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Abenojar J, Ballesteros Y, Bahrami M, Martínez MA, del Real JC. Wear Behavior of Epoxy Resin Reinforced with Ceramic Nano- and Microparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:878. [PMID: 38611136 PMCID: PMC11013259 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cavitation erosion poses a significant challenge in fluid systems like hydraulic turbines and ship propellers due to pulsed pressure from collapsing vapor bubbles. To combat this, various materials and surface engineering methods are employed. In this study, nano and micro scale particles of silicon carbide (SiC) or boron carbide (B4C) were incorporated as reinforcement at 6% and 12% ratios, owing to their exceptional resistance to abrasive wear and high hardness. Microparticles were incorporated to assess the damage incurred during the tests in comparison to nanoparticles. Wear tests were conducted on both bulk samples and coated aluminum sheets with a 1mm of composite. Additionally, cavitation tests were performed on coated aluminum tips until stability of mass loss was achieved. The results indicated a distinct wear behavior between the coatings and the bulk samples. Overall, wear tended to be higher for the coated samples with nanocomposites than bulk, except for the nano-composite material containing 12% SiC and pure resin. With the coatings, higher percentages of nanometric particles correlated with increased wear. The coefficient of friction remained within the range of 0.4 to 0.5 for the coatings. Regarding the accumulated erosion in the cavitation tests for 100 min, it was observed that for all nanocomposite materials, it was lower than in pure resin. Particularly, the composite with 6% B4C was slightly lower than the rest. In addition, the erosion rate was also lower for the composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Abenojar
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain; (M.B.); (M.A.M.)
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Ballesteros
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute for Research in Technology, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (Y.B.); (J.C.d.R.)
| | - Mohsen Bahrami
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain; (M.B.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Miguel Angel Martínez
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain; (M.B.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Juan Carlos del Real
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute for Research in Technology, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (Y.B.); (J.C.d.R.)
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Mendaza-DeCal R, Ballesteros Y, Peso-Fernandez S, Del Real-Romero JC, Rodriguez-Quiros J. Short communication: Torsional tests on long-bone cylindrical medullary-canal exo-endoprostheses. Res Vet Sci 2023; 159:81-83. [PMID: 37087924 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Torsion tests are performed for cylindrical type of a novel exo-endoprosthesis internal part. It is verified that it has values greater than those obtained for elliptical type. The best bonding method between PEEK and threaded rod is the resin adhesive, matching the obtained results for elliptical implant. Results of cylindrical type are discussed versus elliptical type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Mendaza-DeCal
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Dept., Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; ABAX Innovation Technologies, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Ballesteros
- Institute for Research in Technology/Mechanical Engineering Dept., Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera, 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Carlos Del Real-Romero
- Institute for Research in Technology/Mechanical Engineering Dept., Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera, 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodriguez-Quiros
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Dept., Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Lopez de Armentia S, Abenojar J, Ballesteros Y, del Real JC, Dunne N, Paz E. Polymerization Kinetics of Acrylic Photopolymer Loaded with Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Additive Manufacturing. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:4498. [PMID: 36558351 PMCID: PMC9783852 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBN) can provide attractive properties to photocurable resins used in 3D printing technologies such as improved mechanical properties, electrical and thermal conductivity, and biological capabilities. However, the presence of GBN can affect the printing process (e.g., polymerization, dimensional stability, or accuracy), as well as compromising the quality of structures. In this study an acrylic photocurable resin was reinforced with GBN, using methyl methacrylate (MMA) to favor homogenous dispersion of the nanomaterials. The objective was to investigate the influence that the incorporation of GBN and MMA has on polymerization kinetics by Differential Scanning Calorimetry using Model Free Kinetics, ultra-violet (UV) and thermal triggered polymerization. It was found that MMA catalyzed polymerization reaction by increasing the chain's mobility. In the case of GBNs, graphene demonstrated to inhibit both, thermally and UV triggered polymerization, whilst graphene oxide showed a double effect: it chemically inhibited the polymerization reaction during the initialization stage, but during the propagation stage it promoted the reaction. This study demonstrated that MMA can be used to achieve photocurable nanocomposites with homogenously dispersed GBN, and that the presence of GBN significantly modified the polymerization mechanism while an adaptation of the printing parameters is necessary in order to allow the printability of these nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lopez de Armentia
- Institute for Research in Technology, Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Abenojar
- Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering Department, Álvaro Alonso Barba Institute, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Av. Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés, Spain
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Ballesteros
