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Carmona-Pérez L, Dagenais-Lussier X, Mai LT, Stögerer T, Swaminathan S, Isnard S, Rice MR, Barnes BJ, Routy JP, van Grevenynghe J, Stäger S. The TLR7/IRF-5 axis sensitizes memory CD4+ T cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis during HIV-1 infection. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167329. [PMID: 37227774 PMCID: PMC10371351 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection is characterized by inflammation and a progressive decline in CD4+ T cell count. Despite treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART), the majority of people living with HIV (PLWH) maintain residual levels of inflammation, a low degree of immune activation, and higher sensitivity to cell death in their memory CD4+ T cell compartment. To date, the mechanisms responsible for this high sensitivity remain elusive. We have identified the transcription factor IRF-5 to be involved in impairing the maintenance of murine CD4+ T cells during chronic infection. Here, we investigate whether IRF-5 also contributes to memory CD4+ T cell loss during HIV-1 infection. We show that TLR7 and IRF-5 were upregulated in memory CD4+ T cells from PLWH, when compared with naturally protected elite controllers and HIVfree participants. TLR7 was upstream of IRF-5, promoting Caspase 8 expression in CD4+ T cells from ART HIV-1+ but not from HIVfree donors. Interestingly, the TLR7/IRF-5 axis acted synergistically with the Fas/FasL pathway, suggesting that TLR7 and IRF-5 expression in ART HIV-1+ memory CD4+ T cells represents an imprint that predisposes cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis. This predisposition could be blocked using IRF-5 inhibitory peptides, suggesting IRF-5 blockade as a possible therapy to prevent memory CD4+ T cell loss in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liseth Carmona-Pérez
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, and Infectiopôle-INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xavier Dagenais-Lussier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, and Infectiopôle-INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Linh T. Mai
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, and Infectiopôle-INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tanja Stögerer
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, and Infectiopôle-INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sharada Swaminathan
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, and Infectiopôle-INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Isnard
- Division of Hematology and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew R. Rice
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Betsy J. Barnes
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Division of Hematology and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julien van Grevenynghe
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, and Infectiopôle-INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simona Stäger
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, and Infectiopôle-INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
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Loucif H, Dagenais-Lussier X, Avizonis D, Choinière L, Beji C, Cassin L, Routy JP, Fritz JH, Olagnier D, van Grevenynghe J. Autophagy-dependent glutaminolysis drives superior IL21 production in HIV-1-specific CD4 T cells. Autophagy 2021; 18:1256-1273. [PMID: 34612140 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1972403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of a strong IL21 production in memory CD4 T cells, especially in HIV-1-specific cells, represents a major correlate of natural immune protection against the virus. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying IL21 production during HIV-1 infection, which is only elevated among the naturally protected elite controllers (EC), are still unknown. We recently found out that lipophagy is a critical immune mediator that control an antiviral metabolic state following CD8A T cell receptor engagement, playing an important role in the natural control of HIV-1 infection. This led us to investigate whether the beneficial role of a strong macroautophagy/autophagy, could also be used to ensure effective IL21 production as well. Herein, we confirm that after both polyclonal and HIV-1-specific activation, memory CD4 T cells (Mem) from EC display enhanced activity of the autophagy-mediated proteolysis compared to ART. Our results indicate that the enhanced autophagy activity in EC was controlled by the energy-sensing PRKAA1 (protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1). We further confirmed the critical role of the autophagy-mediated proteolysis in the strong IL21 production in EC by using BECN1 gene silencing as well as protease, PRKAA1, and lysosomal inhibitors. Finally, we established that high autophagy-mediated proteolysis in EC fuels their cellular rates of mitochondrial respiration due to glutaminolysis. Our data confirm the critical role of autophagy in dictating the metabolic input, which is required not only to ensure protective cytotoxic CD8A T cell responses, but also to provide strong IL21 production among antiviral CD4 T cells.Abbreviations: AKG: alpha-ketoglutarate; ART: patients under antiretroviral therapy; ATG7: autophagy related 7; BaF: bafilomycin A1; BECN1: beclin 1; Chloro.: chloroquine; EC: elite controllers; EIF4EBP1: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; FOXO3: forkhead box O3; GLS: glutaminase; GLUD1: glutamate dehydrogenase 1; HIVneg: HIV-1-uninfected control donors; IFNG/IFN-γ: interferon gamma; IL21: interleukin 21; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PRKAA1: protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TCA: tricarboxylic acid cycle; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Loucif
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xavier Dagenais-Lussier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daina Avizonis
- Metabolomics Innovation Resource, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luc Choinière
- Metabolomics Innovation Resource, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cherifa Beji
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Léna Cassin
- Department of Biomedicine, Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service and Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jörg H Fritz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Olagnier
