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Naeem S, Ali L, Jaffar N, Khan SS, Shafiq Y, Suri S, Tahir A. Shark fish oil prevents scopolamine-induced memory impairment in an experimental model. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:15-27. [PMID: 38008885 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Fish oil has been known for its antioxidant, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective characteristics due to the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that are essential for optimal brain function and mental health. The present study investigated the effect of Carcharhinus Bleekeri (Shark Fish) oil on learning and memory functions in scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats. Locomotor and memory-enhancing activity in scopolamine-induced amnesic rats was investigated by assessing the open field and passive avoidance paradigm. Forty male Albino mice were divided into 4 equal groups (n = 10) as bellow: 1 - control (received 0.9% saline), 2 - SCOP (received scopolamine 2 mg/kg for 21 days), 3 - SCOP + SFO (received scopolamine and fish oil 5 mg/kg/ day for 21 days), 4 - SCOP + Donepezil groups (received 3 mg/kg/day for 21 days). SFO produced significant (P < 0.01) locomotor and memory-enhancing activities in open-field and passive avoidance paradigm models. Additionally, SFO restored the Acetylcholine (ACh) concentration in the hippocampus (p < 0.05) and remarkably prevented the degradation of monoamines. Histology of brain tissue showed marked cellular distortion in the scopolamine-treated group, while the SFO treatment restored distortion in the brain's hippocampus region. These results suggest that the SFO significantly ameliorates scopolamine-induced spatial memory impairment by attenuating the ACh and monoamine concentrations in the rat's hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Naeem
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Liaquat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Jaffar
- Department of Pathology, Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saira Saeed Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yousra Shafiq
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Suri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Anosh Tahir
- Dow Institute of Medical Technology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Gadour E, Musharaf M, Hafeez S, Shafiq Y. Timing Of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) In Patients With Acute Gallstone Pancreatitis During The First Wave Of Covid-19 Pandemic, Are We Following The Guidelines! ESGE Days 2021 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1724835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Gadour
- University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Gastroenterology
| | - M Musharaf
- University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Gastroenterology
| | - S Hafeez
- University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Gastroenterology
| | - Y Shafiq
- University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Gastroenterology
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Naeem S, Ali L, Ikram R, Khan SS, Shareef H, Shafiq Y, Alam N, Adil A. Comparative antioxidant and analgesic effect of sesame oil, fish oil and their combination in experimental animal model. Pak J Pharm Sci 2021; 34:499-506. [PMID: 34275822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural oils are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFs) like omega 3, omega 6 and other nutrients that boost physical and mental health. Traditionally these oils have been used to treat joint pain associated with several inflammatory conditions. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and analgesic properties of the sesame oil (SO), fish oil (FO) and combination of these two oils (SO+FO). Different concentrations of the SO, FO and SO+FO combination 0.02-4mg/ml were used for assessing the free radical scavenging activity by DPPH method and the IC50 value was calculated. Acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test, tail immersion and hot plate models were used to determined analgesic effect. Results showed that both oils were well tolerated as no signs of toxicity or death were noticed during the observational study period. SO+FO combination showed the best antioxidant properties as shown by DPPH assay. Similarly in analgesic models, SO and FO significantly reduced the number of abdominal contractions (p<0.05) however, SO+FO (1:1) exhibited highly significant results (p<0.001) in writhing reflex test. Furthermore, SO and FO both increased the reaction time on a hot plate as well as in tail flick test (p<0.05) whereas, SO+FO significantly increased reaction time (p<0.001) in hot plate and in tail flick test as compared to SO and FO single treatments. Conclusively, our results suggest that the combination of both oils (SO+FO) exhibited significant antioxidant and analgesic potential that it could be considered as one of the active combinations for relieving pain in adjunctive treatment for joint pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Naeem
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Liaquat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rahila Ikram
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saira Saeed Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Huma Shareef
