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Choi JY, Noguchi Y, Alburger JM, Bayle S, Chung E, Grant W, Chaikuad A, Knapp S, Duckett DR, Roush WR. Structure-Based Development of Isoform-Selective Inhibitors of Casein Kinase 1ε vs Casein Kinase 1δ. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37204207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Specific inhibition of a single kinase isoform is a challenging task due to the highly conserved nature of ATP-binding sites. Casein kinase 1 (CK1) δ and ε share 97% sequence identity in their catalytic domains. From a comparison of the X-ray crystal structures of CK1δ and CK1ε, we developed a potent and highly CK1ε-isoform-selective inhibitor (SR-4133). The X-ray co-crystal structure of the CK1δ-SR-4133 complex reveals that the electrostatic surface between the naphthyl unit of SR-4133 and CK1δ is mismatched, destabilizing the interaction of SR-4133 with CK1δ. Conversely, the hydrophobic surface area resulting from the Asp-Phe-Gly motif (DFG)-out conformation of CK1ε stabilizes the binding of SR-4133 in the ATP-binding pocket of CK1ε, leading to the selective inhibition of CK1ε. The potent CK1ε-selective agents display nanomolar growth inhibition of bladder cancer cells and inhibit the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 in T24 cells, which is a direct downstream effector of CK1ε.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yong Choi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, Queens, New York 11367, United States
- Ph.D. Programs in Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Yoshihiko Noguchi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - James M Alburger
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Simon Bayle
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Eugene Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, Queens, New York 11367, United States
| | - Wayne Grant
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Derek R Duckett
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - William R Roush
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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Grant W, Citla-Sridhar D, Tran A, Mack JM. Hyperhemolysis syndrome - a rare complication in a patient with sickle disease. Am J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(23)00265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Lorimer C, Cheng L, Chandler R, Garcez K, Gill V, Graham K, Grant W, Sardo Infirri S, Wadsley J, Wall L, Webber N, Wong KH, Newbold K. Dabrafenib and Trametinib Therapy for Advanced Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer - Real-World Outcomes From UK Centres. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2023; 35:e60-e66. [PMID: 36379836 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare but aggressive form of thyroid cancer with a median survival of 4 months. Recent advances in molecular profiling have shown that up to half of ATCs harbour the BRAF-V600E mutation. The aim of this study was to provide real-world data and experience on the use of combination therapy dabrafenib and trametinib in patients with BRAF-V600E-mutated advanced ATC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated patients with confirmed BRAF-V600E-mutated ATC, defined as patients with locally advanced or metastatic ATC with no locoregional, radical treatment options. Outcomes measured were overall survival, progression-free survival, response rate, discontinuation rate, dose reduction rate and toxicity data. RESULTS Seventeen patients were evaluated and the mean age was 68 years. Ten patients died by the time of censoring. The median duration of follow-up was 12 months (3-43 months). The estimated median overall survival was 6.9 months (95% confidence interval 2.46 months - upper confidence interval not reached) and the median progression-free survival was 4.7 months (95% confidence interval 1.4-7.8 months). Dose interruptions and/or reductions were common, but none of the patients had to permanently discontinue treatment because of toxicities. Severe toxicities (grades 3 and 4) were uncommon. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the indication of dabrafenib and trametinib in BRAF-V600E-mutated ATC as an effective and well-tolerated treatment in an historically difficult to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lorimer
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - L Cheng
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
| | - R Chandler
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - K Garcez
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - V Gill
- St James's Institute of Oncology, St James's Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - K Graham
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - W Grant
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham General Hospital, Cheltenham, UK
| | | | - J Wadsley
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Sheffield, UK
| | - L Wall
- Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N Webber
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - K H Wong
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - K Newbold
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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Stelmes JJ, Vu E, Grégoire V, Simon C, Clementel E, Kazmierska J, Grant W, Ozsahin M, Tomsej M, Vieillevigne L, Fortpied C, Hurkmans EC, Branquinho A, Andratschke N, Zimmermann F, Weber DC. Quality assurance of radiotherapy in the ongoing EORTC 1420 "Best of" trial for early stage oropharyngeal, supraglottic and hypopharyngeal carcinoma: results of the benchmark case procedure. Radiat Oncol 2021; 16:81. [PMID: 33933118 PMCID: PMC8088557 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-021-01809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current phase III EORTC 1420 Best-of trial (NCT02984410) compares the swallowing function after transoral surgery versus intensity modulated radiotherapy (RT) in patients with early-stage carcinoma of the oropharynx, supraglottis and hypopharynx. We report the analysis of the Benchmark Case (BC) procedures before patient recruitment with special attention to dysphagia/aspiration related structures (DARS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Submitted RT volumes and plans from participating centers were analyzed and compared against the gold-standard expert delineations and dose distributions. Descriptive analysis of protocol deviations was conducted. Mean Sorensen-Dice similarity index (mDSI) and Hausdorff distance (mHD) were applied to evaluate the inter-observer variability (IOV). RESULTS 65% (23/35) of the institutions needed more than one submission to achieve Quality assurance (RTQA) clearance. OAR volume delineations were the cause for rejection in 53% (40/76) of cases. IOV could be improved in 5 out of 12 OARs by more than 10 mm after resubmission (mHD). Despite this, final IOV for critical OARs in delineation remained significant among DARS by choosing an aleatory threshold of 0.7 (mDSI) and 15 mm (mHD). CONCLUSIONS This is to our knowledge the largest BC analysis among Head and neck RTQA programs performed in the framework of a prospective trial. Benchmarking identified non-common OARs and target delineations errors as the main source of deviations and IOV could be reduced in a significant number of cases after this process. Due to the substantial resources involved with benchmarking, future benchmark analyses should assess fully the impact on patients' clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-J Stelmes
- Radiation Oncology Department, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Via Athos Gallino 12, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - E Vu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - C Simon
- Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - W Grant
- Gloucestershire Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
| | - M Ozsahin
- Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Tomsej
