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Yong CW, Ng WH, Quah B, Sng TJH, Loy RCH, Wong RCW. Modified maxillomandibular advancement surgery for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea: a scoping review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 53:36-44. [PMID: 37798199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Modified maxillomandibular advancement (MMMA) has been proposed as an alternative to the classic maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) in East and Southeast Asian populations in which bimaxillary protrusion is a prevalent trait. The key difference between MMMA and MMA is the inclusion of anterior segmental osteotomies to reduce the protrusion of the perioral region. The aim of this scoping review was to identify the variations in MMMA and treatment outcomes. A search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane electronic databases for articles published up to January 2023. Ten articles were included in this review. Three variations of MMMA have been reported in the literature. Treatment outcomes have mostly been favourable for all of these variations. Mandibular advancement of >10 mm and a greater than 50% reduction in the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) have been well reported. Improvements in other outcome measures, such as enlargement of the airway dimension on computed tomography and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score, have also been shown. Despite additional surgical procedures, complications have been uncommon and mostly minor in nature. It is necessary to be cognizant of MMMA and its variations when providing sleep surgery for East and Southeast Asian patients, tailoring this to the patient's profile and needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Yong
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - W H Ng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - B Quah
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - T J H Sng
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - R C H Loy
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - R C W Wong
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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2
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Pinilla-Gallego MS, Ng WH, Amaral VE, Irwin RE. Floral shape predicts bee-parasite transmission potential. Ecology 2022; 103:e3730. [PMID: 35416294 PMCID: PMC9255851 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The spread of parasites is one of the primary drivers of population decline of both managed and wild bees. Several bee parasites are transmitted by the shared use of flowers, turning floral resources into potential disease hotspots. However, we know little about how floral morphology and floral species identity affect different steps of the transmission process. Here, we used the gut parasite Crithidia bombi and its primary host, bumble bees (Bombus spp.), to examine whether floral traits or species identity better predict three basic steps of parasite transmission on flowers: feces deposition on flowers, survival of the parasite on flowers, and acquisition by a new host. We also identified which traits and/or species were most strongly associated with each step in the transmission process. We found that both trait‐ and species‐based models fit the data on deposition of feces and survival of C. bombi on flowers, but that species‐based models provided a better fit compared with trait‐based ones. However, trait‐based models were better at predicting the acquisition of C. bombi on flowers. Although different species tended to support higher fecal deposition or parasite survival, we found that floral shape provided explanatory power for each of the transmission steps. When we assessed overall transmission potential, floral shape had the largest explanatory effect, with wider, shorter flowers promoting higher transmission. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of flower species identity and floral traits in disease transmission dynamics of bee parasites, and floral shape as an important predictor of overall transmission potential. Identifying traits associated with transmission potential may help us create seed mix that presents lower parasite transmission risk for bees for use in pollinator habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wee-Hao Ng
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Victoria E Amaral
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca E Irwin
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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3
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Zhao Y, Lam DH, Yang J, Lin J, Tham CK, Ng WH, Wang S. Retraction Note: Targeted suicide gene therapy for glioma using human embryonic stem cell-derived neural stem cells genetically modified by baculoviral vectors. Gene Ther 2020; 27:182. [PMID: 32111977 PMCID: PMC8076021 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-020-0135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhao
- Drug and Gene Delivery, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - D H Lam
- Drug and Gene Delivery, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Lin
- Drug and Gene Delivery, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - C K Tham
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - W H Ng
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Wang
- Drug and Gene Delivery, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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4
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Yong CW, Ng WH, Yap SH, D'Souza J, Ow ATC. Psychogenic coma after dental surgery under general anaesthesia. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 47:1613-1615. [PMID: 30017570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Delayed awakening after general anaesthesia due to psychogenic coma is a phenomenon that rarely presents to the oral and maxillofacial surgeon. A case of psychogenic coma following general anaesthesia for dental extractions is presented here. It is recommended that patients at risk of conversion disorder should be counselled about the risks of psychogenic coma. Early diagnosis of this condition could lead to better patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Yong
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital (National University Health System), Singapore
| | - W H Ng
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital (National University Health System), Singapore
| | - S H Yap
- Department of Anaesthesia, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital (National University Health System), Singapore
| | - J D'Souza
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital (National University Health System), Singapore
| | - A T-C Ow
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital (National University Health System), Singapore.