- Department of Biomedicine, Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julien van Grevenynghe
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec, Canada
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Dagenais-Lussier X, Loucif H, Beji C, Telittchenko R, Routy JP, van Grevenynghe J. Latest developments in tryptophan metabolism: Understanding its role in B cell immunity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 59:111-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Loucif H, Dagenais-Lussier X, Beji C, Cassin L, Jrade H, Tellitchenko R, Routy JP, Olagnier D, van Grevenynghe J. Lipophagy confers a key metabolic advantage that ensures protective CD8A T-cell responses against HIV-1. Autophagy 2021; 17:3408-3423. [PMID: 33459125 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1874134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although macroautophagy/autophagy has been proposed as a critical defense mechanism against HIV-1 by targeting viral components for degradation, its contribution as a catabolic process in providing optimal anti-HIV-1 immunity has never been addressed. The failure to restore proper antiviral CD8A/CD8 T-cell immunity, especially against HIV-1, is still the major limitation of current antiretroviral therapies. Consequently, it is of clinical imperative to provide new strategies to enhance the function of HIV-1-specific CD8A T-cells in patients under antiretroviral treatments (ART). Here, we investigated whether targeting autophagy activity could be an optional solution to make this possible. Our data show that, after both polyclonal and HIV-1-specific activation, CD8A T-cells from ART displayed reduced autophagy-dependent degradation of lysosomal contents when compared to naturally HIV-1 protected elite controllers (EC). We further confirmed in EC, by using specific BECN1 gene silencing and lysosomal inhibitors, the critical role of active autophagy in superior CD8A T-cell protection against HIV-1. More importantly, we found that an IL21 treatment was effective in rescuing the antiviral CD8A T-cell immunity from ART in an autophagy-dependent manner. Finally, we established that IL21-dependent rescue occurred due to the enhanced degradation of endogenous lipids via autophagy, referred to as lipophagy, which fueled the cellular rates of mitochondrial beta-oxidation. In summary, our data show that autophagy/lipophagy can be considered as a therapeutic tool to elicit functional antiviral CD8 T-cell responses. Our results also provide additional insights toward the development of improved T-cell-based prevention and cure strategies against HIV-1.Abbreviations: ART: patients under antiretroviral therapy; BaF: bafilomycin A1; BECN1: beclin 1; CEF: cytomegalo-, Epstein-Barr- and flu-virus peptide pool; Chloro.: chloroquine; EC: elite controllers; FAO: fatty acid beta-oxidation; HIVneg: HIV-1-uninfected control donors; IFNG/IFN-γ: interferon gamma; IL21: interleukin 21; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Loucif
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie
| | - Xavier Dagenais-Lussier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie
| | - Cherifa Beji
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie
| | - Léna Cassin
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie
| | - Hani Jrade
- The Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Roman Tellitchenko
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service and Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Olagnier
- Department of Biomedicine, Research Center for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Julien van Grevenynghe
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie
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Loucif H, Dagenais-Lussier X, Beji C, Telittchenko R, Routy JP, van Grevenynghe J. Plasticity in T-cell mitochondrial metabolism: A necessary peacekeeper during the troubled times of persistent HIV-1 infection. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 55:26-36. [PMID: 32151523 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The notion of immuno-metabolism refers to the crosstalk between key metabolic pathways and the development/maintenance of protective immunity in the context of physiological processes and anti-microbial defenses. Enthusiasm for immuno-metabolism in the context of HIV-1 infection, especially among T-cell lineages, continues to grow over time as science opens new therapeutic perspectives to limit viral pathogenesis and to boost anti-viral responses. The idea of "metabolism as a therapeutic target" is called metabolic reprogramming and is based on the use of specific metabolism-targeting drugs that are currently available for cancer therapy. In this review, we will focus on the evidence that shows the key role of mitochondria, the cell's powerhouses, and their ability to use diverse metabolic resources (referred to as metabolic plasticity) in providing optimal immune T-cell protection among HIV-1-infected patients. Conversely, we highlight observations indicating that mitochondria metabolic dysfunction associated with excessive glucose dependency, a phenomenon reported as "Warburg effect", results in the inability to mount and maintain effective T-cell-dependent immunity during persistent HIV-1 infection. Therefore, helping mitochondria to regain the metabolic plasticity and allow specific T-cells to adapt and thrive under unfavorable environmental conditions during HIV-1 infection may represent the next generation of combinatory treatment options for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Loucif
- Institut National la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, H7V 1B7 QC, Canada
| | - Xavier Dagenais-Lussier
- Institut National la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, H7V 1B7 QC, Canada
| | - Cherifa Beji
- Institut National la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, H7V 1B7 QC, Canada
| | - Roman Telittchenko
- Institut National la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, H7V 1B7 QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service and Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Glen site, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julien van Grevenynghe
- Institut National la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, H7V 1B7 QC, Canada.
