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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Li G, Zhao X, Wang K, Jia C, Yang Y, Huang L, Tan J, Chen X, Leng W, Xie Z, Zhang W, Zong J, Chen K, Li Q, Jia X, Zhao D, An Y, Zhang Y. A randomized, blind, parallel controlled phase I clinical trial to evaluate the safety and preliminary immunogenicity of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in healthy people aged 2 years and older. Vaccine 2024; 42:2858-2866. [PMID: 38519344 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite some progress in pneumococcal immunization, the global burden of pneumococcal infection remains high, and pneumococcal disease remains a public health concern. Studies in China and abroad have found that 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) vaccination can effectively prevent invasive pneumococcal disease. This phase Ⅰ clinical study assessed the safety and immunogenicity of a PPV23 vaccine candidate. METHODS All subjects were randomly assigned to receive one dose intramuscular injection of experimental vaccine or control vaccine at a ratio of 1:1. The incidence of any adverse events was observed within 30 min, 0-7 days and 8-28 days post vaccination and the incidence of abnormal blood biochemical and blood routine indicators were tested on the 4th day post vaccination, the incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) at 6 months post vaccination was recorded. Blood samples were collected prior to vaccination and on the 28th day post vaccination, and serum antibodies were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The most common adverse reaction was pain at the injection site, followed by erythema. There was no significant difference of the incidence of systemic adverse reactions between the two vaccine groups. The adverse reactions observed in the trial were all common vaccination-related reactions, and no serious adverse reactions were observed. Compared to pre-vaccination, the (geometric mean concentrations) GMCs of IgG (immunoglobulin G) specific antibody against each serotype were all increased in the experimental group and the control group, there were statistical differences in seroconversion rates of serotypes 4 and 20 between the two vaccine groups. CONCLUSION This clinical study showed good safety of the PPV23 vaccine candidate produced by Ab&b Biotechnology Co., Ltd.JS had good safety after vaccination in people aged 2 years and older. At the same time, good immunogenicity was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Henan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangfu Li
- Ab&b Bio-tech Co., Ltd.JS, Taizhou, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Ab&b Bio-tech Co., Ltd.JS, Taizhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Ab&b Bio-tech Co., Ltd.JS, Taizhou, China
| | - Chunyu Jia
- Ab&b Bio-tech Co., Ltd.JS, Taizhou, China
| | - Yongli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Henan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiebing Tan
- Henan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Wenna Leng
- Ab&b Bio-tech Co., Ltd.JS, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xie
- Henan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Henan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juan Zong
- Ab&b Bio-tech Co., Ltd.JS, Taizhou, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Ab&b Bio-tech Co., Ltd.JS, Taizhou, China
| | - Qin Li
- Ab&b Bio-tech Co., Ltd.JS, Taizhou, China
| | - Xiaocan Jia
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongyang Zhao
- Henan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Youcai An
- Ab&b Bio-tech Co., Ltd.JS, Taizhou, China.
