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Hu X, Feng G, Chen Q, Sang Y, Chen Q, Wang S, Liu S, Bai L, Zhu Y. The impact and inflammatory characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection during ovarian stimulation on the outcomes of assisted reproductive treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1353068. [PMID: 38726341 PMCID: PMC11079226 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1353068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite the global prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), limited research has been conducted on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on human reproduction. The aims of this study were to investigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) on the outcomes of assisted reproductive treatment (ART) and the cytokine status of patients. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 202 couples who received ART treatment, 101 couples infected with SARS-CoV-2 during COS and 101 matched uninfected couples. The parameters of ovarian stimulation and pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups. The All-Human Inflammation Array Q3 kit was utilized to measure cytokine levels in both blood and follicular fluid. Results No difference was found in the number of good-quality embryos (3.3 ± 3.1 vs. 3.0 ± 2.2, P = 0.553) between the infected and uninfected groups. Among couples who received fresh embryo transfers, no difference was observed in clinical pregnancy rate (53.3% vs. 51.5%, P = 0.907). The rates of fertilization, implantation, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy and live birth were also comparable between the two groups. After adjustments were made for confounders, regression models indicated that the quality of embryos (B = 0.16, P = 0.605) and clinical pregnancy rate (P = 0.206) remained unaffected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. The serum levels of MCP-1, TIMP-1, I-309, TNF-RI and TNF-RII were increased, while that of eotaxin-2 was decreased in COVID-19 patients. No significant difference was found in the levels of cytokines in follicular fluid between the two groups. Conclusion Asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 during COS had no adverse effects on ART outcomes. Although mild inflammation was present in the serum, it was not detected in the follicular fluid of these patients. The subsequent immune response needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Hu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guofang Feng
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qichao Chen
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yimiao Sang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sisi Wang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuangying Liu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Long Bai
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Chen Q, Chen Q, Song Y, Xiang Y, Li Q, Sang Y, Zhang L, Bai L, Zhu Y. Downregulation of homeobox A1 in human granulosa cells is involved in diminished ovarian reserve through promoting cell apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 580:112084. [PMID: 37923054 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Granulosa cell apoptosis contributes to the occurrence of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). HOXA1, belonging to the HOX gene family, is involved in regulating cancer cell apoptosis. However, whether HOXA1 participates in the granulosa cell apoptosis in DOR patients remains to be elucidated. In the current study, we demonstrated the differential transcriptomic landscape of granulosa cells in DOR patients compared to that in the controls and identified decreased expression of the HOXA1 gene. Meanwhile, we found that HOXA1 was a gonadotropin-response gene, in which FSH could promote its expression, whereas LH inhibited HOXA1 expression in human granulosa cells. CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and TUNEL staining results showed that inhibition of endogenous HOXA1 expression promoted human granulosa cell apoptosis. Moreover, knockdown of HOXA1 increased Bax while reducing Bcl2 protein expression. Furthermore, we found a total of 947 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 426 upregulated genes and 521 downregulated genes using transcriptome sequencing technology. Enrichment analysis results showed that the DEGs were involved in apoptosis and mitochondrial function-related signaling pathways. Knockdown of HOXA1 impaired mitochondrial functions, exhibiting increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP production and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, and abnormal mitochondrial cristae. Our findings demonstrated that aberrantly reduced HOXA1 expression induced granulosa cell apoptosis in DOR patients and impaired mitochondrial function, which highlighted the potential role of HOXA1 in the occurrence of DOR and provided new insight for the treatment of DOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Chen
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qichao Chen
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qingfang Li
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yimiao Sang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Long Bai
