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Wekking D, Leoni VP, Lambertini M, Dessì M, Pretta A, Cadoni A, Atzori L, Scartozzi M, Solinas C. CDK4/6 inhibition in hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer: Biological and clinical aspects. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 75:57-64. [PMID: 37838584 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
A dysregulated cell division, one of the key hallmarks of cancer, results in uncontrolled cellular proliferation. This aberrant process, mediated by a dysregulated cell-cycle machinery and overactivation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and 6, can potentially promote tumorigenesis. The clinical application of CDK 4/6 inhibitors, developed to inhibit cell-cycle progression, in the treatment regimens of breast cancer (BC) patients is expanding. Currently, three agents, ribociclib, palbociclib, and abemaciclib, are approved for treating patients with hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic BC. In addition, abemaciclib is FDA and EMA-approved for patients with hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative, node-positive, early BC at high risk of recurrence. Emerging data suggest potential anti-tumor effects beyond cell cycle arrest, providing novel insights into the agent's mechanisms of action. As a result, a broader application of the CDK4/6 inhibitors in patients with cancer is achieved, contributing to enhanced optimized treatment in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings. Herein, the immunomodulatory activities of CDK4/6 inhibitors, their impact on the cell's metabolic state, and the effect on the decision of the cell to undergo quiescence or senescence are discussed. Moreover, this review provides an update on clinical trial outcomes and the differences in the underlying mechanisms between the distinct CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demi Wekking
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Vera Piera Leoni
- Metabolomics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Matteo Lambertini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova, Genova, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, UOC Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Mariele Dessì
- Medical Oncology AOU Cagliari Policlinico Duilio Casula, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Pretta
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Cadoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Atzori
- Metabolomics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mario Scartozzi
- Medical Oncology AOU Cagliari Policlinico Duilio Casula, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy; Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Solinas
- Medical Oncology AOU Cagliari Policlinico Duilio Casula, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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Piras C, Pibiri M, Conte S, Ferranti G, Leoni VP, Liggi S, Spada M, Muntoni S, Caboni P, Atzori L. Metabolomics analysis of plasma samples of patients with fibromyalgia and electromagnetic sensitivity using GC-MS technique. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21923. [PMID: 36535959 PMCID: PMC9763344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic and systemic condition that causes widespread chronic pain, asthenia, and muscle stiffness, as well as in some cases depression, anxiety, and disorders of the autonomic system. The exact causes that lead to the development of FM are still unknown today. In a percentage of individuals, the symptoms of FM are often triggered and/or exacerbated by proximity to electrical and electromagnetic devices. Plasma metabolomic profile of 54 patients with fibromyalgia and self-reported electromagnetic sensitivity (IEI-EMF) were compared to 23 healthy subjects using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with multivariate statistical analysis techniques. Before the GC-MS analysis the plasma samples were extracted with a modified Folch method and then derivatized with methoxamine hydrochloride in pyridine solution and N-trimethylsilyltrifuoroacetamide. The combined analysis allowed to identify a metabolomic profile able of distinguishing IEI-EMF patients and healthy subjects. IEI-EMF patients were therefore characterized by the alteration of 19 metabolites involved in different metabolic pathways such as energy metabolism, muscle, and pathways related to oxidative stress defense and chronic pain. The results obtained in this study complete the metabolomic "picture" previously investigated on the same cohort of IEI-EMF patients with 1H-NMR spectroscopy, placing a further piece for better understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms in patients with IEI-EMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Piras
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Metabolomics Unit, University of Cagliari, Blocco A, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, CA Italy
| | - Monica Pibiri
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Metabolomics Unit, University of Cagliari, Blocco A, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, CA Italy
| | - Stella Conte
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Education, Psychology and Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Ferranti
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Education, Psychology and Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vera Piera Leoni
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Metabolomics Unit, University of Cagliari, Blocco A, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, CA Italy
