1
|
Benham PM, Cicero C, Escalona M, Beraut E, Fairbairn C, Marimuthu MPA, Nguyen O, Sahasrabudhe R, King BL, Thomas WK, Kovach AI, Nachman MW, Bowie RCK. Remarkably High Repeat Content in the Genomes of Sparrows: The Importance of Genome Assembly Completeness for Transposable Element Discovery. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae067. [PMID: 38566597 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements (TE) play critical roles in shaping genome evolution. Highly repetitive TE sequences are also a major source of assembly gaps making it difficult to fully understand the impact of these elements on host genomes. The increased capacity of long-read sequencing technologies to span highly repetitive regions promises to provide new insights into patterns of TE activity across diverse taxa. Here we report the generation of highly contiguous reference genomes using PacBio long-read and Omni-C technologies for three species of Passerellidae sparrow. We compared these assemblies to three chromosome-level sparrow assemblies and nine other sparrow assemblies generated using a variety of short- and long-read technologies. All long-read based assemblies were longer (range: 1.12 to 1.41 Gb) than short-read assemblies (0.91 to 1.08 Gb) and assembly length was strongly correlated with the amount of repeat content. Repeat content for Bell's sparrow (31.2% of genome) was the highest level ever reported within the order Passeriformes, which comprises over half of avian diversity. The highest levels of repeat content (79.2% to 93.7%) were found on the W chromosome relative to other regions of the genome. Finally, we show that proliferation of different TE classes varied even among species with similar levels of repeat content. These patterns support a dynamic model of TE expansion and contraction even in a clade where TEs were once thought to be fairly depauperate and static. Our work highlights how the resolution of difficult-to-assemble regions of the genome with new sequencing technologies promises to transform our understanding of avian genome evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phred M Benham
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Carla Cicero
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Merly Escalona
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Eric Beraut
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Colin Fairbairn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Mohan P A Marimuthu
- DNA Technologies and Expression Analysis Core Laboratory, Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Oanh Nguyen
- DNA Technologies and Expression Analysis Core Laboratory, Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ruta Sahasrabudhe
- DNA Technologies and Expression Analysis Core Laboratory, Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Benjamin L King
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - W Kelley Thomas
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Adrienne I Kovach
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Michael W Nachman
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rauri C K Bowie
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mwakibete L, Greening SS, Kalantar K, Ahyong V, Anis E, Miller EA, Needle DB, Oglesbee M, Thomas WK, Sevigny JL, Gordon LM, Nemeth NM, Ogbunugafor CB, Ayala AJ, Faith SA, Neff N, Detweiler AM, Baillargeon T, Tanguay S, Simpson SD, Murphy LA, Ellis JC, Tato CM, Gagne RB. Metagenomics for Pathogen Detection During a Mass Mortality Event in Songbirds. J Wildl Dis 2024; 60:362-374. [PMID: 38345467 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-23-00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Mass mortality events in wildlife can be indications of an emerging infectious disease. During the spring and summer of 2021, hundreds of dead passerines were reported across the eastern US. Birds exhibited a range of clinical signs including swollen conjunctiva, ocular discharge, ataxia, and nystagmus. As part of the diagnostic investigation, high-throughput metagenomic next-generation sequencing was performed across three molecular laboratories on samples from affected birds. Many potentially pathogenic microbes were detected, with bacteria forming the largest proportion; however, no singular agent was consistently identified, with many of the detected microbes also found in unaffected (control) birds and thus considered to be subclinical infections. Congruent results across laboratories have helped drive further investigation into alternative causes, including environmental contaminants and nutritional deficiencies. This work highlights the utility of metagenomic approaches in investigations of emerging diseases and provides a framework for future wildlife mortality events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabrina S Greening
- Department of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA
| | | | - Vida Ahyong
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Eman Anis
- Department of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, PADLS New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA
| | - Erica A Miller
- Department of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA
| | - David B Needle
- New Hampshire Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Michael Oglesbee
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - W Kelley Thomas
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Joseph L Sevigny
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Lawrence M Gordon
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Nicole M Nemeth
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study and Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - C Brandon Ogbunugafor
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Andrea J Ayala
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Seth A Faith
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Norma Neff
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | | | - Tessa Baillargeon
- New Hampshire Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Stacy Tanguay
- New Hampshire Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Stephen D Simpson
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Lisa A Murphy
- Department of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, PADLS New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA
| | - Julie C Ellis
- Department of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA
| | - Cristina M Tato
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Roderick B Gagne
- Department of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Barrera S, Vázquez-Flores S, Needle D, Rodríguez-Medina N, Iglesias D, Sevigny JL, Gordon LM, Simpson S, Thomas WK, Rodulfo H, De Donato M. Serovars, Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Strains from Dairy Systems in Mexico. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1662. [PMID: 38136696 PMCID: PMC10740734 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella isolated from dairy farms has a significant effect on animal health and productivity. Different serogroups of Salmonella affect both human and bovine cattle causing illness in both reservoirs. Dairy cows and calves can be silent Salmonella shedders, increasing the possibility of dispensing Salmonella within the farm. The aim of this study was to determine the genomic characteristics of Salmonella isolates from dairy farms and to detect the presence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. A total of 377 samples were collected in a cross-sectional study from calves, periparturient cow feces, and maternity beds in 55 dairy farms from the states of Aguascalientes, Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Mexico, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tlaxcala, and Zacatecas. Twenty Salmonella isolates were selected as representative strains for whole genome sequencing. The serological classification of the strains was able to assign groups to only 12 isolates, but with only 5 of those being consistent with the genomic serotyping. The most prevalent serovar was Salmonella Montevideo followed by Salmonella Meleagridis. All isolates presented the chromosomal aac(6')-Iaa gene that confers resistance to aminoglycosides. The antibiotic resistance genes qnrB19, qnrA1, sul2, aph(6)-Id, aph(3)-ld, dfrA1, tetA, tetC, flor2, sul1_15, mph(A), aadA2, blaCARB, and qacE were identified. Ten pathogenicity islands were identified, and the most prevalent plasmid was Col(pHAD28). The main source of Salmonella enterica is the maternity areas, where periparturient shedders are contaminants and perpetuate the pathogen within the dairy in manure, sand, and concrete surfaces. This study demonstrated the necessity of implementing One Health control actions to diminish the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant and virulent pathogens including Salmonella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephany Barrera
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Querétaro 76130, CP, Mexico; (S.B.); (D.I.); (H.R.)
| | - Sonia Vázquez-Flores
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Querétaro 76130, CP, Mexico; (S.B.); (D.I.); (H.R.)
| | - David Needle
- Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA;
| | - Nadia Rodríguez-Medina
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Cuernavaca 62100, MR, Mexico;
| | - Dianella Iglesias
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Querétaro 76130, CP, Mexico; (S.B.); (D.I.); (H.R.)
| | - Joseph L. Sevigny
- Department Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA; (J.L.S.); (L.M.G.); (S.S.); (W.K.T.)
| | - Lawrence M. Gordon
- Department Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA; (J.L.S.); (L.M.G.); (S.S.); (W.K.T.)
| | - Stephen Simpson
- Department Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA; (J.L.S.); (L.M.G.); (S.S.); (W.K.T.)
| | - W. Kelley Thomas
- Department Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA; (J.L.S.); (L.M.G.); (S.S.); (W.K.T.)
| | - Hectorina Rodulfo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Querétaro 76130, CP, Mexico; (S.B.); (D.I.); (H.R.)
| | - Marcos De Donato
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Querétaro 76130, CP, Mexico; (S.B.); (D.I.); (H.R.)