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China; Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Bai L, Xiang Y, Tang M, Liu S, Chen Q, Chen Q, Zhang M, Wan S, Sang Y, Li Q, Wang S, Li Z, Song Y, Hu X, Mao L, Feng G, Cui L, Ye Y, Zhu Y. ALKBH5 controls the meiosis-coupled mRNA clearance in oocytes by removing the N 6-methyladenosine methylation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6532. [PMID: 37848452 PMCID: PMC10582257 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) maintains maternal RNA stability in oocytes. One regulator of m6A, ALKBH5, reverses m6A deposition and is essential in RNA metabolism. However, the specific role of ALKBH5 in oocyte maturation remains elusive. Here, we show that Alkbh5 depletion causes a wide range of defects in oocyte meiosis and results in female infertility. Temporal profiling of the maternal transcriptomes revealed striking RNA accumulation in Alkbh5-/- oocytes during meiotic maturation. Analysis of m6A dynamics demonstrated that ALKBH5-mediated m6A demethylation ensures the timely degradation of maternal RNAs, which is severely disrupted following Alkbh5-/- depletion. A distinct subset of transcripts with persistent m6A peaks are recognized by the m6A reader IGF2BP2 and thus remain stabilized, resulting in impaired RNA clearance. Additionally, reducing IGF2BP2 in Alkbh5-depleted oocytes partially rescued these defects. Overall, this work identifies ALKBH5 as a key determinant of oocyte quality and unveil the facilitating role of ALKBH5-mediated m6A removal in maternal RNA decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bai
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Minyue Tang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Shuangying Liu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Qichao Chen
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Shan Wan
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Yimiao Sang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Qingfang Li
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Sisi Wang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Zhekun Li
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Luna Mao
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Guofang Feng
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Long Cui
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Yinghui Ye
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
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Li Q, Sang Y, Chen Q, Ye B, Zhou X, Zhu Y. Integrated bioinformatics analysis elucidates granulosa cell whole-transcriptome landscape of PCOS in China. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:154. [PMID: 37537636 PMCID: PMC10398987 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive, neuroendocrine, and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age that affects up to 5-10% of women of reproductive age. The aetiology of follicle development arrest and critical issues regarding the abnormal follicular development in PCOS remain unclear. The present study aims to systematically evaluate granulosa cell whole-transcriptome sequencing data to gain more insights into the transcriptomic landscape and molecular mechanism of PCOS in China. METHODS In the present study, the microarray datasets GSE138518, GSE168404, GSE193123, GSE138572, GSE95728, and GSE145296 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Subsequently, differential expression analysis was performed on the PCOS and control groups, followed by functional interaction prediction analysis to investigate gene-regulatory circuits in PCOS. Finally, hub genes and their associated ncRNAs were validated by qPCR in human-luteinized granulosa (hGL) cells and were correlated with the clinical characteristics of the patients. RESULTS A total of 200 differentially expressed mRNAs, 3 differentially expressed miRNAs, 52 differentially expressed lncRNAs, and 66 differentially expressed circRNAs were found in PCOS samples compared with controls. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that the DEGs were mostly enriched in phospholipid metabolic processes, steroid biosynthesis and inflammation related pathways. In addition, the upregulated miRNA hsa-miR-205-5p was significantly enriched in the ceRNA network, and two hub genes, MVD and PNPLA3, were regulated by hsa-miR-205-5p, which means that hsa-miR-205-5p may play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. We also found that MVD and PNPLA3 were related to metabolic processes and ovarian steroidogenesis, which may be the cause of the follicle development arrest in PCOS patients. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we systematically constructed a ceRNA network depicting the interactions between the ncRNAs and the hub genes in PCOS and control subjects and correlated the hub genes with the clinical characteristics of the patients, which provides valuable insights into the granulosa cell whole-transcriptome landscape of PCOS in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Li
- School of Medicine, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006 China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Yimiao Sang
- School of Medicine, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006 China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- School of Medicine, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006 China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Bingru Ye
- School of Medicine, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006 China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhou
- School of Medicine, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006 China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- School of Medicine, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006 China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006 China
