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Ualiyeva S, Hallen N, Kanaoka Y, Ledderose C, Matsumoto I, Junger W, Barrett N, Bankova L. Airway brush cells generate cysteinyl leukotrienes through the ATP sensor P2Y2. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/43/eaax7224. [PMID: 31953256 PMCID: PMC7176051 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aax7224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemosensory epithelial cells (EpCs) are specialized cells that promote innate type 2 immunity and protective neurally mediated reflexes in the airway. Their effector programs and modes of activation are not fully understood. Here, we define the transcriptional signature of two choline acetyltransferase-expressing nasal EpC populations. They are found in the respiratory and olfactory mucosa and express key chemosensory cell genes including the transcription factor Pou2f3, the cation channel Trpm5, and the cytokine Il25 Moreover, these cells share a core transcriptional signature with chemosensory cells from intestine, trachea and thymus, and cluster with tracheal brush cells (BrCs) independently from other respiratory EpCs, indicating that they are part of the brush/tuft cell family. Both nasal BrC subsets express high levels of transcripts encoding cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT) biosynthetic enzymes. In response to ionophore, unfractionated nasal BrCs generate CysLTs at levels exceeding that of the adjacent hematopoietic cells isolated from naïve mucosa. Among activating receptors, BrCs express the purinergic receptor P2Y2. Accordingly, the epithelial stress signal ATP and aeroallergens that elicit ATP release trigger BrC CysLT generation, which is mediated by the P2Y2 receptor. ATP- and aeroallergen-elicited CysLT generation in the nasal lavage is reduced in mice lacking Pou2f3, a requisite transcription factor for BrC development. Last, aeroallergen-induced airway eosinophilia is reduced in BrC-deficient mice. These results identify a previously undescribed BrC sensor and effector pathway leading to generation of lipid mediators in response to luminal signals. Further, they suggest that BrC sensing of local damage may provide an important sentinel immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ualiyeva
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - N. Hallen
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Y. Kanaoka
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - C. Ledderose
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - W. Junger
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - N.A. Barrett
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - L.G. Bankova
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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2
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Bankova LG, Dwyer DF, Yoshimoto E, Ualiyeva S, McGinty JW, Raff H, von Moltke J, Kanaoka Y, Frank Austen K, Barrett NA. The cysteinyl leukotriene 3 receptor regulates expansion of IL-25-producing airway brush cells leading to type 2 inflammation. Sci Immunol 2019; 3:3/28/eaat9453. [PMID: 30291131 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aat9453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory epithelial cells (EpCs) orchestrate airway mucosal inflammation in response to diverse environmental stimuli, but how distinct EpC programs are regulated remains poorly understood. Here, we report that inhalation of aeroallergens leads to expansion of airway brush cells (BrCs), specialized chemosensory EpCs and the dominant epithelial source of interleukin-25 (IL-25). BrC expansion was attenuated in mice lacking either LTC4 synthase, the biosynthetic enzyme required for cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT) generation, or the EpC receptor for leukotriene E4 (LTE4), CysLT3R. LTE4 inhalation was sufficient to elicit CysLT3R-dependent BrC expansion in the murine airway through an IL-25-dependent but STAT6-independent signaling pathway. Last, blockade of IL-25 attenuated both aeroallergen and LTE4-elicited CysLT3R-dependent type 2 lung inflammation. These results demonstrate that CysLT3R senses the endogenously generated lipid ligand LTE4 and regulates airway BrC number and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora G Bankova
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Daniel F Dwyer
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eri Yoshimoto
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Saltanat Ualiyeva
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John W McGinty
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hannah Raff
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jakob von Moltke
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yoshihide Kanaoka
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - K Frank Austen
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nora A Barrett
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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3
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Liu T, Barrett NA, Kanaoka Y, Buchheit K, Laidlaw TM, Garofalo D, Lai J, Katz HR, Feng C, Boyce JA. Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 drives lung immunopathology through a platelet and high mobility box 1-dependent mechanism. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:679-690. [PMID: 30664709 PMCID: PMC6462243 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) facilitate eosinophilic mucosal type 2 immunopathology, especially in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), by incompletely understood mechanisms. We now demonstrate that platelets, activated through the type 2 cysLT receptor (CysLT2R), cause IL-33-dependent immunopathology through a rapidly inducible mechanism requiring the actions of high mobility box 1 (HMGB1) and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) induces surface HMGB1 expression by mouse platelets in a CysLT2R-dependent manner. Blockade of RAGE and neutralization of HMGB1 prevent LTC4-induced platelet activation. Challenges of AERD-like Ptges-/- mice with inhaled lysine aspirin (Lys-ASA) elicit LTC4 synthesis and cause rapid intrapulmonary recruitment of platelets with adherent granulocytes, along with platelet- and CysLT2R-mediated increases in lung IL-33, IL-5, IL-13, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid HMGB1. The intrapulmonary administration of exogenous LTC4 mimics these effects. Platelet depletion, HMGB1 neutralization, and pharmacologic blockade of RAGE eliminate all manifestations of Lys-ASA challenges, including increase in IL-33, mast cell activation, and changes in airway resistance. Thus, CysLT2R signaling on platelets prominently utilizes RAGE/HMGB1 as a link to downstream type 2 respiratory immunopathology and IL-33-dependent mast cell activation typical of AERD. Antagonists of HMGB1 or RAGE may be useful to treat AERD and other disorders associated with type 2 immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA
| | - Nora A. Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA,Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA
| | - Yoshihide Kanaoka
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA,Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA
| | - Kathleen Buchheit
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA,Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA
| | - Tanya M. Laidlaw
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA,Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA
| | - Denise Garofalo
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA
| | - Juying Lai
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA
| | - Howard R. Katz
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA,Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA
| | - Chunli Feng
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA
| | - Joshua A. Boyce
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA,Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA
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4
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Teegala LR, Duah E, Kondeti V, Adapala RK, Keshamouni VG, Kanaoka Y, Austen KF, Thodeti CK, Paruchuri S. Role of Cysteinyl Leukotriene 2 Receptor in Tumor Angiogenesis, Permeability and Metastasis. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.489.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernest Duah
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of AkronAkronOH
| | | | - Ravi K Adapala
- Department of Integrative Medical SciencesNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOH
| | | | - Yoshihide Kanaoka
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMA
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and AllergyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMA
| | - K Frank Austen
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMA
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and AllergyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMA
| | - Charles K Thodeti
- Department of Integrative Medical SciencesNortheast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOH
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5
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Samuchiwal SK, Bankova L, Dwyer DF, Kanaoka Y, Barrett NA. Mast cell-dependent adjuvant activity is a key component of the respiratory immune response to inhaled Alternaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Ualiyeva S, Hallen N, Kanaoka Y, Barrett NA, Bankova L. Nasal Epithelial Brush Cells Generate Cysteinyl Leukotrienes in Response to Aeroallergens and Stress Signals. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Abstract
The cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs), leukotriene C4, (LTC4), LTD4, and LTE4, are lipid mediators of inflammation. LTC4 is the only intracellularly synthesized cys-LT through the 5-lipoxygenase and LTC4 synthase pathway and after transport is metabolized to LTD4 and LTE4 by specific extracellular peptidases. Each cys-LT has a preferred functional receptor in vivo; LTD4 to the type 1 cys-LT receptor (CysLT1R), LTC4 to CysLT2R, and LTE4 to CysLT3R (OXGR1 or GPR99). Recent studies in mouse models revealed that there are multiple regulatory mechanisms for these receptor functions and each receptor plays a distinct role as observed in different mouse models of inflammation and immune responses. This review focuses on the integrated host responses to the cys-LT/CysLTR pathway composed of sequential ligands with preferred receptors as seen from mouse models. It also discusses potential therapeutic targets for LTC4 synthase, CysLT2R, and CysLT3R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Kanaoka
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - K Frank Austen
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
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8
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von Moltke J, O’Leary CE, Barrett N, Kanaoka Y, Austen KF, Locksley RM. ILC2 activation by leukotrienes: NFAT joins the team. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.119.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The initiation and maintenance of type 2 (allergic) immune responses in the lung requires production of the type 2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-9, which together drive eosinophilia and other hallmarks of type 2 inflammation. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and type 2 helper T cells (Th2) are the primary source of these cytokines. In Th2s, T cell receptor (TCR) signaling activates the transcription factors NFAT, AP-1, and NFκB, which cooperate to induce type 2 cytokines. ILC2s lack a TCR and respond instead to locally produced cytokines such as IL-33. While IL-33 induces AP-1 and NFκB, NFAT signaling has not been described in ILC2s and it remains unclear how maximal cytokine production is achieved in vivo. Here, we report the non-redundant NFAT-dependent role of lipid-derived leukotrienes in the activation of lung ILC2s. Using cytokine reporter and leukotriene-deficient mice in innate and adaptive models of type 2 airway inflammation, we find that while loss of leukotriene B4 or cysteinyl leukotriene signaling alone has modest effects, deletion of both pathways markedly diminishes ILC2 activation and eosinophilia. Type 2 responses are similarly attenuated in IL-33- and leukotriene-deficient mice, and optimal ILC2 activation reflects potent synergy between these pathways. We hypothesize that ILC2s integrate multiple signals as a substitute for TCR signaling. These findings therefore expand our understanding of ILC2 regulation and may have important implications for the treatment of airways disease.