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Bruce N, Wei IA, Leng W, Oh Y, Chiu YC, Roper MG, Bertram R. Coordination of pancreatic islet rhythmic activity by delayed negative feedback. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E492-E502. [PMID: 36223522 PMCID: PMC9722252 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00123.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Secretion of insulin from the pancreas is pulsatile, driven by intrinsic oscillations within individual islets of Langerhans. The secretions are coordinated among the many islets distributed throughout the pancreas producing a synchronized rhythm in vivo that is essential for maintaining normal glucose levels. One hypothesized mechanism for the coordination of islet activity is negative feedback, whereby sequestration of glucose in response to elevated insulin leads to a reduction in the blood glucose level that is sensed by the islet population. This global signal of glucose then coordinates the individual islets. In this study, we tested how this coordination mechanism is affected by time delays in the negative feedback, using a microfluidic system to monitor Ca2+ levels in a small population of islets and implementing glucose control through a negative feedback system. We found that islet synchronization occurs even with time delays in the feedback of up to 7 min. We also found that a second, slower closed-loop oscillation period is produced during delayed feedback in which islet oscillations are clustered into episodes. The period of this second oscillatory mode increases with the time delay and appears to be a second stable behavior that coexists with the faster synchronized oscillation. The general conclusion is that islet coordination through negative feedback is a viable means of islet coordination that is robust to delays in the timing of the feedback, and could complement other potential coordination mechanisms such as entrainment by pancreatic ganglia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Insulin secretion from islets of Langerhans is rhythmic, and these rhythms are coordinated to produce oscillatory plasma insulin levels. Using a combination of microfluidics and computational modeling, we demonstrate that coordination can occur through negative feedback of the type provided by the liver, even if that feedback is delayed by several minutes. We also demonstrate that a second, slower, mode of oscillations can occur when feedback is delayed where faster oscillations are grouped into episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Bruce
- Department of Mathematics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - I.-A. Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - W. Leng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Y. Oh
- Department of Mathematics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Y.-C. Chiu
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - M. G. Roper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - R. Bertram
- Department of Mathematics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
- Programs in Molecular Biophysics and Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Jia C, Li G, Zhang W, Li Q, Chen X, Leng W, Huang L, Xie Z, Zhang H, You W, An R, Jiang H, Zhao X, Cheng S, Tan J, Cui W, Gao F, Lu W, Wang Y, Yang Y, Xia S, Wang S. Immunogenicity and safety of an egg culture-based quadrivalent inactivated non-adjuvanted subunit influenza vaccine in subjects ≥3 years: A randomized, multicenter, double-blind, active-controlled phase III, non-inferiority trial. Vaccine 2022; 40:4933-4941. [PMID: 35810063 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Subunit influenza vaccine only formulated with surface antigen proteins has better safety profiles relative to split-virion influenza vaccine. Compared to the traditional quadrivalent split-virion influenza vaccine, a novel quadrivalent subunit influenza vaccine is urgently needed in China. We completed a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, non-inferiority clinical study at two sites in Henan Province, China. Eligible volunteers were split into four age cohorts (3-8 years, 9-17 years, 18-64 years, and ≥ 65 years, based on their dates of birth) and randomly assigned (1:1) to the subunit and the split-virion ecNAIIV4 groups. All volunteers were intramuscularly administered a single vaccine dose at baseline, and children aged 3-8 years received a boosting dose at day 28. And the immune response was evaluated by measuring hemagglutinin-inhibition antibody titers against the four vaccine strains in blood samples. Safety profiles had nonsignificant differences between the study groups in ≥ 3 years cohort. Most adverse reactions post-vaccination, both local and systemic, were mild to moderate and resolved within 3 days. And no serious adverse events occurred. The immunogenicity of the trial vaccine was non-inferior to the comparator. Further, a two-dose vaccine series can provide better seroprotection than that of a one-dose series in children aged 3-8 years, with clinically acceptable safety profiles. Clinical Trials Registration. ChiCTR2100049934.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Henan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenzhou, China.
| | | | | | - Wei Zhang
- Henan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenzhou, China.
| | - Qin Li
- Ab&b Biotec Co., Ltd, Taizhou, China.
| | | | | | - Lili Huang
- Henan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenzhou, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Xie
- Henan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenzhou, China.
| | | | - Wangyang You
- Henan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenzhou, China.
| | - Rui An
- Ab&b Biotec Co., Ltd, Taizhou, China.
| | | | - Xue Zhao
- Ab&b Biotec Co., Ltd, Taizhou, China.
| | | | - Jiebing Tan
- Henan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenzhou, China.
| | - Weiyang Cui
- Puyang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Henan, China.
| | - Feilong Gao
- Kaifeng Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Henan, China.
| | - Weifeng Lu
- Kaifeng Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Henan, China.
| | - Yuping Wang
- Puyang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Henan, China.
| | - Yongli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhenzhou, China.
| | - Shengli Xia
- Henan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenzhou, China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- Ab&b Biotec Co., Ltd, Taizhou, China; Yither Biotech Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China.