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5
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Miao L, Fraefel C, Sia KC, Newman JP, Mohamed-Bashir SA, Ng WH, Lam PYP. The potential application of a transcriptionally regulated oncolytic herpes simplex virus for human cancer therapy. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:94-106. [PMID: 24196790 PMCID: PMC3887293 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging studies have shown the potential benefit of arming oncolytic viruses with therapeutic genes. However, most of these therapeutic genes are placed under the regulation of ubiquitous viral promoters. Our goal is to generate a safer yet potent oncolytic herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) for cancer therapy. METHODS Using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) recombineering, a cell cycle-regulatable luciferase transgene cassette was replaced with the infected cell protein 6 (ICP6) coding region (encoded for UL39 or large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase) of the HSV-1 genome. These recombinant viruses, YE-PC8, were further tested for its proliferation-dependent luciferase gene expression. RESULTS The ability of YE-PC8 to confer proliferation-dependent transgene expression was demonstrated by injecting similar amount of viruses into the tumour-bearing region of the brain and the contralateral normal brain parenchyma of the same mouse. The results showed enhanced levels of luciferase activities in the tumour region but not in the normal brain parenchyma. Similar findings were observed in YE-PC8-infected short-term human brain patient-derived glioma cells compared with normal human astrocytes. intratumoural injection of YE-PC8 viruses resulted in 77% and 80% of tumour regression in human glioma and human hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts, respectively. CONCLUSION YE-PC8 viruses confer tumour selectivity in proliferating cells and may be developed further as a feasible approach to treat human cancers.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brain Neoplasms/genetics
- Brain Neoplasms/therapy
- Brain Neoplasms/virology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Female
- Glioma/genetics
- Glioma/therapy
- Glioma/virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/physiology
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/virology
- Luciferases/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- Oncolytic Virotherapy/methods
- Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transgenes
- Vero Cells
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- L Miao
- Laboratory of Cancer Gene Therapy, Cellular and Molecular Research Division, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - C Fraefel
- Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K C Sia
- Laboratory of Cancer Gene Therapy, Cellular and Molecular Research Division, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - J P Newman
- Laboratory of Cancer Gene Therapy, Cellular and Molecular Research Division, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - S A Mohamed-Bashir
- Laboratory of Cancer Gene Therapy, Cellular and Molecular Research Division, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - W H Ng
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - P Y P Lam
- Laboratory of Cancer Gene Therapy, Cellular and Molecular Research Division, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Zhao Y, Lam DH, Yang J, Lin J, Tham CK, Ng WH, Wang S. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Targeted suicide gene therapy for glioma using human embryonic stem cell-derived neural stem cells genetically modified by baculoviral vectors. Gene Ther 2011; 19:189-200. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Nagar VA, Ye JR, Ng WH, Chan YH, Hui F, Lee CK, Lim CCT. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging: diagnosing atypical or malignant meningiomas and detecting tumor dedifferentiation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 29:1147-52. [PMID: 18356472 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a0996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Atypical and malignant meningiomas are uncommon tumors with aggressive behavior and higher mortality, morbidity, and recurrence compared with benign tumors. We investigated the utility of diffusion-weighted (DW) MR imaging to differentiate atypical/malignant from benign meningiomas and to detect histologic dedifferentiation to higher tumor grade. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively compared conventional and DW MR images (b-value 1000 s/mm(2)) acquired on a 1.5T clinical scanner between 25 atypical/malignant and 23 benign meningiomas. The optimal cutoff for the absolute apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and normalized ADC (NADC) ratio to differentiate between the groups was determined by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS Irregular tumor margins, peritumoral edema, and adjacent bone destruction occurred significantly more often in atypical/malignant than in benign meningiomas. The mean ADC of atypical/malignant meningiomas (0.66 +/- 0.13 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s) was significantly lower compared with benign meningiomas (0.88 +/- 0.08 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s; P < .0001). Mean NADC ratio in the atypical/malignant group (0.91 +/- 0.18) was also significantly lower than the benign group (1.28 +/- 0.11; P < .0001), without overlap between groups. ROC analysis showed that ADC and NADC thresholds of 0.80 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s and 0.99, respectively, had the best accuracy: at the NADC threshold of 0.99, the sensitivity and specificity were 96% and 100%, respectively. Two patients had isointense benign tumors on initial DW MR imaging, and these became hyperintense with the decrease in ADC and NADC below these thresholds when they progressed to atypical and malignant meningiomas on recurrence. CONCLUSIONS ADC and NADC ratios in atypical/malignant meningiomas are significantly lower than in benign tumors. Decrease in ADC and NADC on follow-up imaging may suggest dedifferentiation to higher tumor grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Nagar
