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Holvoet S, Nutten S, Dupuis L, Donnicola D, Bourdeau T, Hughes-Formella B, Simon D, Simon HU, Carvalho RS, Spergel JM, Koletzko S, Blanchard C. Partially Hydrolysed Whey-Based Infant Formula Improves Skin Barrier Function. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093113. [PMID: 34578990 PMCID: PMC8472312 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific partially hydrolysed whey-based infant formulas (pHF-W) have been shown to decrease the risk of atopic dermatitis (AD) in infants. Historically, AD has been associated primarily with milk allergy; however, defective skin barrier function can be a primary cause of AD. We aimed to ascertain whether oral supplementation with pHF-W can improve skin barrier function. The effect of pHF-W was assessed on transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and antibody productions in mice epicutaneously exposed to Aspergillus fumigatus. Human primary keratinocytes were stimulated in vitro, and the expression of genes related to skin barrier function was measured. Supplementation with pHF-W in neonatal mice led to a significant decrease in TEWL and total IgE, but not in allergen-specific antibody levels. The whey hydrolysate was sufficient to decrease both TEWL and total IgE. Aquaporin-3 gene expression, linked with skin hydration, was modulated in the skin of mice and human primary keratinocytes following protein hydrolysate exposure. Skin barrier improvement may be an additional mechanism by which pHF-W may potentially reduce the risk of AD development in infants. Further human studies are warranted to confirm the clinical efficacy of these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Holvoet
- Department of Gastrointestinal Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.H.); (S.N.); (D.D.); (T.B.)
| | - Sophie Nutten
- Department of Gastrointestinal Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.H.); (S.N.); (D.D.); (T.B.)
| | - Lénaïck Dupuis
- Biostatistics and Data Management, Clinical Research Unit, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Dominique Donnicola
- Department of Gastrointestinal Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.H.); (S.N.); (D.D.); (T.B.)
| | - Tristan Bourdeau
- Department of Gastrointestinal Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.H.); (S.N.); (D.D.); (T.B.)
| | | | - Dagmar Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School Brandenburg, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | | | - Jonathan M. Spergel
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital and University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany;
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Carine Blanchard
- Department of Gastrointestinal Health, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.H.); (S.N.); (D.D.); (T.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-21-785-87-56
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Hamilton JD, Harel S, Swanson BN, Brian W, Chen Z, Rice MS, Amin N, Ardeleanu M, Radin A, Shumel B, Ruddy M, Patel N, Pirozzi G, Mannent L, Graham NMH. Dupilumab suppresses type 2 inflammatory biomarkers across multiple atopic, allergic diseases. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 51:915-931. [PMID: 34037993 PMCID: PMC8362102 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 inflammation is common in numerous atopic/allergic diseases and can be identified by elevated biomarker levels. Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, blocks the shared receptor component for interleukin-4 and interleukin-13, key and central drivers of type 2 inflammation. OBJECTIVE Assessment of dupilumab effect on type 2 inflammatory biomarkers in atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). METHODS Data were extracted from three randomized placebo-controlled trials of dupilumab in AD (NCT02277743, N = 671; NCT02277769, N = 708; NCT02260986, N = 740); and one each in asthma (NCT02414854, N = 1902); CRSwNP (NCT02898454, N = 448); and EoE (NCT02379052, N = 47). Biomarkers assessed were serum thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), plasma eotaxin-3, serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE), serum periostin and blood eosinophil count. RESULTS Dupilumab versus placebo significantly suppressed most type 2 inflammatory biomarker levels across all studies/indications where data were assessed. Reductions in serum TARC, plasma eotaxin-3 and serum periostin occurred rapidly, whereas reductions in serum total IgE were more gradual. Across diseases, at the end of treatment, median percentage change from baseline in TARC levels ranged from -24.8% to -88.6% (placebo +2.6% to -53.6%); -38.2% to -51.5% (placebo +8.3% to -0.16%) in eotaxin-3; -24.8% to -76.7% (placebo +8.3% to -4.4%) in total IgE; and -13.6% to -41.1% (placebo +10.1% to -6.94%) in periostin levels. Blood eosinophil responses to dupilumab varied by disease, with minimal changes in AD in the SOLO studies (median percentage change from baseline to end of treatment: 0% [95% CI: -15.8, 0]); transient increases followed by decreases to below-baseline levels in asthma (-14.6% [-20.0, -7.7]) and CRSwNP (-29.4% [-40.0, -16.3]); and significant decreases in EoE (-50.0% [-50.0, -33.3]). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dupilumab reduced levels of type 2 biomarkers across clinical studies in patients with AD, asthma, CRSwNP and EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sivan Harel
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, IncTarrytownNYUSA
| | | | | | - Zhen Chen
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, IncTarrytownNYUSA
| | | | - Nikhil Amin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, IncTarrytownNYUSA