- The Center for Aquaculture Technologies, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peterson KL, Snyder JP, Despres HW, Schmidt MM, Eckstrom KM, Unger AL, Carmolli MP, Sevigny JL, Shirley DJ, Dragon JA, Thomas WK, Bruce EA, Crothers JW. Determining the impact of vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR cycle threshold values and infectious viral titres. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:000597.v3. [PMID: 37970082 PMCID: PMC10634488 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000597.v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, efforts to better understand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral shedding and transmission in both unvaccinated and vaccinated populations remain critical to informing public health policies and vaccine development. The utility of using real time RT-PCR cycle threshold values (CT values) as a proxy for infectious viral litres from individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 is yet to be fully understood. This retrospective observational cohort study compares quantitative infectious viral litres derived from a focus-forming viral titre assay with SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR CT values in both unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals infected with the Delta strain. Methods Nasopharyngeal swabs positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR with a CT value <27 collected from 26 June to 17 October 2021 at the University of Vermont Medical Center Clinical Laboratory for which vaccination records were available were included. Partially vaccinated and individuals <18 years of age were excluded. Infectious viral litres were determined using a micro-focus forming assay under BSL-3 containment. Results In total, 119 specimens from 22 unvaccinated and 97 vaccinated individuals met all inclusion criteria and had sufficient residual volume to undergo viral titring. A negative correlation between RT-PCR CT values and viral litres was observed in both unvaccinated and vaccinated groups. No difference in mean CT value or viral titre was detected between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Viral litres did not change as a function of time since vaccination. Conclusions Our results add to the growing body of knowledge regarding the correlation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels and levels of infectious virus. At similar CT values, vaccination does not appear to impact an individual's potential infectivity when infected with the Delta variant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. Peterson
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Julia P. Snyder
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Hannah W. Despres
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Madaline M. Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Korin M. Eckstrom
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Allison L. Unger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Marya P. Carmolli
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Joseph L. Sevigny
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - David J. Shirley
- Faraday, Inc. Data Science Department, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Julie A. Dragon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - W. Kelley Thomas
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Emily A. Bruce
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jessica W. Crothers
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Green SJ, Torok T, Allen JE, Eloe-Fadrosh E, Jackson SA, Jiang SC, Levine SS, Levy S, Schriml LM, Thomas WK, Wood JM, Tighe SW. Metagenomic Methods for Addressing NASA's Planetary Protection Policy Requirements on Future Missions: A Workshop Report. Astrobiology 2023; 23:897-907. [PMID: 37102710 PMCID: PMC10457625 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2022.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Molecular biology methods and technologies have advanced substantially over the past decade. These new molecular methods should be incorporated among the standard tools of planetary protection (PP) and could be validated for incorporation by 2026. To address the feasibility of applying modern molecular techniques to such an application, NASA conducted a technology workshop with private industry partners, academics, and government agency stakeholders, along with NASA staff and contractors. The technical discussions and presentations of the Multi-Mission Metagenomics Technology Development Workshop focused on modernizing and supplementing the current PP assays. The goals of the workshop were to assess the state of metagenomics and other advanced molecular techniques in the context of providing a validated framework to supplement the bacterial endospore-based NASA Standard Assay and to identify knowledge and technology gaps. In particular, workshop participants were tasked with discussing metagenomics as a stand-alone technology to provide rapid and comprehensive analysis of total nucleic acids and viable microorganisms on spacecraft surfaces, thereby allowing for the development of tailored and cost-effective microbial reduction plans for each hardware item on a spacecraft. Workshop participants recommended metagenomics approaches as the only data source that can adequately feed into quantitative microbial risk assessment models for evaluating the risk of forward (exploring extraterrestrial planet) and back (Earth harmful biological) contamination. Participants were unanimous that a metagenomics workflow, in tandem with rapid targeted quantitative (digital) PCR, represents a revolutionary advance over existing methods for the assessment of microbial bioburden on spacecraft surfaces. The workshop highlighted low biomass sampling, reagent contamination, and inconsistent bioinformatics data analysis as key areas for technology development. Finally, it was concluded that implementing metagenomics as an additional workflow for addressing concerns of NASA's robotic mission will represent a dramatic improvement in technology advancement for PP and will benefit future missions where mission success is affected by backward and forward contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J. Green
- Genomics and Microbiome Core Facility, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tamas Torok
- Ecology Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Emiley Eloe-Fadrosh
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Scott A. Jackson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Sunny C. Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Stuart S. Levine
- MIT BioMicro Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shawn Levy
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Lynn M. Schriml
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - W. Kelley Thomas
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jason M. Wood
- Research Informatics Core, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Scott W. Tighe
- Vermont Integrative Genomics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gendron EM, Sevigny JL, Byiringiro I, Thomas WK, Powers TO, Porazinska DL. Nematode mitochondrial metagenomics: A new tool for biodiversity analysis. Mol Ecol Resour 2023. [PMID: 36727264 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
DNA barcoding approaches have greatly increased our understanding of biodiversity on the planet, and metabarcoding is widely used for classifying members of the phylum Nematoda. However, loci typically utilized in metabarcoding studies are often unable to resolve closely related species or are unable to recover all taxa present in a sample due to inadequate PCR primer binding. Mitochondrial metagenomics (mtMG) is an alternative approach utilizing shotgun sequencing of total DNA to recover the mitochondrial genomes of all species present in samples. However, this approach requires a comprehensive reference database for identification and currently available mitochondrial sequences for nematodes are highly dominated by sequences from the order Rhabditida, and excludes many clades entirely. Here, we analysed the efficacy of mtMG for the recovery of nematode taxa and the generation of mitochondrial genomes. We first developed a curated reference database of nematode mitochondrial sequences and expanded it with 40 newly sequenced taxa. We then tested the mito-metagenomics approach using a series of nematode mock communities consisting of morphologically identified nematode species representing various feeding traits, life stages, and phylogenetic relationships. We were able to identify all but two species through the de novo assembly of COX1 genes. We were also able to recover additional mitochondrial protein coding genes (PCGs) for 23 of the 24 detected species including a full array of 12 PCGs from five of the species. We conclude that mtMG offers a potential for the effective recovery of nematode biodiversity but remains limited by the breadth of the reference database.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eli M Gendron
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph L Sevigny
- Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.,Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Innocent Byiringiro
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - W Kelley Thomas
- Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.,Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Thomas O Powers
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Dorota L Porazinska
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moser B, Moore D, Khadka B, Lyons C, Foxall T, Andam CP, Parker CJ, Ochin C, Garelnabi M, Sevigny J, Thomas WK, Bigornia S, Dao MC. Association between inflammation, lipopolysaccharide binding protein, and gut microbiota composition in a New Hampshire Bhutanese refugee population with a high burden of type 2 diabetes. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1059163. [PMID: 36687728 PMCID: PMC9852993 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1059163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction South Asian refugees experience a high risk of obesity and diabetes yet are often underrepresented in studies on chronic diseases and their risk factors. The gut microbiota and gut permeability, as assessed through circulating lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), may underlie the link between chronic inflammation and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The composition of the gut microbiota varies according to multiple factors including demographics, migration, and dietary patterns, particularly fiber intake. However, there is no evidence on the composition of the gut microbiota and its relationship with metabolic health in refugee populations, including those migrating to the United States from Bhutan. The objective of this study was to examine glycemic status in relation to LBP, systemic inflammation fiber intake, and gut microbiota composition in Bhutanese refugee adults residing in New Hampshire (n = 50). Methods This cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of Bhutanese refugee adults (N = 50) in NH. Established bioinformatics pipelines for metagenomic analysis were used to determine relative genus abundance, species richness, and alpha diversity measures from shallow shotgun sequences. The relationships between inflammatory markers, gut microbiota composition, dietary fiber, and glycemic status were analyzed. Results We identified a substantial chronic disease burden in this study population, and observed a correlation between glycemic status, LBP, and inflammation, and a correlation between glycemic status and gut microbiome alpha diversity. Further, we identified a significant correlation between proinflammatory taxa and inflammatory cytokines. SCFA-producing taxa were found to be inversely correlated with age. Conclusion To date, this is the most comprehensive examination of metabolic health and the gut microbiome in a Bhutanese refugee population in NH. The findings highlight areas for future investigations of inflammation and glycemic impairment, in addition to informing potential interventions targeting this vulnerable population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandy Moser
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Dustin Moore
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Bishnu Khadka
- Building Community in New Hampshire, Manchester, NH, United States
| | - Carrie Lyons
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Tom Foxall
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Cheryl P. Andam
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States,Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Cooper J. Parker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Chinedu Ochin
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Mahdi Garelnabi
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Joseph Sevigny
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - W. Kelley Thomas
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Sherman Bigornia
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Maria Carlota Dao
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States,*Correspondence: Maria Carlota Dao,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sierra MA, Ryon KA, Tierney BT, Foox J, Bhattacharya C, Afshin E, Butler D, Green SJ, Thomas WK, Ramsdell J, Bivens NJ, McGrath K, Mason CE, Tighe SW. Microbiome and metagenomic analysis of Lake Hillier Australia reveals pigment-rich polyextremophiles and wide-ranging metabolic adaptations. Environ Microbiome 2022; 17:60. [PMID: 36544228 PMCID: PMC9768965 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-022-00455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lake Hillier is a hypersaline lake known for its distinctive bright pink color. The cause of this phenomenon in other hypersaline sites has been attributed to halophiles, Dunaliella, and Salinibacter, however, a systematic analysis of the microbial communities, their functional features, and the prevalence of pigment-producing-metabolisms has not been previously studied. Through metagenomic sequencing and culture-based approaches, our results evidence that Lake Hillier is composed of a diverse set of microorganisms including archaea, bacteria, algae, and viruses. Our data indicate that the microbiome in Lake Hillier is composed of multiple pigment-producer microbes, including Dunaliella, Salinibacter, Halobacillus, Psychroflexus, Halorubrum, many of which are cataloged as polyextremophiles. Additionally, we estimated the diversity of metabolic pathways in the lake and determined that many of these are related to pigment production. We reconstructed complete or partial genomes for 21 discrete bacteria (N = 14) and archaea (N = 7), only 2 of which could be taxonomically annotated to previously observed species. Our findings provide the first metagenomic study to decipher the source of the pink color of Australia's Lake Hillier. The study of this pink hypersaline environment is evidence of a microbial consortium of pigment producers, a repertoire of polyextremophiles, a core microbiome and potentially novel species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Sierra
- Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Krista A Ryon
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Braden T Tierney
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jonathan Foox
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Chandrima Bhattacharya
- Tri-Institutional Computational Biology and Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Evan Afshin
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Daniel Butler
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Stefan J Green
- Genomics and Microbiome Core Facility, Rush University, New York, IL, USA
| | - W Kelley Thomas
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | | | - Nathan J Bivens
- DNA Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Christopher E Mason
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Scott W Tighe
- Advanced Genomics Laboratory, University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ennis NJ, Dharumadurai D, Sevigny JL, Wilmot R, Alnaimat SM, Bryce JG, Thomas WK, Tisa LS. Draft Genomes Sequences of 11 Geodermatophilaceae Strains Isolated from Building Stones from New England and Indian Stone Ruins found at historic sites in Tamil Nadu, India. J Genomics 2022; 10:69-77. [PMID: 36176899 PMCID: PMC9516006 DOI: 10.7150/jgen.76121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metagenomic analysis of stone microbiome from samples collected in New England, USA and Tamil Nadu, India identified numerous Actinobacteria including Geodermatphilaceae. A culture-dependent approach was performed as a companion study with this culture-independent metagenomic analysis of these stone samples and resulted in the isolation of eleven Geodermatphilaceae strains (2 Geodermatophilus and 9 Blastococcus strains). The genomes of the 11 Geodermatphilaceae strains were sequenced and analyzed. The genomes for the two Geodermatophilus isolates, DF1-2 and TF2-6, were 4.45 and 4.75 Mb, respectively, while the Blastococcus genomes ranged in size from 3.98 to 5.48 Mb. Phylogenetic analysis, digital DNA:DNA hybridization (dDDH), and comparisons of the average nucleotide identities (ANI) suggest the isolates represent novel Geodermatophilus and Blastococcus species. Functional analysis of the Geodermatphilaceae genomes provides insight on the stone microbiome niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J Ennis
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.,Present address: Seres Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dhanasekaran Dharumadurai
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.,Departments of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Joseph L Sevigny
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.,Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Ryan Wilmot
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Sulaiman M Alnaimat
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.,Present address: Department of Medical Analysis, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan
| | - Julia G Bryce
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - W Kelley Thomas
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.,Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Louis S Tisa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Westbrook A, Varki E, Thomas WK. RepeatFS: a file system providing reproducibility through provenance and automation. Bioinformatics 2021; 37:1292-1296. [PMID: 33230554 PMCID: PMC8189677 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Reproducibility is of central importance to the scientific process. The difficulty of consistently replicating and verifying experimental results is magnified in the era of big data, in which bioinformatics analysis often involves complex multi-application pipelines operating on terabytes of data. These processes result in thousands of possible permutations of data preparation steps, software versions and command-line arguments. Existing reproducibility frameworks are cumbersome and involve redesigning computational methods. To address these issues, we developed RepeatFS, a file system that records, replicates and verifies informatics workflows with no alteration to the original methods. RepeatFS also provides several other features to help promote analytical transparency and reproducibility, including provenance visualization and task automation. Results We used RepeatFS to successfully visualize and replicate a variety of bioinformatics tasks consisting of over a million operations with no alteration to the original methods. RepeatFS correctly identified all software inconsistencies that resulted in replication differences. Availabilityand implementation RepeatFS is implemented in Python 3. Its source code and documentation are available at https://github.com/ToniWestbrook/repeatfs. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - W Kelley Thomas
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies.,Department of Molecular Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nguyen DT, Wu B, Long H, Zhang N, Patterson C, Simpson S, Morris K, Thomas WK, Lynch M, Hao W. Variable Spontaneous Mutation and Loss of Heterozygosity among Heterozygous Genomes in Yeast. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 37:3118-3130. [PMID: 33219379 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation and recombination are the primary sources of genetic variation. To better understand the evolution of genetic variation, it is crucial to comprehensively investigate the processes involving mutation accumulation and recombination. In this study, we performed mutation accumulation experiments on four heterozygous diploid yeast species in the Saccharomycodaceae family to determine spontaneous mutation rates, mutation spectra, and losses of heterozygosity (LOH). We observed substantial variation in mutation rates and mutation spectra. We also observed high LOH rates (1.65-11.07×10-6 events per heterozygous site per cell division). Biases in spontaneous mutation and LOH together with selection ultimately shape the variable genome-wide nucleotide landscape in yeast species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duong T Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Baojun Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Hongan Long
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Lynch
- Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Weilong Hao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Doherty SJ, Barbato RA, Grandy AS, Thomas WK, Monteux S, Dorrepaal E, Johansson M, Ernakovich JG. The Transition From Stochastic to Deterministic Bacterial Community Assembly During Permafrost Thaw Succession. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:596589. [PMID: 33281795 PMCID: PMC7691490 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.596589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Northern high latitudes are warming twice as fast as the global average, and permafrost has become vulnerable to thaw. Changes to the environment during thaw leads to shifts in microbial communities and their associated functions, such as greenhouse gas emissions. Understanding the ecological processes that structure the identity and abundance (i.e., assembly) of pre- and post-thaw communities may improve predictions of the functional outcomes of permafrost thaw. We characterized microbial community assembly during permafrost thaw using in situ observations and a laboratory incubation of soils from the Storflaket Mire in Abisko, Sweden, where permafrost thaw has occurred over the past decade. In situ observations indicated that bacterial community assembly was driven by randomness (i.e., stochastic processes) immediately after thaw with drift and dispersal limitation being the dominant processes. As post-thaw succession progressed, environmentally driven (i.e., deterministic) processes became increasingly important in structuring microbial communities where homogenizing selection was the only process structuring upper active layer soils. Furthermore, laboratory-induced thaw reflected assembly dynamics immediately after thaw indicated by an increase in drift, but did not capture the long-term effects of permafrost thaw on microbial community dynamics. Our results did not reflect a link between assembly dynamics and carbon emissions, likely because respiration is the product of many processes in microbial communities. Identification of dominant microbial community assembly processes has the potential to improve our understanding of the ecological impact of permafrost thaw and the permafrost-climate feedback.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Jarvis Doherty
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
- Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Engineer Research Development Center, United States Army Corps of Engineers, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Robyn A. Barbato
- Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Engineer Research Development Center, United States Army Corps of Engineers, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - A. Stuart Grandy
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - W. Kelley Thomas
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Sylvain Monteux
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
| | - Margareta Johansson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jessica G. Ernakovich
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mansour S, Swanson E, Pesce C, Simpson S, Morris K, Thomas WK, Tisa LS. Draft Genome Sequences for the Frankia sp. strains CgS1, CcI156 and CgMI4, Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Isolated from Casuarina sp. in Egypt. J Genomics 2020; 8:84-88. [PMID: 33029225 PMCID: PMC7532629 DOI: 10.7150/jgen.51181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Frankia sp. strains CgS1, CcI156 and CgMI4 were isolated from Casuarina glauca and C. cunninghamiana nodules. Here, we report the 5.26-, 5.33- and 5.20-Mbp draft genome sequences of Frankia sp. strains CgS1, CcI156 and CgMI4, respectively. Analysis of the genome revealed the presence of high numbers of secondary metabolic biosynthetic gene clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Mansour
- Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Erik Swanson
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Céline Pesce
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.,Present address: HM Clause, Davis, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Louis S Tisa
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Belaid K, Swanson E, Carré-Mlouka A, Hocher V, Svistoonoff S, Gully D, Simpson S, Morris K, Thomas WK, Amrani S, Tisa LS, Gherbi H. Draft Genome Sequence of the Symbiotic Frankia sp. strain B2 isolated from root nodules of Casuarina cunninghamiana found in Algeria. J Genomics 2020; 8:11-15. [PMID: 32064004 PMCID: PMC7019079 DOI: 10.7150/jgen.38461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Frankia sp. strain B2 was isolated from Casuarina cunninghamiana nodules. Here, we report the 5.3-Mbp draft genome sequence of Frankia sp. strain B2 with a G+C content of 70.1 % and 4,663 candidate protein-encoding genes. Analysis of the genome revealed the presence of high numbers of secondary metabolic biosynthetic gene clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathia Belaid
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Sol, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Université des Sciences et de la Technologies Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP32 El Alia - Bab Ezzouar Algiers, Algeria.,Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (IRD/INRA/CIRAD/Université de Montpellier/Supagro), 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Erik Swanson
- University of New Hampshire, 46 College Rd., Durham, New Hampshire, USA, 03824-2617
| | - Alyssa Carré-Mlouka
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (IRD/INRA/CIRAD/Université de Montpellier/Supagro), 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM) UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN), Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CP 54, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Valérie Hocher
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (IRD/INRA/CIRAD/Université de Montpellier/Supagro), 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Sergio Svistoonoff
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (IRD/INRA/CIRAD/Université de Montpellier/Supagro), 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Djamel Gully
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (IRD/INRA/CIRAD/Université de Montpellier/Supagro), 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Stephen Simpson
- University of New Hampshire, 46 College Rd., Durham, New Hampshire, USA, 03824-2617
| | - Krystalynne Morris
- University of New Hampshire, 46 College Rd., Durham, New Hampshire, USA, 03824-2617
| | - W Kelley Thomas
- University of New Hampshire, 46 College Rd., Durham, New Hampshire, USA, 03824-2617
| | - Said Amrani
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Sol, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Université des Sciences et de la Technologies Houari Boumediene (USTHB), BP32 El Alia - Bab Ezzouar Algiers, Algeria
| | - Louis S Tisa
- University of New Hampshire, 46 College Rd., Durham, New Hampshire, USA, 03824-2617
| | - Hassen Gherbi
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (IRD/INRA/CIRAD/Université de Montpellier/Supagro), 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Davis I, Sevigny J, Kleiner V, Mercurio K, Pesce C, Swanson E, Thomas WK, Tisa LS. Draft Genome Sequences of 10 Bacterial Strains Isolated from Root Nodules of Alnus Trees in New Hampshire. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:e01440-19. [PMID: 31919185 PMCID: PMC6952671 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01440-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the draft genome sequences obtained for 10 bacterial strains isolated from root nodules of Alnus trees. These members of the nodule microbiome were sequenced to determine their potential functional roles in plant health. The selected strains belong to the genera Rhodococcus, Kocuria, Rothia, Herbaspirillum, Streptomyces, and Thiopseudomonas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Davis
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Joseph Sevigny
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Victoria Kleiner
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Kelsey Mercurio
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Céline Pesce
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Erik Swanson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - W Kelley Thomas
