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Radzey N, Harryparsad R, Meyer B, Chen PL, Gao X, Morrison C, Taku O, Williamson A, Mehou‐Loko C, Lefebvre d'Hellencourt F, Buck G, Smit J, Strauss J, Nanda K, Ahmed K, Beksinska M, Serrano M, Bailey V, Masson L, Deese J. Genital inflammatory status and the innate immune response to contraceptive initiation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 88:e13542. [PMID: 35394678 PMCID: PMC10909525 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Data on the effects of contraceptives on female genital tract (FGT) immune mediators are inconsistent, possibly in part due to pre-existing conditions that influence immune mediator changes in response to contraceptive initiation. METHODS This study included 161 South African women randomised to injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-IM), copper intrauterine device (IUD), or levonorgestrel (LNG) implant in the Evidence for Contraceptive Options and HIV Outcomes (ECHO) trial. We measured thirteen cytokines and antimicrobial peptides previously associated with HIV acquisition in vaginal swabs using Luminex and ELISA, before, and at 1 and 3 months after contraceptive initiation. Women were grouped according to an overall baseline inflammatory profile. We evaluated modification of the relationships between contraceptives and immune mediators by baseline inflammation, demographic, and clinical factors. RESULTS Overall, LNG implant and copper IUD initiation were associated with increases in inflammatory cytokines, while no changes were observed following DMPA-IM initiation. However, when stratifying by baseline inflammatory profile, women with low baseline inflammation in all groups experienced significant increases in inflammatory cytokines, while those with a high baseline inflammatory profile experienced no change or decreases in inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION We conclude that pre-contraceptive initiation immune profile modifies the effect of contraceptives on the FGT innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Radzey
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM)University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Rushil Harryparsad
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM)University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Bahiah Meyer
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM)University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | | | | | | | - Ongeziwe Taku
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM)University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Anna‐Lise Williamson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM)University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Celia Mehou‐Loko
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM)University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | | | - Gregory Buck
- Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Jennifer Smit
- MatCH Research Unit (MRU), Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of the WitwatersrandDurbanSouth Africa
| | | | | | - Khatija Ahmed
- Setshaba Research CentreTshwaneSouth Africa
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Mags Beksinska
- MatCH Research Unit (MRU), Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of the WitwatersrandDurbanSouth Africa
| | | | | | - Lindi Masson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM)University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Disease Elimination Program, Life Sciences DisciplineBurnet InstituteMelbourneAustralia
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South AfricaDurbanSouth Africa
- Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Jennifer Deese
- RTI InternationalResearch Triangle ParkNorth CarolinaUSA
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Goga A, Bekker LG, Garrett N, Reddy T, Yende-Zuma N, Fairall L, Moultrie H, Takalani A, Trivella V, Faesen M, Bailey V, Seocharan I, Gray GE. Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections during periods of delta and omicron predominance, South Africa. Lancet 2022; 400:269-271. [PMID: 35809579 PMCID: PMC9259009 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ameena Goga
- HIV and other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Linda-Gail Bekker
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nigel Garrett
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa; School of Nursing and Public Health, Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Tarylee Reddy
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | | | - Lara Fairall
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; King's Global Health Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Harry Moultrie
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Azwidihwi Takalani
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Veronique Bailey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ishen Seocharan
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Glenda E Gray
- Office of the President and CEO, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
