1
|
Soto ME, Pérez-Torres I, Manzano-Pech L, Palacios-Chavarría A, Valdez-Vázquez RR, Guarner-Lans V, Soria-Castro E, Díaz-Díaz E, Castrejón-Tellez V. Redox Homeostasis Alteration Is Restored through Melatonin Treatment in COVID-19 Patients: A Preliminary Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4543. [PMID: 38674128 PMCID: PMC11050031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Type II pneumocytes are the target of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which alters their redox homeostasis to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS). Melatonin (MT) has antioxidant proprieties and protects mitochondrial function. In this study, we evaluated whether treatment with MT compensated for the redox homeostasis alteration in serum from COVID-19 patients. We determined oxidative stress (OS) markers such as carbonyls, glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiols, nitrites (NO2-), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and thiol groups in serum. We also studied the enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), reductase (GR), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) and peroxidases. There were significant increases in LPO and carbonyl quantities (p ≤ 0.03) and decreases in TAC and the quantities of NO2-, thiols, and GSH (p < 0.001) in COVID-19 patients. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as ecSOD, TrxR, GPx, GST, GR, and peroxidases were decreased (p ≤ 0.04) after the MT treatment. The treatment with MT favored the activity of the antioxidant enzymes that contributed to an increase in TAC and restored the lost redox homeostasis. MT also modulated glucose homeostasis, functioning as a glycolytic agent, and inhibited the Warburg effect. Thus, MT restores the redox homeostasis that is altered in COVID-19 patients and can be used as adjuvant therapy in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Soto
- Research Direction, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (L.M.-P.); (E.S.-C.)
| | - Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (L.M.-P.); (E.S.-C.)
| | - Adrían Palacios-Chavarría
- Critical Care Units, Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center, Mexico City 11200, Mexico; (A.P.-C.); (R.R.V.-V.)
| | | | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (V.G.-L.)
| | - Elizabeth Soria-Castro
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (L.M.-P.); (E.S.-C.)
| | - Eulises Díaz-Díaz
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14000, Mexico;
| | - Vicente Castrejón-Tellez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (V.G.-L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Torres-Narváez JC, Pérez-Torres I, del Valle-Mondragón L, Castrejón-Tellez V, Guarner-Lans V, Sánchez-Aguilar M, Varela-López E, Vargas-González Á, Pastelín-Hernández G, Díaz-Juárez JA. Garlic prevents the oxidizing and inflammatory effects of sepsis induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide at the systemic and aortic level in the rat. Role of trpv1. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21230. [PMID: 38045135 PMCID: PMC10692780 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) possesses healing properties for diseases like systemic arterial hypertension, cancer and diabetes, among others. Its main component, allicin, binds to the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 (TRPV1). In this study, we investigated TRPV1's involvement in the regulation of various molecules at the systemic and aortic levels in Wistar rats treated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and garlic to activate the receptor. The experimental groups were as follows: 1) Control, 2) LPS, 3) Garlic, and 4) LPS + Garlic. Using Uv-visible spectrophotometry and capillary zone electrophoresis, we measured the levels of nitric oxide (NO), biopterins BH2 and BH4, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and oxidizing capacity (OXCA). We also analyzed molecules related to vascular homeostasis such as angiotensin Ang 1-7 and Ang II, as well as endothelin ET-1. In addition, we assessed the inflammatory response by determining the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and galectin-3 (GTN-3). For cell damage assessment, we measured levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), malonate (MTO) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8HO2dG). The results showed that LPS influenced the NO pathway at both systemic and aortic levels by increasing OXCA and reducing TAC. It also disrupted vascular homeostasis by increasing Ang-II and ET-1, while decreasing Ang1-7 levels. IL-6, TNFα, GTN-3, as well as MDA, MTO, and 8HO2dG were significantly elevated compared to the control group. The expression of iNOS was increased, but TRPV1 remained unaffected by LPS. However, garlic treatment effectively mitigated the effects of LPS and significantly increased TRPV1 expression. Furthermore, LPS caused a significant decrease in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the aorta, which was counteracted by garlic treatment. Overall, TRPV1 appears to play a crucial role in regulating oxidative stress and the molecules involved in damage and inflammation induced by LPS. Thus, studying TRPV1, CGRP, and allicin may offer a potential strategy for mitigating inflammatory and oxidative stress in sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Torres-Narváez
- Departamento de Farmacología Dr. Rafael Méndez Martínez, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leonardo del Valle-Mondragón
- Departamento de Farmacología Dr. Rafael Méndez Martínez, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Vicente Castrejón-Tellez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María Sánchez-Aguilar
- Departamento de Farmacología Dr. Rafael Méndez Martínez, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elvira Varela-López
- Laboratorio de Cardiología Translacional, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Translacional UNAM/INCAR, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Álvaro Vargas-González
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Pastelín-Hernández
- Departamento de Farmacología Dr. Rafael Méndez Martínez, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Julieta Anabell Díaz-Juárez
- Departamento de Farmacología Dr. Rafael Méndez Martínez, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, 14080, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rubio-Ruiz ME, Guarner-Lans V, Cano-Martínez A, Díaz-Díaz E, Manzano-Pech L, Gamas-Magaña A, Castrejón-Tellez V, Tapia-Cortina C, Pérez-Torres I. Resveratrol and Quercetin Administration Improves Antioxidant DEFENSES and reduces Fatty Liver in Metabolic Syndrome Rats. Molecules 2019; 24:E1297. [PMID: 30987086 PMCID: PMC6479544 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixtures of resveratrol (RSV) + quercetin (QRC) have antioxidant properties that probably impact on fatty liver in metabolic syndrome (MS) individuals. Here, we study the effects of a mixture of RSV + QRC on oxidative stress (OS) and fatty liver in a rat model of MS. Weanling male Wistar rats were separated into four groups (n = 8): MS rats with 30% sucrose in drinking water plus RSV + QRC (50 and 0.95 mg/kg/day, respectively), MS rats without treatment, control rats (C), and C rats plus RSV + QRC. MS rats had increased systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, insulin levels, insulin resistance index homeostasis model (HOMA), adiponectin, and leptin. The RSV + QRC mixture compensated these variables to C values (p < 0.01) in MS rats. Lipid peroxidation and carbonylation were increased in MS. Total antioxidant capacity and glutathione (GSH) were decreased in MS and compensated in MS plus RVS + QRC rats. Catalase, superoxide dismutase isoforms, peroxidases, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and the expression of Nrf2 were decreased in MS and reversed in MS plus RVS + QRC rats (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the mixture of RSV + QRC has benefic effects on OS in fatty liver in the MS rats through the improvement of the antioxidant capacity and by the over-expression of the master factor Nrf2, which increases the antioxidant enzymes and GSH recycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Esther Rubio-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Agustina Cano-Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Eulises Díaz-Díaz
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14000, Mexico.
| | - Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Anel Gamas-Magaña
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Vicente Castrejón-Tellez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Concepción Tapia-Cortina
- Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades. Licenciatura en Promoción de la Salud. Academia de salud comunitaria. Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México; Plantel San Lorenzo Tezonco, Mexico City 06720, Mexico.
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Castrejón-Tellez V, Rodríguez-Pérez JM, Pérez-Torres I, Pérez-Hernández N, Cruz-Lagunas A, Guarner-Lans V, Vargas-Alarcón G, Rubio-Ruiz ME. The Effect of Resveratrol and Quercetin Treatment on PPAR Mediated Uncoupling Protein (UCP-) 1, 2, and 3 Expression in Visceral White Adipose Tissue from Metabolic Syndrome Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071069. [PMID: 27399675 PMCID: PMC4964445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are members of the mitochondrial anion carrier superfamily involved in the control of body temperature and energy balance regulation. They are currently proposed as therapeutic targets for treating obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). We studied the gene expression regulation of UCP1, -2, and -3 in abdominal white adipose tissue (WAT) from control and MetS rats treated with two doses of a commercial mixture of resveratrol (RSV) and quercetin (QRC). We found that UCP2 was the predominantly expressed isoform, UCP3 was present at very low levels, and UCP1 was undetectable. The treatment with RSV + QRC did not modify UCP3 levels; however, it significantly increased UCP2 mRNA in control and MetS rats in association with an increase in oleic and linoleic fatty acids. WAT from MetS rats showed a significantly increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and PPAR-γ when compared to the control group. Furthermore, PPAR-α protein levels were increased by the highest dose of RSV + QRC in the control and MetS groups. PPAR-γ expression was only increased in the control group. We conclude that the RSV + QRC treatment leads to overexpression of UCP2, which is associated with an increase in MUFA and PUFA, which might increase PPAR-α expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Castrejón-Tellez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - José Manuel Rodríguez-Pérez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Nonanzit Pérez-Hernández
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Lagunas
- Department of Immunology Research, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - María Esther Rubio-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rubio-Ruíz ME, Del Valle-Mondragón L, Castrejón-Tellez V, Carreón-Torres E, Díaz-Díaz E, Guarner-Lans V. Angiotensin II and 1-7 during aging in Metabolic Syndrome rats. Expression of AT1, AT2 and Mas receptors in abdominal white adipose tissue. Peptides 2014; 57:101-8. [PMID: 24819472 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) plays an important role in the development of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and in aging. Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) has opposite effects to Ang II. All of the components of RAS are expressed locally in adipose tissue and there is over-activation of adipose RAS in obesity and hypertension. We determined serum and abdominal adipose tissue Ang II and Ang 1-7 in control and MS rats during aging and the expression of AT1, AT2 and Mas in white adipose tissue. MS was induced by sucrose ingestion during 6, 12 and 18 months. During aging, an increase in body weight, abdominal fat and dyslipidemia were found but increases in aging MS rats were higher. Control and MS concentrations of serum Ang II from 6-month old rats were similar. Aging did not modify Ang II seric concentration in control rats but decreased it in MS rats. Ang II levels increased in WAT from both groups of rats. Serum and adipose tissue Ang 1-7 increased during aging in MS rats. Western blot analysis revealed that AT1 expression increased in the control group during aging while AT2 and Mas remained unchanged. In MS rats, AT1 and AT2 expression decreased significantly in aged rats. The high concentration of Ang 1-7 and adiponectin in old MS rats might be associated to an increased expression of PPAR-γ. PPAR-γ was increased in adipose tissue from MS rats. It decreased with aging in control rats and showed no changes during aging in MS rats. Ang 1-7/Mas axis was the predominant pathway in WAT from old MS animals and could represent a potential target for therapeutical strategies in the treatment of MS during aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Rubio-Ruíz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - L Del Valle-Mondragón
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología ``Ignacio Chávez'' Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - V Castrejón-Tellez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - E Carreón-Torres
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología ``Ignacio Chávez'' Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - E Díaz-Díaz
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y de la Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - V Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico D.F., Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|