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Louis S Tisa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Walsh J, Clucas GV, MacManes MD, Thomas WK, Kovach AI. Divergent selection and drift shape the genomes of two avian sister species spanning a saline-freshwater ecotone. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:13477-13494. [PMID: 31871659 PMCID: PMC6912898 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of species divergence due to ecologically based divergent selection-or ecological speciation-in generating and maintaining biodiversity is a central question in evolutionary biology. Comparison of the genomes of phylogenetically related taxa spanning a selective habitat gradient enables discovery of divergent signatures of selection and thereby provides valuable insight into the role of divergent ecological selection in speciation. Tidal marsh ecosystems provide tractable opportunities for studying organisms' adaptations to selective pressures that underlie ecological divergence. Sharp environmental gradients across the saline-freshwater ecotone within tidal marshes present extreme adaptive challenges to terrestrial vertebrates. Here, we sequence 20 whole genomes of two avian sister species endemic to tidal marshes-the saltmarsh sparrow (Ammospiza caudacutus) and Nelson's sparrow (A. nelsoni)-to evaluate the influence of selective and demographic processes in shaping genome-wide patterns of divergence. Genome-wide divergence between these two recently diverged sister species was notably high (genome-wide F ST = 0.32). Against a background of high genome-wide divergence, regions of elevated divergence were widespread throughout the genome, as opposed to focused within islands of differentiation. These patterns may be the result of genetic drift resulting from past tidal march colonization events in conjunction with divergent selection to different environments. We identified several candidate genes that exhibited elevated divergence between saltmarsh and Nelson's sparrows, including genes linked to osmotic regulation, circadian rhythm, and plumage melanism-all putative candidates linked to adaptation to tidal marsh environments. These findings provide new insights into the roles of divergent selection and genetic drift in generating and maintaining biodiversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Walsh
- Department of Natural Resources and the EnvironmentUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA
- Fuller Evolutionary Biology ProgramCornell Laboratory of OrnithologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Gemma V. Clucas
- Department of Natural Resources and the EnvironmentUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA
- Present address:
Cornell Lab of OrnithologyIthacaNYUSA
| | - Matthew D. MacManes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA
- Hubbard Center for Genome StudiesDurhamNHUSA
| | - W. Kelley Thomas
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA
- Hubbard Center for Genome StudiesDurhamNHUSA
| | - Adrienne I. Kovach
- Department of Natural Resources and the EnvironmentUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Steinbock B, Bechtold R, Sevigny JL, Thomas D, Thomas WK, Ghosh A. Draft Genome Sequences of 10 Bacterial Strains Isolated from an Abandoned Coal Mine in Southeast Kansas. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:e01001-19. [PMID: 31624170 PMCID: PMC6797535 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01001-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report 10 bacterial strains isolated from an abandoned coal mine in southeast Kansas to determine their potential for bioremediation through comparison of the genome sizes and distribution patterns of unique metabolic genes. The selected strains belong to the genera Arthrobacter, Jeotgalibacillus, Kocuria, Microbacterium, Pantoea, Rhodococcus, Vibrio, Brevibacterium, and Paenibacillus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brady Steinbock
- Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas, USA
| | - Rachel Bechtold
- Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas, USA
| | - Joseph L Sevigny
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Devin Thomas
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - W Kelley Thomas
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Anuradha Ghosh
- Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Stevens RC, Steele JL, Glover WR, Sanchez-Garcia JF, Simpson SD, O’Rourke D, Ramsdell JS, MacManes MD, Thomas WK, Shuber AP. A novel CRISPR/Cas9 associated technology for sequence-specific nucleic acid enrichment. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215441. [PMID: 30998719 PMCID: PMC6472885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Massively parallel sequencing technologies have made it possible to generate large quantities of sequence data. However, as research-associated information is transferred into clinical practice, cost and throughput constraints generally require sequence-specific targeted analyses. Therefore, sample enrichment methods have been developed to meet the needs of clinical sequencing applications. However, current amplification and hybrid capture enrichment methods are limited in the contiguous length of sequences for which they are able to enrich. PCR based amplification also loses methylation data and other native DNA features. We have developed a novel technology (Negative Enrichment) where we demonstrate targeting long (>10 kb) genomic regions of interest. We use the specificity of CRISPR-Cas9 single guide RNA (Cas9/sgRNA) complexes to define 5' and 3' termini of sequence-specific loci in genomic DNA, targeting 10 to 36 kb regions. The complexes were found to provide protection from exonucleases, by protecting the targeted sequences from degradation, resulting in enriched, double-strand, non-amplified target sequences suitable for next-generation sequencing library preparation or other downstream analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard C. Stevens
- Genetics Research LLC, Wakefield, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Steele
- Genetics Research LLC, Wakefield, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - William R. Glover
- Genetics Research LLC, Wakefield, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Stephen D. Simpson
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Devon O’Rourke
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Jordan S. Ramsdell
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Matthew D. MacManes
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - W. Kelley Thomas
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Anthony P. Shuber
- Genetics Research LLC, Wakefield, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sevigny JL, Rothenheber D, Diaz KS, Zhang Y, Agustsson K, Bergeron RD, Thomas WK. Marker genes as predictors of shared genomic function. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:268. [PMID: 30947688 PMCID: PMC6449922 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although high-throughput marker gene studies provide valuable insight into the diversity and relative abundance of taxa in microbial communities, they do not provide direct measures of their functional capacity. Recently, scientists have shown a general desire to predict functional profiles of microbial communities based on phylogenetic identification inferred from marker genes, and recent tools have been developed to link the two. However, to date, no large-scale examination has quantified the correlation between the marker gene based taxonomic identity and protein coding gene conservation. Here we utilize 4872 representative prokaryotic genomes from NCBI to investigate the relationship between marker gene identity and shared protein coding gene content. Results Even at 99–100% marker gene identity, genomes share on average less than 75% of their protein coding gene content. This occurs regardless of the marker gene(s) used: V4 region of the 16S rRNA, complete 16S rRNA, or single copy orthologs through a multi-locus sequence analysis. An important aspect related to this observation is the intra-organism variation of 16S copies from a single genome. Although the majority of 16S copies were found to have high sequence similarity (> 99%), several genomes contained copies that were highly diverged (< 97% identity). Conclusions This is the largest comparison between marker gene similarity and shared protein coding gene content to date. The study highlights the limitations of inferring a microbial community’s functions based on marker gene phylogeny. The data presented expands upon the results of previous studies that examined one or few bacterial species and supports the hypothesis that 16S rRNA and other marker genes cannot be directly used to fully predict the functional potential of a bacterial community. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5641-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Sevigny
- Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 46 College Rd, Rudman Hall, Durham, NH, 03824, USA. .,Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, 35 Colovos Rd, Gregg Hall, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.
| | - Derek Rothenheber
- Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 46 College Rd, Rudman Hall, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Krystalle Sharlyn Diaz
- Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 46 College Rd, Rudman Hall, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.,Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, 35 Colovos Rd, Gregg Hall, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, University of New Hampshire, 33 Academic Way, Kingsbury Hall, Durham, NH, 0324, USA
| | - Kristin Agustsson
- Department of Computer Science, University of New Hampshire, 33 Academic Way, Kingsbury Hall, Durham, NH, 0324, USA
| | - R Daniel Bergeron
- Department of Computer Science, University of New Hampshire, 33 Academic Way, Kingsbury Hall, Durham, NH, 0324, USA
| | - W Kelley Thomas
- Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 46 College Rd, Rudman Hall, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.,Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, 35 Colovos Rd, Gregg Hall, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Leasi F, Sevigny JL, Laflamme EM, Artois T, Curini-Galletti M, de Jesus Navarrete A, Di Domenico M, Goetz F, Hall JA, Hochberg R, Jörger KM, Jondelius U, Todaro MA, Wirshing HH, Norenburg JL, Thomas WK. Erratum: Author Correction: Biodiversity estimates and ecological interpretations of meiofaunal communities are biased by the taxonomic approach. Commun Biol 2018; 1:237. [PMID: 30588516 PMCID: PMC6301964 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0119-2.].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Leasi
- 1Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Avenue, 37403 Chattanooga, TN USA.,2Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 35 Colovos Road, 03824 Durham, NH USA
| | - Joseph L Sevigny
- 2Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 35 Colovos Road, 03824 Durham, NH USA
| | - Eric M Laflamme
- 3Department of Mathematics, Plymouth State University, MSC29, 17 High Street, 03264 Plymouth, NH USA
| | - Tom Artois
- 4Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marco Curini-Galletti
- 5Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Sassari, via Muroni 25, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto de Jesus Navarrete
- Departmento de Sistemática y Ecología Acuática, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal, Av. Centenario Km. 5.5 Chetumal Quintana Roo, 77014 Chetumal, Mexico
| | - Maikon Di Domenico
- 7Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Beira-Mar, s/n, Pontal do Sul, PO Box 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR Brazil
| | - Freya Goetz
- 8Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, 10th St. & Constitution Ave NW, 20560 Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Hall
- 2Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 35 Colovos Road, 03824 Durham, NH USA
| | - Rick Hochberg
- 9Department of Biological Science, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Olsen Hall 414, 198 Riverside St., 01854 Lowell, MA USA
| | - Katharina M Jörger
- 10Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Munich Germany
| | - Ulf Jondelius
- 11Swedish Museum of Natural History, POB 5007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Antonio Todaro
- 12Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 213/d, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Herman H Wirshing
- 8Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, 10th St. & Constitution Ave NW, 20560 Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jon L Norenburg
- 8Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, 10th St. & Constitution Ave NW, 20560 Washington, DC, USA
| | - W Kelley Thomas
- 2Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 35 Colovos Road, 03824 Durham, NH USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Leasi F, Sevigny JL, Laflamme EM, Artois T, Curini-Galletti M, de Jesus Navarrete A, Di Domenico M, Goetz F, Hall JA, Hochberg R, Jörger KM, Jondelius U, Todaro MA, Wirshing HH, Norenburg JL, Thomas WK. Biodiversity estimates and ecological interpretations of meiofaunal communities are biased by the taxonomic approach. Commun Biol 2018; 1:112. [PMID: 30271992 PMCID: PMC6123632 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate assessments of biodiversity are crucial to advising ecosystem-monitoring programs and understanding ecosystem function. Nevertheless, a standard operating procedure to assess biodiversity accurately and consistently has not been established. This is especially true for meiofauna, a diverse community (>20 phyla) of small benthic invertebrates that have fundamental ecological roles. Recent studies show that metabarcoding is a cost-effective and time-effective method to estimate meiofauna biodiversity, in contrast to morphological-based taxonomy. Here, we compare biodiversity assessments of a diverse meiofaunal community derived by applying multiple taxonomic methods based on comparative morphology, molecular phylogenetic analysis, DNA barcoding of individual specimens, and metabarcoding of environmental DNA. We show that biodiversity estimates are strongly biased across taxonomic methods and phyla. Such biases affect understanding of community structures and ecological interpretations. This study supports the urgency of improving aspects of environmental high-throughput sequencing and the value of taxonomists in correctly understanding biodiversity estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Leasi
- Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Avenue, Chattanooga, TN, 37403, USA.
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 35 Colovos Road, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.
