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Dai L, Song ZX, Wei DP, Zhang JD, Liang JQ, Wang BB, Ma WT, Li LY, Dang YL, Zhao L, Zhang LM, Zhao YM. CDC20 and PTTG1 are Important Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Adv Ther 2021; 38:2973-2989. [PMID: 33881746 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-021-01729-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) is responsible for most prostate cancer (PCa) deaths worldwide. The present study aims to explore the molecular differences between mPCa and PCa. METHODS The authors downloaded GSE6752, GSE6919, and GSE32269 from the Gene Expression Omnibus and employed integrated analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between mPCa and PCa. Functional and pathway-enrichment analyses were performed, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and modules were constructed. Clinical mPCa specimens were collected to verify the results by performing RT-qPCR. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to conduct a survival analysis, and an immunohistochemical assay was performed. The invasion ability of PCa cells was verified by Transwell assay. RESULTS One-hundred six consistently DEGs were found in mPCa compared with PCa. DEGs significantly enriched the positive regulation of cell proliferation, cell division, and cell adhesion in small cell lung cancer and PCa. Cell division, nucleoplasm, and cell cycle were selected from the PPI network, and the top 10 hub genes were selected. CDC20 and PTTG1 with genetic alterations were significantly associated with poorer disease-free survival. Immunohistochemical assay results showed that the expression levels of CDC20 and PTTG1 in mPCa were higher than those in PCa. The results of the migration assay indicated that CDC20 and PTTG1 could enhance the migration ability of PCa cells. CONCLUSION The present study revealed that CDC20 and PTTG1 contribute more to migration, progression, and poorer prognoses in mPCa compared with PCa. CDC20 and PTTG1 could represent therapeutic targets in mPCa medical research and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Dai
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 of Cultural North Road, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China.
| | - Zi-Xuan Song
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Da-Peng Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 of Cultural North Road, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Ji-Dong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 of Cultural North Road, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Jun-Qiang Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 of Cultural North Road, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Bai-Bing Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 of Cultural North Road, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Wang-Teng Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 of Cultural North Road, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Li-Ying Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 of Cultural North Road, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Yin-Lu Dang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 of Cultural North Road, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Operating Department, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Li-Min Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 of Cultural North Road, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Yu-Ming Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 of Cultural North Road, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China.
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McPhee JC, Dang YL, Davidson N, Lester HA. Evidence for a functional interaction between integrins and G protein-activated inward rectifier K+ channels. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:34696-702. [PMID: 9856991 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.52.34696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heteromultimeric G protein-activated inward rectifier K+ (GIRK) channels, abundant in heart and brain, help to determine the cellular membrane potential as well as the frequency and duration of electrical impulses. The sequence arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD), located extracellularly between the first membrane-spanning region and the pore, is conserved among all identified GIRK subunits but is not found in the extracellular domain of any other cloned K+ channels. Many integrins, which, like channels, are integral membrane proteins, recognize this RGD sequence on other proteins, usually in the extracellular matrix. We therefore asked whether GIRK activity might be regulated by direct interaction with integrin. Here, we present evidence that mutation of the RGD site to RGE, particularly on the GIRK4 subunit, decreases or abolishes GIRK current. Furthermore, wild-type channels can be co-immunoprecipitated with integrin. The total cellular amount of expressed mutant GIRK channel protein is the same as the wild-type protein; however, the amount of mutant channel protein that localizes to the plasma membrane is decreased relative to wild-type, most likely accounting for the diminished GIRK current detected. GIRK channels appear to bind directly to integrin and to require this interaction for proper GIRK channel membrane localization and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C McPhee
