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Nakase J, Ukawa Y, Takemoto S, Kubo T, Sagesaka YM, Aoki-Yoshida A, Totsuka M. RNA and a cell wall component of Enterococcus faecalis IC-1 are required for phagocytosis and interleukin 12 production by the mouse macrophage cell line J774.1. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1099-1105. [PMID: 28406067 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1295799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a resident lactic acid bacterium in the human intestine. Its immunostimulatory action was reported to be enhanced by heat sterilization. To investigate its beneficial actions, we evaluated the ability of 10 E. faecalis strains to induce interleukin-12 (IL-12) production in a mouse macrophage cell line, J774.1 and found that the strain, E. faecalis IC-1, had a potent IL-12-inducing ability. Furthermore, we investigated the underlying mechanism by treating IC-1 cells with RNase or lysozyme. Its activity almost disappeared and an antagonist of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 inhibited this activity. Moreover, lysozyme-treated IC-1 bacteria were not phagocytized by J774.1 cells, and did not induce IL-12 production. Based on our results, we propose that macrophages recognize the cell wall components of IC-1, leading to phagocytosis. The IC-1 RNA is then recognized by TLR7, which induces the production of IL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Nakase
- a Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd. , Makinohara , Japan
| | - Yuuichi Ukawa
- a Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd. , Makinohara , Japan
| | - Syoji Takemoto
- b Research & Development Division, Chichiyasu Company , Hatsukaichi , Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kubo
- b Research & Development Division, Chichiyasu Company , Hatsukaichi , Japan
| | - Yuko M Sagesaka
- a Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd. , Makinohara , Japan
| | - Ayako Aoki-Yoshida
- c Department of Applied Biological Chemistry , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Mamoru Totsuka
- c Department of Applied Biological Chemistry , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
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Meshitsuka S, Shingaki S, Hotta M, Goto M, Kobayashi M, Ukawa Y, Sagesaka YM, Wada Y, Nojima M, Suzuki K. Phase 2 trial of daily, oral epigallocatechin gallate in patients with light-chain amyloidosis. Int J Hematol 2016; 105:295-308. [PMID: 27815860 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species may cause organ damage in patients with light-chain (AL) amyloidosis; however, this damage can be decreased by antioxidant-agent treatment. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major natural catechin in green tea, has potent antioxidant activity. Because EGCG has recently been reported to have a favorable toxicity profile for treating amyloidosis, we sought to examine the clinical efficacy and toxicity of EGCG in patients with AL amyloidosis. Fifty-seven patients were randomly assigned to the EGCG and observation groups and observed for six months. There were no increases in grade 3-5 adverse events and EGCG therapy was well tolerated. Although a decrease in the urinary albumin level was found in the EGCG group in patients with obvious albuminuria after treatment initiation, its antioxidant activity may not be sufficient to clarify the potential effect of EGCG in patients with AL amyloidosis. Because some of the biological markers responsible for organ damage were well correlated to the level of antioxidant potential in patients' plasma, the status of oxidative stress in the blood may indicate the extent of organ damage in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohsuke Meshitsuka
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan. .,Center for Translational Research, The Institute of Medical Science Hospital, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shiroganedai, Minato, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Sumito Shingaki
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hotta
- Department of Radiology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miku Goto
- Laboratory for Clinical Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University, Niiza, Japan
| | | | - Yuuichi Ukawa
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd, Makinohara, Japan
| | | | - Yasuyo Wada
- Laboratory for Clinical Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University, Niiza, Japan
| | - Masanori Nojima
- Center for Translational Research, The Institute of Medical Science Hospital, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shiroganedai, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenshi Suzuki