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Takuva S, Takalani A, Seocharan I, Yende-Zuma N, Reddy T, Engelbrecht I, Faesen M, Khuto K, Whyte C, Bailey V, Trivella V, Peter J, Opie J, Louw V, Rowji P, Jacobson B, Groenewald P, Dorrington RE, Laubscher R, Bradshaw D, Moultrie H, Fairall L, Sanne I, Gail-Bekker L, Gray G, Goga A, Garrett N. Safety evaluation of the single-dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine among healthcare workers in the Sisonke study in South Africa: A phase 3b implementation trial. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1004024. [PMID: 35727802 PMCID: PMC9212139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Real-world evaluation of the safety profile of vaccines after licensure is crucial to accurately characterise safety beyond clinical trials, support continued use, and thereby improve public confidence. The Sisonke study aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of the Janssen Ad26.COV2.S vaccine among healthcare workers (HCWs) in South Africa. Here, we present the safety data. METHODS AND FINDINGS In this open-label phase 3b implementation study among all eligible HCWs in South Africa registered in the national Electronic Vaccination Data System (EVDS), we monitored adverse events (AEs) at vaccination sites through self-reporting triggered by text messages after vaccination, healthcare provider reports, and active case finding. The frequency and incidence rate of non-serious and serious AEs were evaluated from the day of first vaccination (17 February 2021) until 28 days after the final vaccination in the study (15 June 2021). COVID-19 breakthrough infections, hospitalisations, and deaths were ascertained via linkage of the electronic vaccination register with existing national databases. Among 477,234 participants, 10,279 AEs were reported, of which 138 (1.3%) were serious AEs (SAEs) or AEs of special interest. Women reported more AEs than men (2.3% versus 1.6%). AE reports decreased with increasing age (3.2% for age 18-30 years, 2.1% for age 31-45 years, 1.8% for age 46-55 years, and 1.5% for age > 55 years). Participants with previous COVID-19 infection reported slightly more AEs (2.6% versus 2.1%). The most common reactogenicity events were headache (n = 4,923) and body aches (n = 4,483), followed by injection site pain (n = 2,767) and fever (n = 2,731), and most occurred within 48 hours of vaccination. Two cases of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome and 4 cases of Guillain-Barré Syndrome were reported post-vaccination. Most SAEs and AEs of special interest (n = 138) occurred at lower than the expected population rates. Vascular (n = 37; 39.1/100,000 person-years) and nervous system disorders (n = 31; 31.7/100,000 person-years), immune system disorders (n = 24; 24.3/100,000 person-years), and infections and infestations (n = 19; 20.1/100,000 person-years) were the most common reported SAE categories. A limitation of the study was the single-arm design, with limited routinely collected morbidity comparator data in the study setting. CONCLUSIONS We observed similar patterns of AEs as in phase 3 trials. AEs were mostly expected reactogenicity signs and symptoms. Furthermore, most SAEs occurred below expected rates. The single-dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine demonstrated an acceptable safety profile, supporting the continued use of this vaccine in this setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04838795; Pan African Clinical Trials Registry PACTR202102855526180.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simbarashe Takuva
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Azwidhwi Takalani
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ishen Seocharan
- South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Tarylee Reddy
- South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | | | | | - Kentse Khuto
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Carmen Whyte
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Veronique Bailey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Jonathan Peter
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jessica Opie
- Division of Haematology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Vernon Louw
- Division of Clinical Haematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Barry Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital National Health Laboratory System Complex and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Pamela Groenewald
- Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rob E. Dorrington
- Centre for Actuarial Research, Faculty of Commerce, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ria Laubscher
- South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - Debbie Bradshaw
- Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Harry Moultrie
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa
| | - Lara Fairall
- Knowledge Translation Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- King’s Global Health Institute, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Sanne
- Right to Care, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Linda Gail-Bekker
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Glenda Gray
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ameena Goga
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nigel Garrett
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Vetter M, Pinto C, Bailey V, Gilbert B, Oberhaus E. 147 Meiotic competence of oocytes obtained from seasonally anovulatory mares treated with estradiol and sulpiride. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 34:311-312. [PMID: 35231354 DOI: 10.1071/rdv34n2ab147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Vetter
- Louisiana State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - C Pinto
- Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - V Bailey
- Louisiana State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - B Gilbert
- Louisiana State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - E Oberhaus
