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Zhang JY, Zhong YH, Chen LM, Zhuo XL, Zhao LJ, Wang YT. Recent advance of small-molecule drugs for clinical treatment of osteoporosis: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115654. [PMID: 37467618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder typified by a reduction in bone mass and structural degradation of bone tissue, leading to heightened fragility and vulnerability to fractures. The incidence of osteoporosis increases with age, making it a significant public health challenge. The pathogenesis of osteoporosis involves an imbalance between osteoblast-mediated bone formation and resorption. The current treatment options for osteoporosis include bisphosphonates, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), and denosumab. The recent advances in small-molecule drugs for the clinical treatment of osteoporosis offer promising options for improving bone health and reducing fracture risk. This review aims to provide an overview of the clinical applications and synthetic routes of representative small-molecule drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis. A comprehensive understanding of the synthetic methods of drug molecules for osteoporosis may inspire the development of new, more effective, and practical synthetic techniques for treating this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, 450044, China
| | - Yi-Han Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China; Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liu-Zhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, 545005, China
| | - Lu-Ming Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liu-Zhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, 545005, China
| | - Xiang-Long Zhuo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/Liu-Zhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, 545005, China
| | - Li-Jie Zhao
- The Rogel Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
| | - Ya-Tao Wang
- First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Henan Province, Shangqiu, 476100, China; Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China.
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Zhong YH, Yang Q, Liu Z, Wang YF, Li L, Wen J, Liu LJ, Luo DH. [The value of MRI plain scan and DWI in the diagnosis of brain metastases]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2021; 43:466-471. [PMID: 33902209 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20190313-00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plain scan and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of brain metastases. Methods: The MRI plain imaging findings of 105 cases with brain metastases and 103 cases without brain metastases confirmed by enhanced MRI examination and clinical diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed. The comparisons of plain MRI findings including T1 weighted image (T1WI), T2WI, T2/fluid attenuated inversion recovery (T2/FLAIR), DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were made between brain metastases and non-brain metastases. Results: The numbers of hypo-intensity, iso-intensity, hyper-intensity and heterogeneous signal intensity of T1WI in the brain metastatic group were 54, 23, 9 and 19, respectively, while the numbers of hypo-intensity and iso-intensity in the non-brain metastatic group were 52 and 51, respectively, with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The numbers of hypo-intensity, iso-intensity, hyper-intensity and heterogeneous signal intensity of T2WI in the brain metastatic group were 1, 9, 72 and 23, respectively, while the numbers of iso-intensity and hyper-intensity in the non-brain metastatic group were 11 and 92, respectively, with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The numbers of hypo-intensity, hyper-intensity and heterogeneous signal intensity of DWI in the brain metastatic group were 4, 31 and 65, respectively, while the number of hyper-intensity in the non-brain metastatic group was 4 and others were iso-intensity, respectively, with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The numbers of hypo-intensity, iso-intensity, hyper-intensity and heterogeneous signal intensity of T2WI/FLAIR in the brain metastatic group were 4, 5, 60 and 36, respectively, while all cases in the non-brain metastatic group were hyper-intensity, with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The number of lesion accompanied with peripheral edema in the brain metastatic group were 69 cases, significantly higher than 0 cases in the non-brain metastatic group (P<0.001). The mean ADC value in the brain metastatic group were (0.919±0.019)×10(-3) mm(2)/s, significantly lower than (1.098±0.012)×10(-3) mm(2)/s of non-brain metastatic group (P<0.05). Conclusions: For patients with a history of primary malignancy, the MRI plain scan signals of T1WI, T2WI, T2WI/FLAIR and DWI are significantly different between brain metastatic tumor and non-metastatic tumor. The mixed signal, peripheral edema and the restriction of DWI diffusion indicate brain metastases. The combined application of the above parameters can improve the diagnostic efficacy of predicting brain metastases, and contrast enhancement MRI examination should be performed for the confirmation of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Zhong
