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Mourão TC, Bezerra SM, de Almeida E Paula F, Rocha MM, Santos VE, Brazão Junior ES, Abreu D, da Costa WH, Zequi SDC. Prognostic role of the immunohistochemical expression of proteins related to the renin-angiotensin system pathway in nonmetastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2023:S1078-1439(23)00190-4. [PMID: 37286405 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stage migration has been observed in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in recent decades; however, mortality rates have continuously increased in some countries. Tumoral factors have been characterized as major predictors of RCC. Nonetheless, this concept can be improved by combining these tumoral factors with other variables, including biomolecular factors. PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression and prognostic value of renin (REN), erythropoietin (EPO), and cathepsin D (CTSD), and to evaluate whether the concomitant expression of these markers can influence the prognostic outcomes in patients without metastasis. MATERIAL AND METHODS In total, 729 patients with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) who underwent surgical treatment between 1985 and 2016 were evaluated. All the cases in the tumor bank were reviewed by dedicated uropathologists. The IHC expression patterns of the markers were assessed using a tissue microarray. REN and EPO were classified as "positive" or "negative" expression. CTSD was grouped into "absent or weak expression" or "strong expression." Associations between clinical and pathological variables and the studied markers, in addition to 10-year overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and recurrence-free survival rates, were described. RESULTS REN and EPO expressions were positive in 70.6% and 86.6% of patients, respectively. Absent or weak and strong expressions of CTSD were observed in 58.2% and 41.3% of the patients, respectively. EPO expression had no impact on survival rates even when assessed concomitantly with REN. Negative REN expression was associated with advanced age, preoperative anemia, larger tumors, perirenal fat, hilum or renal sinus infiltration, microvascular invasion, necrosis, high nuclear grade, and clinical stages III to IV. In contrast, strong CTSD expression was associated with poor prognostic variables. The expression patterns of REN and CTSD were unfavorable predictors of the 10-year OS and CSS. In particular, the combination of negative REN and strong CTSD expression had a negative impact on these rates, including a higher risk of recurrence. CONCLUSION Loss of REN expression and strong CTSD expression were independent prognostic factors in nonmetastatic ccRCC, particularly when the concomitant expression pattern of both markers was present. EPO expression did not influence survival rates in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Camelo Mourão
- Department of Urology, Fundação Antônio Prudente, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Stephania Martins Bezerra
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Fundação Antônio Prudente, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mauricio Murce Rocha
- Department of Urology, Fundação Antônio Prudente, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Walter Henriques da Costa
- Department of Urology, Fundação Antônio Prudente, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stênio de Cássio Zequi
- Department of Urology, Fundação Antônio Prudente, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Graduate School, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mourão TC, Bezerra SM, Santos VE, Brazão ES, da Costa WH, Zequi SDC. Role of the Renin-Angiotensin System Components in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Literature Review. Curr Urol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11934-023-01160-x. [PMID: 37074633 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-023-01160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The physiological aspects of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components are described in this review. Additionally, we present the main results of studies that could indicate an association between alterations in these components and cancer, particularly renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RECENT FINDINGS The RAS undergoes a series of homeostatic and modulatory processes that extend to hypertrophy, hyperplasia, fibrosis, and remodeling, as well as angiogenesis, pro-inflammatory responses, cell differentiation, stem cell programming, and hematopoiesis. The link between cancer-related inflammation and RAS signaling converge in the response to tumor hypoxia and oxidative stress mechanisms, particularly with the angiotensin type 1 receptor leading to activation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), as well as members of the signal transducer and activation of transcription (STAT) family and HIF1⍺. Dysregulation of the physiological actions of RAS in the microenvironment of inflammation and angiogenesis promotes tumor cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Camelo Mourão
- Department of Urology, Fundação Antônio Prudente, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Stephania Martins Bezerra
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Fundação Antônio Prudente, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Prof. Antônio Prudente, São Paulo, 211, Brazil
| | | | - Eder Silveira Brazão
- Department of Urology, Fundação Antônio Prudente, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walter Henriques da Costa
- Department of Urology, Fundação Antônio Prudente, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stênio de Cássio Zequi