- Hospital of Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - A Branquinho
- Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - F Zimmermann
- University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D-C Weber
- University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Paul-Scherrer-Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
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Willmann J, Monti A, Poortmans P, Grant W, Clementel E, Corning C, Reynaert N, Hurkmans C, Andratschke N. PO-1273: Infrastructure and staffing in the EORTC Radiation Oncology Group’s international network. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Vena F, Bayle S, Nieto A, Quereda V, Aceti M, Frydman SM, Sansil SS, Grant W, Monastyrskyi A, McDonald P, Roush WR, Teng M, Duckett D. Targeting Casein Kinase 1 Delta Sensitizes Pancreatic and Bladder Cancer Cells to Gemcitabine Treatment by Upregulating Deoxycytidine Kinase. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1623-1635. [PMID: 32430484 PMCID: PMC7415672 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although gemcitabine is the cornerstone of care for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), patients lack durable responses and relapse is inevitable. While the underlying mechanisms leading to gemcitabine resistance are likely to be multifactorial, there is a strong association between activating gemcitabine metabolism pathways and clinical outcome. This study evaluated casein kinase 1 delta (CK1δ) as a potential therapeutic target for PDA and bladder cancer, in which CK1δ is frequently overexpressed. We assessed the antitumor effects of genetically silencing or pharmacologically inhibiting CK1δ using our in-house CK1δ small-molecule inhibitor SR-3029, either alone or in combination with gemcitabine, on the proliferation and survival of pancreatic and bladder cancer cell lines and orthotopic mouse models. Genetic studies confirmed that silencing CK1δ or treatment with SR-3029 induced a significant upregulation of deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), a rate-limiting enzyme in gemcitabine metabolite activation. The combination of SR-3029 with gemcitabine induced synergistic antiproliferative activity and enhanced apoptosis in both pancreatic and bladder cancer cells. Furthermore, in an orthotopic pancreatic tumor model, we observed improved efficacy with combination treatment concomitant with increased dCK expression. This study demonstrates that CK1δ plays a role in gemcitabine metabolism, and that the combination of CK1δ inhibition with gemcitabine holds promise as a future therapeutic option for metastatic PDA as well as other cancers with upregulated CK1δ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Vena
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Simon Bayle
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ainhoa Nieto
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Victor Quereda
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Sylvia M Frydman
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Samer S Sansil
- Translational Research Core, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Wayne Grant
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | | | - Patricia McDonald
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - William R Roush
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Mingxiang Teng
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Derek Duckett
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.
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Monastyrskyi A, Nilchan N, Quereda V, Noguchi Y, Ruiz C, Grant W, Cameron M, Duckett D, Roush W. Development of dual casein kinase 1δ/1ε (CK1δ/ε) inhibitors for treatment of breast cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:590-602. [PMID: 29289448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Casein kinase 1δ/ε have been identified as promising therapeutic target for oncology application, including breast and brain cancer. Here, we described our continued efforts in optimization of a lead series of purine scaffold inhibitors that led to identification of two new CK1δ/ε inhibitors 17 and 28 displaying low nanomolar values in antiproliferative assays against the human MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cell line and have physical, in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties suitable for use in proof of principle animal xenograft studies against human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Monastyrskyi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Napon Nilchan
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Victor Quereda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Yoshihiko Noguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Claudia Ruiz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Wayne Grant
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Michael Cameron
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Derek Duckett
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - William Roush
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States.
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Wood SD, Grant W, Adrados I, Choi JY, Alburger JM, Duckett DR, Roush WR. In Silico HTS and Structure Based Optimization of Indazole-Derived ULK1 Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:1258-1263. [PMID: 29259744 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the outcome of an in silico high throughput screen (HTS) and optimization of a small molecule Unc-51-Like Kinase 1 (ULK1) inhibitor hit, SR-17398, with an indazole core. Docking studies guided design efforts that led to inhibitors with increased activity vs ULK1 (IC50 < 50 nM). The most advanced molecules in this inhibitor series (3a and 3g) hold promise for further development into selective ULK1 molecular probes to interrogate the biology of ULK1 and to assess whether selectively targeting autophagy is an effective anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer D. Wood
- Department
of Chemistry and †Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Wayne Grant
- Department
of Chemistry and †Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Isabel Adrados
- Department
of Chemistry and †Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Jun Yong Choi
- Department
of Chemistry and †Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - James M. Alburger
- Department
of Chemistry and †Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Derek R. Duckett
- Department
of Chemistry and †Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - William R. Roush
- Department
of Chemistry and †Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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Monastyrskyi A, Bayle S, Quereda V, Grant W, Cameron M, Duckett D, Roush W. Discovery of 2-arylquinazoline derivatives as a new class of ASK1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 28:400-404. [PMID: 29277458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of a new series of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) inhibitors is described. Starting from purine, pyrimidine and quinazoline scaffolds identified by high throughput screening, we used tools of structure-based drug design to develop a series of potent kinase inhibitors, including 2-arylquinazoline derivatives 12 and 23, with submicromolar inhibitory activities against ASK1. Kinetic analysis demonstrated that the 2-arylquinazoline scaffold ASK1 inhibitors described herein are ATP competitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Monastyrskyi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Simon Bayle
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Victor Quereda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Wayne Grant
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Michael Cameron
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Derek Duckett
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - William Roush
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States.
