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Yu L, Sun H, Che M, Gai W. Observation of Serological Index and Efficacy of Abiraterone Hydrochloride Tablets Combined with Endocrine Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. ARCH ESP UROL 2023; 76:588-595. [PMID: 37960958 DOI: 10.56434/j.arch.esp.urol.20237608.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study reviewed and analysed the serological indexes, clinical efficacy and common clinical indexes of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with combination of abiraterone hydrochloride tablets and endocrine therapy. METHOD This study is a retrospective analysis. A total of 133 mCRPC patients who were admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected as the study subjects. The patients were categorised into the experimental group (n = 51) and control group (n = 82) according to their treatment method. The control group was treated with docetaxel combined with endocrine therapy, whilst the experimental group was treated with combination therapy with abiraterone hydrochloride tablets. Subsequently, the clinical data of the two groups, including serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2), prostate specific antigen (PSA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), were analysed. RESULT The overall response rate of the experimental group (84.3%) was higher than that of the control group (72.0%). The serum levels of CEA, total prostate specific antigen, free prostate specific antigen, testosterone and androgen receptor splice variant 7 in both groups were lower than those of before treatment, and the values obtained by the experimental group were lower than those of the control group (p < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in both groups were higher than those before treatment, and the levels of CD8+, IGF-1, hK2, PSA and VEGF in the two groups decreased after treatment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of abiraterone hydrochloride tablet combined with endocrine therapy for patients with mCRPC is effective and can improve clinical symptoms and serum cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yu
- Primary Medical Department, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), 266033 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Massage Ward (II), Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), 266033 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Minxia Che
- Primary Medical Department, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), 266033 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wentao Gai
- Department of Urology Surgery, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), 266033 Qingdao, Shandong, China
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2
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Lee K, Lau YM, Mok T, Chan V, Li S, Chan O, Kwong T, Lo P, Gai W. 367P Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations (EGFR-mut) from cell-free DNA in pleural effusion (PE-DNA) of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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3
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Chu J, Li N, Gai W. Identification of genes that predict the biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3447-3452. [PMID: 30127947 PMCID: PMC6096182 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent cancer types in men. Biochemical recurrence continues to occur in a large proportion of patients after radical prostatectomy. Thus, prognostic biomarkers are required to determine which treatment is suitable. In the present study, RNA-sequencing gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas was used in order to develop a risk-score staging system based on the expression of eight genes. Cox multivariate regression was used to predict the outcome of patients with PCa. The biomedical recurrence-free survival of patients with low-risk scores was significantly longer compared with patients with high-risk scores (P=5×10−7). This result was further validated using another dataset, GSE70769, from the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The prognostic values of other clinical information and risk scores were evaluated for 5-year biochemical recurrence. The prognostic value of the risk score was determined using an area under curve value of 0.819, predicting the 5-year biochemical recurrence of patients with PCa. The risk score was identified to be significantly associated with primary tumor stage (P<0.01), Gleason score (P<0.01), and lymph node invasion (P<0.05), but was independent of age. Cox multivariate regression revealed that the risk score was an indicator for prediction of biochemical recurrence. Thus, the risk score is a valuable and robust indicator for predicting the biochemical recurrence of patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Chu
- Department of Urology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Urology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Gai
- Department of Urology, Yantai Municipal Laiyang Central Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 265200, P.R. China
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4
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Gao Q, Ha G, Jing C, Antipov SP, Power JG, Conde M, Gai W, Chen H, Shi J, Wisniewski EE, Doran DS, Liu W, Whiteford CE, Zholents A, Piot P, Baturin SS. Observation of High Transformer Ratio of Shaped Bunch Generated by an Emittance-Exchange Beam Line. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:114801. [PMID: 29601751 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Collinear wakefield acceleration has been long established as a method capable of generating ultrahigh acceleration gradients. Because of the success on this front, recently, more efforts have shifted towards developing methods to raise the transformer ratio (TR). This figure of merit is defined as the ratio of the peak acceleration field behind the drive bunch to the peak deceleration field inside the drive bunch. TR is always less than 2 for temporally symmetric drive bunch distributions and therefore recent efforts have focused on generating asymmetric distributions to overcome this limitation. In this Letter, we report on using the emittance-exchange method to generate a shaped drive bunch to experimentally demonstrate a TR≈5 in a dielectric wakefield accelerator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Gao