- Institute for Research in Technology, Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos del Real
- Institute for Research in Technology, Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicholas Dunne
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Eva Paz
- Institute for Research in Technology, Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
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Mendaza-DeCal R, Ballesteros Y, Peso-Fernandez S, del Real-Romero JC, Rodriguez-Quiros J. Biomechanical Tests on Long-Bone Elliptical Medullary-Canal Endoprostheses for Limb Salvage in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12213021. [PMID: 36359145 PMCID: PMC9654555 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Currently, more owners look for offering a better quality of life to their pets. In fact, the complete limb amputation seems to be the last option considered by pet owners in surgeries to save their pets’ lives. Although this field is under development in veterinary medicine, we believe that 3D-printed implants for this market sector will improve the advancement in its research by reducing production costs. This would allow the pet owners to select this solution without large expenses, allowing at the same time, advances in this field. For this purpose, mechanical tests have been carried out on implants printed in a high-performance plastic that resembles the resistance of metals—that are traditionally used in veterinary surgery—and the properties of dogs’ bones as well. The results obtained have confirmed that the implants could withstand the dog weight in its different gaits, although further comparative studies on the effect of rotation forces applied during the animal’s change of direction (evaluated at different paces) are required to confirm their suitability. Abstract Exo-endoprosthesis is a limb salvage procedure poorly described for animals, as only expensive metal devices have been used so far. Currently, additive manufacturing (AM) can make this type of implant affordable by exploring a wide new range of materials. However, safety factors should be considered and could be related to kinetic and kinematic studies of canine natural gaits. The suitability of a novel inner part of an exo-endoprosthesis manufactured by fuse deposition modeling (FDM) was assessed for long canine bones with an elliptical medullary canal. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) was the material used as an alternative to metal for veterinary traumatology. Poisson’s ratio of 3D-printed PEEK material and ex vivo mechanical tests of the customized endoprosthesis were performed for the evaluation. The customized endoprostheses had promising outcomes for the radii of 20 kg dogs. Quasistatic mechanical tests of bone-inserted endoprostheses—pure compression tests—reached a maximum force of 1045.0 ± 78.0 N. In fatigue tests, the samples reached 500,000 cycles without failure or detriment to their quasistatic results. These outcomes surpass the natural weight-bearing of dogs, even during a galloping pace. Furthermore, torque tests with different adhesives were performed to obtain reference data for future assessments comparing with natural dog movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Mendaza-DeCal
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Abax Innovation Technologies, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-630816789
| | - Yolanda Ballesteros
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute for Research in Technology, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Carlos del Real-Romero
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute for Research in Technology, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Rodriguez-Quiros
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Mendaza-DeCal R, Ballesteros Y, Peso-Fernandez S, Paz E, del Real-Romero JC, Rodriguez-Quiros J. Biomechanical Test of a New Endoprosthesis for Cylindrical Medullary Canals in Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:887676. [PMID: 35847635 PMCID: PMC9280675 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.887676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exo-endoprosthesis is a limb salvage procedure for animals, although only expensive metal devices have been described. Now-a-days, new materials for this type of implant could be considered due to novel and affordable manufacturing techniques. However, a factor of safety (FoS) should be considered. There are kinetic and kinematic studies of canine natural gaits, which can be used to establish an FoS for mechanical tests for new non-metallic devices. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is used in different specialties in human medicine. Its mechanical properties (and its close mechanical stiffness to that of bone) make this polymer an alternative to metals in veterinary traumatology. PEEK could also be used in 3D printing. The suitability of a novel inner part of an exo-endoprosthesis manufactured by fuse deposition modeling (FDM) was presented in this study for long canine bones. Mechanical characterization of 3D-printed PEEK material and ex vivo mechanical tests of a customized endoprosthesis were performed to address it. Young's modulus of 3D-printed PEEK suffered a reduction of 30% in relation to bulk PEEK. Customized 3D-printed PEEK endoprostheses had promising outcomes for the tibiae of 20 kg dogs. Pure compression tests of the non-inserted endoprostheses showed a maximum force of 936 ± 199 N. In the bending tests of non-inserted endoprostheses, the PEEK part remained intact. Quasistatic mechanical tests of bone-inserted endoprostheses (compression-bending and pure compression tests) reached a maximum force of 785 ± 101 N and 1,642 ± 447 N, respectively. In fatigue tests, the samples reached 500,000 cycles without failure or detriment to their quasistatic results. These outcomes surpass the natural weight-bearing of dogs, even during a galloping pace. In conclusion, the 3D-printed PEEK part of the endoprosthesis for an exo-endoprosthesis can withstand loading, even during a galloping pace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Mendaza-DeCal
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- ABAX Innovation Technologies, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Rosa Mendaza-DeCal
| | - Yolanda Ballesteros