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10
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Beegun I, Steele L, Hassaan A, Saleh H, Grant W. Outpatient clinic numbers: a review of standards and current practice. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2017; 78:44-48. [PMID: 28067573 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2017.78.1.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This article explores current recommendations for the safe and efficient running of outpatient clinics, why non-adherence exists, the consequences of non-adherence, and what can be done to improve standards. It promotes adherence to recommendations by both clinical and managerial staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Beegun
- Ear, Nose and Throat Registrar, Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W6 8RF
| | - L Steele
- Foundation Doctor, Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London
| | - A Hassaan
- Locum Ear, Nose and Throat Consultant, West Middlesex University Hospital, Isleworth, London
| | - H Saleh
- Ear, Nose and Throat Consultant, Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London
| | - W Grant
- Ear, Nose and Throat Consultant, Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London
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Poole JA, Qiu F, Kalil AC, Grant W, Mercer DF, Florescu DF. Impact of Immunoglobulin Therapy in Intestinal Transplant Recipients With Posttransplantation Hypogammaglobulinemia. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:479-84. [PMID: 27109982 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe hypogammaglobulinemia (HGG) (IgG <400 mg/dL) following intestinal transplantation is common. Although IgG replacement therapy is commonly used, clinical outcomes associated with increasing IgG levels to >400 mg/dL are not well described. METHODS Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to estimate survival, the log-rank test to compare survival distributions between groups, and the Fisher exact test to determine the association between HGG and rejection. RESULTS A total of 23 intestinal transplant (IT) recipients with a median age of 2.3 years (range, 0.7-41 years) at the time of HGG diagnosis were included. The types of transplants were liver-small bowel (73.9%), liver-small bowel-kidney (8.7%), and small bowel only (17.4%). The 3-year survival after the diagnosis of HGG was 50.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 28.2%-68.7%). There was no difference in survival (P = .67) when patients were dichotomized based upon IgG level at last follow-up (IgG ≥400 mg/dL, n = 14; and IgG <400 mg/dL, n = 9). There was no also evidence of an association between survival and: total dose (P = .58), frequency (P = .11), and number of IgG doses administered (P = .8). There was no difference in survival between patients receiving (n = 12) or not receiving (n = 11) cytomegalovirus hyperimmunoglobulin (P = .10). CONCLUSIONS Improved survival rates were not found in our IT recipients with severe HGG with immunoglobulin therapy to IgG levels of ≥400 mg/dL, even when cytomegalovirus hyperimmunoglobulin was administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Poole
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - F Qiu
- Biostatistics Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - A C Kalil
- Transplant Infectious Diseases Program, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - W Grant
- Transplant Surgery Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - D F Mercer
- Transplant Surgery Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - D F Florescu
- Transplant Infectious Diseases Program, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Transplant Surgery Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
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12
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Rosenberg LH, Lafitte M, Quereda V, Grant W, Chen W, Bibian M, Noguchi Y, Fallahi M, Yang C, Chang JC, Roush WR, Cleveland JL, Duckett DR. Therapeutic targeting of casein kinase 1δ in breast cancer. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:318ra202. [PMID: 26676609 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac8773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Identification of specific drivers of human cancer is required to instruct the development of targeted therapeutics. We demonstrate that CSNK1D is amplified and/or overexpressed in human breast tumors and that casein kinase 1δ (CK1δ) is a vulnerability of human breast cancer subtypes overexpressing this kinase. Specifically, selective knockdown of CK1δ, or treatment with a highly selective and potent CK1δ inhibitor, triggers apoptosis of CK1δ-expressing breast tumor cells ex vivo, tumor regression in orthotopic models of triple-negative breast cancer, including patient-derived xenografts, and tumor growth inhibition in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2(+)) breast cancer models. We also show that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a hallmark of human tumors overexpressing CK1δ, that disabling CK1δ blocks nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and T cell factor transcriptional activity, and that constitutively active β-catenin overrides the effects of inhibition or silencing of CK1δ. Thus, CK1δ inhibition represents a promising strategy for targeted treatment in human breast cancer with Wnt/β-catenin involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Rosenberg
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA. Cancer Research Technology Discovery Laboratories, Jonas Webb Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Marie Lafitte
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Victor Quereda
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Wayne Grant
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Weimin Chen
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Mathieu Bibian
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Yoshihiko Noguchi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Mohammad Fallahi
- Informatics Core, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Chunying Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA. Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jenny C Chang
- Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, P21-34, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William R Roush
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - John L Cleveland
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA. Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Derek R Duckett
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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13
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Grant W. WE-G-304-04: My Personal Experience. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4926056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Rosenberg LH, Lafitte M, Grant W, Chen W, Cleveland JL, Duckett DR. Development of an HTS-Compatible Assay for the Discovery of Ulk1 Inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:913-20. [PMID: 25851035 DOI: 10.1177/1087057115579391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A rapidly accumulating body of work suggests the autophagy pathway is an attractive therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. To validate autophagy as an anticancer strategy and to assess if systemic inhibition of the pathway will have deleterious effects on normal tissues and physiology, highly selective autophagy inhibitors are needed. While several inducers and inhibitors of autophagy are known, all are nonspecific and none target the enzymes that execute the pathway. A central upstream regulator of the autophagy pathway is the serine/threonine kinase Ulk1 (UNC-51-like kinase-1). Selective molecular probes that function as Ulk1-specific inhibitors are needed to improve our understanding of the autophagy pathway. To identify inhibitors of Ulk1 kinase activity, we developed an HTS-compatible, homogeneous biochemical assay using AlphaScreen technology. This novel assay design uses purified stress-activated Ulk1 and monitors phosphorylation of its full-length native substrate, Atg13. This assay was optimized and validated in a 384-well format by screening the Sigma LOPAC library. Here we report that the Ulk1 AlphaScreen assay is robust and reproducible, with a Z' factor value of 0.83 ± 0.02 and a signal to background ratio of 20 ± 1.2. Thus, this assay can be used to screen large chemical libraries to discover novel inhibitors of Ulk1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Rosenberg