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yousra Shafiq
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nausheen Alam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Urdu University Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Anum Adil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Asghar MA, Rehman AA, Raza ML, Shafiq Y, Asghar MA. Analysis of treatment adherence and cost among patients with epilepsy: a four-year retrospective cohort study in Pakistan. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:72. [PMID: 33468110 PMCID: PMC7816349 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adherence pattern of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) among patients with epilepsy is relatively lower in the United States and different European countries. However, adherence and cost analysis of AEDs in Asian countries have not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the cost and adherence of AEDs and its associated factors in patients followed in Pakistan. METHODS Data from prescriptions collected from patients with epilepsy who have visited the Outpatient Department (OPD) of different tertiary care hospitals at the cosmopolitan city of Karachi, Pakistan from December 2015 to November 2019. The mean follow-up period for each participant was about 22 months. Pairwise comparisons from Cox regression/hazard ratios were used to assess the predictors of adherence. Direct costs of AEDs were calculated and presented as the annual cost of drugs. RESULTS A total of 11,490 patients were included in this study, 51.2 % were male and 48.8 % were female with a mean age of 45.2 ± 15.8 y. Levetiracetam was found as the most prescribing AED in all study participants (32.9 %). Of them, 49.1 % of patients continued their initial recommended treatment. However, 31.3 % of patients have discontinued the therapy, while, 19.6 % were switched to other AED. Adherence with initial treatment was more profound in male (57.4 %) patients, compared to female with a mean age of 44.2 years. Lamotrigine users (60.6 %) showed a higher tendency to retain on initially prescribed drugs. The total cost of epilepsy treatment in the entire study cohort was 153280.5 PKR ($941.9). By applying the Cox regression analysis, it can be observed that the patients with increasing age (OR, 2.04), migraine (OR, 2.21), psychiatric disorders (OR, 4.28), other comorbidities (OR, 1.52) and users of other than top five prescribing AEDs (2.35) were at higher risk of treatment discontinuation. However, levetiracetam (OR, 0.69), valproic acid (OR, 0.52), carbamazepine (OR, 0.81), lamotrigine (OR, 0.80) or lacosamide (OR, 0.65) users have more chances to continue their initial therapy. CONCLUSIONS Similar to western countries, the majority of patients with epilepsy exhibited low adherence with AEDs. Various associated factors for improving adherence were identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arif Asghar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Ahad Abdul Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Liaquat Raza
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Dewan University, Karachi, Pakistan.,Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yousra Shafiq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Asghar
- Food and Feed Safety Laboratory, Food and Marine Resources Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Shahrah-e-Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Off University Road, 75280, Sindh, Pakistan
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Saeed Khan S, Adil A, Naeem S, Jaffar N, Khatoon H, Ansar H, Shafiq Y. Evaluation of Acute and Chronic Antidiabetic Activity of Ivy (<i>Hedera helix</i> L.) Aqueous Leaf Extract in Rat Model. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:1357-1368. [PMID: 33274862 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.1357.1368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Hedera helix L. (Ivy) has been utilized as an alternative medicine for cough however, through extensive literature search; we found no reported activity of ivy on α-glucosidase inhibition, HbA1c levels and its protective effect on vital organs. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic and protective effect of ivy in alloxan induced rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hypoglycemic activity of ivy was examined in normoglycemic, glucose overloaded and alloxan-induced rats. The antidiabetic potential was also confirmed by estimation of HbA1c and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. RESULTS Results of acute and chronic study revealed that ivy produced highly significant decline (p<0.01) in fasting and post-prandial blood sugar levels as compared to diabetic control and standard group respectively. Furthermore, highly significant decline (p<0.01) in HbA1c levels were seen after chronic administration of ivy indicating its therapeutic effect in lowering HbA1c levels during long term use. It was found that ivy produced stronger and highly significant (p<0.05) inhibition of α-glucosidase activity than the standard agent acarbose at 500 μg mL-1. CONCLUSION The histopathological studies of vital organs revealed protective effect of ivy via maintaining the normal architecture as compared to alloxan model. Hence, our findings support the potential use of ivy for diabetes management.