- Institute for Research in Technology/Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Eva Paz
- Institute for Research in Technology/Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos del Real-Romero
- Institute for Research in Technology/Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Rodriguez-Quiros
- Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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de Armentia SL, Fernández-Villamarín S, Ballesteros Y, Del Real JC, Dunne N, Paz E. 3D Printing of a Graphene-Modified Photopolymer Using Stereolithography for Biomedical Applications: A Study of the Polymerization Reaction. Int J Bioprint 2022; 8:503. [PMID: 35187285 PMCID: PMC8852266 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v8i1.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing is gaining importance thanks to its multiple advantages. Stereolithography (SLA) shows the highest accuracy and the lowest anisotropy, which has facilitated the emergence of new applications as dentistry or tissue engineering. However, the availability of commercial photopolymers is still limited, and there is an increasing interest in developing resins with properties adapted for these new applications. The addition of graphene-based nanomaterials (GBN) may provide interesting advantages, such as improved mechanical properties and bioactivity. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the effect of GBNs on the polymerization reaction. A photopolymerizable acrylic resin has been used, and the effect of the addition of 0.1wt% of graphene (G); graphene oxide (GO) and graphite nanoplatelets (GoxNP) on printability and polymerization have been investigated. It was observed that the effect depended on GBN type, functionalization and structure (e.g., number of layers, size, and morphology) due to differences in the extent of dispersion and light absorbance. The obtained results showed that GO and GoxNP did not significantly affect the printability and quality of the final structure, whilst the application of G exhibited a negative effect in terms of printability due to a reduction in the polymerization degree. GO and GoxNP-loaded resins showed a great potential to be used for manufacturing structures by SLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lopez de Armentia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Research in Technology, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Fernández-Villamarín
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Research in Technology, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Ballesteros
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Research in Technology, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - J C Del Real
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Research in Technology, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Dunne
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - E Paz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Research in Technology, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
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Paz E, Ballesteros Y, Abenojar J, Dunne N, del Real JC. Advanced G-MPS-PMMA Bone Cements: Influence of Graphene Silanisation on Fatigue Performance, Thermal Properties and Biocompatibility. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:E139. [PMID: 33435593 PMCID: PMC7826625 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of well-dispersed graphene (G) powder to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement has been demonstrated as a promising solution to improving its mechanical performance. However, two crucial aspects limit the effectiveness of G as a reinforcing agent: (1) the poor dispersion and (2) the lack of strong interfacial bonds between G and the matrix of the bone cement. This work reports a successful functionalisation route to promote the homogenous dispersion of G via silanisation using 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane (MPS). Furthermore, the effects of the silanisation on the mechanical, thermal and biocompatibility properties of bone cements are presented. In comparison with unsilanised G, the incorporation of silanised G (G_MPS1 and G_MPS2) increased the bending strength by 17%, bending modulus by 15% and deflection at failure by 17%. The most impressive results were obtained for the mechanical properties under fatigue loading, where the incorporation of G_MPS doubled the Fatigue Performance Index (I) value of unsilanised G-bone cement-meaning a 900% increase over the I value of the cement without G. Additionally, to ensure that the silanisation did not have a negative influence on other fundamental properties of bone cement, it was demonstrated that the thermal properties and biocompatibility were not negatively impacted-allowing its potential clinical progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Paz
- Institute for Research in Technology, ICAI, Comillas Pontifical University, Santa Cruz de Marcenado, 26, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (Y.B.); (J.C.d.R.)
- Mechanical Engineering Department, ICAI, Comillas Pontifical University, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Ballesteros
- Institute for Research in Technology, ICAI, Comillas Pontifical University, Santa Cruz de Marcenado, 26, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (Y.B.); (J.C.d.R.)
- Mechanical Engineering Department, ICAI, Comillas Pontifical University, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Abenojar
- In-Service Material Performance Group, Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering Department, “Álvaro Alonso Barba” Institute of Chemistry and Materials Technology, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Av. Universidad, 30, 28911 Leganés, Spain;
| | - Nicholas Dunne
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, D09 E432 Dublin 9, Ireland
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, D09 E432 Dublin 9, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 E432 Dublin 9, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, D09 E432 Dublin 9, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Juan C. del Real
- Institute for Research in Technology, ICAI, Comillas Pontifical University, Santa Cruz de Marcenado, 26, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (Y.B.); (J.C.d.R.)