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9
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Liu T, Barrett NA, Kanaoka Y, Laidlaw TM, Yoshimoto E, Garofalo D, Feng C, Boyce JA. Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor 2 (CysLT2R) Drives Lung Immunopathology Through a High Mobility Box 1-Dependent Mechanism. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Liu T, Barrett NA, Kanaoka Y, Yoshimoto E, Garofalo D, Cirka H, Feng C, Boyce JA. Type 2 Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptors Drive IL-33-Dependent Type 2 Immunopathology and Aspirin Sensitivity. J Immunol 2017; 200:915-927. [PMID: 29282304 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) facilitate mucosal type 2 immunopathology by incompletely understood mechanisms. Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, a severe asthma subtype, is characterized by exaggerated eosinophilic respiratory inflammation and reactions to aspirin, each involving the marked overproduction of cysLTs. Here we demonstrate that the type 2 cysLT receptor (CysLT2R), which is not targeted by available drugs, is required in two different models to amplify eosinophilic airway inflammation via induced expression of IL-33 by lung epithelial cells. Endogenously generated cysLTs induced eosinophilia and expanded group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease-like Ptges-/- mice. These responses were mitigated by deletions of either Cysltr2 or leukotriene C4 synthase (Ltc4s). Administrations of either LTC4 (the parent cysLT) or the selective CysLT2R agonist N-methyl LTC4 to allergen sensitized wild-type mice markedly boosted ILC2 expansion and IL-5/IL-13 generation in a CysLT2R-dependent manner. Expansion of ILC2s and IL-5/IL-13 generation reflected CysLT2R-dependent production of IL-33 by alveolar type 2 cells, which engaged in a bilateral feed-forward loop with ILC2s. Deletion of Cysltr1 blunted LTC4-induced ILC2 expansion and eosinophilia but did not alter IL-33 induction. Pharmacological blockade of CysLT2R prior to inhalation challenge of Ptges-/- mice with aspirin blocked IL-33-dependent mast cell activation, mediator release, and changes in lung function. Thus, CysLT2R signaling, IL-33-dependent ILC2 expansion, and IL-33-driven mast cell activation are necessary for induction of type 2 immunopathology and aspirin sensitivity. CysLT2R-targeted drugs may interrupt these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Nora A Barrett
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115; and.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yoshihide Kanaoka
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115; and.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Eri Yoshimoto
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Denise Garofalo
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Haley Cirka
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Chunli Feng
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Joshua A Boyce
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; .,Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115; and.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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11
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Wang HB, Akuthota P, Kanaoka Y, Weller PF. Airway eosinophil migration into lymph nodes in mice depends on leukotriene C 4. Allergy 2017; 72:927-936. [PMID: 27874209 DOI: 10.1111/all.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated in mice that airway eosinophils traffic from the airway lumen into lung-draining paratracheal lymph nodes. However, mechanisms whereby eosinophils traverse from the lungs and home to paratracheal lymph nodes remain unclear. We investigated roles of cysteinyl leukotrienes in mediating eosinophil trafficking from lungs to paratracheal lymph nodes. METHODS The expression of CCR7 was determined by flow cytometry. Transwell assays were used to test chemotactic responses of leukotriene C4 synthase-deficient and control airway eosinophils to the chemokine CCL19 ex vivo. Eosinophils from the spleens of IL-5 transgenic mice, fluorescently labeled ex vivo, were intratracheally injected into ovalbumin-sensitized and ovalbumin aerosol-challenged leukotriene C4 synthase-deficient and control mice. Eosinophils were identified by microscopy and flow cytometry in the lungs and paratracheal lymph nodes. RESULTS Mouse eosinophils expressed CCR7, the receptor for CCL19, and responded chemotactically to CCL19. Leukotriene C4 synthase-deficient eosinophils exhibited impaired chemotaxis to CCL19 that was restored by exogenous leukotriene C4 . The migration of intratracheally injected eosinophils into paratracheal lymph nodes from distal alveolar lung was diminished in leukotriene C4 synthase-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice, with increased retention of eosinophils in the lungs of leukotriene C4 synthase-deficient mice. Exogenous administration of leukotriene C4 restored trafficking of eosinophils to paratracheal lymph nodes in leukotriene C4 synthase-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings that cysteinyl leukotrienes are involved in regulating airway and lung eosinophil migration into paratracheal lymph nodes identify previously unrecognized roles for the cysteinyl leukotrienes in regulating the pulmonary trafficking of eosinophils in experimental allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.-B. Wang
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation; Department of Medicine; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - P. Akuthota
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation; Department of Medicine; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Department of Medicine; University of California San Diego; San Diego CA USA
| | - Y. Kanaoka
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - P. F. Weller
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation; Department of Medicine; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases; Department of Medicine; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
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12
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Liu T, Barrett NA, Kanaoka Y, Laidlaw TM, Yoshimoto E, Garofalo D, Cirka H, Raff H, Feng C, Boyce JA. 1. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Kanaoka Y, Hirai K, Ishiko O. Microwave endometrial ablation for complex endometrial hyperplasia with atypia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2017; 85:181-2. [PMID: 15099788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2003.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2003] [Revised: 11/10/2003] [Accepted: 11/19/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kanaoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan.