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Zhu K, Chen Y, Sang Y, Chen Q, Wang G, Zhu B, Lin T, Mao L, Zhu Y. Serum steroid metabolome on the day of oocyte retrieval in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome and its association with pregnancy outcome of in vitro fertilization. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 231:106311. [PMID: 37060931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormone level is a crucial factor affecting the outcomes of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI). The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum steroid metabolome on the day of oocyte retrieval in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and explore whether specific steroids can be potential indicators to improve the prediction of pregnancy outcomes in PCOS patients undergoing IVF/ICSI. In this study, the serum levels of 21 steroids in 89 women with PCOS and 73 control women without PCOS on the day of oocyte retrieval of the first IVF/ICSI treatment cycle were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). All patients subsequently received good-quality embryo transfer, and the correlation between their steroid profiles and pregnancy outcomes of the first embryo transfer (ET) was retrospectively analyzed. We found PCOS patients had aberrant levels of 11 out of 21 steroid hormones compared to control individuals, with androgen steroid hormones being considerably enhanced. Enzyme activity evaluation indicated that PCOS women might have abnormal activity of CYP17A1, CYP21A2, CYP11B2, CYP19A1, HSD3B, HSD11B, and HSD17B. Additionally, the level of 18-hydroxycorticosterone (p = 0.014), corticosterone (p = 0.035), and 17-hydroxypregnenolone (p = 0.005) were markedly higher in live birth group than in non- live birth group for PCOS women following frozen embryo transfer (FET). Multiple logistic regressions indicated that 18-hydrocorticosterone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone were independently associated with live birth outcomes of PCOS women following FET. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that 0.595ng/mL for 18-hydrocorticosterone level (AUC: 0.6936, p = 0.014).and 2.829ng/mL for 17-hydroxypregnenolone level (AUC: 0.7215, p = 0.005) were the best cutoff values to predict live birth outcomes of PCOS. In conclusion, the blood steroid metabolome was closely related to the IVF/ICSI outcomes of PCOS patients. 18-hydroxycorticosterone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone might be potential indicators to predict pregnancy outcomes of PCOS undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS: The data used in the current study are available from the database of Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University on reasonable request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunwen Chen
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yimiao Sang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guiquan Wang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Lin
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luna Mao
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310002, Zhejiang, China.
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6
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Wan S, Chen Q, Xiang Y, Sang Y, Tang M, Song Y, Feng G, Ye B, Bai L, Zhu Y. Interleukin-1 increases cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 production in human granulosa-lutein cell via nuclear factor kappa B/P65 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathways. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 566-567:111891. [PMID: 36801432 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
A multitude of cytokines have been reported to participate in the folliculogenesis process in female. Interleukin-1 (IL-1), belonging to interleukin family, is originally identified as an important immune factor involved in inflammation response. Besides the immunity system, IL-1 is also expressed in reproductive system. However, the role of IL-1 in regulating ovarian follicle function remains to be elucidated. In the current study, using the primary human granulosa-lutein (hGL) and immortalized human granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN) models, we demonstrated that both IL-1α and IL-1β increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production via upregulating its cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme COX-2 expression in human granulosa cells. Mechanistically, IL-1α and IL-1β treatment activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Using the specific siRNA to knock down endogenous gene expression, we found that the inhibition of p65 expression abolished IL-1α and IL-1β-induced upregulation of COX-2 expression whereas knockdown of p50 and p52 had no effect. Moreover, our results also showed that IL-1α and IL-1β promoted the nuclear translocation of p65. ChIP assay demonstrated the transcriptional regulation of p65 on COX-2 expression. Additionally, we also found that IL-1α and IL-1β could activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway. The inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling pathway activation reversed IL-1α and IL-1β-induced upregulation of COX-2 expression. Our findings shed light on the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which IL-1 modulates the COX-2 expression through NF-κB/P65 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in human granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wan
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310002, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310002, China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310002, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310002, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310002, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310002, China
| | - Yimiao Sang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310002, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310002, China
| | - Minyue Tang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310002, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310002, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310002, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310002, China
| | - Guofang Feng
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310002, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310002, China
| | - Bingru Ye
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310002, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310002, China
| | - Long Bai
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310002, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310002, China.