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Asghar MA, Rehman AA, Shafiq Y, Siddiq A, Zehravi M, Khan K, Asghar MA, Abedin S. Relationship of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders with Religion and Psychosocial attitude among Local Medical College Students of Karachi: An epidemiological study. J PAK MED ASSOC 2020; 70:1563-1567. [PMID: 33040109 DOI: 10.5455/jpma.34245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the awareness, prevalence and attitude of medical students towards obsessive compulsive disorder. Method The cross-sectional study was conducted at different medical institutions in Karachi from August to October 2018, and comprised medical students who were selected using random sampling. The participants were asked to fill demographic form as well as the obsessive compulsive disorder Yale-Brown scale-based questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. RESULTS Of the 1172 subjects, 602(51.4%) were aware of obsessive compulsive disorder, while 570(48.6%) were unaware. Washing, counting and arranging were higher among females than in males (p<0.004). Fear, shame and stigma were of major concerns (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Awareness level of medical students regarding obsessive compulsive disorder was very low.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahad Abdul Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yousra Shafiq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Afshan Siddiq
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy for Girls, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamran Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Asghar
- Food and Feed Safety Laboratory, Food and Marine Resources Research Centre, PCSIR, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saima Abedin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Bushra R, Ghayas S, Ali H, Zafar F, Shafiq Y, Ahmed K. Stability and in vitro release kinetic studies of cinitapride (1mg) mouth dissolving tablets. Pak J Pharm Sci 2019; 32:793-798. [PMID: 31103974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cinitapride has been widely given in gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) and dysphagia due to irregularities of GI motilities. Mouth dissolving tablets were prepared for rapid availability and action of drug. Multi-point dissolution studies were conducted in 0.1 N HCl solution of pH 1.2 and phosphate buffer of pH 4.5 and 6.8. Drug release profile showed higher liberation of cinitapride at lower pH then basic medium (<80%). Formulation containing crospovidone (10%) was found to be optimized trial having excellent quality pharmaceutical attributes. The lowest AIC, highest MSC and regression (> 0.9) values were observed for Weibull kinetics in all dissolution medium reflecting the excellent model fitting for the present study. Accelerated stability testing data showed excellent results of drug assay (>99%) along with physical characteristics indicating the absence of drug degradation as well excipient interaction. The estimated shelf life period of various optimized trial formulations was found in between 33 to 41 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Bushra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sana Ghayas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Huma Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah Sind Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farya Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yousra Shafiq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah Sind Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Bushra R, Rehman A, Ghayas S, Zafar F, Ali H, Shafiq Y, Khalid F, Khan MA, Hanif A, Mustapha O. Formulation design, characterization and optimization of cinitapride (1mg) immediate release tablets using direct compression technology. Pak J Pharm Sci 2018; 31:2725-2731. [PMID: 30587486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cinitapride hydrogen tartarate is relatively a new prokinetic agent that widely prescribed for GERD and epigastric pain. Present study was aimed to develop and optimize cinitapride (1 mg) immediate release (IR) tablet formulation(s) by direct compression using central composite rotatable technique. Overall nine formulations (FC1-FC9) were generated by varying the composition of binder avicel PH 102 (X1) and superdisintegrant crospovidone (X2). The effect of interaction of excipients on hardness (Y1), friability (Y2), disintegration (Y3) and dissolution at 15 min (Y4) were analyzed by RSM plotting. On the basis of physico-chemical evaluation FC3, FC4 and FC6 were found to be the optimized formulations however; FC3 was selected to be the best trial owing to excellent drug release (100.17%) with least friability (0.14%). These IR tablets showed the release pattern similar to the Weibull model with r2 value of 0.978-0.998. The dissimilarity (f1) and similarity indexes (f2) of FC3, FC4, FC6 with the marketed product were estimated to be 2.57 and 76.51, 4.51 and 64.46, 4.32 and 66.78 respectively. Trial optimized formulations were highly stable with the shelf lives of 58-64 months. So, keeping in view the results of present investigation, it is concluded that the technique of manufacturing and optimization is found to be excellent for developing immediate release cinitapride tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Bushra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Attaur Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sana Ghayas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farya Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Huma Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yousra Shafiq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farah Khalid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Maqsood Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Anas