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14
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von Moltke J, O'Leary CE, Barrett NA, Kanaoka Y, Austen KF, Locksley RM. Leukotrienes provide an NFAT-dependent signal that synergizes with IL-33 to activate ILC2s. J Exp Med 2016; 214:27-37. [PMID: 28011865 PMCID: PMC5206504 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
von Moltke et al. demonstrate that optimal cytokine induction in group 2 innate lymphocytes results from synergy between NFAT-dependent leukotriene signaling and IL-33 signaling. This integration of signaling pathways may represent an innate substitute for the T cell receptor. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and type 2 helper T cells (Th2 cells) are the primary source of interleukin 5 (IL-5) and IL-13 during type 2 (allergic) inflammation in the lung. In Th2 cells, T cell receptor (TCR) signaling activates the transcription factors nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and activator protein 1 (AP-1) to induce type 2 cytokines. ILC2s lack a TCR and respond instead to locally produced cytokines such as IL-33. Although IL-33 induces AP-1 and NF-κB, NFAT signaling has not been described in ILC2s. In this study, we report a nonredundant NFAT-dependent role for lipid-derived leukotrienes (LTs) in the activation of lung ILC2s. Using cytokine reporter and LT-deficient mice, we find that complete disruption of LT signaling markedly diminishes ILC2 activation and downstream responses during type 2 inflammation. Type 2 responses are equivalently attenuated in IL-33– and LT-deficient mice, and optimal ILC2 activation reflects potent synergy between these pathways. These findings expand our understanding of ILC2 regulation and may have important implications for the treatment of airways disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob von Moltke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 .,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Claire E O'Leary
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Nora A Barrett
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yoshihide Kanaoka
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - K Frank Austen
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 .,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
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15
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate accurately the calf muscle pump in patients with venous insufficiency using foot vein pressure measurements during three different exercises. Design: Prospective study in three groups, comparing patients with venous disease with controls. Setting: Second Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine. Patients: Twenty normal legs, 29 legs previously affected by deep vein thrombosis and 36 legs with primary varicose veins. Main outcome measures: The foot vein pressure was measured during ankle dorsiflexions, knee-bending and walking on the spot at 40 paces per minute during which minimum ambulatory venous pressure (AVP) and venous refilling time (VRT) were assessed. Results: The three groups differed significantly from each other in AVP and VRT after dorsiflexion and in AVP during walking on the spot, but not after knee-bending. Conclusion: Dorsiflexion is the most useful exercise distinguishing various severities of venous insufficiency, but walking on the spot is more useful for accurately evaluating the calf muscle pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ohgi
- Second Department of Surgery, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - K. Tanaka
- Second Department of Surgery, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - T. Maeda
- Second Department of Surgery, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Y. Kanaoka
- Second Department of Surgery, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - M. Ikebuchi
- Second Department of Surgery, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - H. Hara
- Second Department of Surgery, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - T. Mori
- Second Department of Surgery, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
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16
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate objectively the effect of compression therapy in patients with different degrees of calf muscle pump impairment following deep vein thrombosis. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Second Department of Surgery, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Japan. Patients: Twenty-one lower extremities in 16 patients and 23 lower extremities in 13 healthy control subjects. Intervention: Application of standard compression elastic stockings (30–40 mmHg compression at the ankle) and high compression elastic stockings (40–50 mmHg at the ankle) (Sigvaris, Sweden). Main outcome measures: Comparison of expelled volume measured by ambulatory strain-gauge plethysmography. Results: Calf pump function after deep vein thrombosis was classified into three grades (normal, compensated and failed) by the expelled volume. The expelled volume increased from 0.4 ml/dl (SD 0.2) to 0.9 ml/dl (SD 0.5) following the application of strong compression. Conclusion: Compression therapy is haemodynamically effective only when using strong compression (40–50 mmHg) in patients with post-thrombotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ohgi
- Second Department of Surgery, Tottori University School of Medicine, Tottori, Japan
| | - Y. Kanaoka
- Second Department of Surgery, Tottori University School of Medicine, Tottori, Japan
| | - T. Mori
- Second Department of Surgery, Tottori University School of Medicine, Tottori, Japan
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17
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McGovern T, Goldberger M, Chen M, Allard B, Hamamoto Y, Kanaoka Y, Austen KF, Powell WS, Martin JG. CysLT1 Receptor Is Protective against Oxidative Stress in a Model of Irritant-Induced Asthma. J Immunol 2016; 197:266-77. [PMID: 27226094 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The bronchoconstrictive and proinflammatory properties of cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) in allergic asthma mediate their effects predominantly through the cysLT1 receptor (cysLT1R). However, the role of cysLTs and cysLT1R in innate immune-triggered asthma is largely unexplored. We explored the synthesis of cysLTs and cysLT1R as determinants of airway responses in an oxidative stress-induced model of irritant asthma. Wild-type (WT) mice exposed to 100 ppm Cl2 for 5 min had airway neutrophilia, increased cysLT production, and pulmonary expression of cysLT-related biosynthetic genes. CysLT1R-deficient (CysLTr1(-/-)) mice that were exposed to Cl2 demonstrated airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled methacholine significantly greater than in WT BALB/c mice. Compared to WT mice, airway neutrophilia and keratinocyte chemoattractant production levels were higher in CysLTr1(-/-) mice and airway hyperresponsiveness was ameliorated using a granulocyte depletion Ab. CysLTr1(-/-) mice also demonstrated prolonged bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis following Cl2 WT mice showed increased antioxidant and NF erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene expression, Nrf2 nuclear translocation in bronchial epithelial cells, and increased reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione following Cl2 exposure whereas CysLTr1(-/-) mice did not. Furthermore, CysLTr1(-/-) mice demonstrated increased pulmonary E-cadherin expression and soluble E-cadherin shedding compared with WT mice. Loss of a functional cysLT1R results in aberrant antioxidant response and increased susceptibility to oxidative injury, apparently via a cysLT1R-dependent impairment of Nrf2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby McGovern
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Madison Goldberger
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Michael Chen
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Benoit Allard
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Yoichiro Hamamoto
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Yoshihide Kanaoka
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02130; and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - K Frank Austen
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02130; and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - William S Powell
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada;
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18
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Lee MJ, Yoshimoto E, Saijo S, Iwakura Y, Lin X, Katz HR, Kanaoka Y, Barrett NA. Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ Regulates Dectin-2 Signaling and the Generation of Th2 and Th17 Immunity. J Immunol 2016; 197:278-87. [PMID: 27194783 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The C-type lectin receptor Dectin-2 can trigger the leukotriene C4 synthase-dependent generation of cysteinyl leukotrienes and the caspase-associated recruitment domain 9- and NF-κB-dependent generation of cytokines, such as IL-23, IL-6, and TNF-α, to promote Th2 and Th17 immunity, respectively. Dectin-2 activation also elicits the type 2 cytokine IL-33, but the mechanism by which Dectin-2 induces these diverse innate mediators is poorly understood. In this study, we identify a common upstream requirement for PI3Kδ activity for the generation of each Dectin-2-dependent mediator elicited by the house dust mite species, Dermatophagoides farinae, using both pharmacologic inhibition and small interfering RNA knockdown of PI3Kδ in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. PI3Kδ activity depends on spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and regulates the activity of protein kinase Cδ, indicating that PI3Kδ is a proximal Syk-dependent signaling intermediate. Inhibition of PI3Kδ also reduces cysteinyl leukotrienes and cytokines elicited by Dectin-2 cross-linking, confirming the importance of this molecule in Dectin-2 signaling. Using an adoptive transfer model, we demonstrate that inhibition of PI3Kδ profoundly reduces the capacity of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells to sensitize recipient mice for Th2 and Th17 pulmonary inflammation in response to D. farinae Furthermore, administration of a PI3Kδ inhibitor during the sensitization of wild-type mice prevents the generation of D. farinae-induced pulmonary inflammation. These results demonstrate that PI3Kδ regulates Dectin-2 signaling and its dendritic cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Eri Yoshimoto
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Shinobu Saijo
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan; and
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Howard R Katz
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yoshihide Kanaoka
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Nora A Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115;
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19