- Louisiana State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Looman J, Pipkin J, Oberhaus E, Veneklasen G, Richeson J, Baker L, Bailey V, Camp C, Smalley V. 104 Induction of cyclicity in seasonally anestrous recipient mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cole B, Bhatt P, Kwok I, Bailey V, An W, Bresilla C, Chin J, Krouse M. WS18.1 Combination FDL169/FDL176 is superior to tezacaftor/ivacaftor. J Cyst Fibros 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(17)30255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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de Kleer K, Skrutskie M, Leisenring J, Davies AG, Conrad A, de Pater I, Resnick A, Bailey V, Defrère D, Hinz P, Skemer A, Spalding E, Vaz A, Veillet C, Woodward CE. Multi-phase volcanic resurfacing at Loki Patera on Io. Nature 2017; 545:199-202. [PMID: 28492251 DOI: 10.1038/nature22339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Jovian moon Io hosts the most powerful persistently active volcano in the Solar System, Loki Patera. The interior of this volcanic, caldera-like feature is composed of a warm, dark floor covering 21,500 square kilometres surrounding a much cooler central 'island'. The temperature gradient seen across areas of the patera indicates a systematic resurfacing process, which has been seen to occur typically every one to three years since the 1980s. Analysis of past data has indicated that the resurfacing progressed around the patera in an anti-clockwise direction at a rate of one to two kilometres per day, and that it is caused either by episodic eruptions that emplace voluminous lava flows or by a cyclically overturning lava lake contained within the patera. However, spacecraft and telescope observations have been unable to map the emission from the entire patera floor at sufficient spatial resolution to establish the physical processes at play. Here we report temperature and lava cooling age maps of the entire patera floor at a spatial sampling of about two kilometres, derived from ground-based interferometric imaging of thermal emission from Loki Patera obtained on 8 March 2015 ut as the limb of Europa occulted Io. Our results indicate that Loki Patera is resurfaced by a multi-phase process in which two waves propagate and converge around the central island. The different velocities and start times of the waves indicate a non-uniformity in the lava gas content and/or crust bulk density across the patera.
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Affiliation(s)
- K de Kleer
- Department of Astronomy, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - M Skrutskie
- Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - J Leisenring
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - A G Davies
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - A Conrad
- The Large Binocular Telescope Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - I de Pater
- Department of Astronomy, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - A Resnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - V Bailey
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - D Defrère
- Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Wallonia, Belgium
| | - P Hinz
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - A Skemer
- PBSci-Astronomy and Astrophysics Department, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - E Spalding
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - A Vaz
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - C Veillet
- The Large Binocular Telescope Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - C E Woodward
- Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Zawistoski M, Sui J, Ordonez C, Mai V, Liu E, Li T, Kwok I, Kolodziej A, Kanawade A, Fitzpatrick R, Deshpande A, Dasgupta A, Cole B, Chin J, Bresilla C, Bailey V, An W, Krouse M. 32 Properties of a novel F508del-CFTR corrector FDL169. J Cyst Fibros 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(16)30272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Labelling data quantifying the exact content of individual phytoestrogen analytes in dietary supplements are generally poor. As these products are commonly used in the management of menopause symptoms, any clinical benefits would be dependent on the exact dosage of isoflavones received. Well-established extraction procedures and updated isotope dilution mass spectrometry liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS/MS) have been used to accurately quantify the concentrations of ten common isoflavones in 35 dietary supplement samples on sale in the UK, Canada and Italy. Concentration-specific ionization suppression is described for biochanin A and formononetin. All supplements contained phytoestrogens. The soya isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, glycitein) were present in all products and the majority also contained the red clover isoflavones (biochanin A, formononetin) and some the Kudzu isoflavones (daidzein, puerarin). The content of total isoflavones per dose ranged from <1 to 53 mg. Trace amounts of coumestrol were found in six products. Other less common analytes, the prenylnaringenins (6-prenylnaringenin, 8-prenylnaringenin, 6,8-diprenylnaringenin) were not found in any of the products. Only 14 of 35 supplements were found to deliver more than or equal to 40 mg day(-1) of aglycone isoflavones, a consensus dose value recognized as delivering therapeutic benefit. Eleven did not match label claims. Six delivered less than 10 mg day (-1) of isoflavones. There has been little improvement in the overall quality of industry labelling in the five years since this was last investigated. Consequently, the public, retailers and healthcare professionals should consider using standardized isoflavone supplements, which are supported by analytical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Clarke
- Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, UK.