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital&Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Q Yang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital&Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Z Liu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital&Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Y F Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital&Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - L Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital&Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - J Wen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital&Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - L J Liu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital&Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - D H Luo
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. Beijing 100021, China
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Wen J, Kang WY, Lin M, Li L, Li TR, Zhong YH, Luo DH. [Artificial intelligence evaluation of simulated phantom lung nodules with different pre-adaptive iteration techniques]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 99:3424-3427. [PMID: 31752472 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2019.43.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the detection rate of pulmonary nodules and the accuracy of automated measurement in chest simulation phantom by artificial intelligent computer-aided detection of pulmonary nodules with different pre-adaptive iterative techniques (ASIR-V) in wide-spectrum CT scanning. Methods: Sixteen pulmonary nodules with different diameters, densities and shapes were placed in the chest simulation phantom from December 2017 to March 2018. The weight of ASIR-V was set at 0%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% respectively by using Revolution CT broadband energy spectrum scanning protocol. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the dose volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) of each group. Scanning data were imported into Tuma Shenwei artificial pulmonary nodule analysis software to evaluate the nature of the detected nodules, and ICC was used to detect the differences among groups. Results: With the increase of ASIR-V weight, the effective dose of patients decreased gradually. CTDIvol of five groups of radiation dose volume CT dose index was 7.93, 7.24, 5.85, 5.15, 3.76 mGy,dose-length product DLP was 379, 346, 280, 246, 179 mGy·cm.There was a linear negative correlation between ASIR-V weights and CTDIvol as well as DLP, r value was-0.969, P<0.01.There was no significant difference in the detection rate of pulmonary nodules between AI and physicians (P>0.05). There was high intraclass correlation coefficients for the diameter, volume, CT value and malignant percentage of pulmonary nodules (ICCs:0.981-1.000). Conclusions: Radiation dose of unenhanced chest CT scan using wide detector spectral imaging decreased with the increasing of preset ASIR-V. Lung nodule detection rate and evaluation performance can be maintained well by using ASIR-V reconstructions at lower radiation dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wen
- Nation Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - W Y Kang
- Nation Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - M Lin
- Nation Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - L Li
- Nation Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - T R Li
- Nation Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Y H Zhong
- Nation Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - D H Luo
- Nation Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China
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Chen HT, Deng SQ, Li ZY, Wang ZL, Li Q, Gao JK, Zhong YH, Suo DM, Lu LN, Pan SL, Chen HX, Cui YY, Fan JH, Wen JY, Zhong LR, Han FZ, Wang YH, Hu SJ, Liu PP. [Investigation of pregestational diabetes mellitus in 15 hospitals in Guangdong province]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2017; 52:436-442. [PMID: 28797149 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-567x.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the morbidity, diagnostic profile and perinatal outcome of pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) in 15 hospitals in Guangdong province. Methods: A total of 41 338 women delivered in the 15 hospitals during the 6 months, 195 women with PGDM (PGDM group) and 195 women with normal glucose test result (control group) were recruited from these tertiary hospitals in Guangdong province from January 2016 to June 2016. The morbidity and diagnostic profile of PGDM were analyzed. The complications during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes were compared between the two groups. In the PGDM group, pregnancy outcomes were analyzed in women who used insulin treatment (n=91) and women who did not (n=104). Results: (1) The incidence of PGDM was 0.472%(195/41 338). Diabetes mellitus were diagnosed in 59 women (30.3%, 59/195) before pregnancy, and 136 women (69.7%,136/195) were diagnosed as PGDM after conceptions. Forty-six women (33.8%) were diagnosed by fasting glucose and glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) screening. (2) The maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) , prenatal BMI, percentage of family history of diabetes, incidence of macrosomia, concentration of low density lipoprotein were significantly higher in PGDM group than those in control group (all P<0.05). Women in PGDM group had significantly higher HbA1c concentration ((6.3±1.3)% vs (5.2±0.4)%) , fasting glucose [(6.3±2.3) vs (4.8±1.1) mmol/L], oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) -1 h glucose ((12.6±2.9) vs (7.1±1.3) mmol/L) and OGTT-2 h glucose [(12.0±3.0) vs (6.4±1.0) mmol/L] than those in control group (P<0.01). (3) The morbidity of preterm births was significantly higher (11.3% vs 1.0%, P<0.01), and the gestational age at delivery in PGDM group was significantly smaller [(37.6±2.3) vs (39.2±1.2) weeks, P<0.01]. Cesarean delivery rate in the PGDM group (70.8% vs 