| | - Sonia Liggi
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Martina Spada
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Metabolomics Unit, University of Cagliari, Blocco A, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, CA Italy
| | - Sandro Muntoni
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Metabolomics Unit, University of Cagliari, Blocco A, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, CA Italy
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Atzori
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Metabolomics Unit, University of Cagliari, Blocco A, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, CA Italy
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Piras C, Noto A, Ibba L, Deidda M, Fanos V, Muntoni S, Leoni VP, Atzori L. Contribution of Metabolomics to the Understanding of NAFLD and NASH Syndromes: A Systematic Review. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100694. [PMID: 34677409 PMCID: PMC8541039 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several differential panels of metabolites have been associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome and its related conditions, namely non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study aimed to perform a systematic review to summarize the most recent finding in terms of circulating biomarkers following NAFLD/NASH syndromes. Hence, the research was focused on NAFLD/NASH studies analysed by metabolomics approaches. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic search was conducted on the PubMed database. The inclusion criteria were (i) publication date between 2010 and 2021, (ii) presence of the combination of terms: metabolomics and NAFLD/NASH, and (iii) published in a scholarly peer-reviewed journal. Studies were excluded from the review if they were (i) single-case studies, (ii) unpublished thesis and dissertation studies, and (iii) not published in a peer-reviewed journal. Following these procedures, 10 eligible studies among 93 were taken into consideration. The metabolisms of amino acids, fatty acid, and vitamins were significantly different in patients affected by NAFLD and NASH compared to healthy controls. These findings suggest that low weight metabolites are an important indicator for NAFLD/NASH syndrome and there is a strong overlap between NAFLD/NASH and the metabolic syndrome. These findings may lead to new perspectives in early diagnosis, identification of novel biomarkers, and providing novel targets for pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (C.P.); (L.I.); (S.M.); (V.P.L.); (L.A.)
| | - Antonio Noto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (C.P.); (L.I.); (S.M.); (V.P.L.); (L.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Luciano Ibba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (C.P.); (L.I.); (S.M.); (V.P.L.); (L.A.)
| | - Martino Deidda
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
| | - Sandro Muntoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (C.P.); (L.I.); (S.M.); (V.P.L.); (L.A.)
| | - Vera Piera Leoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (C.P.); (L.I.); (S.M.); (V.P.L.); (L.A.)
| | - Luigi Atzori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (C.P.); (L.I.); (S.M.); (V.P.L.); (L.A.)
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Serreli G, Naitza MR, Zodio S, Leoni VP, Spada M, Melis MP, Boronat A, Deiana M. Ferulic Acid Metabolites Attenuate LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in Enterocyte-like Cells. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093152. [PMID: 34579029 PMCID: PMC8471535 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA) is a polyphenol pertaining to the class of hydroxycinnamic acids present in numerous foods of a plant origin. Its dietary consumption leads to the formation of several phase I and II metabolites in vivo, which represent the largest amount of ferulates in the circulation and in the intestine in comparison with FA itself. In this work, we evaluated their efficacy against the proinflammatory effects induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers, as well as the mechanisms underlying their protective action. LPS-induced overexpression of proinflammatory enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the consequent hyperproduction of nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were limited by physiological relevant concentrations (1 µM) of FA, its derivatives isoferulic acid (IFA) and dihydroferulic acid (DHFA), and their glucuronidated and sulfated metabolites, which acted upstream by limiting the activation of MAPK p38 and ERK and of Akt kinase, thus decreasing the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-ĸB) translocation into the nucleus. Furthermore, the compounds were found to promote the expression of Nrf2, which may have contributed to the downregulation of NF-ĸB activity. The overall data show that phase I/II metabolites retain the efficacy of their dietary free form in contrasting inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Serreli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.S.); (M.R.N.); (S.Z.); (V.P.L.); (M.S.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Micaela Rita Naitza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.S.); (M.R.N.); (S.Z.); (V.P.L.); (M.S.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Sonia Zodio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.S.); (M.R.N.); (S.Z.); (V.P.L.); (M.S.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Vera Piera Leoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.S.); (M.R.N.); (S.Z.); (V.P.L.); (M.S.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Martina Spada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.S.); (M.R.N.); (S.Z.); (V.P.L.); (M.S.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Maria Paola Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.S.); (M.R.N.); (S.Z.); (V.P.L.); (M.S.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Anna Boronat