| | | | - Allen Radin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, IncTarrytownNYUSA
| | - Brad Shumel
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, IncTarrytownNYUSA
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Ebo DG, Van der Poorten ML, Elst J, Van Gasse AL, Mertens C, Bridts C, Garvey LH, Horiuchi T, Sabato V. Immunoglobulin E cross-linking or MRGPRX2 activation: clinical insights from rocuronium hypersensitivity. Br J Anaesth 2020; 126:e27-e29. [PMID: 33153719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Didier G Ebo
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Immunology, AZ Jan Palfijn Hospital Gent, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Line Van der Poorten
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jessy Elst
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Athina L Van Gasse
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christel Mertens
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chris Bridts
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lene H Garvey
- Allergy Clinic, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Gentofte Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tatsuo Horiuchi
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Anesthesiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Vito Sabato
- Department of Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology and the Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Immunology, Allergology, Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Immunology, AZ Jan Palfijn Hospital Gent, Ghent, Belgium
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Hou YB, Zhang LN, Wang HN, Zhao ZF, Sun YT, Ji K, Chen JJ. The antipsychotic drug pimozide inhibits IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation and migration. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106500. [PMID: 32311669 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells (MCs) mediate a key role in allergic diseases. Detailed studies of how the neuroleptic drug pimozide affects MC activity are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate pimozide inhibition of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated MC activation and MC-mediated allergic responses. METHOD MCs were stimulated with anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE antibodies and DNP-horse serum albumin (HSA) antigen (Ag), and anti-allergic pimozide effects were detected by measuring β-hexosaminidase levels. Morphological changes were observed histologically. In vivo pimozide effects were assessed in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized active systemic anaphylaxis mouse (ASA) model experiments. Levels of phosphorylated (p-) SYK (spleen tyrosine kinase) and MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) were detected in western blots. RESULTS We found that pimozide inhibited MC degranulation, reduced MC release of β-hexosaminidase dose-dependently in activated RBL-2H3 (IC50: 13.52 μM) and bone marrow derived MC (BMMC) (IC50: 42.42 μM), and reduced MC morphological changes. The IgE/Ag-induced migration effect was suppressed by pimozide treatment dose-dependently. Pimozide down-regulated IgE/Ag-induced phosphorylation of SYK and MAPKs in activated MCs. Moreover, pimozide attenuated allergic reactions in PCA and ASA model mice, and decreased MC populations among splenic cells. CONCLUSIONS The antipsychotic drug pimozide can suppress IgE-mediated MC activation in vitro and in vivo and should be considered for repurposing to suppress MC-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Bo Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Li-Na Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hui-Na Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhen-Fu Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Yue-Tong Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Kunmei Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Jia-Jie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Alberca Custodio RW, Mirotti L, Gomes E, Nunes FP, S. Vieira R, Graça L, R. Almeida R, S. Câmara NO, Russo M. Dendritic Cells Expressing MyD88 Molecule Are Necessary and Sufficient for CpG-Mediated Inhibition of IgE Production In Vivo. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101165. [PMID: 31569343 PMCID: PMC6829343 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) are associated with allergies and other immunological disorders. Sensitization with alum adjuvant favours IgE production while CpG-ODN adjuvant, a synthetic toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist, inhibits it. The cellular mechanisms underlying in vivo TLR regulation of immunoglobulin production, specially IgE, are still controversial. Specifically, TLR-mediated IgE regulation in vivo is not yet known. In this study we showed that augmented levels of IgE induced by sensitizations to OVA with or without alum adjuvant or with OVA-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) were inhibited by co-administration of CpG. Notably, CpG-mediated suppression of IgE production required MyD88-expression on DCs but not on B-cells. This finding contrasts with previous in vitro studies reporting regulation of IgE by a direct action of CpG on B cells via MyD88 pathway. In addition, we showed that CpG also inhibited IgE production in a MyD88-dependent manner when sensitization was performed with OVA-pulsed DCs. Finally, CpG signalling through MyD88 pathway was also necessary and sufficient to prevent anaphylactic antibody production involved in active cutaneous anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo W. Alberca Custodio
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.W.A.C.); (L.M.); (E.G.); (R.S.V.); (R.R.A.); (N.O.S.C.)