29.7%) was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.01). There was significantly difference between PGDM group and control in the neonatal male/female ratio (98/97 vs 111/84, P=0.033). The neonatal birth weight in PGDM group was significantly higher ((3 159±700) vs (3 451±423) g, P<0.01) . And the incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia in the PGDM group was higher than the control group (7.7% vs 2.6%, P=0.036). (4) In the PGDM group, women who were treated with insulin had a smaller gestational age at delivery [(36.9±2.9) vs (37.9±2.5) weeks, P<0.01], and the neonates had a higher neonatal ICU (NICU) admission rate (24.2% vs 9.6%, P<0.01). Conclusions: The morbidity of PGDM in the 15 hospitals in Guangdong province is 0.472%. The majority of PGDM was diagnosed during pregnancy; HbA1c and fasting glucose are reliable parameters for PGDM screening. Women with PGDM have obvious family history of diabetes and repeated pregnancy may accelerate the process of diabetes mellitus. Women with PGDM have higher risk for preterm delivery and neonatal hypoglycemia. Unsatisfied glucose control followed by insulin treatment may increase the need for NICU admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Zhong YH, Fang Y, Zhou JZ, Tang Y, Gong SM, Ding XQ. Effectiveness and safety of patient initiated single-dose versus continuous low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled study. J Int Med Res 2012; 39:2335-43. [PMID: 22289552 DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated patient-initiated single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis and continuous long-term low-dose daily antibiotic use for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) in 68 postmenopausal women. The women were randomized to take a low-dose antibiotic each night (continuous group, n = 37) or a single-dose antibiotic each time they experienced conditions predisposing to UTI (intermittent group, n = 31). During the 12-month study, 1.4 and 1.9 UTIs/patient developed in the continuous and the intermittent groups, respectively, which was significantly lower than the incidence of UTIs in the previous 12 months in these patients (4.7 and 5.1 UTIs/patient, respectively). The incidence of gastro intestinal adverse events was significantly lower in the intermittent group compared with the continuous group (9.1% versus 30.0%). In conclusion, patient-initiated single-dose intermittent antibiotic prophylaxis was as effective as low-dose daily antibiotic prophylaxis in the treatment of recurrent UTIs in post menopausal women and was associated with fewer gastrointestinal adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 156 clinically-stable peritoneal dialysis patients to identify the factors associated with sodium removal. Serum biochemistry, peritoneal function (modified peritoneal equilibration test [PET]) and the adequacy of dialysis were analysed in relation to sodium removal using multivariate linear regression. Factors significantly affecting peritoneal sodium removal included infusion volume and ultrafiltration volume per 24 h, sodium dip in the first hour of PET and sodium difference between serum and fresh dialysate. Factors significantly affecting total sodium removal included ultrafiltration and urine volume per 24 h, sodium dip in the first hour of PET and sodium difference between serum and fresh dialysate. With traditional dialysate, adequate fluid removal is required to ensure sufficient sodium removal, but a low-sodium dialysate may prevent sodium retention. Sodium removal should be included in evaluation of the adequacy of dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Shan
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Hu Y, Ouyang W, Wu F, Cao CH, Wang K, Liao ZK, Zhong YH, Zhou FX, Liu SQ, Xia L, Zhou YF, Xie CH. Enhanced radiosensitivity of SW480 cells via TRAIL up-regulation mediated by Egr-1 promoter. Oncol Rep 2009; 22:765-71. [PMID: 19724854 DOI: 10.3892/or_00000498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiosensitization of cancer cells to irradiation could improve the efficacy of radiotherapy. The early transcriptional factor (Egr-1) promoter induced expression of downstream genes after irradiation. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is known to induce apoptosis in malignant cells, but displayed little or no toxicity on normal cells. In this study, we constructed pcDNA3.1-Egr-1-TRAIL (pEgr.1-TRAIL) recombinant plasmid and evaluated its effect on human colon cancer cell line SW480. pEgr.1-TRAIL transfection combined with radiotherapy caused dramatically elevation of TRAIL expression both in mRNA and protein levels, much lower radiobiological parameters in clonogenic assays, accompanied by remarkably increase in apoptosis ratio. Furthermore, pEgr.1-TRAIL transfected cells displayed higher proportion in G0/G1 phase. Our results suggested that pEgr.1-TRAIL can sensitize SW480 cells to radiation, and the radiosensitization is related to cell cycle changes and apoptosis mediated by up-regulation of TRAIL expression. These findings support the potential future application of genetic radiotherapy against carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