Hanif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Omer Mustapha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Shafiq Y, Naqvi SBS, Rizwani GH, Abbas T, Sharif H, Ali H, Asghar MA, Bushra R, Zafar F, Abdein S, Huma A. Assessment of killing kinetics assay and bactericidal mechanism of crude methanolic bark extract of Casuarina equisetifolia. Pak J Pharm Sci 2018; 31:2143-2148. [PMID: 30393225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Casuarina equisetifolia L. is an important medicinal plant widely used to treat various diseases particularly ulcers, diabetes, cough, diarrhea and many infectious and skin diseases. The aim of this research study was to examine the killing mechanism and killing kinetics assay of methanolic bark extract of C. equisetifolia against some highly resistant human pathogens. The comparison on antibacterial activity of extract was firstly done with six different well reputed antibiotics using disk diffusion method. The broth dilution method was used to measure the MIC and MBC values. The mechanism of killing was identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. Results showed that higher inhibitory zones were produced by methanolic plant extract than that of some tested antibiotics. The lower MIC and MBC values indicated the antibacterial potency of plant extract. The extract of C. equisetifolia produced a more drop in optical density of S. aureus, MRSA B. subtilis and S. epidermidis up to 12 hrs. The complete destruction of the cell membrane of MRSA was observed after 12 h treatment with plant extract. It is concluded that crude bark extract of C. equisetifolia is potent antimicrobial agent and produced both bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects. Its killing time was extremely faster especially against MRSA. The cell membrane rapturing is a suggested killing mechanism of plant extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra Shafiq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Ghazala H Rizwani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University Karachi, Pakistan / Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Abbas
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Huma Sharif
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Huma Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif Asghar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Bushra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farya Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saima Abdein
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Huma
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Ali H, Zafar F, Alam S, Beg AE, Bushra R, Manzoor A, Naqvi GR, Yasmeen R, Shafiq Y, Tariq A, Zubair S, Saleem S. Drug utilization and prescribing pattern of antibiotics in a tertiary care setups; trends and practices. Pak J Pharm Sci 2018; 31:691-697. [PMID: 29625943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Irrational, over and misuse of antibiotics arise as global concern in both hospital and community settings and lead to adverse events including antimicrobial resistance, associated health problems, amplified hospitalization stay and cost. Hence, Drug Utilization Evaluation (DUE) studies are designed to evaluate and improve the prescribing, administration and the rational use of medications. The present study was designed to assess the pattern of antimicrobial drug utilization in in-patients cohort of tertiary care setup in Karachi, Pakistan. This cross sectional observational study was conducted in retrospective manner. World health organization (WHO) guidelines and criteria are considered to evaluate the appropriateness of drug use in various disease conditions. ATC/DDD system was applied to determine the study outcome. High frequency of antibiotics utilization found in respiratory tract infections of both lower (LRTI) 16.8% (n=42) and upper (UTI) 13.2% (n=33). The estimated total number of drug units administered per month was greater with cefixime (46) and ciprofloxacin (45) both. DDD/100 bed days drug utilization of antibiotics was higher with ciprofloxacin, cefexime and meropenem (47, 46 and 29.25) correspondingly. In conclusion, the current investigation signifies extensive scope for progress in prescribing trend. Drug adherence to customary guidelines of disease management and constraint policies to endorse judicious drug use may be considered vital in healthcare setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Ali
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farya Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Ejaz Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Bushra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dow College of Pharmacy, DUHS, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Manzoor
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre [JPMC} Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala R Naqvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Yasmeen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dow College of Pharmacy, DUHS, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yousra Shafiq
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Anum Tariq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saba Zubair
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saima Saleem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, NICVD, Karachi, Pakistan