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310002, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310002, China.
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7
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Sang Y, McNitt-Gray M, Yang Y, Cao M, Low D, Ruan D. Inference-Time Adaptation for Improved Transfer Ability and Generalization in Deformable Image Registration Deep Learning. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Battin-Leclerc F, Delort N, Meziane I, Herbinet O, Sang Y, Li Y. Possible use as biofuels of monoaromatic oxygenates produced by lignin catalytic conversion: A review. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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9
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You J, Wang W, Chang HM, Yi Y, Zhao H, Zhu H, Sun Y, Tang M, Wang C, Sang Y, Feng G, Cheng S, Leung PCK, Zhu YM. The BMP2 Signaling Axis Promotes Invasive Differentiation of Human Trophoblasts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:607332. [PMID: 33614644 PMCID: PMC7889606 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.607332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryo implantation and trophoblast invasion are principal limiting factors of pregnancy establishment. Aberrant embryo development or improper trophoblast differentiation and invasion may lead to various unfavorable pregnancy-related outcomes, including early pregnancy loss (EPL). Our clinical data show that the serum BMP2 levels were significantly increased during the first trimester of pregnancy and that the serum and BMP2 expression levels were lower in women with EPL than in women with normal early pregnancies. Moreover, we observed that BMP2 was expressed in oocytes and trophoblast cells of cleaved embryos and blastocysts prior to implantation in both humans and mice. Exogenous BMP2 promoted embryonic development by enhancing blastocyst formation and hatching in mice. LncRNA NR026833.1 was upregulated by BMP2 and promoted SNAIL expression by competitively binding to miR-502-5p. SNAIL induced MMP2 expression and promoted cell invasion in primary extravillous trophoblast cells. BMP2 promotes the invasive differentiation of mouse trophoblast stem cells by downregulating the expression of TS cell marker and upregulating the expression of trophoblast giant cell marker and labyrinthine/spongiotrophoblast marker. Our findings provide significant insights into the regulatory roles of BMP2 in the development of the placenta, which may give us a framework to explore new therapeutic strategies to pregnancy-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali You
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuyin Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hongjin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minyue Tang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yimiao Sang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guofang Feng
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaobing Cheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yi-Min Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Wang W, Sang Y, Liu J, Liang X, Guo S, Liu L, Yuan Q, Xing C, Pan S, Wang L. Identification of novel monoclonal antibodies targeting the outer membrane protein C and lipopolysaccharides for Escherichia coli O157:H7 detection. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1245-1258. [PMID: 32910517 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify and evaluate the application of two novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2G12 against outer membrane protein (Omp) C and mAb 12B1 targeting the O chain of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ECO157). METHODS AND RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of these two antibodies were evaluated with eight ECO157 strains and 68 untargeted strains. mAb 2G12 and 12B1 had no detectable binding with any of the non-O157 strains at 6·0 log10 CFU per ml, while its high specificity and affinity remained with all ECO157 strains. When a higher level (8·0 log10 CFU per ml) was tested, 2G12 and 12B1 did not react with 82·35 and 97·06% of the non-O157 strains respectively. Based on the pair of two antibodies, the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detected 100% (8/8) of ECO157 strains and none of the non-ECO157 strains. The detection limit of ECO157 strains in pure culture were 4·2 ± 0·2 log10 CFU per ml. When the developed test was applied to artificially inoculated beef samples, the detection limit was 6·0 log10 CFU per gram without enrichment and 1·0 log10 CFU per gram after 12 h of enrichment. CONCLUSIONS The two novel antibodies identified in this study served as great candidates for the recovery, and detection of ECO157 from different environmental and food samples. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY ECO157-specific detection was improved by a combination of the novel OmpC mAb and LPS mAb with defined target antigen and good specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Y Sang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - J Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - X Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - S Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - L Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Q Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - C Xing