| | - Joseph L Sevigny
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 35 Colovos Road, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Eric M Laflamme
- Department of Mathematics, Plymouth State University, MSC29, 17 High Street, Plymouth, NH, 03264, USA
| | - Tom Artois
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marco Curini-Galletti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Sassari, via Muroni 25, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alberto de Jesus Navarrete
- Departmento de Sistemática y Ecología Acuática, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal, Av. Centenario Km. 5.5 Chetumal Quintana Roo, 77014, Chetumal, Mexico
| | - Maikon Di Domenico
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Beira-Mar, s/n, Pontal do Sul, PO Box 61, 83255-976, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Freya Goetz
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, 10th St. & Constitution Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Hall
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 35 Colovos Road, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Rick Hochberg
- Department of Biological Science, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Olsen Hall 414, 198 Riverside St., Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Katharina M Jörger
- Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulf Jondelius
- Swedish Museum of Natural History, POB 5007, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Antonio Todaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 213/d, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Herman H Wirshing
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, 10th St. & Constitution Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
| | - Jon L Norenburg
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, 10th St. & Constitution Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
| | - W Kelley Thomas
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 35 Colovos Road, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Westbrook A, Ramsdell J, Schuelke T, Normington L, Bergeron RD, Thomas WK, MacManes MD. PALADIN: protein alignment for functional profiling whole metagenome shotgun data. Bioinformatics 2018; 33:1473-1478. [PMID: 28158639 PMCID: PMC5423455 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Whole metagenome shotgun sequencing is a powerful approach for assaying the functional potential of microbial communities. We currently lack tools that efficiently and accurately align DNA reads against protein references, the technique necessary for constructing a functional profile. Here, we present PALADIN-a novel modification of the Burrows-Wheeler Aligner that provides accurate alignment, robust reporting capabilities and orders-of-magnitude improved efficiency by directly mapping in protein space. Results We compared the accuracy and efficiency of PALADIN against existing tools that employ nucleotide or protein alignment algorithms. Using simulated reads, PALADIN consistently outperformed the popular DNA read mappers BWA and NovoAlign in detected proteins, percentage of reads mapped and ontological similarity. We also compared PALADIN against four existing protein alignment tools: BLASTX, RAPSearch2, DIAMOND and Lambda, using empirically obtained reads. PALADIN yielded results seven times faster than the best performing alternative, DIAMOND and nearly 8000 times faster than BLASTX. PALADIN's accuracy was comparable to all tested solutions. Availability and Implementation PALADIN was implemented in C, and its source code and documentation are available at https://github.com/twestbrookunh/paladin. Contact anthonyw@wildcats.unh.edu. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Westbrook
- Department of Computer Science, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Jordan Ramsdell
- Department of Computer Science, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.,Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Taruna Schuelke
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Louisa Normington
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - R Daniel Bergeron
- Department of Computer Science, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.,Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - W Kelley Thomas
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.,Department of Molecular Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Matthew D MacManes
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.,Department of Molecular Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Carta LK, Thomas WK, Meyer-Rochow VB. Two nematodes (Nematoda: Diplogastridae, Rhabditidae) from the invasive millipede Chamberlinius hualienensis Wang, 1956 (Diplopoda, Paradoxosomatidae) on Hachijojima Island in Japan. J Nematol 2018; 50:479-486. [PMID: 31094150 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2018-048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Millipedes may cause unexpected damage when they are introduced to new locations, becoming invaders that leave behind their old parasites and predators. Therefore, it was interesting to find numerous rhabditid nematodes within the gut of the invasive phytophagous millipede Chamberlinius hualienensis Wang, 1956 (Diplopoda, Paradoxosomatidae) from Hachijojima (Japan) in November, 2014. This millipede originated in Taiwan but was discovered in Japan in 1986. The nematodes were identified as juvenile Oscheius rugaoensis (Zhang et al., 2012) Darsouei et al., 2014 (Rhabditidae), and juvenile and adult Mononchoides sp. (Diplogastridae) based on images, morphometrics, and sequences of 18S and 28S rDNA. A novel short 28S sequence of a separate population of Oscheius necromenus SB218 from Australian millipedes was also included in a phylogenetic comparison of what can now be characterized as a species complex of millipede-associated Oscheius. The only other nematode associates of millipedes belong to Rhigonematomorpha and Oxyuridomorpha, two strictly parasitic superorders of nematodes. These nematode identifications represent new geographic and host associations. Millipedes may cause unexpected damage when they are introduced to new locations, becoming invaders that leave behind their old parasites and predators. Therefore, it was interesting to find numerous rhabditid nematodes within the gut of the invasive phytophagous millipede Chamberlinius hualienensis Wang, 1956 (Diplopoda, Paradoxosomatidae) from Hachijojima (Japan) in November, 2014. This millipede originated in Taiwan but was discovered in Japan in 1986. The nematodes were identified as juvenile Oscheius rugaoensis (Zhang et al., 2012) Darsouei et al., 2014 (Rhabditidae), and juvenile and adult Mononchoides sp. (Diplogastridae) based on images, morphometrics, and sequences of 18S and 28S rDNA. A novel short 28S sequence of a separate population of Oscheius necromenus SB218 from Australian millipedes was also included in a phylogenetic comparison of what can now be characterized as a species complex of millipede-associated Oscheius. The only other nematode associates of millipedes belong to Rhigonematomorpha and Oxyuridomorpha, two strictly parasitic superorders of nematodes. These nematode identifications represent new geographic and host associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L K Carta
- Nematology Laboratory, USDA - ARS , Beltsville , Maryland 20705
| | - W K Thomas
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire , Durham , New Hampshire 03824
| | - V B Meyer-Rochow
- Research Institute for Luminous Organisms:, Hachijo 2749 Nakanogo (Hachijojima) Tokyo, Japan, 100-1623 and Department of Genetics and Physiology, University of Oulu , SF-90014 Oulu, P.O. Box 3000 , Finland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mansour S, Swanson E, McNutt Z, Pesce C, Harrington K, Abebe-Alele F, Simpson S, Morris K, Thomas WK, Tisa LS. Permanent Draft Genome sequence for Frankia sp . strain CcI49, a Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium Isolated from Casuarina cunninghamiana that Infects Elaeagnaceae. J Genomics 2017; 5:119-123. [PMID: 28943973 PMCID: PMC5607709 DOI: 10.7150/jgen.22138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Frankia sp. strain CcI49 was isolated from Casuarina cunninghamiana nodules. However the strain was unable to re-infect Casuarina, but was able to infect other actinorhizal plants including Elaeagnaceae. Here, we report the 9.8-Mbp draft genome sequence of Frankia sp. strain CcI49 with a G+C content of 70.5 % and 7,441 candidate protein-encoding genes. Analysis of the genome revealed the presence of a bph operon involved in the degradation of biphenyls and polychlorinated biphenyls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Swanson
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Céline Pesce
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Louis S Tisa
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Brannock PM, Sharma J, Bik HM, Thomas WK, Halanych KM. Spatial and temporal variation of intertidal nematodes in the northern Gulf of Mexico after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Mar Environ Res 2017; 130:200-212. [PMID: 28781067 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nematodes are an abundant and diverse interstitial component of sedimentary habitats that have been reported to serve as important bioindicators. Though the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) disaster occurred 60 km offshore in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) at a depth of 1525 m, oil rose to the surface and washed ashore, subjecting large segments of coastline in the northern GOM to contamination. Previous metabarcoding work shows intertidal nematode communities were negatively affected by the oil spill. Here we examine the subsequent recovery of nematode community structure at five sites along the Alabama coast over a two-year period. The latter part of the study (July 2011-July 2012) also included an examination of nematode vertical distribution in intertidal sediments. Results showed nematode composition within this region was more influenced by sample locality than time and depth. The five sampling sites were characterized by distinct nematode assemblages that varied by sampling dates. Nematode diversity decreased four months after the oil spill but increased after one year, returning to previous levels at all sites except Bayfront Park (BP). There was no significant difference among nematode assemblages in reference to vertical distribution. Although the composition of nematode assemblages changed, the feeding guilds they represented were not significantly different even though some variation was noted. Data from morphological observations integrated with metabarcoding data indicated similar spatial variation in nematode distribution patterns, indicating the potential of using these faster approaches to examine overall disturbance impact trends within communities. Heterogeneity of microhabitats in the intertidal zone indicates that future sampling and fine-scale studies of nematodes are needed to examine such anthropogenic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela M Brannock
- Department of Biological Science, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Science Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Jyotsna Sharma
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Holly M Bik
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, 35 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824, USA; Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - W Kelley Thomas
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, 35 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Kenneth M Halanych
- Department of Biological Science, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Science Building, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pesce C, Swanson E, Simpson S, Morris K, Thomas WK, Tisa LS, Sellstedt A. Draft Genome Sequence of the Symbiotic Frankia Sp. Strain KB5 Isolated from Root Nodules of Casuarina equisetifolia. J Genomics 2017; 5:64-67. [PMID: 28698736 PMCID: PMC5504825 DOI: 10.7150/jgen.20887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Frankia sp. strain KB5 was isolated from Casuarina equisetifolia and previous studies have shown both nitrogenase and uptake hydrogenase activities under free-living conditions. Here, we report 5.5-Mbp draft genome sequence with a G+C content of 70.03 %, 4,958 candidate protein-encoding genes, and 2 rRNA operons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Pesce
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Erik Swanson
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | | | | | - Louis S Tisa
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Anita Sellstedt
- UPSC, Department of Plant physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
As one of the few cellular traits that can be quantified across the tree of life, DNA-replication fidelity provides an excellent platform for understanding fundamental evolutionary processes. Furthermore, because mutation is the ultimate source of all genetic variation, clarifying why mutation rates vary is crucial for understanding all areas of biology. A potentially revealing hypothesis for mutation-rate evolution is that natural selection primarily operates to improve replication fidelity, with the ultimate limits to what can be achieved set by the power of random genetic drift. This drift-barrier hypothesis is consistent with comparative measures of mutation rates, provides a simple explanation for the existence of error-prone polymerases and yields a formal counter-argument to the view that selection fine-tunes gene-specific mutation rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lynch
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, USA
| | - Matthew S Ackerman
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Gout
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, USA
| | - Hongan Long
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, USA
| | - Way Sung
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, USA
| | - W Kelley Thomas
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - Patricia L Foster
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Diagne N, Swanson E, Pesce C, Fall F, Diouf F, Bakhoum N, Fall D, Ndigue Faye M, Oshone R, Simpson S, Morris K, Thomas WK, Moulin L, Diouf D, Tisa LS. Permanent Draft Genome Sequence of Ensifer sp. Strain LCM 4579, a Salt-Tolerant, Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium Isolated from Senegalese Soil. Genome Announc 2017; 5:e00117-17. [PMID: 28385842 PMCID: PMC5383890 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00117-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The genus Ensifer (formerly Sinorhizobium) contains many species able to form nitrogen-fixing nodules on plants of the legume family. Here, we report the 6.1-Mb draft genome sequence of Ensifer sp. strain LCM 4579, with a G+C content of 62.4% and 5,613 candidate protein-encoding genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Diagne