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Abstract
The self-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was administered to two samples of 11-16 year olds: 83 young people in the community and 116 young people attending a mental health clinic. The questionnaire discriminated satisfactorily between the two samples. For example, the clinic mean for the total difficulties score was 1.4 standard deviations above the community mean, with clinic cases being over six times more likely to have a score in the abnormal range. The correlations between self-report SDQ scores and teacher--or parent rated SDQ scores--compared favourably with the average cross informant correlations in previous studies of a range of measures. The self-report SDQ appears promising and warrants further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Goodman
- Department of Child and Adolescent, Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park London, London, UK.
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Costelloe JF, Puckridge JT, Reid JRW, Pritchard J, Hudson P, Bailey V, Good M. Environmental flow requirements in arid zone rivers--a case study from the Lake Eyre Basin, central Australia. Water Sci Technol 2003; 48:65-72. [PMID: 14653635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The ARIDFLO project takes a multi-disciplinary approach to the collection and analysis of data required to formulate appropriate environmental flow requirements for rivers in the Lake Eyre Basin. The key drivers of the ecological processes underpinning the health of these rivers are identified by modelling whole-of-ecosystem biological responses to hydrological events over a range of spatial and temporal scales. First, the hydrology of these poorly gauged (often ungauged) rivers needs to be modelled and validated to mimic real flow and inundation patterns at the catchment, reach and waterbody scale. Modelled and actual discharge data are then used to provide a suite of hydrological predictor variables which, in conjunction with other environmental variables, are used to model observed biotic responses. The key hydrologic and environmental drivers identified by the statistical models need to be taken into account when determining environmental flow requirements for these river systems. Further work is required to assess the predictive power of the models in the highly variable, complex systems of the Lake Eyre Basin rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Costelloe
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Graves' disease is associated with different human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genes in different populations. This studywasdesigned to examinethe HLA class II associations with Graves' disease in Jamaicans. PATIENTS One hundred and six Jamaicans with Graves' disease and 104 controls. DESIGN Oligotyping for HLA-DRB1, DRB3, DQA1 and DQB1 alleles was performed using the polymerase chain reaction sequence specific oligonucleotide probe (PCR-SSOP) technique. RESULTS The frequency of HLA-DRB3 *0101 was increased significantly in the patients compared to controls (38.7% vs. 19.2%; RR = 2.72; Pc < 0.015). The protective alleles for Graves' disease were DRB1 *0901 (0.9% vs. 20.2%; RR = 0.04; Pc < 0.001), DRB1*1001 (0.0% vs. 11%; RR = 0.0%; Pc < 0.01) and DRB4 *0101 (0.0% vs. 12.5%; RR = 0.0; Pc < 0.05). A high female to male ratio of Graves' disease, 25 :1, was observed. Other associated autoimmune diseases were rare and no significant HLA class II associations were found with clinical markers of disease. CONCLUSIONS Jamaican patients with Graves' disease share the DRB3 *0101 susceptible allele and the DRB4 *01 protective allele but not the susceptible haplotype DRB1 *0301, DRB3*0101, DQA1*0501 with Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Smikie
- Department of Microbiology, University of the West Indies, Jamaica.