| | - Luciana Mirotti
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.W.A.C.); (L.M.); (E.G.); (R.S.V.); (R.R.A.); (N.O.S.C.)
| | - Eliane Gomes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.W.A.C.); (L.M.); (E.G.); (R.S.V.); (R.R.A.); (N.O.S.C.)
| | - Fernanda P.B. Nunes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.W.A.C.); (L.M.); (E.G.); (R.S.V.); (R.R.A.); (N.O.S.C.)
| | - Raquel S. Vieira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.W.A.C.); (L.M.); (E.G.); (R.S.V.); (R.R.A.); (N.O.S.C.)
| | - Luís Graça
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Rafael R. Almeida
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.W.A.C.); (L.M.); (E.G.); (R.S.V.); (R.R.A.); (N.O.S.C.)
| | - Niels O. S. Câmara
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.W.A.C.); (L.M.); (E.G.); (R.S.V.); (R.R.A.); (N.O.S.C.)
| | - Momtchilo Russo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.W.A.C.); (L.M.); (E.G.); (R.S.V.); (R.R.A.); (N.O.S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-1130-917-377
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang (BZYQT) is an herbal drug that is widely used to treat various diseases, including gastrointestinal diseases, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis (AD) in East Asian countries. BZYQT has been shown to have anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory properties in experimental studies, and there is substantial clinical evidence of its effect on AD. This review will systematically assess the evidence of BZYQT for the treatment of AD. METHODS/DESIGN Eleven databases will be searched from their inception without language restriction. Randomized controlled trials that examined BZYQT or modified BZYQT for AD will be included. The selection of the studies, data abstraction, and validations will be performed independently by 2 researchers. The methodological qualities of the randomized controlled trials will be assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing the risk of bias. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will also be disseminated electronically or in print. It will be useful to inform and guide healthcare practitioners. TRIAL REGISTER NUMBER CRD42018105173.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young-Eun Kim
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Kim
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cullinan
- Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College (NHLI), London, UK
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Abstract
RATIONALE Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAOs, or Buerger's disease) present as a non-atherosclerotic segmental occlusive vasculitis within medium- and small-sized blood vessels. TAO frequently occurs in young adults and is associated with cigarette smoking. At present, there are no accurately defined treatments for TAO. PATIENT CONCERNS A 34-year-old Asian woman with a 20-year history of heavy cigarette smoking and recurrent, small, and self-limited lower limb ulcerations since adolescence, presented with persisting unhealed ulcerations on both ankles for 6 months. Her wound healing response was poor following the 2-month administration of colchicine, prednisolone, hydroxychloroquine, and mycophenolic acid. DIAGNOSIS The patient was diagnosed with TAO with hyperimmunoglobulin E and refractory ulcerations on her ankles. INTERVENTIONS The patient received monthly omalizumab (300 mg) and previous medications for 2 months and shifted to omalizumab and colchicine without mycophenolic acid and hydroxychloroquine because of onychomadesis, which was considered to be a possible adverse drug reaction. OUTCOMES The wounds healed almost completely. The administration of omalizumab and colchicine will be continued until they the wounds are fully healed. LESSONS Mycophenolic acid has a limited function in TAO treatment, especially in cases of refractory skin ulcerations. Omalizumab can be a valuable treatment option for patients with TAO and hyperimmunoglobulin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hao Huang
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Kuo
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Chiu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Cheng Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Lu
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Israel
- From the Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division-Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (E.I.); and the Clinical Management Group and Centre for Research Excellence in Severe Asthma, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney (H.K.R.)
| | - Helen K Reddel
- From the Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division-Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (E.I.); and the Clinical Management Group and Centre for Research Excellence in Severe Asthma, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney (H.K.R.)