- Centre National de Recherches Agronomiques, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (CNRA/ISRA), Bambey, Senegal
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar-Bel Air, Sénégal
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Erik Swanson
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Céline Pesce
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Fatoumata Fall
- Centre National de Recherches Agronomiques, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (CNRA/ISRA), Bambey, Senegal
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar-Bel Air, Sénégal
| | - Fatou Diouf
- Centre National de Recherches Agronomiques, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (CNRA/ISRA), Bambey, Senegal
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar-Bel Air, Sénégal
| | - Niokhor Bakhoum
- Centre National de Recherches Agronomiques, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (CNRA/ISRA), Bambey, Senegal
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar-Bel Air, Sénégal
| | - Dioumacor Fall
- Centre National de Recherches Agronomiques, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (CNRA/ISRA), Bambey, Senegal
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar-Bel Air, Sénégal
- Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mathieu Ndigue Faye
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar-Bel Air, Sénégal
- Centre National de Recherches Forestières, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (CNRA/ISRA), Hann Dakar, Senegal
| | - Rediet Oshone
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lionel Moulin
- Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD), UMR IPME 34394, Montpellier, France
| | - Diegane Diouf
- Centre National de Recherches Agronomiques, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (CNRA/ISRA), Bambey, Senegal
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar-Bel Air, Sénégal
- Département de Biologie Végétale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Louis S Tisa
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Morrison EW, Frey SD, Sadowsky JJ, van Diepen LT, Thomas WK, Pringle A. Chronic nitrogen additions fundamentally restructure the soil fungal community in a temperate forest. FUNGAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
30
|
D'Angelo T, Oshone R, Abebe-Akele F, Simpson S, Morris K, Thomas WK, Tisa LS. Permanent Draft Genome Sequence of Frankia sp. Strain BR, a Nitrogen-Fixing Actinobacterium Isolated from the Root Nodules of Casuarina equisetifolia. Genome Announc 2016; 4:e01000-16. [PMID: 27635010 PMCID: PMC5026450 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01000-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Frankia sp. strain BR is a member of Frankia lineage Ic and is able to reinfect plants of the Casuarinaceae family. Here, we report a 5.2-Mbp draft genome sequence with a G+C content of 70.0% and 4,777 candidate protein-encoding genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rediet Oshone
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Louis S Tisa
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Creer S, Deiner K, Frey S, Porazinska D, Taberlet P, Thomas WK, Potter C, Bik HM. The ecologist's field guide to sequence‐based identification of biodiversity. Methods Ecol Evol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Creer
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory School of Biological Sciences Environment Centre Wales Building Bangor University Deiniol Road Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2UW UK
| | - Kristy Deiner
- Eawag: Aquatic Ecology Überlandstrasse 133 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Serita Frey
- Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire Durham NH 03824 USA
| | - Dorota Porazinska
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Pierre Taberlet
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine CNRS UMR 5553 Université Joseph Fourier BP 43 F‐38041 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
| | - W. Kelley Thomas
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Biomedical Sciences University of New Hampshire Durham NH 03824 USA
| | - Caitlin Potter
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory School of Biological Sciences Environment Centre Wales Building Bangor University Deiniol Road Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2UW UK
| | - Holly M. Bik
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology Department of Biology New York University, New York NY 10003 USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ngom M, Oshone R, Hurst SG, Abebe-Akele F, Simpson S, Morris K, Sy MO, Champion A, Thomas WK, Tisa LS. Permanent Draft Genome Sequence for Frankia sp. Strain CeD, a Nitrogen-Fixing Actinobacterium Isolated from the Root Nodules of Casuarina equistifolia Grown in Senegal. Genome Announc 2016; 4:e00265-16. [PMID: 27056238 PMCID: PMC4824271 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00265-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Frankiastrain CeD is a member ofFrankialineage Ib that is able to reinfect plants of theCasuarinafamilies. Here, we report a 5.0-Mbp draft genome sequence with a G+C content of 70.1% and 3,847 candidate protein-encoding genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariama Ngom
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Sénégal Département de Biologie Végétale, Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Dakar-Fann, Sénégal Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Rediet Oshone
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Mame Ourèye Sy
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Sénégal Département de Biologie Végétale, Laboratoire Campus de Biotechnologies Végétales, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Dakar-Fann, Sénégal
| | - Antony Champion
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Sénégal Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Sénégal Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR DIADE, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Louis S Tisa
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abebe-Akele F, Tisa LS, Cooper VS, Hatcher PJ, Abebe E, Thomas WK. Genome sequence and comparative analysis of a putative entomopathogenic Serratia isolated from Caenorhabditis briggsae. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:531. [PMID: 26187596 PMCID: PMC4506600 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Entomopathogenic associations between nematodes in the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabdus with their cognate bacteria from the bacterial genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, respectively, are extensively studied for their potential as biological control agents against invasive insect species. These two highly coevolved associations were results of convergent evolution. Given the natural abundance of bacteria, nematodes and insects, it is surprising that only these two associations with no intermediate forms are widely studied in the entomopathogenic context. Discovering analogous systems involving novel bacterial and nematode species would shed light on the evolutionary processes involved in the transition from free living organisms to obligatory partners in entomopathogenicity. Results We report the complete genome sequence of a new member of the enterobacterial genus Serratia that forms a putative entomopathogenic complex with Caenorhabditis briggsae. Analysis of the 5.04 MB chromosomal genome predicts 4599 protein coding genes, seven sets of ribosomal RNA genes, 84 tRNA genes and a 64.8 KB plasmid encoding 74 genes. Comparative genomic analysis with three of the previously sequenced Serratia species, S. marcescens DB11 and S. proteamaculans 568, and Serratia sp. AS12, revealed that these four representatives of the genus share a core set of ~3100 genes and extensive structural conservation. The newly identified species shares a more recent common ancestor with S. marcescens with 99 % sequence identity in rDNA sequence and orthology across 85.6 % of predicted genes. Of the 39 genes/operons implicated in the virulence, symbiosis, recolonization, immune evasion and bioconversion, 21 (53.8 %) were present in Serratia while 33 (84.6 %) and 35 (89 %) were present in Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus EPN bacteria respectively. Conclusion The majority of unique sequences in Serratia sp. SCBI (South African Caenorhabditis briggsae Isolate) are found in ~29 genomic islands of 5 to 65 genes and are enriched in putative functions that are biologically relevant to an entomopathogenic lifestyle, including non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, bacteriocins, fimbrial biogenesis, ushering proteins, toxins, secondary metabolite secretion and multiple drug resistance/efflux systems. By revealing the early stages of adaptation to this lifestyle, the Serratia sp. SCBI genome underscores the fact that in EPN formation the composite end result – killing, bioconversion, cadaver protection and recolonization- can be achieved by dissimilar mechanisms. This genome sequence will enable further study of the evolution of entomopathogenic nematode-bacteria complexes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1697-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feseha Abebe-Akele
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA. .,Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, 444 Gregg Hall, University of New Hampshire, 35 Colovos Road, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.
| | - Louis S Tisa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Vaughn S Cooper
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Philip J Hatcher
- Department of Computer Science, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Eyualem Abebe
- Department of Biology, Elizabeth City State University, 1704 Weeksville Road, Jenkins Science Center 421, Elizabeth City, NC, 27909, USA
| | - W Kelley Thomas
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.,Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, 444 Gregg Hall, University of New Hampshire, 35 Colovos Road, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kovach AI, Walsh J, Ramsdell J, Kelley Thomas W. Development of diagnostic microsatellite markers from whole-genome sequences of Ammodramus sparrows for assessing admixture in a hybrid zone. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:2267-83. [PMID: 26078861 PMCID: PMC4461426 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of hybridization and introgression and, in particular, the identification of admixed individuals in natural populations benefit from the use of diagnostic genetic markers that reliably differentiate pure species from each other and their hybrid forms. Such diagnostic markers are often infrequent in the genomes of closely related species, and genomewide data facilitate their discovery. We used whole-genome data from Illumina HiSeqS2000 sequencing of two recently diverged (600,000 years) and hybridizing, avian, sister species, the Saltmarsh (Ammodramus caudacutus) and Nelson's (A. nelsoni) Sparrow, to develop a suite of diagnostic markers for high-resolution identification of pure and admixed individuals. We compared the microsatellite repeat regions identified in the genomes of the two species and selected a subset of 37 loci that differed between the species in repeat number. We screened these loci on 12 pure individuals of each species and report on the 34 that successfully amplified. From these, we developed a panel of the 12 most diagnostic loci, which we evaluated on 96 individuals, including individuals from both allopatric populations and sympatric individuals from the hybrid zone. Using simulations, we evaluated the power of the marker panel for accurate assignments of individuals to their appropriate pure species and hybrid genotypic classes (F1, F2, and backcrosses). The markers proved highly informative for species discrimination and had high accuracy for classifying admixed individuals into their genotypic classes. These markers will aid future investigations of introgressive hybridization in this system and aid conservation efforts aimed at monitoring and preserving pure species. Our approach is transferable to other study systems consisting of closely related and incipient species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne I Kovach
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire Durham, New Hampshire, 03824
| | - Jennifer Walsh
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire Durham, New Hampshire, 03824
| | - Jordan Ramsdell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire Durham, New Hampshire, 03824
| | - W Kelley Thomas
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire Durham, New Hampshire, 03824
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Background Reducing the effects of sequencing errors and PCR artifacts has emerged as an essential component in amplicon-based metagenomic studies. Denoising algorithms have been designed that can reduce error rates in mock community data, but they change the sequence data in a manner that can be inconsistent with the process of removing errors in studies of real communities. In addition, they are limited by the size of the dataset and the sequencing technology used. Results FlowClus uses a systematic approach to filter and denoise reads efficiently. When denoising real datasets, FlowClus provides feedback about the process that can be used as the basis to adjust the parameters of the algorithm to suit the particular dataset. When used to analyze a mock community dataset, FlowClus produced a lower error rate compared to other denoising algorithms, while retaining significantly more sequence information. Among its other attributes, FlowClus can analyze longer reads being generated from all stages of 454 sequencing technology, as well as from Ion Torrent. It has processed a large dataset of 2.2 million GS-FLX Titanium reads in twelve hours; using its more efficient (but less precise) trie analysis option, this time was further reduced, to seven minutes. Conclusions Many of the amplicon-based metagenomics datasets generated over the last several years have been processed through a denoising pipeline that likely caused deleterious effects on the raw data. By using FlowClus, one can avoid such negative outcomes while maintaining control over the filtering and denoising processes. Because of its efficiency, FlowClus can be used to re-analyze multiple large datasets together, thereby leading to more standardized conclusions. FlowClus is freely available on GitHub (jsh58/FlowClus); it is written in C and supported on Linux. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-015-0532-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M Gaspar
- Department of Molecular Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.