- Department of Neuroradiology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
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8
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Ng WH, Thomas J. A simple and cost-effective method of fixation of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2008; 150:387-9. [PMID: 18301859 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-008-1559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Unplanned migration of a deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode after accurate placement at the intended target can result in a poor surgical outcome and added cost to the procedure. There are various fixation methods described in the literature. The authors describe the use of a modified burr-hole cover which serves as a simple and cost-effective method of fixation of the DBS lead with excellent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Ng
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore.
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9
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Ng WH, Yeo TT, Seow WT. Non-traumatic spontaneous acute epidural haematoma -- report of two cases and review of the literature. J Clin Neurosci 2008; 11:791-3. [PMID: 15337154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2003.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2003] [Accepted: 12/02/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidural haematomas are usually associated with preceding head trauma. The entity of non-traumatic spontaneous acute epidural haematoma is rare and most commonly occurs in the presence of infectious disease. It can also occur in the presence of coagulopathy, vascular malformations of the dura mater and haemorrhagic tumours. Sickle cell disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, open heart surgery and haemodialysis have also been implicated as causative factors. The authors report two cases of spontaneous epidural haematomas (one of unknown aetiology and one from a coagulation disorder) and discuss the aetiological agents involved in this rarely described condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Ng
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore.
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10
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Chuang VWM, Tsang DNC, Lam JKS, Lam RKW, Ng WH. An active surveillance study of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 2005; 11:463-71. [PMID: 16340023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the rate of faecal vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus colonisation in high-risk patients in a regional hospital. DESIGN Prospective observational surveillance study. SETTING Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS From September 2001 to December 2002, stool samples from patients in the intensive care unit and patients in whom Clostridium difficile testing was requested were used for study using a broth enrichment method. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Number of faecal vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus colonisation. RESULTS A total of 2414 cultures from 1792 patients were tested for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus using a broth enrichment method. Only one (0.06%) patient was found to harbour a vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis in the gastro-intestinal tract. Surveillance cultures from contacts of the case revealed another six with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis was also later reported from a clinical specimen (catheterized urine) of another patient. They were all epidemiologically linked to the index case. Mean inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin and teicoplanin were determined to be higher than 256 and 0.5 microgram/mL, respectively by E-test for all the vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolates. Polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed the presence of vanB genes and the result was in line with the phenotype. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis confirmed a monoclonal vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus outbreak. Strict infection control measures recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were followed and the outbreak was successfully controlled. CONCLUSION Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus colonisation is rare, but present among high-risk patients in our hospital. A routine surveillance programme should be implemented that will enable early case detection and prompt initiation of infection control measures to prevent the emergence of an endemic situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V W M Chuang
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Hong Kong.