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University Beijing, Beijing 100084, People's Repubic of China
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging, Tsinghua University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, People's Repubic of China
| | - G Ha
- POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic Of Korea
| | - C Jing
- Euclid Techlabs LLC, Bolingbrook, Illinois 60440, USA
| | - S P Antipov
- Euclid Techlabs LLC, Bolingbrook, Illinois 60440, USA
| | - J G Power
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Conde
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - W Gai
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - H Chen
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University Beijing, Beijing 100084, People's Repubic of China
| | - J Shi
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University Beijing, Beijing 100084, People's Repubic of China
| | - E E Wisniewski
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - D S Doran
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - W Liu
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C E Whiteford
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A Zholents
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - P Piot
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S S Baturin
- The University of Chicago, PSD, Enrico Fermi Institute, 5640 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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5
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Xu Y, Jiang Y, Gai W, Yu B. Protective role of tenuigenin on sepsis-induced acute kidney injury in mice. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5051-5056. [PMID: 29201213 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe complication of sepsis, which largely contributes to the associated high mortality rate. Tenuigenin (TNG) is a natural product isolated from Polygala tenuifolia root, which possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. The present study investigated the effects of TNG on sepsis-associated AKI in mice subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). TNG was demonstrated to alleviate sepsis-induced AKI by reducing pathological changes and significantly decreasing the levels of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and kidney coefficient. The production of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6, was markedly inhibited by TNG. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that the morphological changes of kidney tissues in CLP mice were reversed following TNG treatment. Furthermore, treatment with TNG inhibited the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2. Finally, TNG inhibited the activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. The present study suggested that TNG alleviates sepsis-induced AKI by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, which provides a novel approach for treating sepsis-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Laiyang Central Hospital of Yantai, Yantai, Shandong 265200, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Laiyang Central Hospital of Yantai, Yantai, Shandong 265200, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Gai
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Laiyang Central Hospital of Yantai, Yantai, Shandong 265200, P.R. China
| | - Botao Yu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Laiyang Central Hospital of Yantai, Yantai, Shandong 265200, P.R. China
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6
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Lee K, Chan O, Mok T, Chan A, Lee C, Fontela A, Yung T, Chan V, Wong A, Wong K, Fung S, Gai W. P3.02-031 Detection of Activating EGFR Mutations and Resistant T790M Mutation from cfDNA in Malignant Pleural Effusion(MPE-DNA). J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Ha G, Cho MH, Namkung W, Power JG, Doran DS, Wisniewski EE, Conde M, Gai W, Liu W, Whiteford C, Gao Q, Kim KJ, Zholents A, Sun YE, Jing C, Piot P. Precision Control of the Electron Longitudinal Bunch Shape Using an Emittance-Exchange Beam Line. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:104801. [PMID: 28339245 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental generation of relativistic electron bunches with a tunable longitudinal bunch shape. A longitudinal bunch-shaping (LBS) beam line, consisting of a transverse mask followed by a transverse-to-longitudinal emittance exchange (EEX) beam line, is used to tailor the longitudinal bunch shape (or current profile) of the electron bunch. The mask shapes the bunch's horizontal profile, and the EEX beam line converts it to a corresponding longitudinal profile. The Argonne wakefield accelerator rf photoinjector delivers electron bunches into a LBS beam line to generate a variety of longitudinal bunch shapes. The quality of the longitudinal bunch shape is limited by various perturbations in the exchange process. We develop a simple method, based on the incident slope of the bunch, to significantly suppress the perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ha
- POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - M H Cho
- POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - W Namkung
- POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - J G Power
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - D S Doran
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - E E Wisniewski
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Conde
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - W Gai
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - W Liu
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C Whiteford
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Q Gao
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - K-J Kim
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A Zholents
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Y-E Sun
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C Jing
- Euclid TechLabs, Solon, Ohio 44139, USA
| | - P Piot
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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8
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Wang D, Antipov S, Jing C, Power JG, Conde M, Wisniewski E, Liu W, Qiu J, Ha G, Dolgashev V, Tang C, Gai W. Interaction of an Ultrarelativistic Electron Bunch Train with a W-Band Accelerating Structure: High Power and High Gradient. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:054801. [PMID: 26894715 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.054801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Electron beam interaction with high frequency structures (beyond microwave regime) has a great impact on future high energy frontier machines. We report on the generation of multimegawatt pulsed rf power at 91 GHz in a planar metallic accelerating structure driven by an ultrarelativistic electron bunch train. This slow-wave wakefield device can also be used for high gradient acceleration of electrons with a stable rf phase and amplitude which are controlled by manipulation of the bunch train. To achieve precise control of the rf pulse properties, a two-beam wakefield interferometry method was developed in which the rf pulse, due to the interference of the wakefields from the two bunches, was measured as a function of bunch separation. Measurements of the energy change of a trailing electron bunch as a function of the bunch separation confirmed the interferometry method.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wang
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - S Antipov
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Euclid Techlabs LLC, Solon, Ohio 44139, USA
| | - C Jing
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Euclid Techlabs LLC, Solon, Ohio 44139, USA
| | - J G Power
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Conde
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - E Wisniewski
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - W Liu
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Qiu
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Euclid Techlabs LLC, Solon, Ohio 44139, USA
| | - G Ha
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - V Dolgashev
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Tang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - W Gai
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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9
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Antipov S, Baturin S, Jing C, Fedurin M, Kanareykin A, Swinson C, Schoessow P, Gai W, Zholents A. Experimental demonstration of energy-chirp compensation by a tunable dielectric-based structure. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:114801. [PMID: 24702378 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A tunable energy-chirp compensator was used to remove a correlated energy chirp from the 60-MeV beam at the Brookhaven National Laboratory Accelerator Test Facility. The compensator operates through the interaction of the wakefield of the electron bunch with itself and consists of a planar structure comprised of two alumina bars with copper-plated backs separated by an adjustable beam aperture. By changing the gap size, the correlated energy chirp of the electron bunch was completely removed. Calculations show that this device, properly scaled to account for the electron bunch charge and length, can be used to remove residual correlated energy spread at the end of the linacs used for free-electron lasers. The experimental results are shown to be in good agreement with numerical simulations. Application of this technique can significantly simplify linac design and improve free-electron lasers performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Antipov
- Euclid Techlabs LLC, Solon, Ohio 44139, USA and High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S Baturin
- St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University LETI, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - C Jing
- Euclid Techlabs LLC, Solon, Ohio 44139, USA and High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Fedurin
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Kanareykin
- Euclid Techlabs LLC, Solon, Ohio 44139, USA and St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University LETI, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - C Swinson
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | | | - W Gai
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A Zholents
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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10