| | - W Kelley Thomas
- Department of Molecular Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cowens KR, Simpson S, Thomas WK, Carey GB. Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE)-Induced Suppression of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (PEPCK) Decreases Hepatic Glyceroneogenesis and Disrupts Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2015; 78:1437-49. [PMID: 26692069 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1098580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) are a class of flame-retardant chemicals that leach into the environment and enter the human body. PBDE have been shown to suppress activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), a key enzyme in fatty acid esterification via hepatic glyceroneogenesis. The objective of this investigation was to assess hepatic glyceroneogenesis and lipid metabolism in PBDE-treated rats. Male, weanling Wistar rats were gavaged daily for 28 d with 14 mg/kg body weight of either DE-71, a commercial PBDE mixture (treated), or corn oil (control). After a 48-h fast, rats were euthanized, blood was obtained, and livers were excised. Suppression of hepatic PEPCK activity by 40% was noted. Serum ketone bodies were elevated by 27% in treated rats compared to controls, while hepatic glyceroneogenesis as measured by (14)C-pyruvate incorporation into triglycerides was 41% lower in explants from treated rats compared to controls. Liver lipid content was 29% lower in treated animals compared to controls. Taken together, these findings suggest that DE-71-induced inhibition of hepatic PEPCK activity alters lipid metabolism by redirecting fatty acids away from esterification and storage toward ketone synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kylie R Cowens
- a Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences , University of New Hampshire , Durham , New Hampshire , USA
| | - Stephen Simpson
- a Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences , University of New Hampshire , Durham , New Hampshire , USA
| | - W Kelley Thomas
- a Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences , University of New Hampshire , Durham , New Hampshire , USA
| | - Gale B Carey
- a Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences , University of New Hampshire , Durham , New Hampshire , USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lallias D, Hiddink JG, Fonseca VG, Gaspar JM, Sung W, Neill SP, Barnes N, Ferrero T, Hall N, Lambshead PJD, Packer M, Thomas WK, Creer S. Environmental metabarcoding reveals heterogeneous drivers of microbial eukaryote diversity in contrasting estuarine ecosystems. ISME J 2014; 9:1208-21. [PMID: 25423027 PMCID: PMC4409164 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2014.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Assessing how natural environmental drivers affect biodiversity underpins our understanding of the relationships between complex biotic and ecological factors in natural ecosystems. Of all ecosystems, anthropogenically important estuaries represent a ‘melting pot' of environmental stressors, typified by extreme salinity variations and associated biological complexity. Although existing models attempt to predict macroorganismal diversity over estuarine salinity gradients, attempts to model microbial biodiversity are limited for eukaryotes. Although diatoms commonly feature as bioindicator species, additional microbial eukaryotes represent a huge resource for assessing ecosystem health. Of these, meiofaunal communities may represent the optimal compromise between functional diversity that can be assessed using morphology and phenotype–environment interactions as compared with smaller life fractions. Here, using 454 Roche sequencing of the 18S nSSU barcode we investigate which of the local natural drivers are most strongly associated with microbial metazoan and sampled protist diversity across the full salinity gradient of the estuarine ecosystem. In order to investigate potential variation at the ecosystem scale, we compare two geographically proximate estuaries (Thames and Mersey, UK) with contrasting histories of anthropogenic stress. The data show that although community turnover is likely to be predictable, taxa are likely to respond to different environmental drivers and, in particular, hydrodynamics, salinity range and granulometry, according to varied life-history characteristics. At the ecosystem level, communities exhibited patterns of estuary-specific similarity within different salinity range habitats, highlighting the environmental sequencing biomonitoring potential of meiofauna, dispersal effects or both.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Lallias
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Jan G Hiddink
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Anglesey, UK
| | - Vera G Fonseca
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Centre for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Bonn, Germany
| | - John M Gaspar
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Way Sung
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Simon P Neill
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Anglesey, UK
| | - Natalie Barnes
- The Natural History Museum, Zoology Department, London, UK
| | - Tim Ferrero
- The Natural History Museum, Zoology Department, London, UK
| | - Neil Hall
- Advanced Genomics Facility, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - P John D Lambshead
- School of Ocean & Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
| | | | - W Kelley Thomas
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Simon Creer
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Morgan MJ, Bass D, Bik H, Birky CW, Blaxter M, Crisp MD, Derycke S, Fitch D, Fontaneto D, Hardy CM, King AJ, Kiontke KC, Moens T, Pawlowski JW, Porazinska D, Tang CQ, Thomas WK, Yeates DK, Creer S. A critique of Rossberg et al.: Noise obscures the genetic signal of meiobiotal ecospecies in ecogenomic datasets. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20133076. [PMID: 24671969 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.3076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M J Morgan
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, , Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, , Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK, UC Davis Genome Center, , Davis, CA 95616, USA, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, , Tucson, AZ 85721, USA, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, , Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, , Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia, Department of Biology, Ghent University, , Marine Biology Lab, Ghent 9000, Belgium, Department of Biology, New York University, , New York, NY 10003, USA, National Research Council, Institute of Ecosystem Study, , Largo Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania Pallanza, Italy, Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, , Sciences III, 30, Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva 1211, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, , Boulder, CO 80309, USA, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, , Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK, Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, , 35 Colovos Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA, School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, , Environment Centre Wales Building, Deiniol Road, College of Natural Sciences, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Schiffer PH, Kroiher M, Kraus C, Koutsovoulos GD, Kumar S, R Camps JI, Nsah NA, Stappert D, Morris K, Heger P, Altmüller J, Frommolt P, Nürnberg P, Thomas WK, Blaxter ML, Schierenberg E. The genome of Romanomermis culicivorax: revealing fundamental changes in the core developmental genetic toolkit in Nematoda. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:923. [PMID: 24373391 PMCID: PMC3890508 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetics of development in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been described in exquisite detail. The phylum Nematoda has two classes: Chromadorea (which includes C. elegans) and the Enoplea. While the development of many chromadorean species resembles closely that of C. elegans, enoplean nematodes show markedly different patterns of early cell division and cell fate assignment. Embryogenesis of the enoplean Romanomermis culicivorax has been studied in detail, but the genetic circuitry underpinning development in this species has not been explored. RESULTS We generated a draft genome for R. culicivorax and compared its gene content with that of C. elegans, a second enoplean, the vertebrate parasite Trichinella spiralis, and a representative arthropod, Tribolium castaneum. This comparison revealed that R. culicivorax has retained components of the conserved ecdysozoan developmental gene toolkit lost in C. elegans. T. spiralis has independently lost even more of this toolkit than has C. elegans. However, the C. elegans toolkit is not simply depauperate, as many novel genes essential for embryogenesis in C. elegans are not found in, or have only extremely divergent homologues in R. culicivorax and T. spiralis. Our data imply fundamental differences in the genetic programmes not only for early cell specification but also others such as vulva formation and sex determination. CONCLUSIONS Despite the apparent morphological conservatism, major differences in the molecular logic of development have evolved within the phylum Nematoda. R. culicivorax serves as a tractable system to contrast C. elegans and understand how divergent genomic and thus regulatory backgrounds nevertheless generate a conserved phenotype. The R. culicivorax draft genome will promote use of this species as a research model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Kroiher
- Zoologisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | | | - Georgios D Koutsovoulos
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Sujai Kumar
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Julia I R Camps
- Zoologisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | - Ndifon A Nsah
- Zoologisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | - Dominik Stappert
- Institute für Entwicklungsbiologie, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | - Krystalynne Morris
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Peter Heger
- Zoologisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | - Peter Frommolt
- Cologne Center for Genomics, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | - W Kelley Thomas
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Mark L Blaxter
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Ribosomal loci represent a major tool for investigating environmental diversity and community structure via high-throughput marker gene studies of eukaryotes (e.g. 18S rRNA). Since the estimation of species' abundance is a major goal of environmental studies (by counting numbers of sequences), understanding the patterns of rRNA copy number across species will be critical for informing such high-throughput approaches. Such knowledge is critical, given that ribosomal RNA genes exist within multi-copy repeated arrays in a genome. Here we measured the repeat copy number for six nematode species by mapping the sequences from whole genome shotgun libraries against reference sequences for their rRNA repeat. This revealed a 6-fold variation in repeat copy number amongst taxa investigated, with levels of intragenomic variation ranging from 56 to 323 copies of the rRNA array. By applying the same approach to four C. elegans mutation accumulation lines propagated by repeated bottlenecking for an average of ~400 generations, we find on average a 2-fold increase in repeat copy number (rate of increase in rRNA estimated at 0.0285-0.3414 copies per generation), suggesting that rRNA repeat copy number is subject to selection. Within each Caenorhabditis species, the majority of intragenomic variation found across the rRNA repeat was observed within gene regions (18S, 28S, 5.8S), suggesting that such intragenomic variation is not a product of selection for rRNA coding function. We find that the dramatic variation in repeat copy number among these six nematode genomes would limit the use of rRNA in estimates of organismal abundance. In addition, the unique pattern of variation within a single genome was uncorrelated with patterns of divergence between species, reflecting a strong signature of natural selection for rRNA function. A better understanding of the factors that control or affect copy number in these arrays, as well as their rates and patterns of evolution, will be critical for informing estimates of global biodiversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly M. Bik
- Union Council Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - David Fournier
- Department of Computer Science, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Way Sung
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - R. Daniel Bergeron
- Department of Computer Science, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - W. Kelley Thomas
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Schuster
- Molecular, Cellular, & Biomedical SciencesUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNH
| | - Karyn B. Cahill
- Molecular, Cellular, & Biomedical SciencesUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNH
| | - Krystallynne Morris
- Molecular, Cellular, & Biomedical SciencesUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNH
| | - W. Kelley Thomas
- Molecular, Cellular, & Biomedical SciencesUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNH
| | - Rick H Cote
- Molecular, Cellular, & Biomedical SciencesUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNH
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Early marker-based metagenomic studies were performed without properly accounting for the effects of noise (sequencing errors, PCR single-base errors, and PCR chimeras). Denoising algorithms have been developed, but they were validated using data derived from mock communities, in which the true sequences were known. Since the algorithms were designed to be used in real community studies, it is important to evaluate the results in such cases. With this goal in mind, we processed a real 16S rRNA metagenomic dataset through five denoising pipelines. By reconstituting the sequence reads at each stage of the pipelines, we determined how the reads were being altered. In one denoising pipeline, AmpliconNoise, we found that the algorithm that was designed to remove pyrosequencing errors changed the reads in a manner inconsistent with the known spectrum of these errors, until one of the parameters was increased substantially from its default value. Additionally, because the longest read was picked as the representative for each cluster, sequences were added to the 3′ ends of shorter reads that were often dissimilar from what had been removed by the truncations of the previous filtering step. In QIIME, the denoising algorithm caused a much larger number of changes to the reads unless the parameters were changed from their defaults. The denoising pipeline in mothur avoided some of these negative side-effects because of its strict default filtering criteria, but these criteria also greatly limited the sequence information produced at the end of the pipeline. We recommend that those using these denoising pipelines be cognizant of these issues and examine how their reads are being transformed by the denoising process as a component of their analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M Gaspar