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Vennera MDC, Valero A, Uría E, Forné C, Picado C. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Omalizumab for the Treatment of Severe Persistent Asthma in Real Clinical Practice in Spain. Clin Drug Investig 2016; 36:567-78. [PMID: 27142072 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-016-0402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Omalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets circulating immunoglobulin E molecules to treat severe uncontrolled asthma. The aim of this study was to determine the cost effectiveness of omalizumab compared with standard treatment for the control of severe persistent asthma according to data from patients treated in a specialized asthma unit. METHODS This was an observational, retrospective, single-center study in the setting of the Pulmonology and Respiratory Allergy Service, Thorax Institute, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Data were collected by review of medical records of 86 uncontrolled severe persistent asthma patients treated with omalizumab from January 2005 to April 2014. Effectiveness was assessed by the reduction in asthma exacerbations and 3-point increases in the Asthma Control Test (ACT) score. The economic evaluation was performed from the societal perspective, including direct health costs (resource use and drug treatments) and indirect costs (disease impact on labor productivity) in 2016 Euros. The time horizon was 12 months before and after the initiation of treatment with omalizumab. Results were expressed using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). RESULTS Taking into account only direct costs, the ICERs were €1487.46 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 1241.21-1778.34) per exacerbation avoided and €5425.13 (95 % CI 4539.30-6551.03) per 3-point increase in the ACT. When indirect costs were included, the ICERs were €1130.93 (95 % CI 909.08-1392.86) per exacerbation avoided, and €4124.79 (95 % CI 3281.69-5186.73) per 3-point increase in the ACT. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study confirm the effectiveness of the addition of omalizumab to standard therapy in patients with uncontrolled severe persistent asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Carmen Vennera
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Allergy, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Valero
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Allergy, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefany Uría
- Department of Health Economics and Outcome Research, Oblikue Consulting S.L., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Forné
- Department of Health Economics and Outcome Research, Oblikue Consulting S.L., Barcelona, Spain
| | - César Picado
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Allergy, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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Smith-Norowitz TA, Chotikanatis K, Tam E, Norowitz YM, Joks R, Durkin HG, Hammerschlag MR, Kohlhoff S. Epigallocatechin gallate suppresses Chlamydia pneumoniae mediated IgE responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a pilot study. Minerva Med 2016; 107:363-369. [PMID: 27309037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) causes respiratory infection in children and adults and is associated with asthma and induction of immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses. Previous studies in our laboratory reported that green tea extract (GTE) and its catechin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have immunoregulatory effects on IgE responses. Whereas tea polyphenols have in vitro inhibitory effects on the proliferation of C. pneumoniae, the in vitro effects of EGCG on C. pneumoniae- mediated IgE responses haven't been studied. We sought to clarify the in vitro effect of EGCG on C. pneumoniae mediated IgE responses by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in asthma. METHODS PBMC from subjects with asthma and non-asthmatic controls were incubated with C. pneumoniae and cultured for 10 days ±EGCG (0.5, 5.0, 50 ng/mL). IgE levels in supernatants were determined (ELISA). RESULTS Elevated IgE levels were detected in supernatants of PBMC from an asthma patient (2.6 ng/mL), whereas IgE levels of PBMC from non-asthmatics were low (<2.0 ng/mL) at baseline. When EGCG (0.5-50 ng/mL) was added to PBMC from the asthma patient, IgE production was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner (10-30%), compared with no EGCG. When PBMC from the asthma patient were incubated with C. pneumoniae, IgE production was suppressed (70%); when PBMC from non-asthmatics were incubated with C. pneumoniae, IgE levels remained undetectable (<2.0 ng/mL). When EGCG (0.5-50 ng/mL) was added to PBMC from the asthma patient, C. pneumoniae-induced IgE production was suppressed moderately (35-48%). CONCLUSIONS EGCG suppressed C. pneumoniae- mediated IgE responses in PBMC from a patient with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar A Smith-Norowitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, NY, USA -
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Abstract