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Spear R, Haulon S, Ohki T, Tsilimparis N, Kanaoka Y, Milne C, Debus S, Takizawa R, Kölbel T. Subsequent Results for Arch Aneurysm Repair with Inner Branched Endografts. J Vasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Lee MJ, Yoshimoto E, Li L, Kanaoka Y, Barrett NA. Dust Mite-Induced Allergic Pulmonary Inflammation Is Differentially Regulated By Il33-/- and Il1rl1-/- Dendritic Cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Liu T, Kanaoka Y, Barrett NA, Feng C, Garofalo D, Lai J, Buchheit K, Bhattacharya N, Laidlaw TM, Katz HR, Boyce JA. Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease Involves a Cysteinyl Leukotriene-Driven IL-33-Mediated Mast Cell Activation Pathway. J Immunol 2015; 195:3537-45. [PMID: 26342029 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), a severe eosinophilic inflammatory disorder of the airways, involves overproduction of cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs), activation of airway mast cells (MCs), and bronchoconstriction in response to nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitors that deplete homeostatic PGE2. The mechanistic basis for MC activation in this disorder is unknown. We now demonstrate that patients with AERD have markedly increased epithelial expression of the alarmin-like cytokine IL-33 in nasal polyps, as compared with polyps from aspirin-tolerant control subjects. The murine model of AERD, generated by dust mite priming of mice lacking microsomal PGE2 synthase (ptges(-/-) mice), shows a similar upregulation of IL-33 protein in the airway epithelium, along with marked eosinophilic bronchovascular inflammation. Deletion of leukotriene C4 synthase, the terminal enzyme needed to generate cysLTs, eliminates the increased IL-33 content of the ptges(-/-) lungs and sharply reduces pulmonary eosinophilia and basal secretion of MC products. Challenges of dust mite-primed ptges(-/-) mice with lysine aspirin induce IL-33-dependent MC activation and bronchoconstriction. Thus, IL-33 is a component of a cysLT-driven innate type 2 immune response that drives pathogenic MC activation and contributes substantially to AERD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yoshihide Kanaoka
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Nora A Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Chunli Feng
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Denise Garofalo
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Juying Lai
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kathleen Buchheit
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Neil Bhattacharya
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Tanya M Laidlaw
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Howard R Katz
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Joshua A Boyce
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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22
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Haulon S, Ohki T, Spear R, Tsilimparis N, Maeda K, Debus S, Kanaoka Y, Koelbel T. Arch Aneurysm Repair with Branched Endografts. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Lee MJ, Yoshimoto E, Pesarini A, Austen KF, Kanaoka Y, Barrett NA. Dust Mite-Induced Dectin-2 Pathway Triggers IL-33 Generation in Leukotriene C4 Synthase- and CARD9-Independent Manner. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Bankova LG, Li L, Boyce JA, Austen KF, Kanaoka Y, Barrett NA. Alternaria alternata Induces Mast Cell Activation in an IgE-Independent Fashion. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Ago H, Okimoto N, Kanaoka Y, Morimoto G, Ukita Y, Saino H, Taiji M, Miyano M. Structure basis of Leukotriene C4 Synthase and its isophtalate inhibitors. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273314091992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene (LT) C4 synthase (LTC4S) is a key enzyme for the production of cysteinyl leukotrienes, LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4, which are relevance to asthma and allergy. LTC4S catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to LTA4. The crystal structure of LTC4S complex with GSH revealed the active sites locate at the interfaces of adjacent monomer in trans-membrane homo-trimer [1]. The unique U-shaped GSH binds the inner hydrophilic interface cavity and the amphiphilic LTA4 was proposed to bind in the hydrophobic V-shaped crevasse on the interface of the trimer hydrophobic surface. Two essential arginine residues was proved to exert as acid-base catalysis at the both sides of two substrates in highly regio- and stereo-selective manner enzymatically and crystallographically [2]. The architecture of the catalysis with Arg104 and Arg31 residues is the unique among various Glutathione-S-transferases. Arg104 activates and stabilizes the thiorate anaion of the bound GSH and Arg31 stabilize and activate epoxy of the other substrate LTA4, and each mutation causes not only reduction of activity but also each substrate binding affinity substantially. Furthermore, the putative LTA4 binding position was confirmed using the anomalous signal of selenium of the bound seleno-dodecylmaltoside (Se-DDM) at the V-shaped crevasse. To identify leads for novel therapeutics, we attempted to search competitive inhibitors against the unique shaped GSH binding site to discriminate the GSH binding sites of other GSTs that accommodate only its extending backbone conformer [3]. Hierarchical in silico screenings of 6 million compounds provided 300,000 dataset for docking, and after energy minimization based on the crystal structure of LTC4S, 111 compounds were selected as candidates for a competitive inhibitor to glutathione. 5-(5-Methylene-4-oxo-4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-ylamino) isophthalic acid moiety was identified to inhibit LTC4 formation both an enzyme assay and a whole-cell assay. Finally, 5-((Z)-5-((E)-2-methyl-3-phenylallylidene)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-ylamino) isophthalic acid was found to be the most potent inhibitor with 1.9 µM of IC50, and in the whole-cell assay to inhibit LTC4 synthesis with cell permeability in a concentration dependent manner.
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26
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Kanaoka Y, Boyce JA. Cysteinyl leukotrienes and their receptors; emerging concepts. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2014; 6:288-95. [PMID: 24991451 PMCID: PMC4077954 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2014.6.4.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs) are potent mediators of inflammation derived from arachidonic acid through the 5-lipoxygenase/leukotriene C4 synthase pathway. The derivation of their chemical structures and identification of their pharmacologic properties predated the cloning of their classical receptors and the development of drugs that modify their synthesis and actions. Recent studies have revealed unanticipated insights into the regulation of cys-LT synthesis, the function of the cys-LTs in innate and adaptive immunity and human disease, and the identification of a new receptor for the cys-LTs. This review highlights these studies and summarizes their potential pathobiologic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Kanaoka
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA, United States. ; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joshua A Boyce
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA, United States. ; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Nakayama K, Miyazaki K, Kanaoka Y. Microwave endometrial ablation for hypermenorrhea treatment: a new era in Japan. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2014. [DOI: 10.12891/ceog16302014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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28
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Parsons MW, Li L, Wallace AM, Lee MJ, Katz HR, Fernandez JM, Saijo S, Iwakura Y, Austen KF, Kanaoka Y, Barrett NA. Dectin-2 regulates the effector phase of house dust mite-elicited pulmonary inflammation independently from its role in sensitization. J Immunol 2014; 192:1361-71. [PMID: 24453247 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The myeloid C-type lectin receptor Dectin-2 directs the generation of Th2 and Th17 immune responses to the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae through the generation of cysteinyl leukotrienes and proinflammatory cytokines, respectively, but a role for Dectin-2 in effector phase responses has not been described. In this study, we demonstrate that administration of the Dectin-2 mAb solely at the time of D. farinae challenge abrogated eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and Th1, Th2, and Th17 inflammation in the lung of previously sensitized mice. Furthermore, Dectin-2 null mice (Clec4n(-/-)) sensitized with the adoptive transfer of D. farinae-pulsed wild-type (WT) bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) also had less D. farinae-elicited pulmonary inflammation, supporting an effector function for Dectin-2. The protection from pulmonary inflammation seen with the Dectin-2 mAb or in Clec4n(-/-) mice was associated with little or no reduction in lung-draining lymph node cells or their cytokine production and with no reduction in serum IgE. WT and Clec4n(-/-) mice recipients, sensitized with D. farinae-pulsed WT bone marrow-derived DCs, had comparable levels of D. farinae-elicited IL-6, IL-23, TNF-α, and cysteinyl leukotrienes in the lung. By contrast, D. farinae-elicited CCL4 and CCL8 production from pulmonary CD11c(+)CD11b(+)Ly6C(+) and CD11c(+)CD11b(+)Ly6C(-)CD64(+) monocyte-derived DCs was reduced in Clec4n(-/-) recipients. Addition of CCL8 at the time of D. farinae challenge abrogated the protection from eosinophilic, neutrophilic, and Th2 pulmonary inflammation seen in Clec4n(-/-) recipients. Taken together, these results reveal that Dectin-2 regulates monocyte-derived DC function in the pulmonary microenvironment at D. farinae challenge to promote the local inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Parsons
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
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29
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Nakayama K, Miyazaki K, Kanaoka Y. Microwave endometrial ablation for hypermenorrhea treatment: a new era in Japan. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2014; 41:119-120. [PMID: 24779232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An estimated six million women in Japan suffer from excessive menstruation and the treatment of this disorder has been undergoing dramatic changes recently. In April 2012, microwave endometrial ablation (MEA) was approved for insurance coverage as a K863-3: a hysteroscopic endometrial ablation (17,810 points). Since the introduction of MEA to Shimane University Hospital in August 2007, authors (KN, KM) have performed the procedure in 96 patients with excessive menstruation. They have also evaluated its safety and its efficacy, not only by comparing it to the existing surgical treatment but by quantifying patients' satisfaction levels and symptom improvement. The authors conclude that MEA is a safe, effective, a low-cost treatment, and they recommend that it be considered as a standard treatment for conservative therapy-resistant excessive menstruation.