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Antipov S, Babzien M, Jing C, Fedurin M, Gai W, Kanareykin A, Kusche K, Yakimenko V, Zholents A. Subpicosecond bunch train production for a tunable mJ level THz source. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:134802. [PMID: 24116784 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.134802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A strong energy modulation in an electron bunch passing through a dielectric-lined waveguide was recently demonstrated in Antipov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 144801 (2012). In this Letter, we demonstrate a successful conversion of this energy modulation into a beam density modulation, and the formation of a series of microbunches with a subpicosecond periodicity by means of magnetic optics (chicane). A strong coherent transition radiation signal produced by the microbunches is obtained and the tunability of its carrier frequency in the 0.68-0.9 THz range by regulating the energy chirp in the incoming electron bunch is demonstrated using infrared interferometry. A tabletop, compact, tunable, and narrowband source of intense THz radiation based on this technology is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Antipov
- Euclid Techlabs LLC, Solon, Ohio 44139, USA and High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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11
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Chen H, Du Y, Gai W, Grudiev A, Hua J, Huang W, Power JG, Wisniewski EE, Wuensch W, Tang C, Yan L, You Y. Surface-emission studies in a high-field RF gun based on measurements of field emission and Schottky-enabled photoemission. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:204802. [PMID: 23215494 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.204802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on investigations into the fundamental surface emission parameters, the geometric field enhancement factor (β) and the work function (φ), by making both field emission and Schottky-enabled photoemission measurements. The measurements were performed on a copper surface in the Tsinghua University S-band RF gun in two separate experiments. Fitting our data to the models for each experiment indicate that the traditionally assumed high value of β(≈50-500) does not provide a plausible explanation of the data, but incorporating a low value of φ at some sites does. In addition, direct measurements of the surface conducted after the experiment show that β is on the order of a few, consistent with our understanding of the electron emission measurements. Thus we conclude that the dominant source of electron emission in high gradient RF cavities is due to low φ sites, as opposed to the conventionally assumed high β sites. The origin of low φ at these sites is unclear and should be the subject of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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12
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Antipov S, Jing C, Fedurin M, Gai W, Kanareykin A, Kusche K, Schoessow P, Yakimenko V, Zholents A. Experimental observation of energy modulation in electron beams passing through terahertz dielectric wakefield structures. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:144801. [PMID: 22540797 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.144801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of a strong wakefield induced energy modulation in an energy-chirped electron bunch passing through a dielectric-lined waveguide. This modulation can be effectively converted into a spatial modulation forming microbunches with a periodicity of 0.5-1 ps and, hence, capable of driving coherent terahertz radiation. The experimental results agree well with theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Antipov
- Euclid Techlabs LLC, Solon, Ohio 44139, USA
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13
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Ng E, Vega-Saenz de Miera E, Tan B, Gai W, Goldberg JD, Osman I, Berwick M, Lazovich D, Polsky D. A population-based, case-control study of MC1R variants, ultraviolet light exposure, and melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.8504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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Jing C, Kanareykin A, Power JG, Conde M, Liu W, Antipov S, Schoessow P, Gai W. Experimental demonstration of wakefield acceleration in a tunable dielectric loaded accelerating structure. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:164802. [PMID: 21599371 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.164802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report on a collinear wakefield experiment using the first tunable dielectric loaded accelerating structure. By introducing an extra layer of nonlinear ferroelectric, which has a dielectric constant sensitive to temperature and dc bias, the frequency of a dielectric loaded accelerating structure can be tuned. During the experiment, the energy of a witness bunch at a fixed delay with respect to the drive beam was measured while the temperature of the structure was scanned over a 50 °C range. The energy change corresponded to a change of more than half of the nominal structure wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jing
- Euclid Techlabs, LLC, 5900 Harper Road, Solon, Ohio 44139, USA
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15
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Jiang B, Power JG, Lindberg R, Liu W, Gai W. Emittance-exchange-based high harmonic generation scheme for a short-wavelength free electron laser. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:114801. [PMID: 21469866 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Generation of short-wavelength radiation by a free-electron laser using up-frequency conversion of an electron bunch density modulation is currently an area of active research. We propose a new scheme for producing the longitudinal electron bunch density modulation similar to the recently proposed echo-enabled harmonic generation but based on an emittance exchange beam line and a multislit mask. Beam line analysis and start-to-end simulation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jiang