- Mechanical Engineering Department, ICAI, Comillas Pontifical University, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain
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de Lucas N, López-Herce J, Maconochie I, Van de Voorde P, Rodríguez-Nuñez A, López E, Er A, Labarre A, Pérez-Suárez E, Mesa S, García-Herrero MA, Sotoca J, Pérez-Sáez MA, González-Hermosa A, Pino A, Plana M, Fernández R, Navas CC, Vázquez SH, Ballesteros Y, Mengual LM, Fernández-Arribas J. Long-term prognosis according to the rhythm before the first ROSC in paediatric OHCA and EDCA. Resuscitation 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Paz E, Ballesteros Y, Forriol F, Dunne N, del Real J. Graphene and graphene oxide functionalisation with silanes for advanced dispersion and reinforcement of PMMA-based bone cements. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2019; 104:109946. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Paz E, Ballesteros Y, Abenojar J, del Real J, Dunne N. Graphene Oxide and Graphene Reinforced PMMA Bone Cements: Evaluation of Thermal Properties and Biocompatibility. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12193146. [PMID: 31561521 PMCID: PMC6803896 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of well-dispersed graphene oxide (GO) and graphene (G) has been demonstrated as a promising solution to improve the mechanical performance of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cements in an attempt to enhance the long-term survival of the cemented orthopaedic implants. However, to move forward with the clinical application of graphene-based PMMA bone cements, it is necessary to ensure the incorporation of graphene-based powders do not negatively affect other fundamental properties (e.g., thermal properties and biocompatibility), which may compromise the clinical success of the implant. In this study, the effect of incorporating GO and G on thermal properties, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial activity of PMMA bone cement was investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry studies demonstrated that the extent of the polymerisation reaction, heat generation, thermal conductivity, or glass transition temperature were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by the addition of the GO or G powders. The cell viability showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) in viability when MC3-T3 cells were exposed to the surface of G- or GO-PMMA bone cements in comparison to the control. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the incorporation of GO or G powder did not significantly influence the thermal properties or biocompatibility of PMMA bone cements, potentially allowing its clinical progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Paz
- Institute for Research in Technology /Mechanical Engineering Dept., Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (Y.B.)
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (N.J.D.)
| | - Y. Ballesteros
- Institute for Research in Technology /Mechanical Engineering Dept., Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (Y.B.)
| | - J. Abenojar
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, IAAB, Materials Performance Group, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Av. Universidad 30, 28911 Leganes, Madrid, Spain;
| | - J.C. del Real
- Institute for Research in Technology /Mechanical Engineering Dept., Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Alberto Aguilera 25, 28015 Madrid, Spain; (Y.B.)
| | - N.J. Dunne
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
- Correspondence: (E.P.); (N.J.D.)
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11
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Paz E, Abenojar J, Ballesteros Y, Forriol F, Dunne N, Del Real JC. Mechanical and thermal behaviour of an acrylic bone cement modified with a triblock copolymer. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2016; 27:72. [PMID: 26886820 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The basic formulation of an acrylic bone cement has been modified by the addition of a block copolymer, Nanostrength(®) (NS), in order to augment the mechanical properties and particularly the fracture toughness of the bone cement. Two grades of NS at different levels of loading, between 1 and 10 wt.%, have been used. Mechanical tests were conducted to study the behaviour of the modified cements; specific tests measured the bend, compression and fracture toughness properties. The failure mode of the fracture test specimens was analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of NS addition on the thermal properties was also determined, and the polymerisation reaction using differential scanning calorimetry. It was observed that the addition of NS produced an improvement in the fracture toughness and ductility of the cement, which could have a positive contribution by reducing the premature fracture of the cement mantle. The residual monomer content was reduced when the NS was added. However this also produced an increase in the maximum temperature and the heat delivered during the polymerisation of the cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Paz
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute for Research in Technology (IIT), Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Abenojar
- Materials Performance Group, Materials Science and Engineering Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Ballesteros
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute for Research in Technology (IIT), Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Forriol
- School of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Dunne
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Queen´s University of Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AH, UK
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, 9, Republic of Ireland
| | - J C Del Real
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Institute for Research in Technology (IIT), Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, Spain