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Cummings HE, Liu T, Feng C, Laidlaw TM, Conley PB, Kanaoka Y, Boyce JA. Cutting edge: Leukotriene C4 activates mouse platelets in plasma exclusively through the type 2 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor. J Immunol 2013; 191:5807-10. [PMID: 24244016 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and its extracellular metabolites, LTD4 and LTE4, mediate airway inflammation. They signal through three specific receptors (type 1 cys-LT receptor [CysLT1R], CysLT2R, and GPR99) with overlapping ligand preferences. In this article, we demonstrate that LTC4, but not LTD4 or LTE4, activates mouse platelets exclusively through CysLT2R. Platelets expressed CysLT1R and CysLT2R proteins. LTC4 induced surface expression of CD62P by wild-type mouse platelets in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and caused their secretion of thromboxane A2 and CXCL4. LTC4 was fully active on PRP from mice lacking either CysLT1R or GPR99, but completely inactive on PRP from CysLT2R-null (Cysltr2(-/-)) mice. LTC4/CysLT2R signaling required an autocrine ADP-mediated response through P2Y12 receptors. LTC4 potentiated airway inflammation in a platelet- and CysLT2R-dependent manner. Thus, CysLT2R on platelets recognizes LTC4 with unexpected selectivity. Nascent LTC4 may activate platelets at a synapse with granulocytes before it is converted to LTD4, promoting mediator generation and the formation of leukocyte-platelet complexes that facilitate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Cummings
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115
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31
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Kanaoka Y, Maekawa A, Austen KF. Identification of GPR99 protein as a potential third cysteinyl leukotriene receptor with a preference for leukotriene E4 ligand. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:10967-72. [PMID: 23504326 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c113.453704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs), leukotriene C4 (LTC4), a conjugation product of glutathione and eicosatetraenoic acid, and its metabolites, LTD4 and LTE4, are lipid mediators of smooth muscle constriction and inflammation in asthma. LTD4 is the most potent ligand for the type 1 cys-LT receptor (CysLT1R), and LTC4 and LTD4 have similar lesser potency for CysLT2R, whereas LTE4 has little potency for either receptor. Cysltr1/Cysltr2(-/-) mice, lacking the two defined receptors, exhibited a comparable dose-dependent vascular leak to intradermal injection of LTC4 or LTD4 and an augmented response to LTE4 as compared with WT mice. As LTE4 retains a cysteine residue and might provide recognition via a dicarboxylic acid structure, we screened cDNAs within the P2Y nucleotide receptor family containing CysLTRs and dicarboxylic acid receptors with trans-activator reporter gene assays. GPR99, previously described as an oxoglutarate receptor (Oxgr1), showed both a functional and a binding response to LTE4 in these transfectants. We generated Gpr99(-/-) and Gpr99/Cysltr1/Cysltr2(-/-) mice for comparison with WT and Cysltr1/Cysltr2(-/-) mice. Strikingly, GPR99 deficiency in the Cysltr1/Cysltr2(-/-) mice virtually eliminated the vascular leak in response to the cys-LT ligands, indicating GPR99 as a potential CysLT3R active in the Cysltr1/Cysltr2(-/-) mice. Importantly, the Gpr99(-/-) mice showed a dose-dependent loss of LTE4-mediated vascular permeability, but not to LTC4 or LTD4, revealing a preference of GPR99 for LTE4 even when CysLT1R is present. As LTE4 is the predominant cys-LT species in inflamed tissues, GPR99 may provide a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Kanaoka
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and the Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Ago H, Okimoto N, Kanaoka Y, Morimoto G, Ukita Y, Saino H, Taiji M, Miyano M. A leukotriene C4 synthase inhibitor with the backbone of 5-(5-methylene-4-oxo-4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-ylamino) isophthalic acid. J Biochem 2013; 153:421-9. [PMID: 23378248 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvt007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs), leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and its metabolites, LTD4 and LTE4, are proinflammatory lipid mediators in asthma and other inflammatory diseases. They are generated through the 5-lipoxygenase/LTC4 synthase (LTC4S) pathway and act via at least two distinct G protein-coupled receptors. The inhibition of human LTC4S will make a simple way to treat the cys-LT relevant inflammatory diseases. Here, we show that compounds having 5-(5-methylene-4-oxo-4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-ylamino) isophthalic acid moiety suppress LTC4 synthesis, glutathione conjugation to the precursor LTA4, in both an enzyme assay and a whole-cell assay. Hierarchical in silico screenings of 6 million compounds provided 300,000 dataset for docking, and after energy minimization based on the crystal structure of LTC4S, 111 compounds were selected as candidates for a competitive inhibitor to glutathione. One of those compounds showed significant inhibitory activity, and subsequently, its derivative 5-((Z)-5-((E)-2-methyl-3-phenylallylidene)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-ylamino) isophthalic acid (compound 1) was found to be the most potent inhibitor. The enzyme assay showed the IC50 was 1.9 µM and the corresponding 95% confidence interval was from 1.7 to 2.2 µM. The whole-cell assay showed that compound 1 was cell permeable and inhibited LTC4 synthesis in a concentration dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Ago
- Structural Biophysics Laboratory, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Harima Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan, USA.
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Barrett NA, Fernandez JM, Maekawa A, Xing W, Li L, Parsons MW, Austen KF, Kanaoka Y. Cysteinyl leukotriene 2 receptor on dendritic cells negatively regulates ligand-dependent allergic pulmonary inflammation. J Immunol 2012; 189:4556-65. [PMID: 23002438 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs) can mediate Th2 immunity to the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae, via the type 1 receptor CysLT(1)R on dendritic cells (DCs). However, the role of the homologous type 2 receptor CysLT(2)R in Th2 immunity is unknown. D. farinae sensitization and challenge of CysLT(2)R-deficient mice showed a marked augmentation of eosinophilic pulmonary inflammation, serum IgE, and Th2 cytokines. Wild-type (WT) mice sensitized by adoptive transfer of D. farinae-pulsed CysLT(2)R-deficient bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) also had a marked increase in D. farinae-elicited eosinophilic lung inflammation and Th2 cytokines in restimulated hilar nodes. This response was absent in mice sensitized with D. farinae-pulsed BMDCs lacking leukotriene C(4) synthase (LTC(4)S), CysLT(1)R, or both CysLT(2)R/LTC(4)S, suggesting that CysLT(2)R negatively regulates LTC(4)S- and CysLT(1)R-dependent DC-mediated sensitization. CysLT(2)R-deficient BMDCs had increased CysLT(1)R-dependent LTD(4)-induced ERK phosphorylation, whereas N-methyl LTC(4) activation of CysLT(2)R on WT BMDCs reduced such signaling. Activation of endogenously expressed CysLT(1)R and CysLT(2)R occurred over an equimolar range of LTD(4) and N-methyl LTC(4), respectively. Although the baseline expression of cell surface CysLT(1)R was not increased on CysLT(2)R-deficient BMDCs, it was upregulated at 24 h by a pulse of D. farinae, compared with WT or CysLT(2)R/LTC(4)S-deficient BMDCs. Importantly, treatment with N-methyl LTC(4) reduced D. farinae-induced CysLT(1)R expression on WT BMDCs. Thus, CysLT(2)R negatively regulates the development of cys-LT-dependent Th2 pulmonary inflammation by inhibiting both CysLT(1)R signaling and D. farinae-induced LTC(4)S-dependent cell surface expression of CysLT(1)R on DCs. Furthermore, these studies highlight how the biologic activity of cys-LTs can be tightly regulated by competition between these endogenously expressed receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Petersen B, Austen KF, Bloch KD, Hotta Y, Ichinose F, Kanaoka Y, Zapol WM. Cysteinyl leukotrienes impair hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in endotoxemic mice. Anesthesiology 2011; 115:804-11. [PMID: 21934409 PMCID: PMC3194098 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0b013e31822e94bd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis impairs hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in patients and animal models, contributing to systemic hypoxemia. Concentrations of cysteinyl leukotrienes are increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with sepsis, but the contribution of cysteinyl leukotrienes to the impairment of HPV is unknown. METHODS Wild-type mice, mice deficient in leukotriene C(4) synthase, the enzyme responsible for cysteinyl leukotriene synthesis, and mice deficient in cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 were studied 18 h after challenge with either saline or endotoxin. HPV was measured by the increase in left pulmonary vascular resistance induced by left mainstem bronchus occlusion. Concentrations of cysteinyl leukotrienes were determined in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. RESULTS In the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of all three strains, cysteinyl leukotrienes were not detectable after saline challenge; whereas endotoxin challenge increased cysteinyl leukotriene concentrations in wild-type mice and mice deficient in cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1, but not in mice deficient in leukotriene C(4) synthase. HPV did not differ among the three mouse strains after saline challenge (120 ± 26, 114 ± 16, and 115 ± 24%, respectively; mean ± SD). Endotoxin challenge markedly impaired HPV in wild-type mice (41 ± 20%) but only marginally in mice deficient in leukotriene C(4) synthase (96 ± 16%, P < 0.05 vs. wild-type mice), thereby preserving systemic oxygenation. Although endotoxin modestly decreased HPV in mice deficient in cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (80 ± 29%, P < 0.05 vs. saline challenge), the magnitude of impairment was markedly less than in endotoxin-challenged wild-type mice. CONCLUSION Cysteinyl leukotrienes importantly contribute to endotoxin-induced impairment of HPV in part via a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodil Petersen