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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16
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Jing C, Kanareykin A, Power JG, Conde M, Yusof Z, Schoessow P, Gai W. Observation of enhanced transformer ratio in collinear wakefield acceleration. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:144801. [PMID: 17501280 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.144801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
One approach to future high energy particle accelerators is based on the wakefield principle: a leading high-charge drive bunch is used to excite fields in an accelerating structure or plasma that in turn accelerates a trailing low-charge witness bunch. The transformer ratio R is defined as the ratio of the maximum energy gain of the witness bunch to the maximum energy loss of the drive bunch. In general, R<2 for this configuration. A number of techniques have been proposed to overcome the transformer ratio limitation. We report here the first experimental study of the ramped bunch train (RBT) technique in a dielectric based accelerating structure. A single drive bunch was replaced by two bunches with charge ratio of 1:2.5 and a separation of 10.5 wavelengths of the fundamental mode. An average measured transformer ratio enhancement by a factor of 1.31 over the single drive bunch case was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jing
- Euclid Techlabs LLC, Solon, Ohio 44139, USA
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Gai W, Schott-Ohly P, Schulte im Walde S, Gleichmann H. Differential target molecules for toxicity induced by streptozotocin and alloxan in pancreatic islets of mice in vitro. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2004; 112:29-37. [PMID: 14758569 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-815724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Streptozotocin (STZ) and alloxan (ALX) are potent diabetogens in different species of laboratory animals. Here, we describe differential in vitro effects of STZ and ALX on beta-cell molecules that are essential for glucose transport and metabolism, the glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and glucokinase (GK), respectively. Incubation of isolated pancreatic islets of C57 BL/6 mice with STZ or ALX for 30 min resulted in a concentration-dependent gradual loss of beta-cell function as determined by basal and D-glucose (D-G)-stimulated insulin release. ALX concentration-dependently reduced the mRNA expression of GLUT2 and GK and the effect on GLUT2 was more marked. STZ, in contrast, did not affect the mRNA expression of GLUT2 and GK, but concentration-dependently reduced the GLUT2 protein expression. Both STZ and ALX failed to affect the mRNA expression of proinsulin and of beta-actin. The deleterious effects of STZ and ALX were not due to beta-cell loss, because the total RNA yields and protein contents as well as the proinsulin mRNA expression in isolated islets of the differentially treated islets did not differ significantly from controls. Furthermore, islets that had been exposed to STZ or ALX responded to the non-glucose secretagogue arginine in a pattern comparable to that of solvent-treated cultures. When preincubating islet cultures with either D-G or its chemically closely related analogue 5-thio-D-glucose (5-T-G), different effects were obtained after treatment with either ALX or STZ. Thus, preincubation with 5-T-G protected the cultures from STZ-induced GLUT2 protein reduction, whereas D-G failed to do so. Preincubation with D-G, however, protected the cultures from ALX-induced reduction of GLUT2 and GK mRNA expression, whereas 5-T-G, at best, exerted a modest protection against ALX at a concentration of 1 mmol/l. Apparently, in vitro, GLUT2 protein is a key target molecule for STZ, while GLUT2 mRNA and GK mRNA are target molecules for ALX.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gai
- German Diabetes Center, German Diabetes Research Institute, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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18
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Power JG, Gai W, Gold SH, Kinkead AK, Konecny R, Jing C, Liu W, Yusof Z. Observation of multipactor in an alumina-based dielectric-loaded accelerating structure. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:164801. [PMID: 15169236 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.164801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report a new regime of single-surface multipactor that was observed during high-power testing of an 11.424-GHz alumina-based dielectric-loaded accelerating structure. Previous experimental observations of single-surface multipactor on a dielectric occurred in cases for which the rf electric field was tangential and the rf power flow was normal to the dielectric surface (such as on rf windows) and found that the fraction of power absorbed at saturation is approximately 1%, independent of the incident power. In this new regime, in which strong normal and tangential rf electric fields are present and the power flow is parallel to the surface, the fraction of power absorbed at saturation is an increasing function of the incident power, and more than half of the incident power can be absorbed. A simple model is presented to explain the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Power
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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19