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Ide K, Yamada H, Takuma N, Kawasaki Y, Harada S, Nakase J, Ukawa Y, Sagesaka YM. Effects of green tea consumption on cognitive dysfunction in an elderly population: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Nutr J 2016; 15:49. [PMID: 27142448 PMCID: PMC4855797 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Green tea is a beverage with potential effects on cognitive dysfunction, as indicated by results of experimental studies. However, its effects in humans, especially at real-world (typical) consumption levels, are unclear. Methods A double-blind, randomized controlled study was conducted to assess the effects of green tea consumption on cognitive dysfunction (Mini-Mental State Examination Japanese version (MMSE-J) score <28) in Japan. Participants were randomly allocated to the green tea or placebo group, and consumed either 2 g/day of green tea powder (containing 220.2 mg of catechins) or placebo powder (containing 0.0 mg of catechins), respectively, for 12 months. Cognitive function assessments were performed every 3 months using the MMSE-J and laboratory tests. Results Thirty-three nursing home residents with cognitive dysfunction were enrolled (four men, 29 women; mean age ± SD, 84.8 ± 9.3; mean MMSE-J score ± SD, 15.8 ± 5.4), of whom 27 completed the study. Changes of MMSE-J score after 1 year of green tea consumption were not significantly different compared with that of the placebo group (−0.61 [−2.97, 1.74], least square mean (LSM) difference [95 % CI]; P = 0.59). However, levels of malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (U/L), a marker of oxidative stress, was significantly lower in the green tea group (−22.93 [−44.13, −1.73], LSM difference [95 % CI]; P = 0.04). Conclusions Our results suggest that 12 months green tea consumption may not significantly affect cognitive function assessed by MMSE-J, but prevent an increase of oxidative stress in the elderly population. Additional long-term controlled studies are needed to clarify the effects. Trial registration UMIN000011668 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12937-016-0168-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Ide
- Department of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, Graduate school of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, Graduate school of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Norikata Takuma
- White Cross Nursing Home, 2-26-1 Suwa-cho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, 189-0021, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Department of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, Graduate school of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shohei Harada
- Department of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, Graduate school of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Junpei Nakase
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd., 21 Mekami, Makinohara, Shizuoka, 421-0516, Japan
| | - Yuuichi Ukawa
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd., 21 Mekami, Makinohara, Shizuoka, 421-0516, Japan
| | - Yuko M Sagesaka
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd., 21 Mekami, Makinohara, Shizuoka, 421-0516, Japan
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Kobayashi M, Kawano T, Ukawa Y, Sagesaka YM, Fukuhara I. Green tea beverages enriched with catechins with a galloyl moiety reduce body fat in moderately obese adults: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Food Funct 2016; 7:498-507. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00750j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of ingesting a green tea beverage enriched with catechins with a galloyl moiety during a meal on body fat reduction in moderately obese adults.
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Suzuki-Sugihara N, Kishimoto Y, Saita E, Taguchi C, Kobayashi M, Ichitani M, Ukawa Y, Sagesaka YM, Suzuki E, Kondo K. Green tea catechins prevent low-density lipoprotein oxidation via their accumulation in low-density lipoprotein particles in humans. Nutr Res 2016; 36:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ide K, Yamada H, Takuma N, Park M, Wakamiya N, Nakase J, Ukawa Y, Sagesaka YM. Green tea consumption affects cognitive dysfunction in the elderly: a pilot study. Nutrients 2014; 6:4032-42. [PMID: 25268837 PMCID: PMC4210905 DOI: 10.3390/nu6104032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea is known to have various health benefits for humans. However, the effect of green tea consumption on cognitive dysfunction remains to be clinically verified. We conducted a clinical study to investigate the effects of green tea consumption on cognitive dysfunction. Twelve elderly nursing home residents with cognitive dysfunction (Mini-Mental State Examination Japanese version (MMSE-J) score: <28) participated in the study (2 men, 10 women; mean age, 88 years). The participants consumed green tea powder 2 g/day for 3 months. After three months of green tea consumption, the participants’ MMSE-J scores were significantly improved (before, 15.3 ± 7.7; after, 17.0 ± 8.2; p = 0.03). This result suggests that green tea consumption may be effective in improving cognitive function or reducing the progression of cognitive dysfunction; however, long-term large-scale controlled studies are needed to further clarify the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Ide
- Department of Drug Evaluation and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Drug Evaluation and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Norikata Takuma
- White Cross Nursing Home, 2-26-1 Suwa-cho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0021, Japan.
| | - Mijong Park
- Department of Drug Evaluation and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Noriko Wakamiya
- Department of Drug Evaluation and Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Junpei Nakase
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd., 21 Mekami, Makinohara, Shizuoka 421-0516, Japan.
| | - Yuuichi Ukawa
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd., 21 Mekami, Makinohara, Shizuoka 421-0516, Japan.
| | - Yuko M Sagesaka
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd., 21 Mekami, Makinohara, Shizuoka 421-0516, Japan.