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Monica Deiana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.S.); (M.R.N.); (S.Z.); (V.P.L.); (M.S.); (M.P.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-070-675-4126
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Santoru ML, Piras C, Murgia F, Leoni VP, Spada M, Murgia A, Liggi S, Lai MA, Usai P, Caboni P, Manzin A, Atzori L. Metabolic Alteration in Plasma and Biopsies From Patients With IBD. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1335-1345. [PMID: 33512485 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, with periods of latency alternating with phases of exacerbation, and include 2 forms: Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Although the etiology of IBD is still unclear, the identification and understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying IBD could reveal newly targeted intestinal alterations and determine therapeutic approaches. METHODS In this study, by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we characterized plasma and biopsies from the metabolomics profiles of patients with IBD compared with those of a control group. RESULTS The results showed a different metabolomics profile between patients with CD (n = 50) and patients with UC (n = 82) compared with the control group (n = 51). Multivariate statistical analysis of the identified metabolites in CD and UC showed changes in energetic metabolism, and lactic acid and ornithine in particular were altered in both plasma and colon biopsies. Moreover, metabolic changes were evidenced between the normal ileum and colon tissues. These differences disappeared when we compared the inflamed ileum and colon tissues, suggesting a common metabolism. CONCLUSIONS This study showed how the metabolomics profile could be a potential tool to identify intestinal alterations associated with IBD and may have application in precision medicine and for better defining the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Federica Murgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Vera Piera Leoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Martina Spada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Antonio Murgia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Sonia Liggi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia Lai
- Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Paolo Usai
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Aldo Manzin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Luigi Atzori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
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Piras C, Pibiri M, Leoni VP, Balsamo A, Tronci L, Arisci N, Mariotti S, Atzori L. Analysis of metabolomics profile in hypothyroid patients before and after thyroid hormone replacement. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1309-1319. [PMID: 33025552 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01434-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The serum metabolic changes occurring during the transition from hypothyroidism to euthyroidism are not known. This study aimed to determine the metabolomic profile in hypothyroid patients before (HypoT0) and after (HypoT1) euthyroidism achieved through levothyroxine (L-T4) treatment. METHODS Eighteen patients with overt primary hypothyroidism were recruited for the study. All patients were treated with L-T4 to achieve euthyroidism. Thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and metabolomics profiles were measured before and after 3 months of treatment. The euthyroid control group consisted of 28 healthy volunteers. Metabolomics analysis was performed using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. RESULTS 1H NMR-based metabolomics profiling of patients with newly diagnosed hypothyroidism (HypoT0) showed significantly higher levels of citrate, creatinine, glycerol, myo-inositol and serine, and lower levels of proline and taurine compared to controls. Interestingly, some metabolic changes were persistent three months after pharmacological treatments, despite normal serum TSH and thyroid hormone concentrations (HypoT1). When an Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) model was built to evaluate possible differences in the metabolic profile between HypoT0 and HypoT1, the data obtained were not significantly different. CONCLUSION These results suggest that metabolic changes in the patients with hypothyroidism may persist after normalization of serum levels of FT3, FT4, and TSH, which currently represent the gold standard in laboratory testing for diagnosis and evaluation of thyroid pathology. So, the metabolomics approach may contribute to integrate classical hormone assays and to determine the euthyroid status achievement with greater efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - M Pibiri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - V P Leoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - A Balsamo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - L Tronci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - N Arisci
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - S Mariotti
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy.