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11
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Cheng FWT, Ng PC, Chiu WK, Chu WCW, Li AM, Lo KL, Hon EKL, Nelson EAS, Leung TF, Ng WH, Wong E, Ip P, Fok TF. A case-control study of SARS versus community acquired pneumonia. Arch Dis Child 2005; 90:747-9. [PMID: 15970619 PMCID: PMC1720467 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2004.063446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The clinical, laboratory, and radiological features at presentation of 16 children (<12 years) with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and pneumonia were compared with 32 age matched patients with community acquired pneumonia for determination of predictive factors that could allow early differentiation of the two conditions. A definitive contact history was the most important predictor for SARS. Raised serum lactate dehydrogenase concentration in the presence of low neutrophil count and serum creatine phosphokinase level at presentation also indicated an increased likelihood of SARS-coronavirus infection in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- F W T Cheng
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of symptomatology and conventional radiographic scoring in predicting synovial hypertrophy, which could affect the clinical management of hemophilic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty males (mean age, 14.3 years old) with hemophilic arthropathy, including 34 symptomatic joints and 26 asymptomatic joints (16 knees, 20 ankles, and 24 elbows) had conventional radiographs of individual joints obtained that were rated according to the Arnold-Hilgartner stage and the Pettersson score. The patients also underwent MRI for the detection of synovial hypertrophy. The association of synovial hypertrophy and symptomatology was evaluated using the chi-square or Fisher's exact test. The best sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values in detection of synovial hypertrophy using symptomatology and radiographic scoring were calculated. RESULTS A significant association was seen between symptomatology and synovial hypertrophy of the knee and ankle joints (p < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of symptomatology in detection of synovial hypertrophy of the knee were 100%, 78%, 78%, and 100%, respectively, and for the ankle were 83%, 75%, 83%, and 75%, respectively. The Arnold-Hilgartner stage and Pettersson score of the radiograph had a significant association with synovial hypertrophy of the knee and ankle joints (p < 0.05). Arnold-Hilgartner staging provided a better prediction of synovial hypertrophy, with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100% for knees and 82%, 100%, 100%, and 82% for ankles. CONCLUSION In hemophilic patients, the presence of symptomatology in the knee and ankle joints is associated with synovial hypertrophy, and scoring of the conventional radiographs using Arnold-Hilgartner staging is useful for the prediction of synovial hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Ng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Organ Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Ngan Shing St., Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
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13
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Ng WH, Chan YL, Sung JY, Lee YT, Lee SF, Chung SSC. Comparison of breath-hold 2D phase-contrast with non breath-hold cine phase-contrast MRA in the assessment of azygos venous blood flow in portal hypertension. Magn Reson Mater Phy 2004; 16:211-7. [PMID: 15022053 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-003-0026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2003] [Accepted: 10/23/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Azygos venous blood flow as an index of blood flow through the gastroesophageal collaterals and varices is of value in the prediction of gastrointestinal bleeding. Measurement of azygos venous blood flow has been achieved by non breath-hold (NBH) cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. The objective of this study was to compare the faster breath-hold (BH) phase-contrast technique with the standard (NBH) cine phase-contrast technique in the measurement of azygos blood flow. Thirty-two cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices were examined by magnetic resonance imaging using a BH technique and a NBH cine phase-contrast technique to measure the flow velocity, flow volume and calibre of the azygos vein at the mid-right atrial level. The flow values were obtained on the velocity image of the phase-contrast study. Values obtained from the two methods were evaluated statistically for the strength and significance of correlation by the Pearson test. Measurement by the BH method performed at full-inspiration as well as end-expiration was also obtained in 15 healthy volunteers. The breath-hold phase-contrast method has significant but weak correlation with non BH cine phase-contrast method in the measurement of azygos venous blood flow volume (r = 0.55, p < 0.01) and flow velocity (r = 0.43, p = 0.01). However, the calibre of the azygos vein gave a strong correlation in these two methods (0.82). In the subgroup of patients whose azygos blood flow velocity was greater than 7.4 cm/s, the correlation of azygos blood flow volume is strong (r = 0.80, p < 0.01). The azygos vein calibre remains highly correlated between the BH and NBH method, in both high flow velocity (r = 0.73) and low flow velocity (r = 0.83) groups. Breath-hold sequence leads to higher values for flow velocity and flow volume in the cirrhotic patients and also the control group. In patients with portal hypertension, BH 2D phase-contrast (PC) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) could give a comparable estimation of the calibre of the azygos vein as the NBH 2D cine PC MRA but not for azygos flow volume. In patients with high azygos flow velocity, the strong correlation in flow volume between the BH and NBH method suggests that the BH method may be a time-saving alternative to the NBH method.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Ng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Organ Imaging, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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14
