Mechanical Interatomic Bond Formation in Ethanol and Methanol-Ethanol Mixture by Laser-Driven Shock Waves

Molecules, which were predicted to be produced by C-C or C-O bond formation between ethanol molecules induced by a laser-driven shock wave, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Moreover, the laser irradiation of a methanol-ethanol mixture revealed the formation of C-C and C-O bonds between both components. Particularly, four hemiacetals (methoxymethanol, 1-methoxyethanol, ethoxymethanol, and 1-ethoxyethanol) were identified in the Ar-saturated alcohol samples, whereas acetalization dominated sufficiently in the CO2-saturated samples, significantly reducing the hemiacetals. It was verified that some molecules were produced by the dropout of an ethanol part during the C-C or C-O bond formation, supporting the contribution of laser-driven shock waves.

Mechanical C-C Bond Formation by Laser Driven Shock Wave

Mechanically induced C-C bond formation was demonstrated by the laser driven shock wave generated in liquid normal alkanes at room temperature. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis revealed the dehydrogenation condensation between two alkane molecules, for seven normal alkanes from pentane to undecane. Major products were identified to be linear and branched alkane molecules with double the number of carbons, and exactly coincided with the molecules predicted by supposing that a C-C bond was formed between two starting molecules. The production of the alkane molecules showed that the C-C bond formation occurred almost evenly at all the carbon positions. The dependence of the production on the laser pulse energy clearly indicated that the process was attributed to the shock wave. The C-C bond formation observed was not a conventional passive chemical reaction but an unprecedented active reaction.

A buckwheat protein product suppresses 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats by reducing cell proliferation

This study was conducted to examine the effect of consumption of buckwheat protein product (BWP) on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon tumor in rats. Male growing Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing either casein or BWP (net protein level, 200 g/kg; n = 20/group) for 124 d. The rats were gavaged weekly with DMH (20 mg/kg body) for the first 8 wk. Food intake and growth were unaffected by dietary manipulation. Dietary BWP caused a 47% reduction in the incidence of colonic adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05), but did not affect the incidence of colonic adenomas. BWP intake tended to reduce the number of colon adenocarcinomas (P = 0.16). Consumption of BWP significantly reduced cell proliferation and expression of c-myc and c-fos proteins in colonic epithelium. The results suggest that dietary BWP has a protective effect against DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats by reducing cell proliferation.

Predicting rehospitalization from community placement

120 patients were given the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) prior to placement in family care and in board and care homes. After 1 yr., 20 patients had been rehospitalized. Another group of 20 patients was randomly selected from those who had not been rehospitalized during the year. The 2 groups were compared on various MMPI scales and with respect to age, sex, length of hospitalization, and type of placement to which they were sent. Type of placement was a significant factor in length of patient community residence.