| | - L Atzori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
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Pibiri M, Sulas P, Camboni T, Leoni VP, Simbula G. α-Lipoic acid induces Endoplasmic Reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7139. [PMID: 32345994 PMCID: PMC7189383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer and a major cause of adult death. The current treatments for HCC suffer from drug resistance and poor prognosis; therefore, novel therapeutic agents are urgently needed. Phytochemicals have been proposed to treat a range of cancers. Among them, α-lipoic acid (α-LA), a naturally synthesized antioxidant found in various dietary animal and plant sources, prevents oxidant-mediated cell death in normal cells while inducing apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. Previously, we demonstrated that the treatment of hepatoma cells with α-LA induced apoptosis, which was preceded by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of the p53 protein, a known inducer of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Several studies have shown that ROS-induced apoptosis is associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) activation. Herein, we investigated if α-LA-induced apoptosis in hepatoma cell lines was ER stress- and UPR-mediated by gene expression profiling analyses. UPR and ER stress pathways were the most up-regulated after treatment with α-LA. This finding, which has been confirmed by expression analyses of ER- and UPR-associated proteins, provides a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the anti-tumoral action of α-LA on hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Pibiri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pia Sulas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tania Camboni
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Segrate, Milano, Italy
| | - Vera Piera Leoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Simbula
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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Pibiri M, Leoni VP, Atzori L. Heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor tin-protoporphyrin improves liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Life Sci 2018; 204:9-14. [PMID: 29738777 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigates the effects of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP), on rat liver regeneration following 2/3 partial hepatectomy (PH) in order to clarify the controversial role of HO-1 in the regulation of cellular growth. MAIN METHODS Male Wistar rats received a subcutaneous injection of either SnPP (10 μmoles/kg body weight) or saline 12 h before PH and 0, 12 and 24 h after surgery. Rats were killed from 0.5 to 36 h after PH. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation was used to analyze cell proliferation. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis and quantitative Real Time-PCR were used to assess molecular and cellular changes after PH. KEY FINDINGS Data obtained have shown that administration of SnPP caused an increased entry of hepatocytes into S phase after PH, as demonstrated by labeling (L.I.) and mitotic (M.I.) indexes. Furthermore, enhanced cell cycle entry in PH-animals pre-treated with SnPP was associated with an earlier activation of IL-6 and transcription factors involved in liver regeneration, such as phospho-JNK and phospho-STAT3. SIGNIFICANCE Summarizing, data here reported demonstrate that inhibition of HO-1 enhances rat liver regeneration after PH which is associated to a very rapid increase in the levels of inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, phopsho-JNK and phospho-STAT3, suggesting that HO-1 could act as a negative modulator of liver regeneration. Knowledge about the mechanisms of liver regeneration can be applied to clinical problems caused by delayed liver growth, and HO-1 repression may be a mechanism by which cells can faster proliferate in response to tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Pibiri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oncology and Molecular Pathology Unit, University of Cagliari, Via Porcell 4, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vera Piera Leoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oncology and Molecular Pathology Unit, University of Cagliari, Via Porcell 4, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Atzori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oncology and Molecular Pathology Unit, University of Cagliari, Via Porcell 4, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
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Fadda A, Gentilini D, Moi L, Barault L, Leoni VP, Sulas P, Zorcolo L, Restivo A, Cabras F, Fortunato F, Zavattari C, Varesco L, Gismondi V, De Miglio MR, Scanu AM, Colombi F, Lombardi P, Sarotto I, Loi E, Leone F, Giordano S, Di Nicolantonio F, Columbano A, Zavattari P. Colorectal cancer early methylation alterations affect the crosstalk between cell and surrounding environment, tracing a biomarker signature specific for this tumor. Int J Cancer 2018. [PMID: 29542109 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops through the accumulation of both genetic and epigenetic alterations. However, while the former are already used as prognostic and predictive biomarkers, the latter are less well characterized. Here, performing global methylation analysis on both CRCs and adenomas by Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 Bead Chips, we identified a panel of 74 altered CpG islands, demonstrating that the earliest methylation alterations affect genes coding for proteins involved in the crosstalk between cell and surrounding environment. The panel discriminates CRCs and adenomas from peritumoral and normal mucosa with very high specificity (100%) and sensitivity (99.9%). Interestingly, over 70% of the hypermethylated islands resulted in downregulation of gene expression. To establish the possible usefulness of these non-invasive markers for detection of colon cancer, we selected three biomarkers and identified the presence of altered methylation in stool DNA and plasma cell-free circulating DNA from CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fadda