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance & Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - S Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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11
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Sang Y, Gu X, Pan L, Zhang C, Rong X, Wu T, Xia T, Li Y, Ge L, Zhang Y, Chu M. Melatonin Ameliorates Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Myocarditis by Regulating Apoptosis and Autophagy. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1384. [PMID: 30564119 PMCID: PMC6288359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutics options for viral myocarditis are unsatisfactory. Melatonin (MLT), a hormone secreted by the pineal gland and other organs, has protective effects on ischemic heart injury. However, the potential therapeutic effect of MLT on viral myocarditis is unknown. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of MLT on viral myocarditis in a mouse model of myocarditis infected with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and explored the probable mechanisms. Mice with CVB3-induced myocarditis displayed inflammatory cell infiltration and interstitial edema. MLT treatment significantly ameliorated the myocardial injuries. In addition, the rate of autophagy changed, although apoptosis was inhibited in mouse hearts following treatment with MLT. These results suggest that MLT has a strong therapeutic effect on acute viral myocarditis, which is associated with changes in autophagy and apoptosis in the heart. Thus, MLT could be a promising novel therapeutic approach against viral myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimiao Sang
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Gu
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lulu Pan
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Child Health Manage Department, Maternal and Child Health Care Institution, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Xing Rong
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tianhe Xia
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuechun Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lisha Ge
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuanhai Zhang
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Maoping Chu
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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12
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Abstract
Co-occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common mycotoxin contaminations in cereal crops and food ingredients. However, the mechanism of their combined toxicity is poorly understood. In the current investigation, the hepatoma HepG2/C3A cell line was used to explore the combined cytotoxicity of AFB1 and DON. The values of IC50, based on a sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, were 4.5 mM and 18.7 mM for DON and AFB1, respectively. The analysis of cytotoxicity endpoints using the combination index (CI) theory revealed that the changes of mitochondrial membrane permeability and ATP resulted from an additive cytotoxic effect (CI≈1) of AFB1 and DON. However, the endpoints of double strand DNA (ds-DNA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell viability (SRB) were synergistically (CI<1) affected in a dose-dependent manner. RNA-seq analysis demonstrated a number of uniquely expressed genes in their combination (AFB1: 2.5 mM, DON: 0.56 mM), indicating a synergistic interaction between AFB1 and DON at a molecular level. Additional transcriptomics analysis showed that the endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated JNK/p38/MAPK pathway was induced by DON, whereas the p53 signalling pathway was activated by AFB1. The expression profiles of apoptosis-related genes caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 suggested a mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway that was shared between AFB1 and DON. Thus, different cytotoxicity pathways and their converging at the apoptotic process might be the mechanism of the additive/synergistic cytotoxicity of AFB1 and DON to HepG2/C3A cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R
| | - Y. Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R
| | - G. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China P.R
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13
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Pan Q, Sang Y, Sun C, Li G, Wang Y. KCNQ1 A340E impairs electrolyte homeostasis independently of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in mice. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15. [DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15038802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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14
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Abstract