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Abstract
The self-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was administered to two samples of 11-16 year olds: 83 young people in the community and 116 young people attending a mental health clinic. The questionnaire discriminated satisfactorily between the two samples. For example, the clinic mean for the total difficulties score was 1.4 standard deviations above the community mean, with clinic cases being over six times more likely to have a score in the abnormal range. The correlations between self-report SDQ scores and teacher- or parent-rated SDQ scores compared favourably with the average cross-informant correlations in previous studies of a range of measures. The self-report SDQ appears promising and warrants further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Goodman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Pang AH, Laf KY, Bailey V. Children's consent to psychiatric treatment: all or nothing? Int J Clin Pract 1997; 51:412-3. [PMID: 9489078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An adolescent with a history of attempted suicide who refused to involve his father in the treatment plan is presented. Issues surrounding consent to psychiatric treatment in childhood are discussed and the assessment process outlined. Contributions by primary healthcare professionals are emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Pang
- Hounslow Child Resource Centre, Hounslow, Middlesex
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Bailey V, Morris-Thompson T. Effective purchasing: the nurse's role. Nurs Manag (Harrow) 1996; 3:24-5. [PMID: 8716645 DOI: 10.7748/nm.3.2.24.s21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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16
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Light D, Bailey V. Pound foolish. Health Serv J 1993; 103:16-8. [PMID: 10124648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Light
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
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Affiliation(s)
- L Corrine
- Boston Department of Health and Hospitals' Healthy Child Program, MA
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Abstract
This study compared a group of nondisabled children (ND) with groups of learning-disabled children who were primarily impaired in reading and arithmetic skills (Reading-Arithmetic Disabled; RAD) and arithmetic but not reading (Arithmetic Disabled; AD) on a set of tasks involving comprehension and production of verbally and nonverbally presented events. Children viewed videotaped scenarios presented in verbal (narrative) and nonverbal (puppet actors) formats and were asked to describe or enact with puppets the events depicted in the stories. Rourke (1978, 1982) has shown that RAD children have problems with verbal skills, whereas AD children have problems with nonverbal skills. Consequently, it was hypothesized that children's performance in comprehending and reproducing stories would be related to the type of learning disability. Results showed that RAD children made more errors than AD children with verbal presentations and describe-responses, whereas AD children made more errors than RAD children with nonverbal presentations and enact-responses. In addition, learning disabled children were more likely than controls to misinterpret affect and motivation depicted in the stories. These results show that learning disabled children have problems with social communication skills, but that the nature of these problems varies with the type of learning disability.
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Abstract
Data are presented on headaches and stomachaches in a sample of 189 3-year-old children obtained as part of community based study. These data provide a partial replication of an earlier study on a separate sample of children [Zuckerman, B., Stevenson, J. and Bailey, V. (1987). Stomachaches and headaches in a community sample of preschool children. Pediatrics, 79, 677-682]. The results supported the previous findings of a link between family factors and recurrent stomachache, and a less strong association with headaches. The conclusions reinforce the notion that these two somatic symptoms should be considered separately in preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stevenson
- Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, U.K
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Zuckerman B, Stevenson J, Bailey V. Sleep problems in early childhood: continuities, predictive factors, and behavioral correlates. Pediatrics 1987; 80:664-71. [PMID: 3670967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A longitudinal study, based on interviews with 308 middle-class, preponderantly white mothers, provided an opportunity to evaluate the continuity, predictive factors, and behavioral correlates of sleep problems in young children. When their children were 8 months old, 10% of the mothers reported that their babies woke three or more times per night, 8% reported that the babies took an hour or more to settle after waking, 5% complained that their own sleep was severely disrupted by the child, and 18% reported at least one of these problems. At 3 years of age, 29% of the children had difficulty getting to bed and/or falling asleep or staying asleep. Of children with a sleep problem at 8 months of age, 41% still had a problem at 3 years of age, whereas only 26% of children without a problem at 8 months of age had a problem at 3 years of age (P less than .001). Among children with sleep problems at 8 months of age, mothers' depressed feelings were the only measured demographic or psychosocial factor associated with persistent sleep problems (P = .02). A separate analysis indicated that these depressed feelings did not appear to be a consequence of the child's sleep problem. Future studies should evaluate how maternal depression interacts with other factors to result in persistent sleep problems. Children with persistent sleep problems were more likely to have behavior problems, especially tantrums (P less than .02) and behavior management problems (P less than .01), than were children without persistent sleep problems (P less than .02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zuckerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston City Hospital, Boston University School of Medicine 02118
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Prabhakar P, Bailey V. Influenza virus infections in Jamaica between 1977 and 1985. W INDIAN MED J 1987; 36:131-9. [PMID: 3424790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Zuckerman B, Stevenson J, Bailey V. Stomachaches and headaches in a community sample of preschool children. Pediatrics 1987; 79:677-82. [PMID: 3575021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidemiology of recurrent stomachache and headache was studied in a community sample of 308 preschool children, most of whom were white. When the children were 3 years old, interviews with their mothers indicated that 3% had recurrent headaches and 9% had recurrent stomachaches. Children with recurrent stomachaches were more likely than those without recurrent stomachaches to have mothers who were emotionally depressed (P less than .01), had marital problems (P less than .05), and perceived their own health as poor (P less than .05). When maternal poor health was controlled, depression was still associated with their children having stomachaches (P less than .05). Prospectively collected data demonstrate that children with recurrent stomachaches did not have bowel difficulties when they were infants. Other psychosocial stresses and demographic factors were not associated with stomachaches. The only variable associated with recurrent headache was maternal depression. Children with recurrent headaches or stomachaches were more likely to have behavior problems, as measured by the Behavior Screening Questionnaire, than were children without these symptoms. The analysis presents new data on these common symptoms of childhood.