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Wu L, Fu S, Yin X, Leng W, Guo Z, Wang A, Ye J. Affinity maturation occurs in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctaus) following immunization with a T-cell dependent antigen. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 84:781-786. [PMID: 30393175 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Affinity maturation of the antibody response, a process of antibody affinity increasing over response, is one of the key features of the mammalian immune system. However, the process is incompletely understood in teleost, including channel catfish (Ictalurus punctaus). In this study, IgM affinity maturation in channel catfish was investigated by estimating the kinetics of antibody affinity using ELISA and ELISPOT assays. Fish were immunized with a T-cell dependent antigen (TNP-KLH), and individual serum IgM antibody titers and affinities, and IgM+ antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in peripheral blood were analyzed over a period of 14 weeks. A detectable serum anti-TNP response developed by 2-weeks post-immunization, and the maximal antibody production was observed by 6-weeks post-immunization. The average affinity of anti-TNP serum antibody increased consistently and reached the maximum by 10-weeks post-immunization. The increase of antibody affinity beyond the point of optimal antibody titer revealed that the affinity maturation of IgM antibody response occurred in channel catfish. Dissection of dynamics of individual affinity subpopulations indicated that a significant proportion of low affinity subpopulations appeared at early response, and high affinity subpopulations appeared predominantly at later, resulting in a 100-fold increase in affinity over response. Additional, TNP+ IgM+ ASCs was detected by 2-weeks post-immunization and achieved the maximal number by 6-weeks post-immunization. Using an inhibition ELISPOT assay, the findings of a consistent increase in the average affinity of secreted IgM antibody by peripheral blood ASCs, as the immune response progressed, confirmed the occurrence of the affinity maturation. Taken together, the results of this study indicated that affinity maturation occurred in channel catfish following immunization with a TD antigen TNP-KLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Wu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Shengli Fu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Yin
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Wenna Leng
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Zheng Guo
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Anli Wang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Jianmin Ye
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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Abstract
The facile, green synthesis of gold nanostars (AuNSs) with tunable branch lengths for SERS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Saverot
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering
- Virginia Tech
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - X. Geng
- Department of Chemistry
- Virginia Tech
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - W. Leng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Virginia Tech
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - P. J. Vikesland
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Virginia Tech
- Blacksburg
- USA
- Virginia Tech Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology
| | - T. Z. Grove
- Department of Chemistry
- Virginia Tech
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - L. R. Bickford
- Virginia Tech Center for Sustainable Nanotechnology
- Virginia Tech
- Blacksburg
- USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics
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6
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Xia L, Peng R, Leng W, Jia R, Zeng X, Yang X, Fan M. TRAIL-expressing gingival-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit tumorigenesis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. J Dent Res 2014; 94:219-28. [PMID: 25391621 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514557815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has verified that mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow or adipose tissues can migrate toward a variety of tumors. In this study, we explored whether human gingival-derived MSCs (G-MSCs) can migrate toward tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and evaluated the antitumor effect of engineered G-MSCs in expressing and delivering the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). An in vitro cell migration assay with Transwell plates showed that human G-MSCs can migrate toward TSCC cell lines (Tca8113 and Cal27). Then, human G-MSCs, as a type of cell-based vehicle, were transduced with full-length TRAIL and enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter genes by the lentivirus (LV) system (G-MSCs with full-length TRAIL; G-MSCFLT). Tca8113 and Cal27 were co-cultured with G-MSCFLT, respectively, to evaluate the function of G-MSCFLT on tumor cells in vitro. This resulted in G-MSCFLT's inducing a great number of tumor cell necrosis and apoptosis. Meanwhile, in vivo antitumor assays were performed by administering G-MSCFLT to nude mice locally and systematically (mixed injection with tumor cells and tail vein injection). This showed that G-MSCFLT can reduce or even inhibit TSCC growth regardless of the method of administration, especially when the mixed injection of tumor cells and G-MSCFLT was at a ratio of 1:1, which showed no tumor formation. Furthermore, this verified that G-MSCFLT migrated toward TSCC in quantity. These data emphasize the effectiveness of G-MSCs as a vehicle for cell-based gene therapy and the antitumor activity of TRAIL-expressing G-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xia