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Fabié A, Mai LT, Dagenais-Lussier X, Hammami A, van Grevenynghe J, Stäger S. IRF-5 Promotes Cell Death in CD4 T Cells during Chronic Infection. Cell Rep 2019; 24:1163-1175. [PMID: 30067973 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF-5) plays an important function in innate immunity and in initiating pro-inflammatory responses against pathogens. IRF-5 is constitutively expressed in several cell types, including plasmacytoid dendritic cells, monocytes, and B cells. We have previously reported that IRF-5 is also expressed in T cells during infection. The role of IRF-5 in T cells is yet unknown. Here, we demonstrate that IRF-5 is increasingly expressed in interferon (IFN)-γ+ CD4 T cells over the course of L. donovani infection. This transcription factor is induced by apoptotic material via Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and promotes the expression of death receptor 5 (DR5). IRF-5 activation sensitizes CD4 T cells to cell death. Because tissue disruption and chronic inflammation are common characteristics of persistent infections, activation of IRF-5 in CD4 T cells may represent a common pathway that leads to suppression of protective CD4 T cell responses, favoring the establishment of chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Fabié
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Linh Thuy Mai
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | | | - Akil Hammami
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | | | - Simona Stäger
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.
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Dagenais-Lussier X, Loucif H, Cadorel H, Blumberger J, Isnard S, Bego MG, Cohen ÉA, Routy JP, van Grevenynghe J. USP18 is a significant driver of memory CD4 T-cell reduced viability caused by type I IFN signaling during primary HIV-1 infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008060. [PMID: 31658294 PMCID: PMC6837632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss of Memory CD4 T-cells (Mem) is a major hallmark of HIV-1 immuno-pathogenesis and occurs early during the first months of primary infection. A lot of effort has been put into understanding the molecular mechanisms behind this loss, yet they still have not been fully identified. In this study, we unveil the unreported role of USP18 in the deleterious effects of sustained type I IFN signaling on Mem, including HIV-1-specific CD4 T-cells. We find that interfering with IFN-I signaling pathway in infected patients, notably by targeting the interferon-stimulated gene USP18, resulted in reduced PTEN expression similar to those observed in uninfected control donors. We show that AKT activation in response to cytokine treatment, T-cell receptor (TcR) triggering, as well as HIV-1 Gag stimulation was significantly improved in infected patients when PTEN or USP18 were inhibited. Finally, our data demonstrate that higher USP18 in Mem from infected patients prevent proper cell survival and long-lasting maintenance in an AKT-dependent manner. Altogether, we establish a direct role for type I IFN/USP18 signaling in the maintenance of total and virus-specific Mem and provide a new mechanism for the reduced survival of these populations during primary HIV-1 infection. In this study, we expend our knowledge of how type I interferons (IFN-I) leads to memory CD4 T-cell defective survival by unveiling the molecular mechanism behind such impairments, placing USP18 at its center. Our data further deciphers the specific USP18-related mechanism that is responsible for such impairments by implicating AKT inhibition in a PTEN-dependent manner. Our findings also point to a potential use of neutralizing anti-interferon α/β receptor antibodies to rescue the defective memory CD4 T-cell survival during HIV-1 infection, even in HIV-1 specific CD4 T-cell. To conclude, our findings provide the characterization of the molecular pathway leading to disturbances caused by sustained IFN-I signaling which occurs early during primary HIV-1 infection, complementing current knowledge which placed sustained IFN-I signaling as detrimental to the host during this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Dagenais-Lussier
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Hamza Loucif
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Hugo Cadorel
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Juliette Blumberger
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Isnard
- Chronic Viral Illness Service and Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Glen site, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mariana Gé Bego
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Éric A. Cohen
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service and Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Glen site, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julien van Grevenynghe