Lead (Pb), an occupational and environmental toxicant, is known to induce immunomodulatory effects resulting in lowered resistance to infectious micro-organisms and altered levels of immunoglobulins in humans. Preferential activation of type-2 helper T cells and inhibition of type-1 T-cell activation is considered a cellular mechanism for the Pb-induced immune alteration, which has not been investigated well in humans. Lead's influence on in vivo balance between type-1 and type-2 activities was assessed among workers exposed to Pb through battery manufacturing in Korea. Serum IgE levels were significantly higher in the workers with a blood Pb level (PbB) of ≤30 μg/dL than in the workers with a PbB of <30 μg/dL. Furthermore, the serum IgE concentrations significantly correlated with PbB although no significant relationship between PbB and serum interleukin-4 or interferon gamma levels was observed. The present study indicates that elevation of IgE levels may be an immunologic index for Pb-induced in vivo toxicities, potentially involved with progression of various allergic diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Heo
- Catholic University of Daegu, Department of Occupational Health, 330 Kumrak 1-ri, Hayang-eup, Kyongsan-si, Kyongbuk, Korea
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13
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14
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Zhao Y, Xiao Y, Xie Y. [Correlation between change of immunotoxicology indexes of cerum and the occurrence of anaphylaxis in patients induced by qingkailing injection: a clinical study]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2011; 36:2579-2583. [PMID: 22256770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relation between the change of immunotoxicology indexes of serum and the occurrence of anaphylaxis in patients induced by Qingkailing injection, which is composed by cholic acid, mother-of-pearl, gardenia, cornu bubali, isatis root, baicalin, honeysuckle, and to establish the method of detection of the type of anaphylaxis in patients induced by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injection. METHOD In a prospective nested case-control study, we compared the concentration of IgE, IgG, IL-4, histamine of 18 cases in anaphylaxis induced by Qingkailing injection with those from 72 matched controls who remained normal after the using Qingkailing injection. The correlation between the change of IgE, IgG, IL-4, histamine of serum and the occurrence of anaphylaxis in patients induced by Qingkailing injection was determined, and we also evaluate the clinical values of IgE, IgG, IL-4, histamine of serum in diagnosis of anaphylaxis in patients induced by Qingkailing injection by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULT The concentrations of IgE, IgG, IL-4, histamine of serum of 18 cases were significantly higher than those in controls (P<0.05), the area under the curve (AUC) of IL-4, IgG, IgE, histamine were 0.362 (95.0% CI. for EXP was 0.978-2.405), 0.349 (95.0% CI. for EXP was 1.448-316.232), 0.350 (95.0% CI. for EXP was 1.262-601.306), 0.374 (95.0% CI. for EXP was 1.003-45.413), respectively. CONCLUSION The allergic reaction caused by Qingkailing injection may be due to type I allergic reactions; The presence of IgE, IgG, IL-4, Histamine can serve as clinical evaluation indicators in evaluation the damage degree of immune system caused by anaphylaxis in patients induced by Qingkailing injection. Cytokines are more likely to become the effective evaluation index in diagnosis of anaphylaxis in patients induced by TCM injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Zhao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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15
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Deus-de-Oliveira N, Felix SP, Carrielo-Gama C, Fernandes KV, DaMatta RA, Machado OLT. Identification of critical amino acids in the IgE epitopes of Ric c 1 and Ric c 3 and the application of glutamic acid as an IgE blocker. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21455. [PMID: 21738671 PMCID: PMC3124516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The allergenicity of Ricinus communis L. (castor bean, Euphorbiaceae) is associated with components of its seeds and pollen. Castor bean allergy has been described not only in laboratory workers, but also in personnel working in oil processing mills, fertilizer retail, the upholstery industry and other industrial fields. In the present study, we describe the critical amino acids in the IgE-binding epitopes in Ric c 1 and Ric c 3, two major allergens of R. communis. In addition, we also investigate the cross-reactivity between castor bean and some air and food allergen extracts commonly used in allergy diagnosis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The IgE reactivity of human sera from atopic patients was screened by immune-dot blot against castor bean allergens. Allergenic activity was evaluated in vitro using a rat mast cell activation assay and by ELISA. Cross-reactivity was observed between castor bean allergens and extracts from shrimp, fish, gluten, wheat, soybean, peanut, corn, house dust, tobacco and airborne fungal allergens. We observed that treatment of rat and human sera (from atopic patients) with glutamic acid reduced the IgE-epitope interaction. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The identification of glutamic acid residues with critical roles in IgE-binding to Ric c 3 and Ric c 1 support the potential use of free amino acids in allergy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Deus-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos/Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense - Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Shayany P. Felix
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos/Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense - Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Carrielo-Gama