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Kanaoka Y. [Cysteinyl reukotriene receptors]. Seikagaku 2011; 83:609-614. [PMID: 21866871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Kanaoka
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Sapieha P, Stahl A, Chen J, Seaward MR, Willett KL, Krah NM, Dennison RJ, Connor KM, Aderman CM, Liclican E, Carughi A, Perelman D, Kanaoka Y, Sangiovanni JP, Gronert K, Smith LEH. 5-Lipoxygenase metabolite 4-HDHA is a mediator of the antiangiogenic effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Sci Transl Med 2011; 3:69ra12. [PMID: 21307302 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipid signaling is dysregulated in many diseases with vascular pathology, including cancer, diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, and age-related macular degeneration. We have previously demonstrated that diets enriched in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) effectively reduce pathological retinal neovascularization in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy, in part through metabolic products that suppress microglial-derived tumor necrosis factor-α. To better understand the protective effects of ω-3 PUFAs, we examined the relative importance of major lipid metabolic pathways and their products in contributing to this effect. ω-3 PUFA diets were fed to four lines of mice deficient in each key lipid-processing enzyme (cyclooxygenase 1 or 2, or lipoxygenase 5 or 12/15), retinopathy was induced by oxygen exposure; only loss of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) abrogated the protection against retinopathy of dietary ω-3 PUFAs. This protective effect was due to 5-LOX oxidation of the ω-3 PUFA lipid docosahexaenoic acid to 4-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid (4-HDHA). 4-HDHA directly inhibited endothelial cell proliferation and sprouting angiogenesis via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), independent of 4-HDHA's anti-inflammatory effects. Our study suggests that ω-3 PUFAs may be profitably used as an alternative or supplement to current anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment for proliferative retinopathy and points to the therapeutic potential of ω-3 PUFAs and metabolites in other diseases of vasoproliferation. It also suggests that cyclooxygenase inhibitors such as aspirin and ibuprofen (but not lipoxygenase inhibitors such as zileuton) might be used without losing the beneficial effect of dietary ω-3 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Sapieha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Saino H, Ukita Y, Ago H, Irikura D, Nisawa A, Ueno G, Yamamoto M, Kanaoka Y, Lam BK, Austen KF, Miyano M. The catalytic architecture of leukotriene C4 synthase with two arginine residues. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:16392-401. [PMID: 21454538 PMCID: PMC3091245 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.150177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene (LT) C(4) and its metabolites, LTD(4) and LTE(4), are involved in the pathobiology of bronchial asthma. LTC(4) synthase is the nuclear membrane-embedded enzyme responsible for LTC(4) biosynthesis, catalyzing the conjugation of two substrates that have considerably different water solubility; that amphipathic LTA(4) as a derivative of arachidonic acid and a water-soluble glutathione (GSH). A previous crystal structure revealed important details of GSH binding and implied a GSH activating function for Arg-104. In addition, Arg-31 was also proposed to participate in the catalysis based on the putative LTA(4) binding model. In this study enzymatic assay with mutant enzymes demonstrates that Arg-104 is required for the binding and activation of GSH and that Arg-31 is needed for catalysis probably by activating the epoxide group of LTA(4).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoko Ukita
- From the Structural Biophysics Laboratory and
| | - Hideo Ago
- From the Structural Biophysics Laboratory and
| | | | - Atsushi Nisawa
- Research Infrastructure Group, RIKEN SPring-8
Center, Harima Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan and
| | - Go Ueno
- Research Infrastructure Group, RIKEN SPring-8
Center, Harima Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan and
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- Research Infrastructure Group, RIKEN SPring-8
Center, Harima Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan and
| | - Yoshihide Kanaoka
- the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical
School and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and
Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Bing K. Lam
- the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical
School and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and
Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - K. Frank Austen
- the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical
School and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and
Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Barrett NA, Rahman OM, Fernandez JM, Parsons MW, Xing W, Austen KF, Kanaoka Y. Dectin-2 mediates Th2 immunity through the generation of cysteinyl leukotrienes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:593-604. [PMID: 21357742 PMCID: PMC3058587 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20100793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The innate signaling pathways for Th2 immunity activated by inhaled antigens are not well defined. We previously identified Dectin-2 as a receptor for glycans in allergen extracts from the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) that mediates cysteinyl leukotriene (cys-LT) generation from pulmonary CD11c+ cells and from GM-CSF-cultured bone marrow cells (BMCs(GM-CSF)). Using lentiviral knockdown of Dectin-2 in BMCs(GM-CSF) and adoptive transfer of Df-pulsed BMCs(GM-CSF) to sensitize naive mice, we now report that Dectin-2 is critical for the development of Df-elicited eosinophilic and neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation and Th2 cytokine generation in the lungs and restimulated lymph nodes. Sensitization with Df-pulsed BMCs(GM-CSF) from LTC(4) synthase (LTC(4)S)-deficient mice or type 1 cys-LT receptor (CysLT1R)-deficient mice demonstrated that both proteins were required for Df-elicited eosinophilic pulmonary inflammation and Th2 cytokine generation in the lungs and restimulated lymph nodes. Direct sensitization and challenge of Ltc4s-/- and Cysltr1-/- mice confirmed that cys-LTs mediate these parameters of Df-elicited Th2 pulmonary inflammation. Thus, the Dectin-2-cys-LT pathway is critical for the induction of Th2 immunity to a major allergen, in part through CysLT1R. These findings identify a previously unrecognized link between a myeloid C-type lectin receptor and Th2 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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He P, Laidlaw T, Maekawa A, Kanaoka Y, Xu K, Lam BK. Oxidative stress suppresses cysteinyl leukotriene generation by mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:8277-8286. [PMID: 21233206 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.205567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes and oxidative stress have both been implicated in bronchial asthma; however, there is no previous study that focused on the ability of oxidative stress to alter cysteinyl leukotriene generation. In this study, treatment of bone marrow-derived mast cells with prostaglandin D(2) reduced their ability to generate leukotriene (LT) C(4) upon calcium ionophore stimulation but had little effect on LTB(4) generation. This effect could be reproduced by a selective agonist of the DP(2) receptor, 15R-methyl prostaglandin D(2) (15R-D(2)). 15R-D(2) dose-dependently inhibited LTC(4) generation with an IC(50) of 2 μM, and the effect was not altered by a DP(2)/thromboxane antagonist or by a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ antagonist. 15R-D(2) exerted its suppressive effect via a reduction in intracellular GSH, a mechanism that involved the conjugation of its non-enzymatic breakdown product to GSH. At 10 μM, 15R-D(2) reduced LTC(4) generation to 10%, intracellular GSH to 50%, and LTC(4) synthase (LTC(4)S) activity to 33.5% of untreated cells without altering immunoreactive LTC(4)S protein expression or 5-lipoxygenase activity. The effects of 15R-D(2) on LTC(4)S activity could be partially reversed by reducing reagent. The sulfhydryl-reactive oxidative agent diamide suppressed LTC(4)S activity and induced a reversible formation of covalent dimer LTC(4)S. LTC(4)S bearing a C56S mutation was resistant to the effect of diamide. Covalent dimer LTC(4)S was observed in nasal polyp biopsies, indicating that dimerization and inactivation of LTC(4)S can occur at the site of inflammation. These results suggest a cellular redox regulation of LTC(4)S function through a post-translational mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping He