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Marie Lafitte
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Wayne Grant
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Weimin Chen
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - John L Cleveland
- Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Derek R Duckett
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
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Jones B, Grant W. Retreatment of Central Nervous System Tumours. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2014; 26:407-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2014.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pratts M, Citrome L, Grant W, Leso L, Opler LA. A single-dose, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sublingual asenapine for acute agitation. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2014; 130:61-8. [PMID: 24606117 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess sublingual asenapine for acute agitation. METHOD Agitated adults 18-65 years (any diagnosis) presenting for treatment in an emergency department and found to have a score of ≥14 on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Excited Component (PANSS-EC) were randomized to receive either a single dose of a sublingual 10 mg tablet of asenapine or placebo. Primary outcome measure was change in the PANSS-EC score from baseline to 2 h after medication or placebo administration. Secondary outcomes included the percentage of responders with a ≥ 40% reduction from baseline on the PANSS-EC score at 2 h. RESULTS A total of 120 subjects were randomized, 60 each to sublingual asenapine or placebo. Mean (SE) baseline PANSS-EC scores for the asenapine-treated and placebo-treated subjects were 19.4 ± 0.66 and 20.1 ± 0.61, respectively. Mean PANSS-EC scores at endpoint (LOCF) was 7.4 ± 0.65 for the asenapine-treated subjects and 14.7 ± 0.98 for the placebo-treated subjects. Change in PANSS-EC score at 2 h was statistically significantly greater for the asenapine-treated subjects compared with the placebo-treated subjects. NNT for response vs. placebo was 3 (95% CI 2-4). CONCLUSION Sublingual asenapine was efficacious in the treatment of agitation with an effect size comparable to that observed in prior studies of intramuscular antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pratts
- St. Joseph's Hospital Health Center, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Yin Y, Lin L, Ruiz C, Khan S, Cameron MD, Grant W, Pocas J, Eid N, Park H, Schröter T, Lograsso PV, Feng Y. Synthesis and biological evaluation of urea derivatives as highly potent and selective rho kinase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2013; 56:3568-81. [PMID: 23570561 DOI: 10.1021/jm400062r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RhoA and its downstream effector ROCK mediate stress fiber formation and cell contraction through their effects on the phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC). Inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway has proven to be a promising strategy for several indications such as cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, and inflammatory disease. In 2010, our group reported urea-based ROCK inhibitors as potential antiglaucoma agents. These compounds showed potent IC50 values in enzymatic and cell-based assays and significant intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effects in rats (∼7 mmHg). (22) To develop more advanced ROCK inhibitors targeting various potential applications (such as myocardial infarction, erectile dysfunction, multiple sclerosis, etc.) in addition to glaucoma, a thorough SAR for this urea-based scaffold was studied. The detailed optimization process, counter-screening, and in vitro and in vivo DMPK studies are discussed. Potent and selective ROCK inhibitors with various in vivo pharmacokinetic properties were discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yin
- Medicinal Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, #2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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Chowdhury S, Chen YT, Fang X, Grant W, Pocas J, Cameron MD, Ruiz C, Lin L, Park H, Schröter T, Bannister TD, Lograsso PV, Feng Y. Amino acid derived quinazolines as Rock/PKA inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1592-9. [PMID: 23416002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.01.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
SAR and lead optimization studies for Rock inhibitors based on amino acid-derived quinazolines are described. Studies demonstrated that these amino acid derived quinazolinones were mainly pan-Rock (I & II) inhibitors. While selectivity against other kinases could be achieved, selectivity for most of these compounds against PKA was not achieved. This is distinct from Rock inhibitors based on non-amino acid derived quinazolinones, where high selectivity against PKA could be obtained.(22) The inhibitors presented here in some cases possessed sub-nanomolar inhibition of Rock, nanomolar potency in ppMLC cell based assays, low to fair cytochrome P-450 inhibition, and good human microsomal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwat Chowdhury
- Medicinal Chemistry, Translational Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, 2A1, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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Paolo W, Schreffler S, Lavoie T, Wojcik S, Grant W. 159 Stroke-Alert Activation in Patients With a Diagnosis Other Than Stroke. Ann Emerg Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.06.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Pal L, Kidwai N, Grant W. Relevance of “SCOTS' PARADOX” for reproductive biology? Fertil Steril 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.07.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Grant W, Mcgary J, Rosen I, Nitsch P, Davidson S. SU-E-T-210: Surviving a Visit by the Radiological Physics Center. Med Phys 2012; 39:3751. [PMID: 28517340 DOI: 10.1118/1.4735271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate an objective approach to determining if a negative report from the Radiological Physics Center (RPC) of greater than 10% error is valid or has clinical significance. METHODS The discrepancy involved the clinical activity (mgRaEq) of Cs-137 sources, some manufactured by 3M and some by Amersham. Measurements were made in the proprietary RPC Well Counter calibrated by the MD Anderson ADCL and our Well Counter (CNMC, Model 44D) calibrated by the same laboratory as well as the University of Wisconsin ADCL. In addition, we possess an Amersham Cs-137 Check Source that had been calibrated by the UW-ADCL in 2002. All clinical sources were checked in both Well Counters on the first visit. One clinical source and the Check Source were measured in a second visit that occurred 51 days later. RESULTS On the initial RPC visit, 9 of 25 sources had a minimum of an 8% discrepancy between the RPC and the Institution, with a maximum of 11%. Contributing errors included using the incorrect straw position by us, an unexplained 2.3% error in the RPC data identified 73 days post-visit, a 2% variation in Chamber Factors for our Well Counter from the two ADCL's. When we use the 2004 value of Air Kerma Strength for the Check Source to determine a Calibration Factor of the Well Counter, all sources were within 0.5% of their decayed value established in 2002. CONCLUSIONS This work emphasizes the value of having simple Constancy Check systems in a Quality Assurance program as 'Accuracy' has error bars. The disagreement in calibration data between the ADCL Laboratories, which was at the 2% maximum quoted in their Calibration Reports, is a reminder that there is uncertainty in measurements. Constancy Checks allow one to sort out discrepancies and to answer challenges to the validity of your program.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Grant