We quantitatively discuss the influence of quenched disorder on the ferromagnetic quantum phase transition in metals, using a theory that describes the coupling of the magnetization to gapless fermionic excitations. In clean systems, the transition is first order below a tricritical temperature T_{tc}. Quenched disorder is predicted to suppress T_{tc} until it vanishes for residual resistivities ρ_{0} on the order of several μΩ cm for typical quantum ferromagnets. We discuss experiments that allow us to distinguish the mechanism considered from other possible realizations of a first-order transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sang
- Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - D Belitz
- Department of Physics and Institute of Theoretical Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - T R Kirkpatrick
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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15
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Liu H, Zhang H, Wan G, Sang Y, Chang Y, Wang X, Zeng H. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio: a novel predictor for short-term prognosis in acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure. J Viral Hepat 2014; 21:499-507. [PMID: 24750274 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACHBLF) has a poor prognosis in patients with hepatitis B virus infection. The role of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which reflects the inflammatory status of the patient before treatment, has never been studied in this setting. To investigate the predictive value of NLR in patients with ACHBLF, a retrospective cohort with 216 patients and a prospective validation cohort with 73 patients were recruited. Multivariate analyses showed that total bilirubin (TBIL), NLR, age and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score had prognostic significance for survival. Both NLR (0.781) and MELD score (0.744) had higher ROC curves, which differed significantly from those for age (0.615) and TBIL (0.691), but not from each other (P = 0.94). NLR ≤ 2.36 predicted lower mortality (with 91.6% sensitivity and 86.0% negative predictive value), and NLR >6.12 was a warning sign for higher mortality risk (with 90.1% specificity and 80.3% positive predictive value). These results demonstrated that pretreatment NLR was associated with the prognosis of patients with ACHBLF, and elevated NLR predicted poor outcome within 8 weeks. We suggest that NLR cut-offs of ≤ 2.36 and >6.12 are powerful markers for predicting mortality in ACHBLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Liu
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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16
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Turin TC, Matsushita K, Coresh J, Arima H, Chadban SJ, Cirillo M, Djurdjev O, Green JA, Irie F, Ix JH, Kovesdy CP, Ohkubo T, Shankar A, Wen CP, De Jong PE, Iseki K, Stengel B, Gansevoort RT, De Nicola L, Donfrancesco C, Minutolo R, Iacoviello L, Zoccali C, Gesualdo L, Conte G, Vanuzzo D, Giampaoli S, Gorriz JL, Molina-Vila P, Nieto J, Bover J, Martinez-Castelao A, Martinde Francisco AL, Barril G, Del Pino MD, Escudero V, Coresh J, Matsushita K, Sang Y, Ballew SH, Appel LJ, Green JA, Heine GH, Inker LA, Ishani A, Marks A, Shalev V, Turin TC, Iseki K, Levey AS, Sedaghat S, Mattace-Raso FUS, Uitterlinden AG, Hoorn EJ, Hofman A, Ikram MA, Franco OH, Dehghan A. CKD EPIDEMIOLOGY. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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Xu S, Feng Z, Zhang M, Wu Y, Sang Y, Xu H, Lv X, Hu K, Cao J, Zhang R, Chen L, Liu M, Yun JP, Zeng YX, Kang T. hSSB1 binds and protects p21 from ubiquitin-mediated degradation and positively correlates with p21 in human hepatocellular carcinomas. Oncogene 2011; 30:2219-29. [PMID: 21242961 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Downregulation of hSSB1, a single-stranded DNA-binding protein, causes increased radiosensitivity, defective checkpoint activation and genomic instability. However, the mechanisms of hSSB1 function in these responses remain to be uncovered. Here, we present evidence that hSSB1 directly binds p21 and this interaction may prevent p21 from ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Furthermore, both promotion of the G1/S transition and abrogation of the G2/M checkpoints induced by hSSB1 knockdown are partially dependent on p21. Most importantly, hSSB1 and p21 levels are positively correlated in human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), as determined by immunostaining. Therefore, hSSB1 may positively modulate p21 to regulate cell cycle progression and DNA damage response, implicating hSSB1 as a novel, promising therapeutic target for cancers such as HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Abstract
We model friction acting on the tip of an atomic force microscope as it is dragged across a surface at nonzero temperatures. We find that stick-slip motion occurs and that the average frictional force follows (absolute value lnv)(2/3), where v is the tip velocity. This compares well to recent experimental work, permitting the quantitative extraction of all microscopic parameters. We calculate the scaled form of the average frictional force's dependence on both temperature and tip speed as well as the form of the friction-force distribution function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sang