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Lee B, Gai W, Laychock SG. Proteasomal activation mediates down-regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor and calcium mobilization in rat pancreatic islets. Endocrinology 2001; 142:1744-51. [PMID: 11316737 DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.5.8150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) protein levels in isolated rat pancreatic islets were investigated in response to carbachol (CCh) and sulfated cholecystokinin 26-33 amide stimulation. Within 2 h, CCh reduced IP3R-I protein levels by 22% and IP3R-II and -III levels to 65% or more below basal. Sulfated cholecystokinin 26-33 amide decreased the levels of IP3R-I, -II, and -III by 34%, 60%, and 66% below basal, respectively. The effect of CCh was concentration- and time-dependent, with a persistent decline in IP3R levels for up to 6 h after the onset of stimulation. CCh-pretreated islets also showed an inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Proteasome inhibition completely blocked the down-regulatory effects of CCh on IP3Rs and significantly increased the insulin secretory response to glucose stimulation in the presence of CCH: Islet stimulation by glucose, alpha-ketoisocaproic acid, and tolbutamide completely protected IP3Rs against the down-regulatory effects of CCH: 2-deoxyglucose and 3-O-methyl glucose failed to affect CCh-induced IP3R down-regulation. The protective effects of glucose on IP3R down-regulation were completely inhibited by the Ca(2+) channel-blocking agent nimodipine. Intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) levels in Fura-2 (fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator)-loaded islets, in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+), increased in response to glucose stimulation; but in islets pretreated with CCh, glucose did not increase [Ca(2+)](i) above basal levels. However, in islets pretreated with CCh and the proteasomal inhibitor MG-132 (carbobenzoxyl-leucinyl-leucinyl-leucinyl-H), the glucose-stimulated increase in [Ca(2+)](i) was significantly higher than the change observed for glucose-stimulated [Ca(2+)](i) in the absence of MG-132. The results suggest that muscarinic receptor stimulation modulates IP3R protein levels in islets through a proteasomal activation pathway, and that down-regulation of IP3Rs has a profound effect on Ca(2+) mobilization in islets that may relate to insulin secretory responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA
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Gorham PW, Saltzberg DP, Schoessow P, Gai W, Power JG, Konecny R, Conde ME. Radio-frequency measurements of coherent transition and cherenkov radiation: implications for high-energy neutrino detection. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 62:8590-8605. [PMID: 11138159 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.8590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report on measurements of (11-18)-cm wavelength radio emission from interactions of 15.2 MeV pulsed electron bunches at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator. The electrons were observed both in a configuration where they produced primarily transition radiation from an aluminum foil, and in a configuration designed for the electrons to produce Cherenkov radiation in a silica sand target. Our aim was to emulate the large electron excess expected to develop during an electromagnetic cascade initiated by an ultrahigh-energy particle. Such charge asymmetries are predicted to produce strong coherent radio pulses, which are the basis for several experiments to detect high-energy neutrinos from the showers they induce in Antarctic ice and in the lunar regolith. We detected coherent emission which we attribute both to transition and possibly Cherenkov radiation at different levels depending on the experimental conditions. We discuss implications for experiments relying on radio emission for detection of electromagnetic cascades produced by ultrahigh-energy neutrinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- PW Gorham
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
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21
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Power JG, Gai W, Schoessow P. Wakefield excitation in multimode structures by a train of electron bunches. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1999; 60:6061-7. [PMID: 11970511 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.60.6061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/1998] [Revised: 06/07/1999] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
We discuss wakefield excitation and propagation in dielectric structures, particularly concentrating on the case of multiple drive beam excitation in multimoded structures. We emphasize calculations of the energy loss of the drive beam train, the amplitude of the wakefield, and the relationship between power flow and stored energy in the dielectric wakefield device. We show that for a collinear multimode structure the amplitude of the wakefield generated by a bunch train is less than or equal to the wakefield generated by a single bunch of the same total charge. Furthermore, the transformer ratio R is shown to be always less than 2, even in the multiple drive beam case.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Power
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, U SA
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22
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Stein E, Gai W, Chiang YT, Foley J. Fluvastatin is effective in combined hyperlipidaemia. Atherosclerosis 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(99)80525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Braak H, Sandmann-Keil D, Gai W, Braak E. Extensive axonal Lewy neurites in Parkinson's disease: a novel pathological feature revealed by alpha-synuclein immunocytochemistry. Neurosci Lett 1999; 265:67-9. [PMID: 10327208 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lewy bodies and coarse Lewy neurites are the pathological hallmarks of degenerating neurons in the brains of patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, the presynaptic protein alpha-synuclein was shown to be a major component of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. This study demonstrates for the first time that extensive and thin alpha-synuclein-immunoreactive inclusions are present in the axonal processes of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Braak