- Department of Urology, Fundação Antônio Prudente, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate School, Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Santos VE, Fornazieri L, Brazão ES, Pinto PR, da Costa WH, Zequi SDC. Primary laparoscopic RPLND for pure seminona metastasis: feasibility of supine and lateral approaches. Int Braz J Urol 2023; 49:269-270. [PMID: 36037258 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2022.0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (RPLND) is well established as a primary treatment, especially for high-risk stage I and stage IIA/B nonseminomatous tumors, but its value in seminomatous tumors is underreported (1). Classically, seminomas with isolated retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy are treated with external beam radiation therapy or systemic chemotherapy. Although these modalities are effective, they are associated with significant long-term morbidity (2, 3). Some retrospective studies have demonstrated the potential of RPLND as a first-line treatment for stage IIa seminoma, and two very recent prospective trials, still with interim results: SEMS TRIAL and PRIMETEST(3-7). The RPLND robotic technique has been previously described in the post-chemotherapy scenario, however, surgical videos of primary laparoscopic approach are lacking, especially in seminomatous disease (8). MATERIALS AND METHODS We present two cases of primary videolaparoscopic RPLND, using different approaches. Case 1: Thirty four years-old, with prior right orchiectomy for mixed tumor. After 8 months he presented an two cm enlarged interaortocaval lymph node. Percutaneous biopsy showed pure seminoma metastasis. Case 2: Thirty three years-old, with previous left orchiectomy for stage I pure seminoma, without risk factors. After nine months, the patient had a three cm enlarged para-aortic lymph node. RESULTS The surgical time ranged from 150 to 210 minutes, with a maximum bleeding of 300 mL and hospital discharge in 48 hours. In one of the cases, we identified a significant desmoplastic reaction, with firm adhesions to the great vessels, requiring vascular sutures, however, no major complication occurred. Pathological anatomy confirmed pure seminoma lymph node metastases in both cases. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic primary RPLND proved to be technically feasible, with less postoperative pain and early hospital discharge. We understand that more studies should be performed to confirm our oncological results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Fornazieri
- Departamento de Urologia, Hospital A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Eder Silveira Brazão
- Departamento de Urologia, Hospital A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Plinio Ramos Pinto
- Departamento de Urologia, Hospital A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Santos VE, da Costa WH, Bezerra SM, da Cunha IW, Nobre JQC, Brazão ES, Meduna RR, Rocha MM, Fornazieri L, Zequi SDC. Prognostic Impact of Loss of SETD2 in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2021; 19:339-345. [PMID: 33839039 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the prognostic impact of immunohistochemical expression of SETD2 in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 662 patients with primary or metastatic ccRCC were evaluated. Two genitourinary pathologist reviewed all of the cases for uniform reclassification and determined the selection of the most representative tumor areas for construction of the tissue microarray (TMA). RESULTS SETD2 nuclear staining showed that 101 areas (15.3%) had negative expression, and 561 areas (84,7%) had positive expression of SETD2. The protein expression of SETD2 was associated with clinical stage (P < .001), pathological stage (P < .001), tumor size (P < .001), perinephric fat invasion (P < .001), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status (P = .004), surgery type (P < .001), International Society of Urologic Pathologists grade (P < .001), and tumor necrosis (P < .001). SETD2 influenced disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS). DSS rates in patients with positive and negative expression of SETD2 were 90.2% and 58.4%, respectively (P < .001). OS rates in patients with positive and negative expression of SETD2 were 87% and 55.4%, respectively (P < .001). In a multivariate Cox analysis, low SETD2 expression was an independent predictor of DSS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.690; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0582.700; P = .031) and OS (HR, 1.641; 95% CI, 1.039-2.593; P = .037). CONCLUSION Our study showed that the negative expression of SETD2 was associated with a worse prognosis, and it was an independent predictor of survival in patients with ccRCC. We believe that the protein expression of SETD2 is an important biomarker in the management of patients with ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter Henriques da Costa
- Division of Urology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Isabela Werneck da Cunha
- Division of Urology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo, Brazil.; Department of Pathology, Rede D'Or-São Luiz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Lucas Fornazieri
- Division of Urology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stenio de Cassio Zequi
- Division of Urology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo, Brazil
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Moura JVB, de Abreu Lima CD, Melo EAO, Santos VE, Ferreira WC, Freire PTC, Luz-Lima C. Temperature-dependent phonon dynamics of Ag 3PO 4 microcrystals. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 249:119339. [PMID: 33360056 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present the study of the temperature-dependent behavior of silver orthophosphate (Ag3PO4) microcrystals using in situ Raman scattering. The Ag3PO4 as-synthesized microcrystals were prepared by the precipitation method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman and infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Temperature-dependent phonon dynamics were performed on Ag3PO4 microcrystals and pointed to a first-order phase transition in the temperature range 500-515 °C: Phase I (25-500 °C) → Phase II (515-590 °C). The phase transition is reversible and a temperature hysteresis was observed during the heating - cooling process: Phase II (590-470 °C) → Phase I (455-25 °C). The reversible phase transition is related to the distortion of the tetrahedral symmetry of PO4 caused by the decrease in the crystalline order. DSC analysis confirmed the results of temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V B Moura
- Laboratório de Caracterização de Materiais, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Cariri, CEP 63048-080, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil.