- The Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Hospital and School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Department of Stomatology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - R Peng
- The Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Hospital and School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - W Leng
- Department of Stomatology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - R Jia
- The Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Hospital and School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - X Zeng
- Department of Stomatology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - X Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - M Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Hospital and School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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7
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Judex S, Wohl GR, Wolff RB, Leng W, Gillis AM, Zernicke RF. Dietary fish oil supplementation adversely affects cortical bone morphology and biomechanics in growing rabbits. Calcif Tissue Int 2000; 66:443-8. [PMID: 10821881 DOI: 10.1007/s002230010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite substantial evidence that fish oil-derived (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may protect against cardiovascular disease, the effects of supplements containing (n-3) PUFA on the skeletal system are unknown. Here we investigated how a diet supplemented with 10 g/100 g fish oil affected tibial cortical morphology and mechanical properties in weanling rabbits. Rabbits were subdivided into a normal control (n = 10), a fish oil (n = 20), and a pair-fed (n = 20) group. The pair-fed group was energy restricted to match average body mass of the fish oil group. At completion of the 40 day dietary intervention, control rabbits were significantly heavier than the other two groups. Comparison between control and pair-fed rabbits revealed that energy restriction alone (30%) did not induce significant changes in tibial middiaphyseal morphology, but tibial longitudinal growth was significantly impaired. Most tibial mechanical properties were significantly degraded by energy restriction. Fish oil-supplemented rabbits had significantly smaller middiaphyseal areal properties and shorter tibiae than pair-fed rabbits. Tibial structural properties were significantly reduced in fish oil-fed rabbits, but tibial stress at the proportional limit (material property) was not significantly affected. Our data suggest that 10% fish oil supplementation in the presence of modest vitamin E supplementation can have detrimental effects on the skeleton of rapidly growing rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Judex
- McCaig Centre for Joint Injury and Arthritis Research, University of Calgary, T2N 4N1, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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8
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Zhu CJ, Li ZJ, Leng W. Measurement of biological activity of somatotropin in hypophysectomized rats. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1997; 18:489-93. [PMID: 10322901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To develop a method for measurement of biological activity of recombinant DNA-derived somatotropin (rhGH). METHODS The effects of varying the route, frequency and period of administration of GH, the sex of test animals on the biological responses, body weight gain (BWG), and tibial epiphyseal width (TEW), of hypophysectomized (Hypox) rats were compared, respectively. 4-d BWG, 6-d BWG, and 6-d TEW tests were carried out simultaneously in the same group of Hypox rats to determine the biopotency of GH preparations according to a parallel line bioassay (6-point assay). The final result was chosen from the test which had smaller values for the index of precision (lambda) and the average rate of fiducial limits (ARFL) than other tests. RESULTS No significant differences in the responses between male and female rats, between sc and im, once daily and twice daily injections of bGH were found. But the BWG and TEW of Hypox rats injected with 0.045 and 0.135 IU.d-1 of bGH for 6 d were significantly greater than that for 4 d. Both 4-d BWG test and 6-d BWG test in the range from 0.020 to 0.500 IU.d-1 had values for lambda = 0.0660 and 0.1747, and for r = 0.9000 and 0.9237, respectively. Three estimates of rhGH preparation compared with the International Standard for somatotropin (IShGH), 4.6132, 3.9829, and 4.8023 IU/ampoule, were obtained separately from 4-d BWG test, 6-d BWG test and 6-d TEW test. And the result from 6-d BWG test was reported finally because it had smaller values for lambda and ARFL (0.0608 and 37.907%) than other two tests. CONCLUSION Both BWG test and TEW test can be carried out simultaneously in the same group of Hypox rats. 6-d BWG test seemed to be more suitable for potency determination of GH preparations than 4-d BWG test and 6-d TEW test.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Zhu
- Hormones Laboratory, National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, Beijing, China
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9