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos/Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense - Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Keysson V. Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos/Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense - Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato Augusto DaMatta
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual/Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense - Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Olga L. T. Machado
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos/Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense - Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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16
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Oh JY, Choi WS, Lee CH, Park HJ. The ethyl acetate extract of Cordyceps militaris inhibits IgE-mediated allergic responses in mast cells and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 135:422-429. [PMID: 21420483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cordyceps militaris has been used as a traditional herbal medicine for treating allergy in East Asia. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the anti-allergic efficacy of Cordyceps militaris and its mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS β-Hexosaminidase release of mast cells, a key parameter of degranulation, was evaluated. Anti-allergic potential of Cordyceps militaris was studied using passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in vivo. The anti-allergic mechanism of Cordyceps militaris was investigated by immunoblotting analysis, RT-PCR and other biological approaches in mast cells. RESULTS GSCM EtOAc extract (GSCME) inhibited antigen-induced degranulation with a IC50 value (28.5 μg/ml) in RBL-2H3 cells and antigen-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) response with a ED50 value (665 mg/kg) in vivo. The release of interleukin (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α were decreased by GSCME in RBL-2H3 cells. In order to elucidate the anti-allergic mechanisms of GSCME in mast cells, we examined the activated levels of signaling molecules. GSCME inhibited the phosphorylation Syk, ERK, p38 and JNK expression. Identified genistein, daidzein, genistein 7-O-β-d-glucoside 4″-O-methylate, genistein 4'-O-β-d-glucoside 4″-O-methylate, glycitein 7-O-β-d-glucoside 4″-O-methylate, daidzein 7-O-β-d-glucoside 4″-O-methylate and adenosine in GSCME, inhibited antigen-induced degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that GSCME might be used as a therapeutic agent for allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Yeon Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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17
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a principal mediator of the acute inflammatory response, including allergic rhinitis. TNF-α inhibitors are widely used for the treatment of inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases; however, the effects of TNF-α inhibitors on allergic rhinitis are not well established. We aimed to investigate the effects of infliximab, a TNF-α inhibitor, on allergic rhinitis in a mouse model. METHODS BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and alum, and challenged intranasally with OVA. The TNF-α inhibitor, infliximab was administered intraperitoneally, and multiple parameters of allergic responses were evaluated to determine the effects of infliximab. RESULTS Infliximab reduced allergic symptoms and eosinophilic infiltration into the nasal mucosa. It also suppressed total and OVA-specific IgE levels, and inhibited local Th2 cytokine transcription in the nasal mucosa and systemic Th2 cytokine production by splenocytes. Furthermore, the expression of E-selectin, neither intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) nor vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), in the nasal mucosa was suppressed in the infliximab-treated group when compared to the nontreated group. CONCLUSION This study shows that the TNF-α inhibitor infliximab induces anti-allergic effects by decreasing local and systemic Th2 cytokine (IL-4) production, total and OVA-specific IgE levels, adhesion molecule (E-selectin) expression, and eosinophil infiltration into the nasal mucosa in an allergic rhinitis model. Therefore, infliximab should be considered as a potential agent in treating allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Mo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
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18
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Qi XF, Kim DH, Yoon YS, Li JH, Jin D, Deung YK, Lee KJ. Effects of Bambusae caulis in Liquamen on the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in hairless mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 123:195-200. [PMID: 19429362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bambusae caulis in Liquamen (BCL) is a nutritious liquid extracted from heat-treated fresh bamboo stems. It is an important traditional herbal medicine used to treat coughs and asthma in East Asia. In recent years, it has been studied for its anti-inflammatory, anti-allergenic, and immune-regulating properties. AIM OF THE STUDY To examine whether BCL suppresses the development of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions in hairless mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of BCL were analyzed by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL), melanin content, and erythema in the skin, leukocyte numbers and IgE levels in the serum, and mRNA expression of relevant cytokines in the spleen. RESULTS The transdermal administration of BCL to hairless mice inhibited the development of DNCB-induced AD-like skin lesions by suppressing TEWL, melanin production and erythema of skin, the number of leukocytes and the level of IgE in serum, and the mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-13, and TNF-alpha in the spleen. However, BCL administration increased the expression of IFN-gamma in the spleen. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that BCL suppresses the development of DNCB-induced AD-like skin lesions in hairless mice, suggesting that BCL may be a potential therapeutic agent for AD in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Feng Qi