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - J Mcgary
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - I Rosen
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - P Nitsch
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - S Davidson
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
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Florescu DF, Langnas AN, Grant W, Mercer DF, Botha J, Qiu F, Shafer L, Kalil AC. Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes associated with cytomegalovirus disease in small bowel transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant 2012; 16:294-301. [PMID: 22212495 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2011.01628.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite improved prophylaxis, monitoring, and more efficient immunosuppression, CMV infection remains a common opportunistic infection in transplant recipients. We assessed the incidence of CMV disease in pediatric SBT recipients, the timing of CMV disease after transplantation, and its impact on patient outcome. The medical records of 98 SBT recipients were reviewed. We performed descriptive analysis, regression analysis, and Kaplan-Meier curves to determine the time-to-event after transplantation. Fifty-three percent patients were male and 47% female, with a mean age of 38.3 months. Thirty-five percent of patients received prophylactic VGC, 55% GCV, 10% a combination of GCV/VGC, and 99% CMV immunoglobulins. A total of 24.5% recipients were CMV D+/R- (CMV serostatus donor positive/recipient negative). Seven (c. 7%) patients developed CMV disease. CMV disease was associated with 2.5 times (0.52-12.1; p = 0.25) higher rate of CMV mismatch and 11.1 times (1.3-95.9; p = 0.03) higher risk of death. CMV prophylaxis increased time-to-death (p = 0.074). Time-to-CMV disease was shorter in patients with enteritis (p < 0.0001), and CMV disease was associated with shorter time-to-death after transplantation (p = 0.001). CMV disease in SBT recipients was associated with an 11-fold mortality increase and a fourfold faster time-to-death. Time-to-death was significantly shorter with CMV enteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Florescu
- Infectious Diseases Division, Transplant Infectious Diseases Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5400, USA.
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Gautam R, Kulow M, Döpfer D, Kaspar C, Gonzales T, Pertzborn K, Carroll R, Grant W, Ivanek R. The strain-specific dynamics of Escherichia coli O157:H7 faecal shedding in cattle post inoculation. J Biol Dyn 2012; 6:1052-1066. [PMID: 22988977 PMCID: PMC3983691 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2012.722232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study reports analysis of faecal shedding dynamics in cattle for three Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ECO157) strains (S1, S2 and S3) of different genotype and ecological history, using experimental inoculation data. The three strains were compared for their shedding frequency and level of ECO157 in faeces. A multistate Markov chain model was used to compare shedding patterns of S1 and S2. Strains S1 and S2 were detected seven to eight times more often and at 10(4) larger levels than strain S3. Strains S1 and S2 had similar frequencies and levels of shedding. However, the total time spent in the shedding state during colonization was on average four times longer for S1 (15 days) compared to S2 (4 days). These results indicate that an ECO157 strain effect on the frequency, level, pattern and the duration of faecal shedding may need to be considered in control of ECO157 in the cattle reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Gautam
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - M. Kulow
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - D. Döpfer
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - C. Kaspar
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - T. Gonzales
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - K.M. Pertzborn
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - R.J. Carroll
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - W. Grant
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - R. Ivanek
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Chowdhury S, Sessions EH, Pocas JR, Grant W, Schröter T, Lin L, Ruiz C, Cameron MD, Schürer S, LoGrasso P, Bannister TD, Feng Y. Discovery and optimization of indoles and 7-azaindoles as Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitors (part-I). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:7107-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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25
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Sessions EH, Chowdhury S, Yin Y, Pocas JR, Grant W, Schröter T, Lin L, Ruiz C, Cameron MD, LoGrasso P, Bannister TD, Feng Y. Discovery and optimization of indole and 7-azaindoles as Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitors (Part-II). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:7113-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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26
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Florescu DF, McCartney AM, Qiu F, Langnas AN, Botha J, Mercer DF, Grant W, Kalil AC. Staphylococcus aureus infections after liver transplantation. Infection 2011; 40:263-9. [PMID: 22124952 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-011-0224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More data on the risk factors and outcomes after Staphylococcus aureus infections in liver transplantation are needed. METHODS Liver recipients with S. aureus infections (cases) were retrospectively identified and compared to gender-, age-, and transplant type-matched (1:2) non-S. aureus-infected controls. Risk factors associated with S. aureus infections were identified by conditional logistic regression analysis. RESULTS We evaluated 51 patients (median age 52 years). First S. aureus infections developed at a median time of 29 days after transplantation, with 52.94% of them in the first month; 88.24% were nosocomial, 41.18% were polymicrobial, and 47.06% were caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Surgical site infections represented 58.82% and bacteremia 23.53%. By univariate analysis, patients with S. aureus infections were intubated more frequently (odds ratio [OR] 26.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.23-3,504.15, p = 0.0006), had a central line (OR 11.69, 95% CI 1.42-95.9, p = 0.02), or recent surgery (OR 26.92, 95% CI 3.23-3,504.15, p = 0.0006) compared with controls. By multivariate analysis, subjects who underwent surgery within 2 weeks prior to infection had a 26.9 times higher risk of developing S. aureus infection (95% CI 3.23-3,504.15, p = 0.0006); these results were adjusted for matched criteria. S. aureus infections did not affect graft or patient survival, but the study was not powered for such outcomes. CONCLUSION Only recent surgical procedure was found to be a significant independent risk factor for S. aureus infections after liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Florescu
- Infectious Diseases Section, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA.