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Ballesteros Y, Polidori C, Tormos J, Baños-Picón L, Asís JD. Complex-to-predict generational shift between nested and clustered organization of individual prey networks in digger wasps. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102325. [PMID: 25019164 PMCID: PMC4096507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although diet has traditionally been considered to be a property of the species or populations as a whole, there is nowadays extensive knowledge that individual specialization is widespread among animal populations. Nevertheless, the factors determining the shape of interactions within food webs remain largely undiscovered, especially in predatory insects. We used an aggregation of the digger wasp Bembix merceti to 1) analyse patterns of individual prey use across three flying seasons in a network-based context; and 2) test the effect of four potential factors that might explain network topologies (wasp mass, nest spatial distribution, simultaneous nest-provisioning, prey availability). Inter-individual diet variation was found in all three years, under different predator-prey network topologies: Individuals arranged in dietary clusters and displayed a checkerboard pattern in 2009, but showed nestedness in 2008 and 2010. Network topologies were not fully explained by the tested factors. Larger females consumed a higher proportion of the total number of prey species captured by the population as a whole, in such a way that nested patterns may arise from mass-dependent prey spectrum width. Conversely, individuals with similar body mass didn't form clusters. Nested patterns seemed to be associated with a greater availability of the main prey species (a proxy for reduced intra-specific competition). Thus, according with theory, clusters seemed to appear when competition increased. On the other hand, the nests of the individuals belonging to a given cluster were not more closely located, and neither did individuals within a cluster provision their nests simultaneously. Thus, a female-female copying behaviour during foraging was unlikely. In conclusion, wasp populations can maintain a considerable individual variation across years under different food web organizations. The tested factors only partially accounted for the shift in network properties, and new analyses should be carried out to elucidate how diet network topologies arise in wasp populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Ballesteros
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlo Polidori
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Tormos
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Baños-Picón
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Josep Daniel Asís
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Asís JD, Ballesteros Y, Tormos J, Baños-Picón L, Polidori C. Spatial Nest-Settlement Decisions in Digger Wasps: Conspecifics Matter more than Heterospecifics and Previous Experience. Ethology 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josep D. Asís
- Unidad de Zoología; Facultad de Biología; Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - Yolanda Ballesteros
- Unidad de Zoología; Facultad de Biología; Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - José Tormos
- Unidad de Zoología; Facultad de Biología; Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - Laura Baños-Picón
- Unidad de Zoología; Facultad de Biología; Universidad de Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - Carlo Polidori
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva; Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC); Madrid Spain
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Ballesteros Y, Gonzalez de la Huebra M, Quintana M, Hernandez P, Hernandez L. Voltamperometric determination of kinetin with a carbon paste modified electrode. Microchem J 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0026-265x(03)00022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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González de la Huebra MJ, Hernández P, Ballesteros Y, Hernández L. Rapid identification of carbendazim and linuron by adsorptive stripping on a carbon fiber ultramicroelectrode. Fresenius J Anal Chem 2000; 368:853-6. [PMID: 11227576 DOI: 10.1007/s002160000561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A method is described for the identification of a mixture of carbendazim and linuron. It is based on adsorptive stripping voltammetry at a carbon fiber ultramicroelectrode. Conditions for the determination of carbendazim in a mixture were optimized and the method was applied to soil samples. It was compared to HPLC with spectrophotometric detection, where similar results were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J González de la Huebra
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Sciences, Autónoma University of Madrid, Spain
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González de la Huebra MJ, Hernández P, Nieto O, Ballesteros Y, Hernández L. Determination of carbendazim in soil samples by anodic stripping voltammetry using a carbon fiber ultramicroelectrode. Fresenius J Anal Chem 2000; 367:474-8. [PMID: 11227479 DOI: 10.1007/s002160000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A method for the determination of carbendazim (MBC) by anodic stripping voltammetry using a carbon fiber ultramicroelectrode was developed. The ultramicroelectrode was made in our laboratory and its electrochemical behavior was characterized by measuring the electrochemical response with a solution of potassium ferricyanide. The optimum parameters used for the determination of MBC are the following: 0.05 M phosphate buffer at pH 2.0 as supporting electrolyte; a scan rate of v = 10.00 V s(-1) and an accumulation potential of Eac = 0.00 V. The MBC was determined in a soil sample with the method proposed and the results found were comparable to those obtained by HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J González de la Huebra
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Sciences, Autónoma University of Madrid, Spain
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Hernández P, Paton F, Ballesteros Y, Hernández L. Voltammetry study of zeatin in a carbon fiber ultramicroelectrode. Determination by adsorptive stripping. ELECTROANAL 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140090309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hernandez P, Ballesteros Y, Galan F, Hernandez L. Determination of carbendazim with a graphite electrode modified with silicone OV-17. ELECTROANAL 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140081018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hernández P, Ballesteros Y, Galán F, Hernández L. Determination of dimethoate in water by cathodic stripping square-wave voltammetry. ELECTROANAL 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140060110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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