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Ukawa Y, Izumi Y, Ohbuchi T, Takahashi T, Ikemizu S, Kojima Y. Oral administration of the extract from Hatakeshimeji (Lyophyllum decastes sing.) mushroom inhibits the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2007; 53:293-6. [PMID: 17874836 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.53.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether the extract from Hatakeshimeji (Lyophyllum decastes, LD) mushrooms suppresses the development of atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions induced by repeated application of picryl chloride (PiCl) in NC/Nga mice. Oral administration of LD extract to NC/Nga mice inhibited the development of AD-like skin lesions based on lower total skin severity scores and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Splenic lymphocytes were stimulated with the T cell mitogen concanavalin A, and secretion of a Th1 cytokine (IFN-gamma) and a Th2 cytokine (IL-4) was determined by ELISA. IFN-gamma production was not inhibited by treatment with LD extract. On the other hand, IL-4 production was significantly decreased by treatment with LD extract. These results suggest that LD extract exerts anti-allergic actions by suppressing the serum IgE and Th2-type immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuichi Ukawa
- Oji Forest & Products Co., Ltd., 1-1-1 Shinkiba, Koutou-ku, Tokyo 136-0082, Japan.
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Nakamura T, Itokawa Y, Tajima M, Ukawa Y, Cho KH, Choi JS, Ishid T, Gu Y. Radioprotective effect of Lyophyllum decastes and the effect on immunological functions in irradiated mice. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2007; 27:70-5. [PMID: 17393633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, to explore the radiation protection effects of Lyophyllum Decastes Sing (LDS), a hot distilled-water extract of LDS was orally administered at a dosage of 250mg/kg every other day for a period of 2 weeks in irradiated mice. An automatic blood cell counter was used to measure white blood cells (lymphocytes, monocyte, and granulocytes) one day before X-ray irradiation, and 3 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, 7 days, 15 days and 30 days after irradiation. The Dunnett test was used to examine statistical significance of differences. The peripheral blood cell counts in the Lyophyllum-administered non-irradiation group revealed an increase in the numbers of leukocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes. For 2 Gy whole body radiation, a significant statistical difference was found between the X-ray group and the Lyophyllum plus X-ray group in the numbers of leukocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes. The results suggest that Lyophyllum restrains blood cell-count falling after irradiation, which is probably mediated at least in part by hemopoietic function, and NK and LAK activities seems to play a role in preventing secondary infections associated with irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakamura
- Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Japan
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Ukawa Y, Kojima Y, Soma K, Mishima T, Hisamatsu M. Safety Evaluation of Hot-Water Extract of Hatake-shimeji (Lyophyllum decastes Sing.). J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2007. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.54.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gu Y, Ukawa Y, Oshima M, Suzuki I, Maenaka T, Choi IS. Radioprotection and Antitumor Effect by Lyophyllum decastes Singer and Propolis in Mice. Int J Med Mushrooms 2005. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.v7.i3.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gu Y, Ukawa Y, Oshima M, Suzuki I, Maenaka T, Choi IS. Radioprotection and Antitumor Effect by Lyophyllum decastes Singer and Propolis in Mice. Int J Med Mushrooms 2005. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushr.v7.i3.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Miura T, Kubo M, Itoh Y, Iwamoto N, Kato M, Park SR, Ukawa Y, Kita Y, Suzuki I. Antidiabetic activity of Lyophyllum decastes in genetically type 2 diabetic mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2002; 25:1234-7. [PMID: 12230127 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.25.1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The antidiabetic activity of Lyophyllum decastes (Tricholomataceae) was investigated in KK-Ay mice, an animal model of genetically type 2 diabetes with hyperinsulinemia. The water extract of Lyophyllum decastes (LD) (500 mg/kg body weight) reduced the blood glucose of KK-Ay mice 7 h after a single oral administration (p<0.05) when compared with control. LD reduced the blood glucose of KK-Ay mice 3 weeks after repeated administration (p<0.05), and also significantly lowered the serum insulin of KK-Ay mice under similar conditions (p<0.01). However, LD did not affect the blood glucose in normal mice. LD tended to decrease of the blood glucose in an insulin tolerance test. In addition, the muscle content of facilitative glucose transporter isoform 4 (GLUT4) protein content in the plasma membrane fraction from muscle significantly increased in the orally LD-treated KK-Ay mice when compared to that of the controls (p<0.01). These results suggest that the antidiabetic activity of LD is derived, at least in part, from a decrease in insulin resistance, due to the increase of GLUT4 protein content in the plasma membrane of the muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Miura
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Mie, Japan.