- Unit of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Davide Gentilini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genomics Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy
| | - Loredana Moi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ludovic Barault
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Vera Piera Leoni
- Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pia Sulas
- Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Zorcolo
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Surgery Center, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Angelo Restivo
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Surgery Center, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Cabras
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Surgery Center, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Fortunato
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Surgery Center, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Liliana Varesco
- Unit of Hereditary Cancer, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Viviana Gismondi
- Unit of Hereditary Cancer, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Mario Scanu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Ivana Sarotto
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Loi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Leone
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Federica Di Nicolantonio
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Amedeo Columbano
- Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zavattari
- Unit of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Pibiri M, Sulas P, Leoni VP, Perra A, Kowalik MA, Cordella A, Saggese P, Nassa G, Ravo M. Global gene expression profile of normal and regenerating liver in young and old mice. Age (Dordr) 2015; 37:9796. [PMID: 26036689 PMCID: PMC4451458 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability of the liver to regenerate and adjust its size after two/third partial hepatectomy (PH) is impaired in old rodents and humans. Here, we investigated by microarray analysis the expression pattern of hepatic genes in young and old untreated mice and the differences in gene expression profile following PH. Of the 10,237 messenger RNAs that had detectable expression, only 108 displayed a greater than 2-fold modification in gene expression levels between the two groups. These genes were involved in inflammatory and immune response, xenobiotics, and lipid and glucose metabolism. To identify the genes responsible for the different regenerative response, 10-week and 18-month-old mice subjected to PH were sacrificed at different time intervals after surgery. The results showed that 2463 transcripts had significantly different expression post PH between the two groups. However, in spite of impaired liver regeneration in old mice, cell cycle genes were similarly modified in both groups, the only exception being cyclin D1 gene which was up-regulated soon after PH in young mice, but mostly down-regulated in aged animals. Surprisingly, while in young hepatectomized mice, Yap messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was not significantly enhanced and protein expression essentially reflected the progression into cell cycle, its mRNA and protein levels were robustly increased in the liver of aged animals. Furthermore, a significant change of the age-related expression of the size regulator Yes-associated protein (YAP) was observed. Unexpectedly, while in young hepatectomized mice, Yap mRNA expression was not significantly enhanced and protein expression essentially reflected the progression into cell cycle, its mRNA and protein levels were robustly increased in the liver of aged animals. Moreover, when PH was performed on mitogen-induced enlarged livers, the earlier restoration of the original liver mass compared to animals subjected to PH only led to YAP down-regulation concomitantly with cyclin D1 up-regulation. Our data suggest that YAP activation is a size-dependent homeostatic mechanism that does not necessarily reflect cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Pibiri
- />Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Via Porcell 4, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pia Sulas
- />Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Via Porcell 4, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vera Piera Leoni
- />Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Via Porcell 4, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Perra
- />Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Via Porcell 4, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marta Anna Kowalik