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Stolk J, Ng WH, Bakker ME, Reiber JHC, Rabe KF, Putter H, Stoel BC. Correlation between annual change in health status and computer tomography derived lung density in subjects with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. Thorax 2004; 58:1027-30. [PMID: 14645966 PMCID: PMC1746549 DOI: 10.1136/thorax.58.12.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing recognition that questionnaires of health status and lung density measurements are more sensitive tools for assessing progression of emphysema than forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) and transfer coefficient (KCO). A study was undertaken to investigate prospectively the correlation between annual change in health status and computer tomography (CT) derived lung density in subjects with alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency. METHODS Twenty two patients of mean (SD) age 40.7 (9.2) years with ZZ type alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency were investigated at baseline and 30 months later by FEV(1) and KCO, St George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and by a spiral CT scan of the chest. CT data of chest images were analysed using software designed for automated lung contour detection and lung density measurements. The density data were corrected for changes in inspiration levels. RESULTS Changes in lung density, expressed as 15th percentile point or relative area below -950 HU, correlated well with changes in health status (SGRQ total score): R = -0.56, p = 0.007 or R = 0.6, p = 0.003. Neither changes in health status nor changes in lung density correlated significantly with changes in FEV(1) or changes in KCO. CONCLUSIONS The SGRQ total score (which is a global measure in COPD) and lung density (a specific measure of emphysema) are sensitive to deterioration in patients with alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency. This finding may facilitate future studies with new drugs specific for emphysema, a frequently occurring component of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stolk
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands [corrected].
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Ng WH, Ching ASC, Chan KF, Fung WT. Clinics in diagnostic imaging (89). Infantile hepatosplenic haemangioendotheliomas. Singapore Med J 2003; 44:491-5. [PMID: 14740781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The ultrasonographical and computed tomography findings of a six-month-old female infant with haemangioendotheliomas of the liver and spleen are described. The splenic lesion had an unusual ultrasonographical appearance of a well-defined isoechoic mass with a hypoechoic rim. Diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination of the hepatic biopsy specimen. Hepatosplenic lesions in the first year of life may be due to a variety of pathological processes. It is important to include haemangioendotheliomas in the differential diagnosis of hepatosplenic masses in an infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Ng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Organ Imaging, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Ng WH, Chou N, Lee T. Giant aneurysm treated by bilateral cervical carotid artery to proximal middle cerebral artery bypass and balloon embolisation: a case report. J Clin Neurosci 2001; 8:580-3. [PMID: 11683614 DOI: 10.1054/jocn.2000.0812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe a case of a 59 year-old Chinese lady with a history of spontaneous left caroticocavernous fistula in 1988 treated by left internal carotid artery clipping and muscle embolisation. She subsequently presented with a subarachnoid haemorrhage in November 1997 secondary to rupture of an unclippable giant right internal carotid artery aneurysm. This was treated satisfactorily with bilateral cervical carotid artery to proximal middle cerebral artery bypass followed by balloon occlusion. Postoperatively, the patient has no neurological deficit and CT angiogram shows good patency of both grafts 6 months after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Ng
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
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17
