccination in mice. We found that immune sera from triple mRNA-vaccinated individuals with subsequent breakthrough infection during the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 wave showed cross-neutralizing activity against previous Omicron variants BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, and BA.4/BA.5 itself. Administration of a prototypic BA.4/BA.5-adapted mRNA booster vaccine to mice after SARS-CoV-2 wild-type strain-based primary immunization is associated with broader cross-neutralizing activity than a BA.1-adapted booster. Whereas the Omicron BA.1-adapted mRNA vaccine in a bivalent format (wild-type + BA.1) broadens cross-neutralizing activity relative to the BA.1 monovalent booster, cross-neutralization of BA.2 and descendants is more effective in mice boosted with a bivalent wild-type + BA.4/BA.5 vaccine. In naïve mice, primary immunization with the bivalent wild-type + Omicron BA.4/BA.5 vaccine induces strong cross-neutralizing activity against Omicron VOCs and previous variants. These findings suggest that, when administered as boosters, mono- and bivalent Omicron BA.4/BA.5-adapted vaccines enhance neutralization breadth and that the bivalent version also has the potential to confer protection to individuals with no preexisting immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maren Bacher
- BioNTech, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Aras Toker
- BioNTech, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Cai
- Pfizer, 401 N. Middletown Rd., Pearl River, NY 10960, USA
| | - Qi Yang
- Pfizer, 401 N. Middletown Rd., Pearl River, NY 10960, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Katharina Grikscheit
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Niko Kohmer
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Ciesek
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,DZIF – German Centre for Infection Research, External Partner Site, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Özlem Türeci
- BioNTech, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,HI-TRON – Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology Mainz by DKFZ, Obere Zahlbacherstr. 63, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ugur Sahin
- BioNTech, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,TRON gGmbH – Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Freiligrathstraße 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Corresponding author.
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Lathrop SK, Cooper KG, Binder KA, Starr T, Mampilli V, Detweiler CS, Steele-Mortimer O. Salmonella Typhimurium Infection of Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages. Curr Protoc Microbiol 2018; 50:e56. [PMID: 29927091 PMCID: PMC6105500 DOI: 10.1002/cpmc.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The successful infection of macrophages by non-typhoidal serovars of Salmonella enterica is likely essential to the establishment of the systemic disease they sometimes cause in susceptible human populations. However, the interactions between Salmonella and human macrophages are not widely studied, with mouse macrophages being a much more common model system. Fundamental differences between mouse and human macrophages make this less than ideal. Additionally, the inability of human macrophage-like cell lines to replicate some properties of primary macrophages makes the use of primary cells desirable. Here we present protocols to study the infection of human monocyte-derived macrophages with Salmonella Typhimurium. These include a method for differentiating monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro and protocols for infecting them with Salmonella Typhimurium, as well as assays to measure the extent of infection, replication, and death. These protocols are useful for the investigation of both bacterial and host factors that determine the outcome of infection. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K Lathrop
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Kendal G Cooper
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Kelsey A Binder
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Tregei Starr
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Veena Mampilli
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Corrella S Detweiler
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Olivia Steele-Mortimer
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
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Groseth A, Mampilli V, Weisend C, Dahlstrom E, Porcella SF, Russell BJ, Tesh RB, Ebihara H. Molecular characterization of human pathogenic bunyaviruses of the Nyando and Bwamba/Pongola virus groups leads to the genetic identification of Mojuí dos Campos and Kaeng Khoi virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3147. [PMID: 25188437 PMCID: PMC4154671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human infection with Bwamba virus (BWAV) and the closely related Pongola virus (PGAV), as well as Nyando virus (NDV), are important causes of febrile illness in Africa. However, despite seroprevalence studies that indicate high rates of infection in many countries, these viruses remain relatively unknown and unstudied. In addition, a number of unclassified bunyaviruses have been isolated over the years often with uncertain relationships to human disease. Methodology/Principal Findings In order to better understand the genetic and evolutionary relationships among orthobunyaviruses associated with human disease, we have sequenced the complete genomes for all 3 segments of multiple strains of BWAV (n = 2), PGAV (n = 2) and NDV (n = 4), as well as the previously unclassified Mojuí dos Campos (MDCV) and Kaeng Khoi viruses (KKV). Based on phylogenetic analysis, we show that these viruses populate 2 distinct branches, one made up of BWAV and PGAV and the other composed of NDV, MDCV and KKV. Interestingly, the NDV strains analyzed form two distinct clades which differed by >10% on the amino acid level across all protein products. In addition, the assignment of two bat-associated bunyaviruses into the NDV group, which is clearly associated with mosquito-borne infection, led us to analyze the ability of these different viruses to grow in bat (RE05 and Tb 1 Lu) and mosquito (C6/36) cell lines, and indeed all the viruses tested were capable of efficient growth in these cell types. Conclusions/Significance On the basis of our analyses, it is proposed to reclassify the NDV strains ERET147 and YM176-66 as a new virus species. Further, our analysis definitively identifies the previously unclassified bunyaviruses MDCV and KKV as distinct species within the NDV group and suggests that these viruses may have a broader host range than is currently appreciated. Bunyavirus infections cause febrile illnesses of varying severity worldwide; however, despite their public health importance most remain relatively unstudied. In order to clarify the genetic relationships among African orthobunyaviruses associated with human infection, we have sequenced multiple strains of Bwamba (BWAV), Pongola (PGAV) and Nyando virus (NDV). Based on genetic analysis we showed that, while different BWAV and PGAV virus strains are closely related, NDV strains were highly variable and warrant classification as two distinct virus species. In addition, sequencing of the previously unclassified Mojuí dos Campos (MDCV) and Kaeng Khoi (KKV) viruses showed that both are closely related to NDV. This was unexpected considering that these viruses were isolated in South America and Southeast Asia, respectively, and are mainly associated with bats. Further, our experiments also indicated that BWAV and PGAV, as well as NDV, MDCV and KKV, are able to infect both bat and mosquito cell lines, suggesting that ecological studies focusing on these potential host and vector species are warranted. In the future, the availability of complete genetic information for these viruses, together with an understanding of their genetic relationships, will aid in better defining the distribution and public health impact of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Groseth
- Molecular Virology and Host-Pathogen Interaction Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Veena Mampilli
- Molecular Virology and Host-Pathogen Interaction Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Carla Weisend
- Molecular Virology and Host-Pathogen Interaction Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Eric Dahlstrom
- RML Genomics Unit, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Stephen F. Porcella
- RML Genomics Unit, Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Brandy J. Russell
- Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Robert B. Tesh
- Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Molecular Virology and Host-Pathogen Interaction Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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