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Bushra R, Shoaib MH, Ali H, Shafiq Y, Zafar F, Alam S, Aslam N. Quality surveillance of immediate release aceclofenac tablets (100 mg) available in local market. Pak J Pharm Sci 2017; 30:2193-2201. [PMID: 29175789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aceclofenac is considered to be an effective drug that has been widely prescribed for multi-medical complaints globally. Owing to high demand many generic counterpart of aceclofenac tablets are now available in the commercial market. The aim of the present work is to evaluate and compare the quality attributes of various national/local brands of aceclofenac immediate release tablets (100mg) with the standard multi-national brand available in Pakistan. Physico-chemical evaluation was performed by determining the average tablet weight, thickness, hardness, disintegration time, percent dissolution and assay. Moreover, brands and reference formulation were exposed to multipoint dissolution. The in vitro drug release pattern was examined in various pH environment (1.2, 4.5 and 6.8) using USP dissolution apparatus 2 (paddle) at 50 rpm. The data was then analyzed by model dependent (Zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell, Korsmeyer & Peppas, and Weibull model), pair wise procedure (f1 & f2) and one-way ANOVA methods. Results showed that the all aceclofenac brands and the reference tablets followed Weibull kinetics at pH 6.8. f1 & f2 were also found to be within the acceptable FDA limits. Furthermore, the values of One-way ANOVA also confirmed the absence of any significant difference among various aceclofenac brands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Bushra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan / Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Harris Shoaib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Huma Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yousra Shafiq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farya Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nousheen Aslam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Bushra R, Sial AA, Rizvi M, Shafiq Y, Aslam N, Bano N. Report: Sensitivity pattern of ceftriaxone against different clinical isolates. Pak J Pharm Sci 2016; 29:249-253. [PMID: 26826836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Emerging resistance against broad-spectrum antibiotics for standard empiric therapy is a global concern. Ceftriaxone (broad spectrum, third generation cephalosporin) is widely used in tertiary care settings to treat severe bacterial infections usually non-responsive to other antibiotics. The aim of the study is to evaluate the current sensitivity pattern of ceftriaxone (30μg/disk) among different clinical isolates. For this purpose, three hundred clinical isolates including Escherichia coli (25%), Staphylococcus aureus (30%), Salmonella typhi (17%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae(20%) were collected from different pathological laboratories of Karachi, Pakistan. The in-vitro sensitivity of different Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria was determined by disk-diffusion technique using 0.5 McFarland standard. Results showed that ceftriaxone was highly sensitive against Escherichia coli (90%) and least sensitive against Klebsiella pneumoniae (65%). It is concluded that the sensitivity of ceftriaxone is progressively decreasing in comparison with past studies creating an alarming situation. Therefore, continuous surveillance is required to determine the current resistance status of clinical pathogens and for effective anti-microbial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Bushra
- Ziauddin College of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ali Akbar Sial
- Ziauddin College of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Rizvi
- Ziauddin College of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yousra Shafiq
- Ziauddin College of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nousheen Aslam
- Ziauddin College of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nusrat Bano
- Ziauddin College of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Shafiq Y, Naqvi BS, Rizwani GH, Usman M, Shah BA, Aslam M, Hina B. Anti-acne activity of Casuarina equisetifolia bark extract: A randomized clinical trial. BANGL J PHARMACOL 2014. [DOI: 10.3329/bjp.v9i3.19342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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14
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Shaikh BT, Ejaz I, Achakzai DK, Shafiq Y. Political and economic unfairness in health system of Pakistan: a hope with the recent reforms. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2013; 25:198-203. [PMID: 25098095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the last few years, Pakistan's health system has faced numerous challenges pertaining to human resource and its deployment, resource allocation among the different tiers of the health care system, infrastructure development and unfair access to care. The enactment of the recent constitutional amendment has made the health system's situation even more uncertain than before. METHODS A detailed literature review was carried out to understand fairness an responsiveness in health systems. The findings of the review were then compiled particularly in the wake of recent constitutional amendment defining heaIth sector reforms in Pakistan. RESULTS Various levels, features and components of health system of Pakistan were looked into in view of understanding the extent of 'fairness', 'responsiveness' and adequacy'. Healthcare financing; geographic distribution of health care facilities; human resources in health; access to health services and essential medicines: the allocations to urban and rural segments; and finally understanding the health positioning in national agenda and priorities were examined for this purpose. CONCLUSIONS In the post-devolution scenario, provinces muLst think systematically how to deal with the capacity issues to manage different components of health care system. Nonetheless, as a country, collective actions would be required to avoid any pitfalls, while approaching Millennium Developmenit Goals by 2015.
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