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Ng WH, Moochhala S, Yeo TT, Ong PL, Ng PY. Nitric oxide and subarachnoid hemorrhage: elevated level in cerebrospinal fluid and their implications. Neurosurgery 2001; 49:622-6; discussion 626-7. [PMID: 11523672 DOI: 10.1097/00006123-200109000-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neuronal injury after brain ischemia, and decreased levels of NO have been implicated in the pathogenesis of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In this study, we measured the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NO levels in patients with SAH and correlated the levels with clinical grade and middle cerebral artery velocities measured with transcranial Doppler ultrasound. METHODS All patients with spontaneous SAH documented on computed tomography and with an external ventricular drain inserted within 24 hours of hemorrhage were included in the study. A total of 16 patients were studied between August 1999 and August 2000. CSF was collected serially at the time of surgery and subsequently at daily intervals. It was collected during the time that the external ventricular drain remained patent and in situ. NO levels were measured by photometric analysis by using a nitrite/nitrate assay kit (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI). RESULTS The peak NO level in patients with SAH ranged from 9.96 to 168.16 micromol, with a median of 36.93 micromol. The levels were significantly elevated as compared with the control group (5.16 micromol, P < 0.05). The median NO level in patients with poor-grade SAH was 67.14 micromol as compared with 27.42 micromol in patients with good-grade hemorrhage (P < 0.05). No correlation was seen between CSF NO levels and middle cerebral artery velocities. The median NO level was 33.2 micromol in patients with a poor outcome as compared with 30.25 micromol in patients with a good outcome (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION This study showed that NO levels are elevated after spontaneous SAH, and the degree of elevation is higher in patients with poor-grade SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Ng
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
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18
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Abstract
The authors report a case of tethered cord syndrome preceding the development of a syrinx, which subsequently resolved with detethering. This was shown conclusively with serial radiological imaging, although the patient did not improve clinically. The lack of clinical improvement is likely to be due to the delay in surgery caused by infections in this patient, and early detethering should therefore be the aim in patients with tethered cord syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Ng
- Neurosurgical Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.
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19
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Kenyon AS, Shi X, Wang Y, Ng WH, Prestridge R, Sharp K. Simple, at-site detection of diethylene glycol/ethylene glycol contamination of glycerin and glycerin-based raw materials by thin-layer chromatography. J AOAC Int 1998; 81:44-50. [PMID: 9477561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a rapid, inexpensive thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) method that separates diethylene glycol (DEG) from glycerin and other glycols. Studies with collaborating laboratories of the World Health Organization have shown that about 6% DEG in glycerin and about 2% DEG in acetaminophen (paracetamol) elixirs may be detected by direct visual inspection of the developed TLC sheets. Staining the sheet permits detection of DEG at less than 0.1%. The method costs less than $1.00 per test and takes 20 min by visual inspection, longer when staining is required. The visual method can be performed without laboratory facilities by personnel having little previous training. Samples testing positive by the visual method can be submitted to a laboratory for confirmation and quantitation of DEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Kenyon
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Testing and Applied Analytical Development, St. Louis, MO 63101, USA
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20
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Abstract
Desmoid tumor of the breast is a clinician's dilemma as it is difficult to differentiate it from carcinoma clinically, mammographically, and cytologically. Histologically, it must be distinguished from fibrosarcoma. Current management favors wide excision with clear margins. Recurrence is relatively common and usually occurs within 3 years of excision. Adjuvant hormonal therapy does not reduce local recurrence rates; evidence indicates that postoperative radiotherapy can improve the 10-year recurrence-free survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Ng
- Department of General Surgery, Singapore General Hospital
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21
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Polosa R, Ng WH, Crimi N, Vancheri C, Holgate ST, Church MK, Mistretta A. Release of mast-cell-derived mediators after endobronchial adenosine challenge in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995. [DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.151.3.7881647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Polosa R, Ng WH, Crimi N, Vancheri C, Holgate ST, Church MK, Mistretta A. Release of mast-cell-derived mediators after endobronchial adenosine challenge in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151:624-9. [PMID: 7881647 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm/151.3_pt_1.