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Tanya Laidlaw
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Akiko Maekawa
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Yoshihide Kanaoka
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Kongyi Xu
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Bing K Lam
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
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Maekawa A, Xing W, Austen KF, Kanaoka Y. GPR17 regulates immune pulmonary inflammation induced by house dust mites. J Immunol 2010; 185:1846-54. [PMID: 20574000 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Antagonists of the type 1 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor (CysLT(1)R) are efficacious for bronchoconstriction in humans with bronchial asthma; however, the clinical response to these drugs is heterogeneous. In particular, how CysLT(1)R expression and function are constitutively regulated in vivo is not known. In this study, we show that a seven-transmembrane receptor, GPR17, negatively regulates the CysLT(1)R-mediated inflammatory cell accumulation in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung, the levels of IgE and specific IgG1 in serum, and Th2/Th17 cytokine expression in the lung after intranasal sensitization and challenge with the house dust mite (extract of Dermatophagoides farinae [Df]) in mice. Sensitization of naive wild-type recipients with Df-pulsed bone marrow-derived dendritic cells of each genotype or sensitization of each genotype with Df-pulsed wild-type bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and Df challenge revealed markedly increased pulmonary inflammatory and serum IgE responses for GPR17-deficient mice as compared with wild-type mice and reduced responses in the genotypes lacking CysLT(1)R. These findings reveal a constitutive negative regulation of CysLT(1)R functions by GPR17 in both the Ag presentation and downstream phases of allergic pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Maekawa
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Queto T, Gaspar-Elsas MI, Masid-de-Brito D, Vasconcelos ZFM, Ferraris FK, Penido C, Cunha FQ, Kanaoka Y, Lam BK, Xavier-Elsas P. Cysteinyl-leukotriene type 1 receptors transduce a critical signal for the up-regulation of eosinophilopoiesis by interleukin-13 and eotaxin in murine bone marrow. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 87:885-93. [PMID: 20219953 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1108709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-13 and eotaxin play important, inter-related roles in asthma models. In the lungs, CysLT, produced by the 5-LO-LTC4S pathway, mediate some local responses to IL-13 and eotaxin; in bone marrow, CysLT enhance IL-5-dependent eosinophil differentiation. We examined the effects of IL-13 and eotaxin on eosinophil differentiation. Semi-solid or liquid cultures were established from murine bone marrow with GM-CSF or IL-5, respectively, and the effects of IL-13, eotaxin, or CysLT on eosinophil colony formation and on eosinophil differentiation in liquid culture were evaluated, in the absence or presence of: a) the 5-LO inhibitor zileuton, the FLAP inhibitor MK886, or the CysLT1R antagonists, montelukast and MK571; b) mutations that inactivate 5-LO, LTC4S, or CysLT1R; and c) neutralizing mAb against eotaxin and its CCR3 receptor. Both cytokines enhanced GM-CSF-dependent eosinophil colony formation and IL-5-stimulated eosinophil differentiation. Although IL-13 did not induce eotaxin production, its effects were abolished by anti-eotaxin and anti-CCR3 antibodies, suggesting up-regulation by IL-13 of responses to endogenous eotaxin. Anti-CCR3 blocked eotaxin completely. The effects of both cytokines were prevented by zileuton, MK886, montelukast, and MK571, as well as by inactivation of the genes coding for 5-LO, LTC4S, and CysLT1R. In the absence of either cytokine, these treatments or mutations had no effect. These findings provide evidence for: a) a novel role of eotaxin and IL-13 in regulating eosinophilopoiesis; and b) a role for CysLTRs in bone marrow cells in transducing cytokine regulatory signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulio Queto
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto Fernandes Figueira, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Fujitani Y, Aritake K, Kanaoka Y, Goto T, Takahashi N, Fujimori K, Kawada T. Pronounced adipogenesis and increased insulin sensitivity caused by overproduction of prostaglandin D2 in vivo. FEBS J 2010; 277:1410-9. [PMID: 20136655 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipocalin-type prostaglandin (PG) D synthase is expressed in adipose tissues and involved in the regulation of glucose tolerance and atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes. However, the physiological roles of PGD(2) in adipogenesis in vivo are not clear, as lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase can also act as a transporter for lipophilic molecules, such as retinoids. We generated transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing human hematopoietic PGDS (H-PGDS) and investigated the in vivo functions of PGD(2) in adipogenesis. PGD(2) production in white adipose tissue of H-PGDS TG mice was increased approximately seven-fold as compared with that in wild-type (WT) mice. With a high-fat diet, H-PGDS TG mice gained more body weight than WT mice. Serum leptin and insulin levels were increased in H-PGDS TG mice, and the triglyceride level was decreased by about 50% as compared with WT mice. Furthermore, in the white adipose tissue of H-PGDS TG mice, transcription levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, fatty acid binding protein 4 and lipoprotein lipase were increased approximately two-fold to five-fold as compared with those of WT mice. Finally, H-PGDS TG mice showed clear hypoglycemia after insulin clamp. These results indicate that TG mice overexpressing H-PGDS abundantly produced PGD(2) in adipose tissues, resulting in pronounced adipogenesis and increased insulin sensitivity. The present study provides the first evidence that PGD(2) participates in the differentiation of adipocytes and in insulin sensitivity in vivo, and the H-PGDS TG mice could constitute a novel model mouse for diabetes studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Fujitani
- Department of Molecular Behavioral Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Japan
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Zhao G, Johnson MC, Schnell JR, Kanaoka Y, Haase W, Irikura D, Lam BK, Schmidt-Krey I. Two-dimensional crystallization conditions of human leukotriene C4 synthase requiring adjustment of a particularly large combination of specific parameters. J Struct Biol 2009; 169:450-4. [PMID: 19903529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human leukotriene C(4) synthase (LTC(4)S) forms highly ordered two-dimensional (2D) crystals under specific reconstitution conditions. It was found that control of a larger number of parameters than is usually observed for 2D crystallization of membrane proteins was necessary to induce crystal formation of LTC(4)S. Here, we describe the parameters that were optimized to yield large and well-ordered 2D crystals of LTC(4)S. Careful fractioning of eluates during the protein purification was essential for obtaining crystals. While the lipid-to-protein ratio was critical in obtaining order, four parameters were decisive in inducing growth of crystals that were up to several microns in size. To obtain a favorable diameter, salt, temperature, glycerol, and initial detergent concentration had to be controlled with great care. Interestingly, several crystal forms could be grown, namely the plane group symmetries of p2, p3, p312, and two different unit cell sizes of plane group symmetry p321.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zhao
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Biology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Nishimura K, Nakamura Y, Harada S, Saiki M, Marumoto A, Kanaoka Y, Nishimura M. [Vacuum-assisted closure therapy for the treatment of sternal wound infection after cardiac surgery]. Kyobu Geka 2009; 62:1053-1055. [PMID: 19894569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sternal wound infection is still one of the critical and challenging complications after cardiac surgery. Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy is a unique and simple system that helps promote wound healing. We report 3 cases with the sternal wound infection after cardiac surgery, in which VAC therapy was applied between January, 2005 and April, 2007. Two of them had good response to VAC therapy and had their wound healed after 3 and 5 weeks, respectively. However, the remaining case, in which bilateral internal thoracic artery had been taken down for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and osteomyelitis of the sternum was not well controlled, did not respond to VAC therapy. Our results suggested that VAC might facilitate wound healing of the patients with sternal wound infection only after abscess was drained and opened, while it might not be useful for the patents with osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nishimura
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