- Centre for the Physics of Materials, Physics Department, Rutherford Building, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2T8 Canada
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19
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Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) has been implicated in various processes, including signal transduction, membrane trafficking, and membrane degradation. Multiple forms of PLD with distinct biochemical properties have been described in the cell. In Arabidopsis, PLDalpha and PLDgamma, but not PLDbeta, were detected in guard cells, and antisense suppression resulted in a specific loss of PLDalpha. The abrogation of PLDalpha rendered plants less sensitive to abscisic acid and impaired stomatal closure induced by water deficits. PLDalpha-depleted plants exhibited accelerated transpirational water loss and a decreased ability to tolerate drought stress. Overexpression of PLDalpha enhanced the leaf's sensitivity to abscisic acid. These findings provide molecular and physiological evidence that PLDalpha plays a crucial role in regulating stomatal movement and plant-water status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sang
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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20
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Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD), which hydrolyzes phospholipids into free head groups and phosphatidic acid (PA), may regulate cellular processes through the production of lipid and lipid-derived messengers. We have genetically abrogated PLD alpha, the most prevalent isoform of PLD in plants, and the depletion of PLD alpha in Arabidopsis decreased the levels of PA and superoxide production in Arabidopsis leaf extracts. Addition of PA promoted the synthesis of superoxide in the PLD alpha-depleted plants, as measured by chemiluminescence and superoxide dismutase-inhibitable, NADPH-dependent reduction of cytochrome c and nitroblue tetrazolium. The PA-enhanced generation of superoxide was associated mainly with microsomal membranes. Among various lipids tested, PA was the most effective stimulator with the optimal concentrations between 100 and 200 microM. The PA-promoted production of superoxide was observed also in leaves directly infiltrated with PA. The added PA was more effective in stimulating superoxide generation in the PLD alpha-depleted leaves than in the PLD alpha-containing, wild-type leaves, suggesting that PA produced in the cell was more effective than added PA in promoting superoxide production. These data indicate that PLD plays a role in mediating superoxide production in plants through the generation of PA as a lipid messenger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sang
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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21
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Sang Y, Yan C, Zhu C, Ni G. Relationship between HLA-DRB1 and DQ alleles and the genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. Chin Med J (Engl) 2001; 114:407-9. [PMID: 11780465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 and DQ alleles and the genetic susceptibility of type 1 diabetes in North Chinese children. METHODS Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were used to amplify the second exon of DRB1 and DQ alleles, after which sequence specific olignucleotide probe (SSOP) dot blot hybridization techniques were used to analyze the amplified products. RESULTS DRB1 * 0301, DQA1 * 0301, DQB1 * 0201 alleles and DRB1 * 0301-DQA1 * 0501-DQB1 * 0201 haplotype were significantly increased in patients, while DQA1 * 0103 and DQB1 * 0601 alleles were significantly increased in controls. The distribution of DR4 and DR9 haplotypes in patients and controls were not significantly different, but DR3/DR4 and DR4/DR9 heterozygotes were significantly increased in patients. CONCLUSIONS DRB1 * 0301, DQA1 * 0301 and DQB1 * 0201 confer susceptibility while DQA1 * 0103 and DQB1 * 0601 confer protection to type 1 diabetes. DRB1 * 0301-DQA1 * 0501-DQB1 * 0201 haplotype offers a predisposition to type 1 diabetes in North Chinese. Although the distribution of DR4 and DR9 in patients and controls had no significant difference, DR3/DR4 and DR3/DR9 heterozygotes were significantly increased in patients, showing that the susceptive effects of DR3 and DR4 or DR4 and DR9 haplotypes could be added up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100045, China
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22
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Wang X, Wang C, Sang Y, Zheng L, Qin C. Determining functions of multiple phospholipase Ds in stress response of Arabidopsis. Biochem Soc Trans 2000; 28:813-6. [PMID: 11171217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) is encoded by a multiple gene family, and several PLDs from Arabidopsis have been characterized at the molecular biological and biochemical levels. PLDalpha is the most abundant plant PLD and exhibits a number of different biochemical properties to the other isoforms. The other PLDs have many overlapping catalytic properties but display some unique patterns of expression during development and in response to stress cues. Accumulating data indicate that different PLDs have multiple and different roles in plant responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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23