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Preformed and newly generated mediators released from airway mast cells may play a role in adenosine-induced bronchoconstriction. To investigate the possible role of mast-cell-derived mediator release in mediating bronchoconstriction induced by adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), we have examined the fluid obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage for inflammatory mediators and markers of airway permeability immediately after instillation of AMP directly into an airway segment of 10 asthmatic subjects. Eight subjects completed the protocol. When compared with the saline-challenged segment, the response to endobronchial stimulation with AMP was characterized by a prompt reduction in airway caliber paralleled by a significant rise in PGD2, histamine, and tryptase levels in the lavage fluid. After AMP challenge, the median (range) concentration for PGD2 increased from 36 to 205 pg/ml (p = 0.006), for histamine from 184 to 433 pg/ml (p = 0.018), and for tryptase from 0.30 to 0.54 ng/ml (p = 0.013). In addition, a small but significant rise in albumin levels (from 27.8 to 36.1 micrograms/ml; p = 0.031) was detected after endobronchial challenge with AMP. These findings indicate that adenosine-induced responses may be initiated by the acute release of mast-cell-derived mediators, including PGD2, histamine, and tryptase.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Polosa
- Istituto Malattie Apparato Respiratorio, Università di Catania, Italy
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23
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Abstract
1. Inhaled adenosine and its parent nucleotide, adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) provoke bronchoconstriction in atopic and asthmatic individuals but not in normal subjects. 2. In clinical studies, histamine H1-receptor antagonists, cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors and the mast cell 'stabilising' drugs, sodium cromoglycate and nedocromil, protect against the effects of adenosine bronchoprovocation suggesting the involvement of secondary mast cell mediator release. 3. Adenosine and its analogues potentiate histamine and leukotriene release from mast cells activated by other stimuli in vitro, and may also increase net mediator release from mast cells by counteracting the inhibitory effect of circulating adrenaline. 4. Although adenosine fulfils many of the criteria required for a mediator in asthma, its importance is not fully understood, and the mechanisms by which it provokes bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects is far from concluded. 5. Two possibilities are that either adenosine acts directly on luminal mast cells to upregulate histamine secretion, or it acts to initiate neuronal reflexes which stimulate histamine release indirectly and possibly activate peptidergic and/or cholinergic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Ng
- Immunopharmacology Group, Southampton General Hospital
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24
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Phillips GD, Ng WH, Church MK, Holgate ST. The response of plasma histamine to bronchoprovocation with methacholine, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, and allergen in atopic nonasthmatic subjects. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 141:9-13. [PMID: 2404443 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm/141.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the possible role of mast cell histamine release in mediating adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-induced bronchoconstriction, we have measured the histamine concentration in peripheral venous plasma following inhalation of methacholine, AMP, and allergen in concentrations sufficient to provoke mean maximum decreases in FEV1 of 42.8 +/- 2.2%, 46.5 +/- 3.9%, and 40.9 +/- 4.6%, respectively, in 10 atopic, nonasthmatic subjects. Mean baseline plasma concentrations of histamine were 0.25 +/- 0.02, 0.22 +/- 0.03, and 0.29 +/- 0.03 ng/ml on the methacholine, AMP, and allergen study days, respectively. Plasma histamine did not change following methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction, but increased in 9 out of 10 subjects to a mean maximum value of 0.78 +/- 0.15 ng/ml following inhalation of allergen (p less than 0.005). Following bronchial challenge with AMP, there was a significant elevation in plasma histamine in 9 out of 10 subjects to a mean maximum value of 0.39 +/- 0.03 ng/ml (p less than 0.005). We conclude that AMP-induced bronchoconstriction is associated with the enhanced release of histamine in the airways, probably from airway mast cells. However, the rise in plasma histamine, in being smaller than that occurring with a dose of allergen that provoked a similar degree of bronchoconstriction, suggests that additional mechanisms are operative in mediating the airways response to this nucleotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Phillips
- Immunopharmacology Group, Southampton General Hospital, England
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25