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
Thomas WK, Schnieke A, Seidel GE. Method for producing transgenic bovine embryos from in vitro matured and fertilized oocytes. Theriogenology 2012; 40:679-88. [PMID: 16727350 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(93)90204-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/1993] [Accepted: 06/09/1993] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Microinjection and in vitro culture procedures were developed to produce transgenic bovine embryos after in vitro fertilization of in vitro matured oocytes. In Experiment I, zygotes were subjected to pronuclear microinjection of DNA 18 or 24 h following addition of spermatozoa to oocytes. Microinjections were performed in either Hepes-buffered TCM-199 or modified Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline without glucose. Viability of embryos was similar at both injection times and for both media, as determined by morphological evaluation after culturing embryos in vitro for 10 d. In Experiment II, microinjected embryos were cultured 1) in rabbit oviducts, 2) in vitro in a 5% CO(2) in air, or 3) in a 5% CO(2) / 5% O(2) / 90% N(2) incubator. There were no significant differences between the 2 in vitro culture environments. The in vitro culture systems supported development of embryos significantly better than the rabbit oviducts; 33% of cleaved ova developed to blastocysts in vitro vs 10% in vivo; 98% of transferred ova were recovered from the rabbit oviducts. From both experiments, 6 of 92 blastocysts were positive for the microinjected DNA as determined by a polymerase chain reaction followed by gel electrophoresis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W K Thomas
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bell DC, Thomas WK, Murtagh KM, Dionne CA, Graham AC, Anderson JE, Glover WR. DNA base identification by electron microscopy. Microsc Microanal 2012; 18:1049-1053. [PMID: 23046798 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927612012615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Advances in DNA sequencing, based on fluorescent microscopy, have transformed many areas of biological research. However, only relatively short molecules can be sequenced by these technologies. Dramatic improvements in genomic research will require accurate sequencing of long (>10,000 base-pairs), intact DNA molecules. Our approach directly visualizes the sequence of DNA molecules using electron microscopy. This report represents the first identification of DNA base pairs within intact DNA molecules by electron microscopy. By enzymatically incorporating modified bases, which contain atoms of increased atomic number, direct visualization and identification of individually labeled bases within a synthetic 3,272 base-pair DNA molecule and a 7,249 base-pair viral genome have been accomplished. This proof of principle is made possible by the use of a dUTP nucleotide, substituted with a single mercury atom attached to the nitrogenous base. One of these contrast-enhanced, heavy-atom-labeled bases is paired with each adenosine base in the template molecule and then built into a double-stranded DNA molecule by a template-directed DNA polymerase enzyme. This modification is small enough to allow very long molecules with labels at each A-U position. Image contrast is further enhanced by using annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF-STEM). Further refinements to identify additional base types and more precisely determine the location of identified bases would allow full sequencing of long, intact DNA molecules, significantly improving the pace of complex genomic discoveries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Bell
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Vaughn R, Garnhart N, Garey JR, Thomas WK, Livingston BT. Sequencing and analysis of the gastrula transcriptome of the brittle star Ophiocoma wendtii. EvoDevo 2012; 3:19. [PMID: 22938175 PMCID: PMC3492025 DOI: 10.1186/2041-9139-3-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND The gastrula stage represents the point in development at which the three primary germ layers diverge. At this point the gene regulatory networks that specify the germ layers are established and the genes that define the differentiated states of the tissues have begun to be activated. These networks have been well-characterized in sea urchins, but not in other echinoderms. Embryos of the brittle star Ophiocoma wendtii share a number of developmental features with sea urchin embryos, including the ingression of mesenchyme cells that give rise to an embryonic skeleton. Notable differences are that no micromeres are formed during cleavage divisions and no pigment cells are formed during development to the pluteus larval stage. More subtle changes in timing of developmental events also occur. To explore the molecular basis for the similarities and differences between these two echinoderms, we have sequenced and characterized the gastrula transcriptome of O. wendtii. METHODS Development of Ophiocoma wendtii embryos was characterized and RNA was isolated from the gastrula stage. A transcriptome data base was generated from this RNA and was analyzed using a variety of methods to identify transcripts expressed and to compare those transcripts to those expressed at the gastrula stage in other organisms. RESULTS Using existing databases, we identified brittle star transcripts that correspond to 3,385 genes, including 1,863 genes shared with the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus gastrula transcriptome. We characterized the functional classes of genes present in the transcriptome and compared them to those found in this sea urchin. We then examined those members of the germ-layer specific gene regulatory networks (GRNs) of S. purpuratus that are expressed in the O. wendtii gastrula. Our results indicate that there is a shared 'genetic toolkit' central to the echinoderm gastrula, a key stage in embryonic development, though there are also differences that reflect changes in developmental processes. CONCLUSIONS The brittle star expresses genes representing all functional classes at the gastrula stage. Brittle stars and sea urchins have comparable numbers of each class of genes and share many of the genes expressed at gastrulation. Examination of the brittle star genes in which sea urchin orthologs are utilized in germ layer specification reveals a relatively higher level of conservation of key regulatory components compared to the overall transcriptome. We also identify genes that were either lost or whose temporal expression has diverged from that of sea urchins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roy Vaughn
- Department of Biological, Sciences, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90815, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bik HM, Halanych KM, Sharma J, Thomas WK. Dramatic shifts in benthic microbial eukaryote communities following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38550. [PMID: 22701662 PMCID: PMC3368851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Benthic habitats harbour a significant (yet unexplored) diversity of microscopic eukaryote taxa, including metazoan phyla, protists, algae and fungi. These groups are thought to underpin ecosystem functioning across diverse marine environments. Coastal marine habitats in the Gulf of Mexico experienced visible, heavy impacts following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010, yet our scant knowledge of prior eukaryotic biodiversity has precluded a thorough assessment of this disturbance. Using a marker gene and morphological approach, we present an intensive evaluation of microbial eukaryote communities prior to and following oiling around heavily impacted shorelines. Our results show significant changes in community structure, with pre-spill assemblages of diverse Metazoa giving way to dominant fungal communities in post-spill sediments. Post-spill fungal taxa exhibit low richness and are characterized by an abundance of known hydrocarbon-degrading genera, compared to prior communities that contained smaller and more diverse fungal assemblages. Comparative taxonomic data from nematodes further suggests drastic impacts; while pre-spill samples exhibit high richness and evenness of genera, post-spill communities contain mainly predatory and scavenger taxa alongside an abundance of juveniles. Based on this community analysis, our data suggest considerable (hidden) initial impacts across Gulf beaches may be ongoing, despite the disappearance of visible surface oil in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly M Bik
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Anderson JL, Taylor RL, Smith EC, Thomas WK, Smith SC. Differentially expressed genes in aortic smooth muscle cells from atherosclerosis-susceptible and atherosclerosis-resistant pigeons. Poult Sci 2012; 91:1315-25. [PMID: 22582288 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to spontaneous atherosclerosis in the White Carneau (WC-As) pigeon shows autosomal recessive inheritance. Aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) cultured from susceptible WC-As and resistant Show Racer (SR-Ar) pigeons exhibit developmental and degenerative features corresponding to the respective SMC at atherosclerosis-prone sites in vivo. We used representational difference analysis to identify differentially expressed genes between WC-As and SR-Ar aortic SMC. Total RNA was extracted from cultured primary SMC of each breed, converted to double-stranded cDNA, followed by direct comparison in reciprocal representational difference analysis experiments. Difference products were cloned, sequenced, and identified by BLAST against the chicken genome. Six putative biochemical pathways were distinctly different between breeds with genes involved in energy metabolism and contractility exhibiting the most striking disparity. Genes associated with glycolysis and a synthetic SMC phenotype were expressed in WC-As cells. In contrast, SR-Ar cells expressed genes indicative of oxidative phosphorylation and a contractile SMC phenotype. In WC-As cells, the alternatives of insufficient ATP production limiting contractile function or the lack of functional contractile elements downregulating ATP synthesis cannot be distinguished due to the compressed in vitro versus in vivo developmental time frame. However, the genetic potential for effectively coupling energy production to muscle contraction present in the resistant SR-Ar was lacking in the susceptible WC-As.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Anderson
- Department of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, 03824, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bik HM, Sung W, De Ley P, Baldwin JG, Sharma J, Rocha-Olivares A, Thomas WK. Metagenetic community analysis of microbial eukaryotes illuminates biogeographic patterns in deep-sea and shallow water sediments. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:1048-59. [PMID: 21985648 PMCID: PMC3261328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Microbial eukaryotes (nematodes, protists, fungi, etc., loosely referred to as meiofauna) are ubiquitous in marine sediments and probably play pivotal roles in maintaining ecosystem function. Although the deep-sea benthos represents one of the world's largest habitats, we lack a firm understanding of the biodiversity and community interactions amongst meiobenthic organisms in this ecosystem. Within this vast environment, key questions concerning the historical genetic structure of species remain a mystery, yet have profound implications for our understanding of global biodiversity and how we perceive and mitigate the impact of environmental change and anthropogenic disturbance. Using a metagenetic approach, we present an assessment of microbial eukaryote communities across depth (shallow water to abyssal) and ocean basins (deep-sea Pacific and Atlantic). Within the 12 sites examined, our results suggest that some taxa can maintain eurybathic ranges and cosmopolitan deep-sea distributions, but the majority of species appear to be regionally restricted. For Operationally Clustered Taxonomic Units (OCTUs) reporting wide distributions, there appears to be a taxonomic bias towards a small subset of taxa in most phyla; such bias may be driven by specific life history traits amongst these organisms. In addition, low genetic divergence between geographically disparate deep-sea sites suggests either a shorter coalescence time between deep-sea regions or slower rates of evolution across this vast oceanic ecosystem. While high-throughput studies allow for broad assessment of genetic patterns across microbial eukaryote communities, intragenomic variation in rRNA gene copies and the patchy coverage of reference databases currently present substantial challenges for robust taxonomic interpretations of eukaryotic data sets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly M Bik
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Porazinska DL, Giblin-Davis RM, Sung W, Thomas WK. The nature and frequency of chimeras in eukaryotic metagenetic samples. J Nematol 2012; 44:18-25. [PMID: 23482827 PMCID: PMC3593260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrosequencing of an artificially assembled nematode community of known nematode species at known densities allowed us to characterize the potential extent of chimera problems in multi-template eukaryotic samples. Chimeras were confirmed to be very common, making up to 17% of all high quality pyrosequencing reads and exceeding 40% of all OCTUs (operationally clustered taxonomic units). Typically, chimeric OCTUs were made up of single or double reads, but very well covered OCTUs were also present. As expected, the majority of chimeras were formed between two DNA molecules of nematode origin, but a small proportion involved a nematode and a fragment of another eukaryote origin. In addition, examples of a combination of three or even four different template origins were observed. All chimeras were associated with the presence of conserved regions with 80% of all recombinants following a conserved region of about 25bp. While there was a positive influence of species abundance on the overall number of chimeras, the influence of specific-species identity was less apparent. We also suggest that the problem is not nematode exclusive, but instead applies to other eukaryotes typically accompanying nematodes (e.g. fungi, rotifers, tardigrades). An analysis of real environmental samples revealed the presence of chimeras for all eukaryotic taxa in patterns similar to that observed in artificial nematode communities. This information warrants caution for biodiversity studies utilizing a step of PCR amplification of complex DNA samples. When unrecognized, generated abundant chimeric sequences falsely overestimate eukaryotic biodiversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota L Porazinska
- Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, 3205 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|