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Ukawa Y, Furuichi Y, Kokean Y, Nishii T, Hisamatsu M. Effect of Hatakeshimeji (Lyophyllum decastes Sing.) Mushroom on serum lipid levels in rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2002; 48:73-6. [PMID: 12026194 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.48.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Hatakeshimeji (Lyophyllum decastes Sing.) mushroom on serum lipid levels was investigated in rats. When the mushroom (fruit body) powder or its hotwater extract was added at a level of 10% to a cholesterol-containing diet, the serum total cholesterol levels of rats fed the fruit body or the hot-water extract were markedly lower than that of controls, though there was no significant difference in serum HDL-cholesterol among the three groups. On a cholesterol-free diet, the addition of fruit body powder at a level of 5% significantly decreased serum total cholesterol. Serum triglycerides and phospholipids were significantly decreased in both the fruit body and hot-water extract groups. Furthermore, Hatakeshimeji in the diet significantly increased the activity of cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase, which converts cellular cholesterol to bile acids, as well as the fecal excretion of bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuichi Ukawa
- Research Center Eishogen Co., Ltd., Fukaya, Saitama, Japan
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Suzuki I, Tanamachi M, Tomida M, Gu Y, Ukawa Y. Antihypertensive Effect of Lyophyllum decastes Sing. in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Int J Med Mushrooms 2001. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushr.v3.i2-3.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gu Y, Ukawa Y, Suzuki I, Park S, Iwasa T. A Study of the Anticancer Effect and Radiation Protection Effect of the Hatakeshimeji (Lyophylium decastes (Fr.) Sing.) on Radiation Exposure. Int J Med Mushrooms 2001. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushr.v3.i2-3.740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ukawa Y, Ito H, Hisamatsu M. Antitumor effects of (1→3)-β-d-glucan and (1→6)-β-d-glucan purified from newly cultivated mushroom, Hatakeshimeji (Lyophyllum decastes Sing.). J Biosci Bioeng 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(00)80041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ukawa Y, Ito H, Hisamatsu M. Antitumor effects of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan and (1-->6)-beta-D-glucan purified from newly cultivated mushroom, Hatakeshimeji (Lyophyllum decastes Sing.). J Biosci Bioeng 2000; 90:98-104. [PMID: 16232825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2000] [Accepted: 04/26/2000] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Eleven polysaccharides were isolated from a hot-water extract of fruiting bodies of Lyophyllum decastes Sing. by ion-exchange chromatography and gel permeation chromatography. Three polysaccharides (IV-1, IV-2, and IV-3) composed mainly of glucose showed marked antitumor activities against Sarcoma 180 and their average molecular weights were 305 kDa, 130 kDa and 14 kDa, respectively. From methylation analyses and 13C-NMR spectra, it was suggested that IV-1 was a (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan-type polysaccharide, IV-3 was a (1-->6)-beta-D-glucan-type polysaccharide, and IV-2 was a (1-->3, 1-->6)-beta-d-glucan-type polysaccharide or a mixture of both polysaccharides. Increases in the number of peritoneal macrophages and third component of complement (C3)-positive fluorescent cells in mice treated with IV-1 suggested that the inhibitory effect on tumor growth is due to immunological host-mediated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ukawa
- Research Center Eishogen Co. Ltd., Fukaya 366-0815, Saitama, Japan
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