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Loucif H, Gouard S, Dagenais-Lussier X, Murira A, Stäger S, Tremblay C, Van Grevenynghe J. Deciphering natural control of HIV-1: A valuable strategy to achieve antiretroviral therapy termination. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 40:90-98. [PMID: 29778137 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced HIV-1-associated morbidity and mortality, and has transformed HIV-1 infection into a manageable chronic condition by suppressing viral replication. However, despite recent patient care improvements, ART still fails to cure HIV-1 infection due to the inability to counteract immune defects and metabolic disturbances that are associated with residual inflammation alongside viral persistence. Life-long drug administration also results in multiple side-effects in patients including lipodystrophy and insulin resistance. Thus, it is critical to find new ways to reduce the length of treatment and facilitate the termination of ART, for example by boosting protective immunity. The rare ability of some individuals to naturally control HIV-1 infection despite residual inflammation could be exploited to identify molecular mechanisms involved in host protection that may function as potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we highlight evidence illustrating the molecular and metabolic advantages of HIV-1 controllers over ART treated patients that contribute to the maintenance of effective antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Loucif
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, H7V 1B7, QC, Canada
| | - Steven Gouard
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, H7V 1B7, QC, Canada
| | - Xavier Dagenais-Lussier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, H7V 1B7, QC, Canada
| | - Armstrong Murira
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, H7V 1B7, QC, Canada
| | - Simona Stäger
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, H7V 1B7, QC, Canada
| | - Cécile Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Van Grevenynghe
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, H7V 1B7, QC, Canada.
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Aounallah M, Dagenais-Lussier X, El-Far M, Mehraj V, Jenabian MA, Routy JP, van Grevenynghe J. Current topics in HIV pathogenesis, part 2: Inflammation drives a Warburg-like effect on the metabolism of HIV-infected subjects. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 28:1-10. [PMID: 26851985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection leads to a depletion of CD4 T-cells associated with a persistent immune inflammation and changes in cellular metabolism. Most effort of managing HIV infection with combination of antiretroviral therapies (ART) has been focused on CD4 T-cell recovery, while control of persistent immune inflammation and metabolism were relatively underappreciated in the past. Recent discoveries on the interplay between innate immunity, inflammation (especially the inflammasome) and metabolic changes in the context of cancer and autoimmunity provide an emerging field for chronic viral infections including HIV-1. In a previous review, we described the deregulated metabolism contributing to immune dysfunctions such as alteration of memory T-cell responses, mucosal protection, and dendritic cell-related antigen presentation. Here, we summarize the latest knowledge on the detrimental influence of long-lasting inflammation and inflammasome activation induced by HIV-1, gut dysbiosis, and bacterial translocation, on metabolism during the course of viral infection. We also report on the inability of ART to fully counteract inflammation, resulting in partial metabolic improvement and leading to an insufficient decrease in the risk of non-AIDS events. Further advances in our understanding of the relationship between inflammation, altered metabolism, and long-term ART is warranted. Additionally, there is a critical need for developing new strategies to regulate the pro-inflammatory signals to enhance cellular metabolism and immune functions in order to improve the quality of life of individuals living with HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Aounallah
- INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | | | | | - Vikram Mehraj
- Division of Hematology and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Glen site, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Division of Hematology and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Glen site, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
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Dagenais-Lussier X, Mouna A, Routy JP, Tremblay C, Sekaly RP, El-Far M, Grevenynghe JV. Current topics in HIV-1 pathogenesis: The emergence of deregulated immuno-metabolism in HIV-infected subjects. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:603-13. [PMID: 26409789 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection results in long-lasting activation of the immune system including elevated production of pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokines, and bacterial product release from gut into blood and tissue compartments, which are not fully restored by antiretroviral therapies. HIV-1 has also developed numerous strategies via viral regulatory proteins to hijack cell molecular mechanisms to enhance its own replication and dissemination. Here, we reviewed the relationship between viral proteins, immune activation/inflammation, and deregulated metabolism occurring in HIV-1-infected patients that ultimately dampens the protective innate and adaptive arms of immunity. Defining precisely the molecular mechanisms related to deregulated immuno-metabolism during HIV-1 infection could ultimately help in the development of novel clinical approaches to restore proper immune functions in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aounallah Mouna
- INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Division of Hematology and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Glen site, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Julien van Grevenynghe
- INRS-Institut Armand Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada.
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