- Department of Anatomy, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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24
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Liu C, Marshall P, Schreibman I, Vu A, Gai W, Whitlow M. Interaction between terminal complement proteins C5b-7 and anionic phospholipids. Blood 1999; 93:2297-301. [PMID: 10090939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that C5b-6 binds to the erythrocyte membrane via an ionic interaction with sialic acid before the addition of C7 and subsequent membrane insertion. In this study we assessed the role of anionic lipids in the binding of the terminal complement proteins to the membrane and the efficiency of subsequent hemolysis. Human erythrocytes were modified by insertion of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dipalmitoyl phosphatidylserine (DPPS), dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE), or dipalmitoyl phosphatidic acid (DPPA). Lipid incorporation and the hemolytic assays were done in the presence of 100 micromol/L sodium orthovanadate to prevent enzymatic redistribution of lipid. We found that the neutral lipids, DPPC and DPPE, did not affect C5b-7 uptake or hemolysis by C5b-9. In contrast, the two acidic phospholipids, DPPS and DPPA, caused a dose-dependent increase in both lysis and C5b-7 uptake. We conclude that the presence of anionic lipids on the exterior face of the membrane increases C5b-7 uptake and subsequent hemolysis. It is known that sickle cell erythrocytes have increased exposure of phosphatidylserine on their external face and are abnormally sensitive to lysis by C5b-9. The data presented here provide a plausible mechanism for this increased sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Liu
- Division of Dermatology, Manhattan Veteran's Administration Medical Center, New York, NY 10010-5050, USA
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25
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Gai W, Davidson E, Whitlow M. Interaction between complement C5b6 and erythrocyte membrane glycophorin. Mol Immunol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0161-5890(98)90852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
The expression of trk receptors in postmortem normal, Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease human brains was investigated using immunohistochemistry, in-situ hybridisation and Western blotting. Alzheimer's disease hippocampi displayed an increase in trkA receptor levels in astrocytes in the CA1 region, some of which were associated with beta-amyloid-positive plaques. Truncated trkB receptors were found in high levels in senile plaques, while the full-length receptor was expressed in glial-like cells in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease brains. In-situ hybridisation studies indicated that trk receptor mRNA was also elevated in Alzheimer's. The appearance of trkA and trkB receptors in astrocytes and plaques in Alzheimer's disease might be related to beta-amyloid deposition and could be implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Connor
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Tralshawala N, Zasadzinski JF, Coffey L, Gai W, Romalis M, Huang Q, Vaglio R, Gray KE. Tunneling, alpha 2F( omega ), and transport in superconductors: Nb, V, VN, Ba1-xKxBiO3, and Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 51:3812-3819. [PMID: 9979200 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.3812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Rosenzweig JB, Schoessow P, Cole B, Ho C, Gai W, Konecny R, Mtingwa S, Norem J, Rosing M, Simpson J. Demonstration of electron beam self‐focusing in plasma wake fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.859559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Rosenzweig JB, Schoessow P, Cole B, Gai W, Konecny R, Norem J, Simpson J. Experimental measurement of nonlinear plasma wake fields. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1989; 39:1586-1589. [PMID: 9901409 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.39.1586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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31
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Gai W, Schoessow P, Cole B, Konecny R, Norem J, Rosenzweig J, Simpson J. Experimental demonstration of wake-field effects in dielectric structures. Phys Rev Lett 1988; 61:2756-2758. [PMID: 10039214 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.61.2756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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32
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Rosenzweig JB, Cline DB, Cole B, Figueroa H, Gai W, Konecny R, Norem J, Schoessow P, Simpson J. Experimental observation of plasma wake-field acceleration. Phys Rev Lett 1988; 61:98-101. [PMID: 10038703 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.61.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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33
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Figueroa H, Gai W, Konecny R, Norem J, Ruggiero A, Schoessow P, Simpson J. Direct measurement of beam-induced fields in accelerating structures. Phys Rev Lett 1988; 60:2144-2147. [PMID: 10038271 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.60.2144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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