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Zernicke RF, Wohl GR, Greenwald RA, Moak SA, Leng W, Golub LM. Administration of systemic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors maintains bone mechanical integrity in adjuvant arthritis. J Rheumatol 1997; 24:1324-31. [PMID: 9228132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of systemic tetracycline derived antimetalloproteinase compounds on bone morphology and mechanical integrity. METHODS Male Lewis rats (n = 78) were randomly assigned to one of 10 groups, comprising controls, adjuvant arthritis (AA), and adjuvant arthritis with various combinations of 2 chemically modified, non-antimicrobial tetracycline derivatives (CMT3 or CMT8) with either of 2 nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents (flurbiprofen or tenidap). After AA induction (23 days), pharmacological efficacy was assessed by inflammatory indices, body mass changes, joint radiological destruction scores, and pyridinoline collagen derived crosslinks. The structural and material properties of the rat femoral neck were assessed biomechanically. RESULTS Neither CMT had an antiinflammatory effect, but flurbiprofen and tenidap (alone or together with either CMT) significantly reduced joint inflammation. Pyridinoline excretion increased markedly in untreated AA, but was substantially normalized by either CMT3 alone or by CMT8 with flurbiprofen. AA produced significant deleterious effects on femoral neck structure and mechanical properties. Administration of either CMT, however, had positive effects on the amount of bone and the biomechanical properties of rat femoral neck, but not the mineralization of the bone in the rat femoral neck. CONCLUSION These data suggest that tetracycline derived antimetalloproteinase compounds can significantly and positively influence bone mechanical integrity associated with inhibition of collagen breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Zernicke
- McCaig Centre for Joint Injury and Arthritis Research, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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10
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Leng W, Chang K, Williamson JR, Jakschik BA. Increased regional vascular albumin permeation in the rat during anaphylaxis. The Journal of Immunology 1989. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.142.6.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The changes in vascular albumin permeation induced by systemic anaphylaxis were studied simultaneously in 21 different tissues of the same animal. Before Ag challenge sensitized rats were injected i.v. with 125I-albumin (test tracer), 51Cr-RBC (vascular space marker) and 57Co-EDTA (extravascular space marker). The index of vascular permeation used was the tissue to blood isotope ratio (tbir), which was obtained by dividing the ratio of 125I/51Cr counts in each tissue by the ratio of the same isotopes in the arterial blood sample. After Ag challenge, the increase in the tbir varied considerably among the different tissues. The most pronounced increase was noted in the lymph node (ninefold) followed by the aorta and mesentery (six- to sevenfold) and the various parts of the gastrointestinal tract (four- to sixfold). In the skin less than skeletal muscle less than lung less than liver and eye two- to fourfold increases occurred. Relatively minor increases in albumin permeation (less than twofold) were observed in the brain less than kidney less than heart and less than spleen. The testis was the only organ in which no significant change occurred. For some of the tissues there was also an increase in the tbir for 57Co/51Cr (an index of the extracellular fluid space) suggesting edema formation. The highest increase was noted in the aorta (fourfold). Minor increases occurred in the atrium of the heart, stomach, duodenum, and lymph nodes. There was also a 36% increase in hematocrit. Therefore, systemic anaphylaxis caused extensive extravasation of albumin and hemoconcentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Leng
- Department of Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - K Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - J R Williamson
- Department of Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - B A Jakschik
- Department of Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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11
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Leng W, Chang K, Williamson JR, Jakschik BA. Increased regional vascular albumin permeation in the rat during anaphylaxis. J Immunol 1989; 142:1982-5. [PMID: 2921522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The changes in vascular albumin permeation induced by systemic anaphylaxis were studied simultaneously in 21 different tissues of the same animal. Before Ag challenge sensitized rats were injected i.v. with 125I-albumin (test tracer), 51Cr-RBC (vascular space marker) and 57Co-EDTA (extravascular space marker). The index of vascular permeation used was the tissue to blood isotope ratio (tbir), which was obtained by dividing the ratio of 125I/51Cr counts in each tissue by the ratio of the same isotopes in the arterial blood sample. After Ag challenge, the increase in the tbir varied considerably among the different tissues. The most pronounced increase was noted in the lymph node (ninefold) followed by the aorta and mesentery (six- to sevenfold) and the various parts of the gastrointestinal tract (four- to sixfold). In the skin less than skeletal muscle less than lung less than liver and eye two- to fourfold increases occurred. Relatively minor increases in albumin permeation (less than twofold) were observed in the brain less than kidney less than heart and less than spleen. The testis was the only organ in which no significant change occurred. For some of the tissues there was also an increase in the tbir for 57Co/51Cr (an index of the extracellular fluid space) suggesting edema formation. The highest increase was noted in the aorta (fourfold). Minor increases occurred in the atrium of the heart, stomach, duodenum, and lymph nodes. There was also a 36% increase in hematocrit. Therefore, systemic anaphylaxis caused extensive extravasation of albumin and hemoconcentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Leng