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Paruchuri S, Tashimo H, Feng C, Maekawa A, Xing W, Jiang Y, Kanaoka Y, Conley P, Boyce JA. Leukotriene E4-induced pulmonary inflammation is mediated by the P2Y12 receptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:2543-55. [PMID: 19822647 PMCID: PMC2768854 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20091240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Of the potent lipid inflammatory mediators comprising the cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTs; LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4), only LTE4 is stable and abundant in vivo. Although LTE4 shows negligible activity at the type 1 and 2 receptors for cys-LTs (CysLT1R and CysLT2R), it is a powerful inducer of mucosal eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness in humans with asthma. We show that the adenosine diphosphate (ADP)–reactive purinergic (P2Y12) receptor is required for LTE4-mediated pulmonary inflammation. P2Y12 receptor expression permits LTE4 -induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in Chinese hamster ovary cells and permits chemokine and prostaglandin D2 production by LAD2 cells, a human mast cell line. P2Y12 receptor expression by LAD2 cells is required for competition between radiolabeled ADP and unlabeled LTE4 but not for direct binding of LTE4, suggesting that P2Y12 complexes with another receptor to recognize LTE4. Administration of LTE4 to the airways of sensitized mice potentiates eosinophilia, goblet cell metaplasia, and expression of interleukin-13 in response to low-dose aerosolized allergen. These responses persist in mice lacking both CysLT1R and CysLT2R but not in mice lacking P2Y12 receptors. The effects of LTE4 on P2Y12 in the airway were abrogated by platelet depletion. Thus, the P2Y12 receptor is required for proinflammatory actions of the stable abundant mediator LTE4 and is a novel potential therapeutic target for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailaja Paruchuri
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Austen KF, Maekawa A, Kanaoka Y, Boyce JA. The leukotriene E4 puzzle: finding the missing pieces and revealing the pathobiologic implications. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 124:406-14; quiz 415-6. [PMID: 19647860 PMCID: PMC2739263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular parent of the cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs), leukotriene (LT) C(4), is formed by conjugation of LTA(4) and reduced glutathione by LTC(4) synthase in mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, and macrophages. After extracellular export, LTC(4) is converted to LTD(4) and LTE(4) through sequential enzymatic removal of glutamic acid and then glycine. Only LTE(4) is sufficiently stable to be prominent in biologic fluids, such as urine or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, of asthmatic individuals and at sites of inflammation in animal models. LTE(4) has received little attention because it binds poorly to the classical type 1 and 2 cysLT receptors and is much less active on normal airways than LTC(4) or LTD(4). However, early studies indicated that LTE(4) caused skin swelling in human subjects as potently as LTC(4) and LTD(4), that airways of asthmatic subjects (particularly those that were aspirin sensitive) were selectively hyperresponsive to LTE(4), and that a potential distinct LTE(4) receptor was present in guinea pig trachea. Recent studies have begun to uncover receptors selective for LTE(4): P2Y(12), an adenosine diphosphate receptor, and CysLT(E)R, which was observed functionally in the skin of mice lacking the type 1 and 2 cysLT receptors. These findings prompt a renewed focus on LTE(4) receptors as therapeutic targets that are not currently addressed by available receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Frank Austen
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, One Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, Tel: 617-525-1300, Fax: 617-525-1310, E-Mail:
| | - Akiko Maekawa
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, One Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, Tel: 617-525-1300, Fax: 617-525-1310, E-Mail:
| | - Yoshihide Kanaoka
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, One Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, Tel: 617-525-1300, Fax: 617-525-1310, E-Mail:
| | - Joshua A. Boyce
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, One Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, Tel: 617-525-1300, Fax: 617-525-1310, E-Mail:
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Nishimura K, Kanaoka Y, Ishiguro S, Harada S, Shiraya S, Fujiwara Y, Nakamura Y, Kamihira S, Nishimura M. Vacuum-assisted closure for bilateral severe ischemic foot after revascularization: a case report. INT ANGIOL 2009; 28:340-343. [PMID: 19648880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy is a unique system that helps promote wound healing. We report a case of severe ischemic foot in which VAC therapy markedly improved wound healing. A 73-year-old man underwent left axillopopliteal bypass and left 3rd, 4th , and 5th digital amputations for gangrene. Although his amputation stumps were complicated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, the stumps were successfully healed by VAC. He also had gangrene in his right 1st toe, which could not healed by VAC alone, and we performed right femoropopliteal bypass and right 1st digital amputation. The stump with MRSA infection was also successfully healed by VAC. Histopathologic examination revealed a lot of microvessels in the increased granulation tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nishimura
- Division of Organ Regeneration Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan.
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Jiang Y, Borrelli L, Bacskai BJ, Kanaoka Y, Boyce JA. P2Y6 receptors require an intact cysteinyl leukotriene synthetic and signaling system to induce survival and activation of mast cells. J Immunol 2009; 182:1129-37. [PMID: 19124756 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.2.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs) induce inflammatory responses through type 1 (CysLT1R) and type 2 (CysLT2R) cys-LT receptors and activate mast cells in vitro. We previously demonstrated that cys-LTs cross-desensitized IL-4-primed primary human mast cells (hMCs) to stimulation with the nucleotide uridine diphosphate (UDP). We now report that hMCs, mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (mBMMCs), and the human MC line LAD2 all express UDP-selective P2Y6 receptors that cooperate with CysLT1R to promote cell survival and chemokine generation by a pathway involving reciprocal ligand-mediated cross-talk. Leukotriene (LT) D4, the most potent CysLT1R ligand, and UDP both induced phosphorylation of ERK and prolonged the survival of cytokine-starved hMCs and mBMMCs. ERK activation and cytoprotection in response to either ligand were attenuated by treatment of the cells with a selective P2Y6 receptor antagonist (MRS2578), which did not interfere with signaling through recombinant CysLT1R. Surprisingly, both UDP and LTD4-mediated ERK activation and cytoprotection were absent in mBMMCs lacking CysLT1R and the biosynthetic enzyme LTC4 synthase, implying a requirement for a cys-LT-mediated autocrine loop. In IL-4-primed LAD2 cells, LTD4 induced the generation of MIP-1beta, a response blocked by short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of CysLT1R or P2Y6 receptors, but not of CysLT2R. Thus, CysLT1R and P2Y6 receptors, which are coexpressed on many cell types of innate immunity, reciprocally amplify one another's function in mast cells through endogenous ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Barrett NA, Maekawa A, Rahman OM, Austen KF, Kanaoka Y. Dectin-2 recognition of house dust mite triggers cysteinyl leukotriene generation by dendritic cells. J Immunol 2009; 182:1119-28. [PMID: 19124755 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.2.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
House dust mites are a significant source of airborne allergen worldwide, but there is little understanding of how they so potently generate allergic inflammation. We found that extracts from the house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and from the mold Aspergillus fumigatus stimulated a rapid and robust production of cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs), proinflammatory lipid mediators, from mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Con A affinity chromatography of the Df extract revealed that the relevant ligand is a glycan(s), suggesting stimulation via a dendritic cell (DC) lectin receptor. Cys-LT production in BMDCs from wild-type mice was inhibited by spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitors and was abolished in BMDCs from FcRgamma-/- mice, implicating either Dectin-2 or DC immunoactivating receptor. Transfection of each receptor in bone marrow-derived mast cells revealed that only Dectin-2 mediates cys-LT production by Df, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and Aspergillus fumigatus. Lentiviral knockdown of Dectin-2 in BMDCs attenuated Df extract-elicited cys-LT generation, thereby identifying Dectin-2 as the receptor. Lung CD11c+ cells, but not peritoneal or alveolar macrophages, also generated cys-LTs in response to Df. These findings place Dectin-2 among the C-type lectin receptors that activate arachidonic acid metabolism and identify the Dectin-2/FcRgamma/Syk/cys-LT axis as a novel mechanism by which three potent indoor allergens may activate innate immune cells to promote allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Ago H, Kanaoka Y, Irikura D, Lam B, Shimamura T, Austen F, Miyano M. Crystal structure analysis of human membrane-integrated protein leukotriene C 4synthase. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308091721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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