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Rafferty P, Ng WH, Phillips G, Clough J, Church MK, Aurich R, Ollier S, Holgate ST. The inhibitory actions of azelastine hydrochloride on the early and late bronchoconstrictor responses to inhaled allergen in atopic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989; 84:649-57. [PMID: 2572616 DOI: 10.1016/0091-6749(89)90292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the effect of azelastine hydrochloride, 8.8 mg, on the early and late responses to inhaled allergen in a group of 12 atopic subjects with asthma. On two separate days, 3 weeks apart, patients were administered either oral azelastine, 8.8 mg, or matched placebo. Four hours later they inhaled via nebulizer, a dose of allergen (grass pollen or Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) that had previously been demonstrated to produce a 25% fall in FEV1. Plasma-histamine concentrations and FEV1 levels were measured at intervals during the subsequent 8 hours. After placebo, allergen inhalation produced rapid bronchoconstriction in all subjects with a maximum mean fall in FEV1 at 30 minutes of 22.8 +/- 3.4% from the postsaline baseline value. Five subjects also developed a late bronchoconstriction response with a fall in FEV1 of greater than 15% from postsaline baseline value between 2 and 8 hours after challenge. Azelastine reduced the bronchoconstrictor response during the first 10 minutes and produced a maximum mean fall at 30 minutes of 21.2 +/- 4.4% from the postsaline baseline value. Azelastine had a marked inhibitory effect, reducing the maximum mean fall from 23.9 +/- 6.3% to 9.6 +/- 3.9% from the postsaline baseline value. Analysis of the area under the FEV1 response time-course curves revealed that azelastine reduced the early response (first 2 hours) by 32.5% (p less than 0.05) (all subjects) and reduced the late response (2 to 8 hours) by 70.2% (p less than 0.05) (n = 5). Azelastine had no significant inhibitory effect on the early increase in plasma histamine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rafferty
- Immunopharmacology Group, Medicine I and Clinical Pharmacology, Southampton General Hospital, England
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26
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Ng WH. Acute myocardial infarction and the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Singapore Med J 1982; 23:236-9. [PMID: 7178909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Ng WH. Mortality in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction: a 3 year experience in the coronary care unit. Med J Malaysia 1982; 37:66-9. [PMID: 7121350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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28
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Bakar R, Ng WH, Kew ST, Mohan A. A profile of acute myocardial infarction in urban Malays. Med J Malaysia 1982; 37:62-5. [PMID: 7121349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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29
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Ng WH. Infective endocarditis of the aorta valve--demonstration of valvular vegetations by M-Mode and Cross-Sectional echocardiography. Med J Malaysia 1981; 36:205-8. [PMID: 7334953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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30
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Ng WH. Myocardial infarction with angiographically normal coronary arteries. Ann Acad Med Singap 1980; 9:474-7. [PMID: 7247334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction without obstruction of the coronary arteries is uncommon. The clinical course of a 32 year old patient with documented acute inferior and anterior wall infarctions is described. Selective coronary arteriography performed 23 months later revealed no obstruction of the coronary arteries angiographically. Probable pathologic mechanism are discussed.
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Ng WH, Kew ST. Cardiac arrhythmias and echocardiographic features in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Med J Malaysia 1980; 35:41-5. [PMID: 7253998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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32
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Ng WH, Goh TH, Ishak E, Ahmad Z. Cardiac arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction. Med J Malaysia 1979; 34:131-5. [PMID: 548713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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33
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Ong S, Ng WH. Marfan's syndrome. Med J Malaysia 1979; 34:86-8. [PMID: 542159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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34
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Zulkifli A, Ng WH, Chelvam P, Pillay RP. Diseases associated with extreme elevation of ESR. Med J Malaysia 1979; 34:55-6. [PMID: 317347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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35
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Ng WH, Ahmad Z, Ong S. Temporary cardiac pacing in the coronary care unit. Med J Malaysia 1979; 33:259-63. [PMID: 522731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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36
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Ng WH, Ahmad Z. Normal electrocardiogram after myocardial infarction. Med J Malaysia 1978; 33:128-32. [PMID: 755162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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37
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Ng WH, Reid JM. Post-partum cardiomyopathy. Scott Med J 1978; 23:32-3. [PMID: 635537 DOI: 10.1177/003693307802300109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A report is presented of a patient who developed signs of cardiac failure 6 weeks after the birth of her fourth child. Detailed cardiac investigation indicated the diagnosis to be post-partum cardiomyopathy, a condition more commonly encountered in Negro women and comparatively rare in this country. The aetiology and mode of presentation are discussed.
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