- Department of Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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12
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Leng W, Kuo CG, Qureshi R, Jakschik BA. Role of leukotrienes in vascular changes in the rat mesentery and skin in anaphylaxis. J Immunol 1988; 140:2361-8. [PMID: 3351303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of leukotrienes and other mediators of vascular changes in anaphylaxis were studied in rats sensitized with monoclonal anti-DNP IgE and challenged with DNP-BSA. Microvascular changes in the mesentery were followed by intravital fluorescent microscopy and in the skin by exudation of Evans blue dye. Administration of Ag i.v. caused a marked increase in the peristaltic movement of the intestine, plasma exudation, and arteriolar constriction in the mesentery. The microvascular changes were accompanied by a profound fall in blood pressure, which was biphasic. The first phase lasted for approximately 2 min. The second phase was very prolonged and the hypotension was still maintained 40 min after Ag challenge. The changes observed were dose dependent with regard to Ag. Intradermal application of Ag resulted in dose-dependent extravasation of Evans blue dye in the skin. Plasma exudation was partially inhibited by pyrilamine and methysergide. However, their effect seemed to be more pronounced in the skin than in the mesentery. The leukotriene D4-R antagonist L-649,923 and the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor ONO-LP-049, alone or in combination with other inhibitors, did not alter the plasma leakage in the skin. In the mesentery, the leukotriene antagonists alone had a moderate effect on vascular permeability. However, the combination of these agents with pyrilamine completely inhibited macromolecular extravasation. The hypotension was modulated by the antihistamines as well as the leukotriene and serotonin antagonists. Pyrilamine inhibited the first phase and the second phase. The major effect of methysergide was a decrease in the duration of the hypotension. This was especially evident when it was administered in combination with other inhibitors. The leukotriene antagonists when given alone had moderate effects on the blood pressure changes. However, in combination with pyrilamine, the hypotension was substantially reduced. Leukotrienes appeared to be important mediators of the vascular changes in the mesentery but not in the skin (passive cutaneous anaphylaxis). They markedly potentiated the action of histamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Leng
- Department of Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Leng W, Kuo CG, Qureshi R, Jakschik BA. Role of leukotrienes in vascular changes in the rat mesentery and skin in anaphylaxis. The Journal of Immunology 1988. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.140.7.2361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The role of leukotrienes and other mediators of vascular changes in anaphylaxis were studied in rats sensitized with monoclonal anti-DNP IgE and challenged with DNP-BSA. Microvascular changes in the mesentery were followed by intravital fluorescent microscopy and in the skin by exudation of Evans blue dye. Administration of Ag i.v. caused a marked increase in the peristaltic movement of the intestine, plasma exudation, and arteriolar constriction in the mesentery. The microvascular changes were accompanied by a profound fall in blood pressure, which was biphasic. The first phase lasted for approximately 2 min. The second phase was very prolonged and the hypotension was still maintained 40 min after Ag challenge. The changes observed were dose dependent with regard to Ag. Intradermal application of Ag resulted in dose-dependent extravasation of Evans blue dye in the skin. Plasma exudation was partially inhibited by pyrilamine and methysergide. However, their effect seemed to be more pronounced in the skin than in the mesentery. The leukotriene D4-R antagonist L-649,923 and the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor ONO-LP-049, alone or in combination with other inhibitors, did not alter the plasma leakage in the skin. In the mesentery, the leukotriene antagonists alone had a moderate effect on vascular permeability. However, the combination of these agents with pyrilamine completely inhibited macromolecular extravasation. The hypotension was modulated by the antihistamines as well as the leukotriene and serotonin antagonists. Pyrilamine inhibited the first phase and the second phase. The major effect of methysergide was a decrease in the duration of the hypotension. This was especially evident when it was administered in combination with other inhibitors. The leukotriene antagonists when given alone had moderate effects on the blood pressure changes. However, in combination with pyrilamine, the hypotension was substantially reduced. Leukotrienes appeared to be important mediators of the vascular changes in the mesentery but not in the skin (passive cutaneous anaphylaxis). They markedly potentiated the action of histamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Leng
- Department of Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - C G Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - R Qureshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - B A Jakschik
- Department of Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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