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Howes K, Bronson JD, Dang YL, Li N, Zhang K, Ruiz C, Helekar B, Lee M, Subbaraya I, Kolb H, Chen J, Baehr W. Gene array and expression of mouse retina guanylate cyclase activating proteins 1 and 2. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1998; 39:867-75. [PMID: 9579466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify gene arrangement, chromosomal localization, and expression pattern of mouse guanylate cyclase activating proteins GCAP1 and GCAP2, retina-specific Ca2+-binding proteins, and photoreceptor guanylate cyclase activators. METHODS The GCAP1 and GCAP2 genes were cloned from genomic libraries and sequenced. The chromosomal localization of the GCAP array was determined using fluorescent in situ hybridization. The expression of GCAP1 and GCAP2 in mouse retinal tissue was determined by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS In this study, the mouse GCAP1 and GCAP2 gene array, its chromosomal localization, RNA transcripts, and immunolocalization of the gene products were fully characterized. The GCAP tail-to-tail array is located at the D band of chromosome 17. Each gene is transcribed into a single transcript of 0.8 kb (GCAP1) and 2 kb (GCAP2). Immunocytochemistry showed that both GCAP genes are expressed in retinal photoreceptor cells, but GCAP2 was nearly undetectable in cones. GCAP2 was also found in amacrine and ganglion cells of the inner retina. Light-adapted and dark-adapted retinas showed no significant difference in the distribution of the most intense GCAP2 staining within the outer segment and outer plexiform layers. CONCLUSIONS Identical GCAP gene structures and the existence of the tail-to-tail gene array in mouse and human suggest an ancient gene duplication-inversion event preceding mammalian diversification. Identification of both GCAPs in synaptic regions, and of GCAP2 in the inner retina suggest roles of these Ca-binding proteins in addition to regulation of phototransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Howes
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City 84132, USA
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Stribinskis V, Gao GJ, Sulo P, Dang YL, Martin NC. Yeast mitochondrial RNase P RNA synthesis is altered in an RNase P protein subunit mutant: insights into the biogenesis of a mitochondrial RNA-processing enzyme. Mol Cell Biol 1996; 16:3429-36. [PMID: 8668158 PMCID: PMC231337 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.16.7.3429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rpm2p is a protein subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast mitochondrial RNase P, an enzyme which removes 5' leader sequences from mitochondrial tRNA precursors. Precursor tRNAs accumulate in strains carrying a disrupted allele of RPM2. The resulting defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis causes petite mutants to form. We report here that alteration in the biogenesis of Rpm1r, the RNase P RNA subunit, is another consequence of disrupting RPM2. High-molecular-weight transcripts accumulate, and no mature Rpm1r is produced. Transcript mapping reveals that the smallest RNA accumulated is extended on both the 5' and 3' ends relative to mature Rpm1r. This intermediate and other longer transcripts which accumulate are also found as low-abundance RNAs in wild-type cells, allowing identification of processing events necessary for conversion of the primary transcript to final products. Our data demonstrate directly that Rpm1r is transcribed with its substrates, tRNA met f and tRNAPro, from a promoter located upstream of the tRNA met f gene and suggest that a portion also originates from a second promoter, located between the tRNA met f gene and RPM1. We tested the possibility that precursors accumulate because the RNase P deficiency prevents the removal of the downstream tRNAPro. Large RPM1 transcripts still accumulate in strains missing this tRNA. Thus, an inability to process cotranscribed tRNAs does not explain the precursor accumulation phenotype. Furthermore, strains with mutant RPM1 genes also accumulate precursor Rpm1r, suggesting that mutations in either gene can lead to similar biogenesis defects. Several models to explain precursor accumulation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Stribinskis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
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Dang YL, Martin NC. Yeast mitochondrial RNase P. Sequence of the RPM2 gene and demonstration that its product is a protein subunit of the enzyme. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:19791-6. [PMID: 8366116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here the sequence of the RPM2 gene which codes for the 105-kDa protein previously purified from the mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and shown by genetic techniques to be required for mitochondrial RNase P activity. The sequence predicts a primary translation product of 1202 residues with a molecular mass of 139 kDa and no obvious sequence similarity to any known protein in the data bases. There are 122 amino-terminal amino acids predicted by the gene that are not found in the purified protein, some of which may play a role in mitochondrial targeting of the protein. Antibodies raised against a trpE-105-kDa fusion protein recognize a 105-kDa protein in wild-type cells but not in cells carrying a disruption of the RMP2 gene. Immune, but not preimmune serum, immunoprecipitates the RNase P RNA and the mitochondrial RNase P activity. Thus, the 105-kDa protein forms a complex with RNase P RNA and is required for RNase P activity as predicted for a bona fide subunit of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Dang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Louisville, Kentucky 40292
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Abstract
RNase P from the mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was purified to near homogeneity > 1800-fold with a yield of 1.6% from mitochondrial extracts. The most abundant protein in the purified fractions is, at 105 kDa, considerably larger than the 14-kDa bacterial RNase P protein subunits. Oligonucleotides designed from the amino-terminal sequence of the 105-kDa protein were used to identify and isolate the 105-kDa protein-encoding gene. Strains carrying a disruption of the gene for the 105-kDa protein are viable but respiratory deficient and accumulate mitochondrial tRNA precursors with 5' extensions. As this is the second gene known to be necessary for yeast mitochondrial RNase P activity, we have named it RPM2 (for RNase P mitochondrial).
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Morales
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Louisville, KY 40292
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