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Schneider S, Richardson T, Triner W, Roback N, Ellis G, Bienkowski R, Moscati R, Wojak S, Grant W, Crane P. 175 Use of Non-Veteran Administration Medical Emergency Departments by Military Veterans. Ann Emerg Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.06.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Hara MR, Kovacs JJ, Whalen EJ, Rajagopal S, Strachan RT, Grant W, Towers AJ, Williams B, Lam CM, Xiao K, Shenoy SK, Gregory SG, Ahn S, Duckett DR, Lefkowitz RJ. A stress response pathway regulates DNA damage through β2-adrenoreceptors and β-arrestin-1. Nature 2011; 477:349-53. [PMID: 21857681 PMCID: PMC3628753 DOI: 10.1038/nature10368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The human mind and body respond to stress, a state of perceived threat to homeostasis, by activating the sympathetic nervous system and secreting the catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenaline in the 'fight-or-flight' response. The stress response is generally transient because its accompanying effects (for example, immunosuppression, growth inhibition and enhanced catabolism) can be harmful in the long term. When chronic, the stress response can be associated with disease symptoms such as peptic ulcers or cardiovascular disorders, and epidemiological studies strongly indicate that chronic stress leads to DNA damage. This stress-induced DNA damage may promote ageing, tumorigenesis, neuropsychiatric conditions and miscarriages. However, the mechanisms by which these DNA-damage events occur in response to stress are unknown. The stress hormone adrenaline stimulates β(2)-adrenoreceptors that are expressed throughout the body, including in germline cells and zygotic embryos. Activated β(2)-adrenoreceptors promote Gs-protein-dependent activation of protein kinase A (PKA), followed by the recruitment of β-arrestins, which desensitize G-protein signalling and function as signal transducers in their own right. Here we elucidate a molecular mechanism by which β-adrenergic catecholamines, acting through both Gs-PKA and β-arrestin-mediated signalling pathways, trigger DNA damage and suppress p53 levels respectively, thus synergistically leading to the accumulation of DNA damage. In mice and in human cell lines, β-arrestin-1 (ARRB1), activated via β(2)-adrenoreceptors, facilitates AKT-mediated activation of MDM2 and also promotes MDM2 binding to, and degradation of, p53, by acting as a molecular scaffold. Catecholamine-induced DNA damage is abrogated in Arrb1-knockout (Arrb1(-/-)) mice, which show preserved p53 levels in both the thymus, an organ that responds prominently to acute or chronic stress, and in the testes, in which paternal stress may affect the offspring's genome. Our results highlight the emerging role of ARRB1 as an E3-ligase adaptor in the nucleus, and reveal how DNA damage may accumulate in response to chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto R Hara
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Langen K, Papanikolaou N, Balog J, Crilly R, Followill D, Goddu S, Grant W, Olivera G, Ramsey C, Shi C. WE-B-BRA-02: QA of Helical Tomotherapy TG-148. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3613301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Chen YT, Vojkovsky T, Fang X, Pocas JR, Grant W, Handy AMW, Schröter T, LoGrasso P, Bannister TD, Feng Y. Asymmetric synthesis of potent chroman-based Rho kinase (ROCK-II) inhibitors. Med Chem Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0md00194e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Moosajee M, Braithwaite T, Grant W, Ferguson V. Endoscopic transnasal retrieval of an airgun pellet lodged in the orbital apex. Case Reports 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr.07.2010.3159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Morley E, Crowell E, Farber-Heath R, Grant W, Lebowitz D, Rodriguez E, Wojcik S. 366: Bacterial Resistance Patterns In Patients With Ureteral Calculi and Urinary Tract Infections. Ann Emerg Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.06.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Fang X, Yin Y, Chen YT, Yao L, Wang B, Cameron MD, Lin L, Khan S, Ruiz C, Schröter T, Grant W, Weiser A, Pocas J, Pachori A, Schürer S, LoGrasso P, Feng Y. Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives As Highly Selective and Potent Rho Kinase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2010; 53:5727-37. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100579r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingang Fang
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Florida, 130 Scripps Way, 2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Yan Yin
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Florida, 130 Scripps Way, 2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Yen Ting Chen
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Florida, 130 Scripps Way, 2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Lei Yao
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Florida, 130 Scripps Way, 2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Bo Wang
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Florida, 130 Scripps Way, 2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Michael D. Cameron
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Florida, 130 Scripps Way, 2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Li Lin
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Florida, 130 Scripps Way, 2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Susan Khan
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Florida, 130 Scripps Way, 2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Claudia Ruiz
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Florida, 130 Scripps Way, 2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Thomas Schröter
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Florida, 130 Scripps Way, 2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Wayne Grant
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Florida, 130 Scripps Way, 2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | | | - Jennifer Pocas
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Florida, 130 Scripps Way, 2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Alok Pachori
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Florida, 130 Scripps Way, 2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Stephan Schürer
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Computational Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Philip LoGrasso
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Florida, 130 Scripps Way, 2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Yangbo Feng
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Florida, 130 Scripps Way, 2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