| | - C D de Abreu Lima
- Departamento de Física, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP 64049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - E A O Melo
- Laboratório de Caracterização de Materiais, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Cariri, CEP 63048-080, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - V E Santos
- Laboratório de Caracterização de Materiais, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Cariri, CEP 63048-080, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - W C Ferreira
- Departamento de Física, Campus do Pici, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CEP 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - P T C Freire
- Departamento de Física, Campus do Pici, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CEP 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - C Luz-Lima
- Departamento de Física, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP 64049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil
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Espinheira Santos V, Costa Borges EV, de Oliveira Carneiro J, Rodrigues de Araújo JL, Araújo Andrade J. Giant Stone in Ileal Conduit. Urol Int 2019; 104:163-166. [PMID: 30889608 DOI: 10.1159/000499091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Urolithiasis is a common complication in Bricker urinary -diversions. The upper urinary tract and ureters are predominantly involved, and ileal conduit stones are rare. Treatment consists of minimally invasive techniques, and open surgery is considered only when other safe and rapid treatment options are unavailable. We report a case of a 48-year-old patient with a large stone inside of Bricker, measuring 14 cm and weighing 1.03 kg. We discuss the likely etiologies and surgical approaches.
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Santos VE, Meduna RR, Bachega W, Guimarães GC. Completely endophytic renal tumor: A laparoscopic approach. Int Braz J Urol 2018; 44:1050. [PMID: 29617076 PMCID: PMC6237520 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2017.0534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney cancer is the third most common urologic malignancy and a 2% annual increase in the incidence has occurred over the past two decades, largely because of the increased utilization of imaging. The majority of these tumors are small, so the indications for nephron-sparing surgery and for minimally invasive surgery are continually expanding. Complex kidney lesions, such as those completely endophytic, are still a challenge even for experienced surgeons. Our objective is to demonstrate the operative technique for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with the aid of intra-operative ultrasound in a man with a totally endophytic renal lesion. Case: A 52 years old man, asymptomatic, with incidental renal mass of 2.9 cm, completely endophytic (R.E.N.A.L score 9p) submitted to partial laparoscopic nephrectomy. Surgical time was 2 hours, with 20 minutes of ischemia. Pathological anatomy confirmed tumor of clear cells T1a, free margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Espinheira Santos
- Serviço de Urologia, Departamento de Cirurgia Pélvica, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Rafael Ribeiro Meduna
- Serviço de Urologia, Departamento de Cirurgia Pélvica, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Wilson Bachega
- Serviço de Urologia, Departamento de Cirurgia Pélvica, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Cardoso Guimarães
- Serviço de Urologia, Departamento de Cirurgia Pélvica, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Martínez I, El-Said Mohamed M, Santos VE, García JL, García-Ochoa F, Díaz E. Metabolic and process engineering for biodesulfurization in Gram-negative bacteria. J Biotechnol 2017; 262:47-55. [PMID: 28947364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Microbial desulfurization or biodesulfurization (BDS) is an attractive low-cost and environmentally friendly complementary technology to the hydrotreating chemical process based on the potential of certain bacteria to specifically remove sulfur from S-heterocyclic compounds of crude fuels that are recalcitrant to the chemical treatments. The 4S or Dsz sulfur specific pathway for dibenzothiophene (DBT) and alkyl-substituted DBTs, widely used as model S-heterocyclic compounds, has been extensively studied at the physiological, biochemical and genetic levels mainly in Gram-positive bacteria. Nevertheless, several Gram-negative bacteria have been also used in BDS because they are endowed with some properties, e.g., broad metabolic versatility and easy genetic and genomic manipulation, that make them suitable chassis for systems metabolic engineering strategies. A high number of recombinant bacteria, many of which are Pseudomonas strains, have been constructed to overcome the major bottlenecks of the desulfurization process, i.e., expression of the dsz operon, activity of the Dsz enzymes, retro-inhibition of the Dsz pathway, availability of reducing power, uptake-secretion of substrate and intermediates, tolerance to organic solvents and metals, and other host-specific limitations. However, to attain a BDS process with industrial applicability, it is necessary to apply all the knowledge and advances achieved at the genetic and metabolic levels to the process engineering level, i.e., kinetic modelling, scale-up of biphasic systems, enhancing mass transfer rates, biocatalyst separation, etc. The production of high-added value products derived from the organosulfur material present in oil can be regarded also as an economically viable process that has barely begun to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martínez
- Environmental Biology Department, Biological Research Center (CIB-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M El-Said Mohamed
- Research and Development Center, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - V E Santos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - J L García
- Environmental Biology Department, Biological Research Center (CIB-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio) (University of Valencia-CSIC), 46980 Paterna Valencia, Spain
| | - F García-Ochoa
- Chemical Engineering Department, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - E Díaz