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 220-701, Republic of Korea
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19
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Glackin L, Leen G, Elnazir B, Greally P. Voriconazole in the treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in cystic fibrosis. Ir Med J 2009; 102:29. [PMID: 19284017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) can cause a significant clinical deterioration in patients with cystic fibrosis. There is very little research in the current literature with regard to alternatives for treatment, apart from long courses of steroids. We conducted a retrospective review of all our patients with ABPA treated with the antifungal voriconazole and found there was a significant drop in IgE levels post treatment as well as a decrease in steroid dosing. The improvement in FEV was not statistically significant; however there was a very wide variation in pre-treatment levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Glackin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Children's Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24.
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20
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Medeiros KCP, Figueiredo CAV, Figueredo TB, Freire KRL, Santos FAR, Alcantara-Neves NM, Silva TMS, Piuvezam MR. Anti-allergic effect of bee pollen phenolic extract and myricetin in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 119:41-46. [PMID: 18588965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Revised: 05/26/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The bee pollen is used in folk medicine to alleviate allergic reactions. The bee pollen phenolic extract (BPPE) consists in phenolic compounds (flavonoids) from plants picked by Apis mellifera bee. AIM OF THIS STUDY Here we evaluated the anti-allergic property of the BPPE and the flavonoid myricetin (MYR) in murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study focused on the BPPE or myricetin treatment of OVA-sensitized BALB/c mice and their effects on the IgE and IgG1 production, pulmonary cell migration, eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity and anaphylactic shock reaction. RESULTS The BPPE treatment (200mg/kg) showed inhibition of the paw edema, IgE and IgG(1) OVA-specific production, leukocyte migration to the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and EPO activity in lungs. In addition, BPPE treatment showed partial protection on the anaphylactic shock reaction induced by OVA. Treatment with myricetin (5 mg/kg) also inhibited pulmonary cell migration and IgE and IgG(1) OVA-specific production. CONCLUSIONS These results support the hypothesis the myricetin is one of the flavonoids of BPPE responsible for the anti-allergic effect and a potential tool to treat allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C P Medeiros
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, UFPB, Brazil
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Yang EJ, Lee JS, Yun CY, Kim JH, Kim JS, Kim DH, Kim IS. Inhibitory effects of Duchesnea chrysantha extract on ovalbumin-induced lung inflammation in a mouse model of asthma. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 118:102-107. [PMID: 18485641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Revised: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Duchesnea chrysantha (D. chrysantha) is a herb with anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and immune-enhancing properties. AIM OF THE STUDY Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the lungs, and the hallmarks of the disease are increased inflammatory cell infiltration into the airways and poor respiratory function. Although there is the possibility that D. chrysantha may have an inhibitory effect on lung inflammation, the effects of D. chrysantha on asthma have not been fully investigated. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of D. chrysantha extract (Dc extract) on lung inflammation in a murine model of ovalbumin-induced asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dc extract was obtained from dried and powdered whole plants of D. chrysantha using 80% ethanol. BALB/c mice induced by ovalbumin sensitization and nebulization were used as a mouse model of asthma. RT-PCR and ELISA were performed to measure mRNA and protein expression of cytokines. We examined the effects of Dc extract on leukocyte infiltration and mucus secretion using periodic acid-Schiff staining as well as hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS Dc extract significantly inhibited leukocytosis and eosinophilia in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid (p<0.01). Dc extract significantly reduced the elevated infiltration of inflammatory cells (p<0.05) and inhibited the increased mucus secretion, despite the absence of significant value. Although Dc extract weakly inhibited the mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin, it strongly inhibited the protein expression of IL-5 (p<0.05) and eotaxin (p<0.01) in BAL fluid. Ovalbumin-specific IgE levels in the serum and BAL fluid were blocked by Dc extract (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the possibility that Dc extract can exert suppressive effects on asthma and may provide evidence that Dc extract is a useful agent for the treatment of allergic airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Yang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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22