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Abstract
The physical locations of the 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA sequences were examined in three sorghum species by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using biotin-labeled heterologous 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA probe (pTa71). Each 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA locus occurred at two sites on the chromosomes in Sorghum bicolor (2n = 20) and S. versicolor (2n = 10), but at four sites on the chromosomes of S. halepense (2n = 40) and the tetraploid S. versicolor (2n = 20). Positions of the rDNA loci varied from the interstitial to terminal position among the four accessions of the three sorghum species. The rDNA data are useful for investigation of chromosome evolution and phylogeny. This study excluded S. versicolor as the possible progenitor of S. bicolor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sang
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-5501, USA
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24
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Sang Y, Wang XB, Han Q. [Effects of tangshenkang capsule on diabetic nephropathy]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1996; 16:398-401. [PMID: 9387731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To study the effects of Chinese herbal medicine Tangshenkang (TSK) capsule on diabetic nephropathy (DN), 57 patients with DN were randomly divided into two groups, the treated group and the control group, they were treated with TSK capsule and the conventional therapy respectively. There were serious disorders of metabolism in DN patients, that showed the TXB 2/6-keto-PGF1 alpha ratios and lipid peroxidase (LPO) levels were higher than that of healthy people. After 6 weeks treated with TSK capsule the albuminuria levels reduced obviously (decreased 51%), renal plasma flow (RPF) increased, glomerular filtration rate and the LPO levels decreased and a positive correlation was observed between albuminuria levels and TXB 2/6-keto-PGF1 alpha ratios while the clearance rate of creafinin didn't improve significantly. There were no significant difference in the above-mentioned parameters in the control group before and after treatment. These results suggested that TSK capsule possessed a significant effect in improving albuminuria and glomerular function. And the effect of TSK might be due to its adjusting TXB 2/6-keto-PGF1 alpha ratios and its lipid-peroxidation in DN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical College, Henan
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25
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Chen J, Chenette D, Guzik TG, Garcia-Munoz M, Pyle KR, Sang Y, Wefel JP. A model of solar energetic particles for use in calculating LET spectra developed from ONR-604 data. Adv Space Res 1994; 14:675-680. [PMID: 11540007 DOI: 10.1016/0273-1177(94)90525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A model of solar energetic particles (SEP) has been developed and is applied to solar flares during the 1990/1991 CRRES mission using data measured by the University of Chicago instrument, ONR-604. The model includes the time-dependent behavior, heavy-ion content, energy spectrum and fluence, and can accurately represent the observed SEP events in the energy range between 40 to 500 MeV/nucleon. Results are presented for the March and June, 1991 flare periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803, USA
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Chen J, Chenette D, Clark R, Garcia-Munoz M, Guzik TG, Pyle KR, Sang Y, Wefel JP. A model of galactic cosmic rays for use in calculating linear energy transfer spectra. Adv Space Res 1994; 14:765-769. [PMID: 11540022 DOI: 10.1016/0273-1177(94)90539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The galactic cosmic rays (GCR) contain fully stripped nuclei, from Hydrogen to beyond the Iron group, accelerated to high energies and are a major component of the background radiation encountered by satellites and interplanetary spacecraft. This paper presents a GCR model which is based upon our current understanding of the astrophysics of GCR transport through interstellar and interplanetary space. The model can be used to predict the energy spectra for all stable and long-lived radioactive species from H to Ni over an energy range from 50 to 50,000 MeV/nucleon as a function of a single parameter, the solar modulation level phi. The details of this model are summarized, phi is derived for the period 1974 to present, and results from this model during the 1990/1991 CRRES mission are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803, USA
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