- />Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Via Porcell 4, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale Saggese
- />Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 1, Baronissi, Italy
- />Genomix4Life Srl, Spin-Off of the Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nassa
- />Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 1, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Maria Ravo
- />Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 1, Baronissi, Italy
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11
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Frau C, Loi R, Petrelli A, Perra A, Menegon S, Kowalik MA, Pinna S, Leoni VP, Fornari F, Gramantieri L, Ledda-Columbano GM, Giordano S, Columbano A. Local hypothyroidism favors the progression of preneoplastic lesions to hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Hepatology 2015; 61:249-59. [PMID: 25156012 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that mediate most of the effects elicited by the thyroid hormone, 3,5,3'-L-triiodothyronine (T3). TRs have been implicated in tumorigenesis, although it is unclear whether they act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, and at which stage of tumorigenesis their dysregulation occurs. Using the resistant-hepatocyte rat model (R-H model), we found down-regulation of TRβ1 and TRα1 and their target genes in early preneoplastic lesions and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCCs), suggesting that a hypothyroid status favors the onset and progression of preneoplastic lesions to HCC. Notably, TRβ1 and, to a lesser extent, TRα1 down-regulation was observed only in preneoplastic lesions positive for the progenitor cell marker, cytokeratin-19 (Krt-19) and characterized by a higher proliferative activity, compared to the Krt-19 negative ones. TRβ1 down-regulation was observed also in the vast majority of the analyzed human HCCs, compared to the matched peritumorous liver or to normal liver. Hyperthyroidism induced by T3 treatment caused up-regulation of TRβ1 and of its target genes in Krt-19(+) preneoplastic rat lesions and was associated with nodule regression. In HCC, TRβ1 down-regulation was not the result of hypermethylation of its promoter, but was associated with an increased expression of TRβ1-targeting microRNAs ([miR]-27a, -181a, and -204). An inverse correlation between TRβ1 and miR-181a was also found in human cirrhotic peritumoral tissue, compared to normal liver. CONCLUSION Down-regulation of TRs, especially TRβ1, is an early and relevant event in liver cancer development and is species and etiology independent. The results also suggest that a hypothyroid status of preneoplastic lesions may contribute to their progression to HCC and that the reversion of this condition may represent a possible therapeutic goal to interfere with the development of this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Frau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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12
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Zhang YQ, Bianco A, Malkinson AM, Leoni VP, Frau G, De Rosa N, André PA, Versace R, Boulvain M, Laurent GJ, Atzori L, Irminger-Finger I. BARD1: an independent predictor of survival in non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2011; 131:83-94. [PMID: 21815143 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BRCA1 mRNA overexpression is correlated with poor survival in NSCLC. However, BRCA1 functions depend on the interaction with BARD1 for its stability, nuclear localization and ubiquitin ligase activity. Expression of alternatively spliced BARD1 isoforms that lack the BRCA1-interaction domain was found upregulated and correlated with poor prognosis in breast and ovarian cancer. These BARD1 isoforms are essential for proliferation of cancer cells in vitro. We investigated whether BARD1 isoforms are expressed in NSCLC. While in lung tissues from healthy controls BARD1 expression was undetectable on the mRNA level and protein level, we found two novel isoforms in addition to previously identified mRNAs expressed in all NSCLC samples tested. Furthermore, the pattern of BARD1 isoform expression was similar in tumor and morphologically normal peri-tumor tissues, and only one novel isoform π was specifically upregulated in tumors. Immunohistochemistry revealed that all 100 NSCLC cases tested expressed isoform-specific BARD1 epitopes, while BARD1 expression was undetectable in biopsies from healthy controls. Statistical analysis showed that the expression of epitopes PVC and WFS, present on isoform π, or epitope WFS alone, expressed on isoforms π, κ and β, were significantly correlated with decreased patient survival. These findings were corroborated in a mouse model of chemically induced lung cancer. Immunostaining of mouse tumors showed that BARD1 epitopes PVC and WFS were specifically upregulated in invasive, but not in confined lung tumors. Thus, BARD1 isoforms might be involved in tumor initiation and invasive progression and might represent a novel prognostic marker for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Zhang