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Yin Y, Cameron MD, Lin L, Khan S, Schröter T, Grant W, Pocas J, Chen YT, Schürer S, Pachori A, LoGrasso P, Feng Y. Discovery of Potent and Selective Urea-Based ROCK Inhibitors and Their Effects on Intraocular Pressure in Rats. ACS Med Chem Lett 2010; 1:175-9. [PMID: 24900192 DOI: 10.1021/ml1000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of urea-based Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitors were designed and evaluated. The discovered compounds had excellent enzyme and cellular potency, high kinase selectivity, high aqueous solubility, good porcine corneal penetration, and appropriate DMPK profiles for topical applications as antiglaucoma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yin
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, 130 Scripps Way, #2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Michael D. Cameron
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, 130 Scripps Way, #2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Li Lin
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, 130 Scripps Way, #2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Susan Khan
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, 130 Scripps Way, #2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Thomas Schröter
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, 130 Scripps Way, #2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Wayne Grant
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, 130 Scripps Way, #2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Jennifer Pocas
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, 130 Scripps Way, #2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Yen Ting Chen
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, 130 Scripps Way, #2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Stephan Schürer
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Computational Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Alok Pachori
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, 130 Scripps Way, #2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Philip LoGrasso
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, 130 Scripps Way, #2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Yangbo Feng
- Translational Research Institute and Department of Molecular Therapeutics, 130 Scripps Way, #2A1, Jupiter, Florida 33458
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35
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Florescu D, Islam K, Grant W, Mercer D, Langnas A, Botha J, Nielsen B, Kalil A. Incidence and outcome of fungal infections in pediatric small bowel transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2010; 12:497-504. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2010.00542.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Langen K, Papanikolaou N, Balog J, Crilly R, Followill D, Goddu S, Grant W, Olivera G, Ramsey C, Shi C. TU-B-203-02: QA of Radiation Delivery Systems. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3469183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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37
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38
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Fairfax KC, Vermeire JJ, Harrison LM, Bungiro RD, Grant W, Husain SZ, Cappello M. Characterisation of a fatty acid and retinol binding protein orthologue from the hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum. Int J Parasitol 2009; 39:1561-71. [PMID: 19591834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hookworms, bloodfeeding intestinal nematodes, infect nearly one billion people in resource limited countries and are a leading cause of anaemia and malnutrition. Like other nematodes, hookworms lack the capacity to synthesise essential fatty acids de novo and therefore must acquire those from exogenous sources. The cDNA corresponding to a putative Ancylostoma ceylanicum fatty acid and retinol binding protein-1 (AceFAR-1) was amplified from adult hookworm mRNA. Studies using quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time PCR demonstrate that AceFAR-1 transcripts are most abundant in the earliest developmental stages of the parasite, and greater in females than males. Using in vitro assays, the recombinant AceFAR-1 (rAceFAR-1) was shown to bind individual fatty acids with equilibrium dissociation constants in the low micromolar range. The pattern of fatty acid uptake by live adult worms cultured ex vivo was similar to the in vitro binding profile of rAceFAR-1, raising the possibility that the native protein may be involved in acquisition of fatty acids by A. ceylanicum. Animals vaccinated orally with rAceFAR-1 and the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin exhibited a statistically significant (40-47%) reduction in intestinal worm burden compared with controls immunized with antigen or adjuvant alone. Together, these data suggest a potential role for AceFAR-1 in hookworm biology, making it a potentially valuable target for drug and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke C Fairfax
- Infectious Diseases Section and Program in International Child Health, Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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39
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Kulendra K, Butler C, Grant W, Sandison A, Cho G, Patel M. An Unusual Lesion of the Clivus. Skull Base 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2009-1222375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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Teh B, Mai W, McGary J, Smiedala M, Paulino A, Grant W, Butler E. Long-Term Outcome of a Moderate-Hypofractionated Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) (77GY at 2.2GY per Fraction) Approach Utilizing Immobilization Rectal Balloon for Localized Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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41
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Grant W, McGary J, Childress N, Cravens R, Krumbach T, Olivera G. TU-D-M100F-07: Simplified Clinical Quality Assurance for Helical Tomotherapy. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2761395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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42
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Rodrigues MA, Gomes DA, Leite MF, Grant W, Zhang L, Lam W, Cheng YC, Bennett AM, Nathanson MH. Nucleoplasmic calcium is required for cell proliferation. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:17061-8. [PMID: 17420246 PMCID: PMC2825877 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m700490200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+) signals regulate cell proliferation, but the spatial and temporal specificity of these signals is unknown. Here we use selective buffers of nucleoplasmic or cytoplasmic Ca(2+) to determine that cell proliferation depends upon Ca(2+) signals within the nucleus rather than in the cytoplasm. Nuclear Ca(2+) signals stimulate cell growth rather than inhibit apoptosis and specifically permit cells to advance through early prophase. Selective buffering of nuclear but not cytoplasmic Ca(2+) signals also impairs growth of tumors in vivo. These findings reveal a major physiological and potential pathophysiological role for nucleoplasmic Ca(2+) signals and suggest that this information can be used to design novel therapeutic strategies to regulate conditions of abnormal cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele A. Rodrigues