- Environmental Biology Department, Biological Research Center (CIB-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Escobar S, Rodriguez A, Gomez E, Alcon A, Santos VE, Garcia-Ochoa F. Influence of oxygen transfer on Pseudomonas putida effects on growth rate and biodesulfurization capacity. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:545-54. [PMID: 26762940 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1536-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The growth rate and desulfurization capacity accumulated by the cells during the growth of Pseudomonas putida KTH2 under different oxygen transfer conditions in a stirred and sparged tank bioreactor have been studied. Hydrodynamic conditions were changed using different agitation conditions. During the culture, several magnitudes associated to growth, such as the specific growth rate, the dissolved oxygen concentration and the carbon source consumption have been measured. Experimental results indicate that cultures are influenced by the fluid dynamic conditions into the bioreactor. An increase in the stirrer speed from 400 to 700 rpm has a positive influence on the cell growth rate. Nevertheless, the increase of agitation from 700 to 2000 rpm hardly has any influence on the growth rate. The effect of fluid dynamics on the cells development of the biodesulfurization (BDS) capacity of the cells during growth is different. The activities of the intracellular enzymes involved in the 4S pathway change with dissolved oxygen concentration. The enzyme activities have been evaluated in cells at several growth time and different hydrodynamic conditions. An increase of the agitation from 100 to 300 rpm has a positive influence on the development of the overall BDS capacity of the cells during growth. This capacity shows a decrease for higher stirrer speeds and the activity of the enzymes monooxygenases DszC and DszA decreases dramatically. The highest value of the activity of DszB enzyme was obtained with cells cultured at 100 rpm, while this activity decreases when the stirrer speed was increased higher than this value.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Escobar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Rodriguez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Gomez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Alcon
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - V E Santos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felix Garcia-Ochoa
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Vesicovaginal fistula is an abnormal communication between the bladder and vagina and represents the most frequent type of fistula in the urinary tract. The most common cause in Brazil is iatrogenic fistula, secondary to histerectomia. Classically these women present continuous urinary leakage from the vagina and absence of micturition, with strong negative impact on their quality of life. We present a case of totally continent vesicovaginal fistula, with a follow-up of 11 years with no complications.
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Abstract
Xanthan gum is a microbial polysaccharide of great commercial significance. This review focuses on various aspects of xanthan production, including the producing organism Xanthomonas campestris, the kinetics of growth and production, the downstream recovery of the polysaccharide, and the solution properties of xanthan.
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Affiliation(s)
- F García-Ochoa
- Departamento Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
The use of flow cytometry (FCM) to quantitatively analyze intracellular compounds is studied. FCM is a very useful technique for individual cell studies in microbial systems, and gives access to information which cannot be obtained in any other way. Nevertheless, it provides data in arbitrary units, that is, relative data. This analytical technique could be employed for kinetic modeling of microbial systems and even for internal phenomena analysis, but for this purpose, absolute data-that is concentration of intracellular compounds-must be used. In this work, relative flow cytometry data are transformed into absolute data by means of calibrations employing the same fluorochromes with another technique: spectrofluorymetry. Calibrations of DNA, RNA, and protein intracellular concentrations are presented for the bacteria, Xanthomonas campestris. Other analytical methods, based on biochemical determinations, were also employed to quantify intracellular compounds, but the results obtained are very poor compared with those achieved by means of spectrofluorymetry (SFM). Calibration equations and data obtained by both techniques are given. Evolutions of protein and nucleic acids during Xanthomonas campestris growth and xanthan gum production are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- F García-Ochoa
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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García-Ochoa F, Delgado C, Santos VE. [Kinetic model of micro-organism growth: the case of Xanthomonas campestris]. Microbiologia 1995; 11:471-84. [PMID: 8588843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Microbial growth is studied and kinetic models to describe the process rate useful in the scale-up are proposed. The growth of Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459, a bacterium producing xanthan, a major industrial gum, is studied. Experimental data are arranged by means of different methods, and linear and non-linear regression techniques are applied in several ways (i.e. fixing or not fixing the values of certain parameters) and they are compared. To obtain parameter values with statistical meaning, two parameters must be calculated (namely, the maximum specific growth rate and the maximum biomass concentration available) by means of a non-linear regression technique employing the logistic equation. The maximum specific growth rate is related to temperature by means of different equations, but that of Ratkowsky et al. is the most suitable for X. campestris growth. Studied variables present no tendency to error and the reproduction of experimental data is very good.
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Affiliation(s)
- F García-Ochoa
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España
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