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Greenwood CR, Dinwiddie G, Bailey V, Carta JJ, Dorsey D, Kohler FW, Nelson C, Rotholz D, Schulte D. Field replication of classwide peer tutoring. J Appl Behav Anal 1987; 20:151-60. [PMID: 3610894 PMCID: PMC1285965 DOI: 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a large-scale field replication study of classwide peer tutoring applied to spelling instruction (Greenwood, Delquadri, & Hall, 1984). Two hundred and eleven inner-city students in four schools participated during their first- and second-grade school years. The effects of classwide peer tutoring were compared to teacher instructional procedures and pretest probes using a group replication design (Barlow, Hayes, & Nelson, 1984). Analysis of group and individual results indicated that (a) both teacher instructional procedures and classwide peer tutoring were effective in increasing spelling performance above pretest levels, (b) peer tutoring produced statistically greater gains relative to the teachers' procedures for both low and high student groups formed on pretest levels, (c) these outcomes were representative of groups, classes, individuals, and years during the project, and (d) participant satisfaction with the program was generally high. A separate analysis of the social importance of treatment outcome revealed differential findings for low and high groups related to pretest levels. Implications of these findings are discussed.
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Bailey V, Terman MR. Update on the least weasel (Mustela nivalis) in Kansas. Trans Kans Acad Sci 1986; 89:62-5. [PMID: 3716071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Bailey V, Graham P, Boniface D. How much child psychiatry does a general practitioner do? J R Coll Gen Pract 1978; 28:621-6. [PMID: 739464 PMCID: PMC2158883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Eleven general practitioners recorded information on relevant psychological and social factors on 1,127 consecutive attendances of children and adolescents under the age of 18 years. The proportion of 'pure' psychological problems was low (3.5 per cent of all attendances), but in 25.7 per cent of attendances a psychological component to the presenting problem existed. Non-specific 'emotional' problems were the most frequent psychological symptoms noted, but management problems in infancy and early childhood were also common. There were significant differences between practitioners in the proportion of 'purely physical' diagnoses made and in action taken at the time of attendance. The findings suggest that paediatric training of general practitioners should contain a considerable child psychiatric component.
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Bailey V. A Typical Specimen of the Eastern Elk from Pennsylvania. J Mammal 1937. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/18.1.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bailey V. Bears Eat Cascara Berries. J Mammal 1923. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/4.1.53-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bailey V. Second Report of Committee on Breeding Furbearing Animals. J Hered 1909. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/os-5.1.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bailey V. The Otter as a Fur Bearer. J Hered 1909. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/os-5.1.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bailey V. Report of the Committee on Breeding Fur-Bearing Animals. J Hered 1908. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/os-4.1.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bailey V. A NEW NAME FOR MICROTUS INSULARIS BAILEY. Science 1898; 8:782-3. [PMID: 17775498 DOI: 10.1126/science.8.205.782-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ingersoll E, Bailey V. DISCUSSION AND CORRESPONDENCE. Science 1898; 7:172-3. [PMID: 17777643 DOI: 10.1126/science.7.162.172-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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