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Qu FJ, Zhou XD, Wang XL, Li F, Lu XD, Liu YG, Zhong YH, Yang HA, Ni SL. The classification of posterior petrous meningiomas and its clinical significance. J Int Med Res 2009; 37:949-57. [PMID: 19589281 DOI: 10.1177/147323000903700341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This retrospective analysis of the clinical records of 42 patients was used to study the clinical significance of a classification system for posterior petrous meningiomas. According to clinical manifestations and radiological images, posterior petrous meningiomas were classified into three types: type I (cerebella type; 12 patients), tumours involved and compressed the cerebellum; type II (cranial nerve type; 16 patients), tumours involved the cranial nerves; and type III (combined type; 14 patients), tumours involved more than one structure such as the cerebellum, cranial nerves and the brain stem. All patients underwent microneurosurgery and the total resection rate was 90%. It was more difficult totally to resect type II and III tumours than type I tumours and the post-operative functional outcomes were worse. Microneurosurgical techniques and skills are critical to increase the total resection rate of posterior petrous meningiomas in order to decrease the mortality and disability rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Wu F, Hu Y, Long J, Zhou YJ, Zhong YH, Liao ZK, Liu SQ, Zhou FX, Zhou YF, Xie CH. Cytotoxicity and radiosensitization effect of TRA-8 on radioresistant human larynx squamous carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2009; 21:461-465. [PMID: 19148523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
TRAIL induces apoptosis in a variety of tumorigenic and transformed cell lines, but not in many normal cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that death receptor 5 (DR5), one of the two death receptors bound by TRAIL, showed expression in most malignantly transformed cells. This study evaluated effects of a monoclonal antibody (TRA-8) to human death receptor 5, combined with ionizing radiation, on radioresistant human larynx squamous carcinoma cell line (Hep-2R). Cells were treated with TRA-8 alone or in combination with radiation, cell viability inhibition was measured by MTT assay, and the induction of apoptosis was determined by Annexin V staining. Radionsensitivity of Hep-2R cells treated with TRA-8 were investigated with long-term clonogenic assays. Regulation of DR5 expression in cells after radiation was analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence using murine TRA-8 in combination with flow cytometry. The results suggested that TRA-8 enhanced radionsensitivity of Hep-2R cells, and that TRA-8 regulated Hep-2R cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Irradiation up-regulated the expression of DR5, and when combined with TRA-8 yielded optimal survival benefit. Therefore, TRA-8 can be used in combination with irradiation in radioresistant human larynx squamous carcinoma cells. Monoclonal antibodies such as TRA-8 may play an important role in the development of an effective treatment strategy for patients with radioresistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
AIMS To inhibit xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) in Trichoderma reesei by antisense inhibition strategy and construct novel strains capable of accumulating xylitol. METHODS AND RESULTS The xdh1 antisense expression plasmid pGTA-xdh was constructed by inserting xdh1 DNA fragment inversely between the gpdA promoter and the trpC terminator from Aspergillus nidulans into a pUC19 plasmid backbone. Trichoderma reesei protoplasts were co-transformated with pGTA-xdh and hygromycin B resistance plasmid pAN7-1. Of 20 transformants screened from the selective medium, one transformant with the highest xylitol accumulation, designated ZY15, showed a distinct reduction (c. 52%) in XDH activity compared with the original strain Rut-C30. The results of Southern hybridization and PCR assay showed that the antisense expression cassette of xdh1 was integrated into the genome of T. reesei. The RT-PCR analysis proved that antisense RNA effectively inhibited XDH expression (c. 65%). Xylitol accumulation (2.37 mg ml(-1)) of ZY15 was five times higher than that (0.46 mg ml(-1)) of the original strain Rut-C30. CONCLUSIONS Strain ZY15 successfully downregulated XDH production and exhibited xylitol accumulation in xylose liquid medium. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study contributed to the budding field of fungal genetics in two points. First, it confirmed that antisense RNA strategy could be used as a means of reducing gene expression in the filamentous fungus T. reesei. Secondly, it verified that the strategy appears most promising for creating novel filamentous fungi strains capable of accumulating intermediary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Tang GH, Zhong YH, Ma YM, Luo L, Cui K, Luo J, Zhang GH, An IM, Luo DC, Qiu SH. Vasectomy and health: cardiovascular and other diseases following vasectomy in Sichuan province, People's Republic of China. Int J Epidemiol 1988; 17:608-17. [PMID: 3209341 DOI: 10.1093/ije/17.3.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term sequelae of vasectomy were studied in a retrospective cohort study of 4596 vasectomized and 4340 nonvasectomized farmers from eight rural communes in Sichuan, People's Republic of China. The mean duration since the operation was 14.5 years with a range of 10 to 25 years. At the time of evaluation the vasectomized men were generally healthier than the non-vasectomized for a wide range of health indicators including clinical signs of cardiovascular disease, resting ECG changes, positive ECG changes following a maximal stress test, or fundus abnormalities. The lack of association between vasectomy and cardiovascular disease noted in Europe and the USA is supported by the present study conducted in a population with a low prevalence of cardiovascular disease and risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Tang
- Sichuan Provincial Family Planning Research Institute, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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