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8019
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil 31270-901
| | - Dawidson A. Gomes
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8019
| | - M. Fatima Leite
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil 31270-901
| | - Wayne Grant
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8019
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8019
| | - Wing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8019
| | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8019
| | - Anton M. Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8019
| | - Michael H. Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8019
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Digestive Diseases, Rm. TAC S241D, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8019. Tel.: 203-785-7312; Fax: 203-785-4306;
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Lobo F, Revicki D, Grant W, Turk F, Massanari M. Assessment of the Psychometric Properties of the Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) in Moderate to Severe Pediatric Asthma Patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sasak H, LePage D, Grant W, Elices M, Rinehart B, Caylor T, Cheney L, Halley K, Aviles P, Faircloth G. 514 POSTER Antitumor activity of aplidin® in human neuroblastoma tumors. EJC Suppl 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(06)70519-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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45
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Desai S, McGary J, Teh B, Smiedala M, Grant W, Paulino A, Butler E. 2303. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.07.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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Grant W, Garland C, Gorham E. Ultraviolet-B irradiance, vitamin D and human cancer: A vision for the future. EJC Suppl 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(06)80507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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47
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Choe CU, Harrison KD, Grant W, Ehrlich BE. Functional Coupling of Chromogranin with the Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor Shapes Calcium Signaling. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:35551-6. [PMID: 15194698 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m311261200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromogranins A and B are high capacity, low affinity calcium (Ca(2+)) storage proteins that bind to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated receptor (InsP(3) R). Although most commonly associated with secretory granules of neuroendocrine cells, chromogranins have also been found in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of many cell types. To investigate the functional consequences of the interaction between the InsP(3) R and the chromogranins, we disrupted the interaction between the two proteins by adding a chromogranin fragment, which competed with chromogranin for its binding site on the InsP(3)R. Responses were monitored at the single channel level and in intact cells. When using InsP(3) R type I incorporated into planar lipid bilayers and activated by cytoplasmic InsP(3) and luminal chromogranin, the addition of the fragment reversed the enhancing effect of chromogranin. Moreover, the expression of the fragment in the ER of neuronally differentiated PC12 cells attenuated agonist-induced intracellular Ca(2+) signaling. These results show that the InsP(3)R/chromogranin interaction amplifies Ca(2+) release from the ER and that chromogranin is an essential component of this intracellular channel complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Un Choe
- Department of Pharmacology and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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Sudan D, Grant W, Iyer K, Shaw B, Horslen S, Langnas A. Oral beclomethasone therapy for recurrent small bowel allograft rejection and intestinal graft-versus-host disease. Transplant Proc 2002; 34:938-9. [PMID: 12034249 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)02680-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Sudan
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Abstract
One of the earliest events in the process of cell motility is the massive generation of free actin barbed ends, which elongate to form filaments adjacent to the plasma membrane at the tip of the leading edge. Both cofilin and Arp2/3 complex have been proposed to contribute to barbed end formation during cell motility. Attempts to assess the functions of cofilin and Arp 2/3 complex in vivo indicate that both cofilin and Arp2/3 complex contribute to actin polymerization: cofilin by severing and Arp2/3 by nucleating and branching. In order to determine if the activities of cofilin and Arp2/3 complex interact, we employed a light microscope-based assay to visualize actin polymerization directly in the presence of both proteins. The results indicate that cofilin generates barbed ends to increase the mass of freshly polymerized F-actin but does not directly affect the activity of Arp2/3 complex. However, while ADP, ADP-Pi, and newly polymerized ATP-filaments are all capable of supporting Arp2/3-mediated branching, newly polymerized F-actin supports most of the Arp2/3-induced branch formation. The results suggest that, in vivo, cofilin contributes to barbed end formation by inducing the initial increase in the number of barbed ends leading to increased ATP-F-actin, which in turn supports higher levels of dendritic nucleation by active Arp2/3 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Ichetovkin
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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50
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Caputo RP, Simons A, Giambartolomei A, Grant W, Fedele K, Abraham S, Felice P, Reger MJ, Walford GD, Esente P. Safety and efficacy of repeat transradial access for cardiac catheterization procedures. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2001; 54:188-90. [PMID: 11590681 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.1264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To determine the safety and efficacy of repeat transradial cardiac catheterization, 1,362 consecutive transradial procedures were examined. Repeat transradial procedures were identified (group I, n = 73) and compared with index procedures (group II, n = 1,289). Baseline patient characteristics, procedure success rates (100% vs. 97.9%; P = NS), complication rates (0% vs. 0.08%; P = NS), and procedure times (23.9 +/- 27.3 min vs. 18.2 +/- 14.7 min; P = NS) were similar between groups. This study suggests that repeat transradial catheterization procedures can be performed safely and successfully in appropriately selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Caputo
- Cardio Laboratory, St. Joseph's Hospital, Syracuse, New York 13203, USA
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