- Molecular Gynecology and Obstetrics Laboratory, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Manenti G, Galbiati F, Pettinicchio A, Spinola M, Piconese S, Leoni VP, Conti B, Ravagnani F, Incarbone M, Pastorino U, Dragani TA. A V141L polymorphism of the human LRMP gene is associated with survival of lung cancer patients. Carcinogenesis 2006; 27:1386-90. [PMID: 16410263 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgi332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse Lrmp and Casc1 genes are candidates for the pulmonary adenoma susceptibility 1 (Pas1) locus, the major determinant of strain variation in lung tumor susceptibility. These genes contain coding and non-coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with lung tumor risk in mice. Analysis of LRMP and CASC1 gene SNPs in 361 lung adenocarcinoma (ADCA) patients and 327 healthy controls revealed common SNPs in LRMP (V141L and S197C) and CASC1 (R33S and three intronic variations), and none showed a significant association with lung ADCA risk. However, in the time-dependent Cox regression model, after adjustment for age, gender, smoking history and clinical stage, the carrier status of the Leu variation (V141L) of the LRMP gene was associated with higher mortality in patients with age at tumor onset < or = 65 years [hazard ratio (HR) 2.3; 95% CI 1.4-3.7; P = 0.001]. These findings suggest that the LRMP V141L polymorphism can predict survival in lung ADCA and that the role of LRMP and CASC1 in human lung cancer risk may differ from that in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Manenti
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Laboratories, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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14
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Raimondi S, Boffetta P, Anttila S, Bröckmoller J, Butkiewicz D, Cascorbi I, Clapper ML, Dragani TA, Garte S, Gsur A, Haidinger G, Hirvonen A, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Kalina I, Lan Q, Leoni VP, Le Marchand L, London SJ, Neri M, Povey AC, Rannug A, Reszka E, Ryberg D, Risch A, Romkes M, Ruano-Ravina A, Schoket B, Spinola M, Sugimura H, Wu X, Taioli E. Metabolic gene polymorphisms and lung cancer risk in non-smokers. An update of the GSEC study. Mutat Res 2005; 592:45-57. [PMID: 16009381 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since genetic factors may play an important role in lung cancer development at low dose carcinogen exposure, non-smokers are a good model to study genetic susceptibility and its interaction with environmental factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the role of the metabolic gene polymorphisms CYP1A1MspI, CYP1A1Ile462Val, GSTM1, and GSTT1 in non-smoker lung cancer patients from the International Collaborative Study on Genetic Susceptibility to Environmental Carcinogens (GSEC). Non-smokers (defined as subjects who never smoked on a regular basis) were selected from the GSEC database. We pooled the raw data from 21 case-control studies for a total of 2764 Caucasians (555 cases and 2209 controls) and 383 Asians (113 cases and 270 controls). Tests of heterogeneity and of inclusion bias were performed. RESULTS A significant association between lung cancer and CYP1A1Ile462Val polymorphism was observed in Caucasians (adjusted OR=2.04, 95% CI 1.17-3.54). GSTT1 deletion seems to be a risk factor for lung cancer in Caucasian non smokers only when the analysis was restricted to studies including healthy controls (adjusted OR=1.66, 95% CI 1.12-2.46). A protective effect on lung cancer was observed with the combination of CYP1A1 wild type, GSTM1 null, and GSTT1 non-null genotypes. None of the analysed polymorphisms were associated with lung cancer in Asian non-smokers. DISCUSSION Our analysis confirms previous findings that CYP1A1Ile462Val polymorphism may play a role in lung carcinogenesis in Caucasian non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Raimondi
- Fondazione Policlinico IRCCS, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, via Pace 9, 20122-Milano, Italy
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15
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Spinola M, Leoni VP, Tanuma JI, Pettinicchio A, Frattini M, Signoroni S, Agresti R, Giovanazzi R, Pilotti S, Bertario L, Ravagnani F, Dragani TA. FGFR4 Gly388Arg polymorphism and prognosis of breast and colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2005; 14:415-9. [PMID: 16012724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A functional Gly388Arg variation in the FGFR4 gene has been reported to be associated with breast and colorectal cancer prognostic parameters. To further examine the functional role of this genetic polymorphism at the population level, we assessed the presence of the Arg388 allele in 142 breast carcinoma patients, 179 colorectal carcinoma patients and 220 general population controls with respect to an association with cancer prognosis and/or risk. No significant association with cancer risk, survival or any other prognostic parameters was observed in either breast or colorectal cancer. A pooled analysis of the present and published data on nodal status by FGFR4 genotypes revealed no association in either breast cancer [odds ratio (OR), 1.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.7-1.4; 702 subjects] or colorectal cancer (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.6-3.4; 260 cases). Thus, the FGFR4 polymorphism may not be relevant in predicting nodal involvement of breast cancer or colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Spinola
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via G. Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
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