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Yang SH, Yu CL. Antiinflammatory effects of Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 115:104-109. [PMID: 17980528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2006] [Revised: 09/13/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang, an ancient formula of Chinese medicine usually used in the treatment of allergic diseases, was evaluated in the treatment of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. In this study, 60 patients allergic to house dust mite allergen confirmed by skin test and MAST test were recruited and randomized. An experimental group of 36 patients was treated with Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang, whereas a control group of 24 patients was treated with a non-effective formula Ping-wei-san for 3 months. The nasal symptomatic scores and the responses of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to IL-4-stimulation were measured after treatment. The nasal symptomatic scores in the experimental group were significantly improved (3.78+/-0.09 before treatment vs. 0.57+/-0.06 after treatment). In contrast, no change was found in symptomatic scores in the control group (3.17+/-0.12 before treatment vs. 2.79+/-0.14 after treatment). Moreover, total serum IgE and the IL-4-stimulated production of PGE(2) and LTC(4) by PMN was significantly suppressed in the experimental group after treatment compared to the control group. The COX-2 mRNA expression in IL-4-stimulated PMN was also significantly suppressed after Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang treatment. These results suggest that Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang but not Ping-wei-san was beneficial to the patients with perennial allergic rhinitis via suppressed nasal inflammation by an antiinflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sien-Hung Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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23
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Abstract
PURPOSE To review the role of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated inflammation in the pathogenesis of asthma, limitations of standard therapies, and IgE as a logical target for therapy with omalizumab aimed at attaining asthma symptom control. DATA SOURCES Review of worldwide scientific literature on the role of IgE-mediated inflammation in patients with asthma, supplemented with a clinical case study. CONCLUSIONS Clinical trials point to an important role for IgE blocker therapy as an add-on to current therapy to reduce exacerbations and corticosteroid use and to improve quality of life in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma. Omalizumab, a monoclonal antibody that binds IgE, has been shown to be an effective, well-tolerated treatment in these patients. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE A significant number of patients with moderate-to-severe asthma do not achieve asthma symptom control, despite adhering to current guidelines-based standards of therapy, including the use of inhaled corticosteroids, beta-agonists, and leukotriene modifiers. None of these therapies directly addresses IgE-mediated inflammation. Therefore, patients with persistent symptoms of moderate-to-severe asthma should be evaluated and considered for therapy with the IgE blocker omalizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lou Hayden
- School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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Mogil J. Many asthma patients experience persistent symptoms despite appropriate clinical and guideline-based treatment with inhaled corticosteroids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 19:459-70. [PMID: 17760570 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2007.00247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review possible reasons for persistence of asthma symptoms despite appropriate use of clinical and guideline-based treatments, including the use of inhaled corticosteroids. DATA SOURCES Review of the worldwide scientific literature on factors related to persistent symptoms in patients with asthma. CONCLUSIONS Patients with asthma may not respond as expected to therapy because of factors that include poor adherence, improper inhaler technique, persistent exposure to symptom triggers, and limitations of current standard therapy, including steroid insensitivity or the steroid plateau effect. Persistent symptoms may also be associated with IgE-mediated airway inflammation, as current standard asthma therapies do not directly address the IgE-mediated component of the inflammatory cascade. Asthma is a complex disease and its treatment requires the full cooperation and participation of the patient. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Healthcare professionals can play a key role by educating patients and their family members about the nature of asthma and rationale for treatment, supporting the importance of strict adherence to prevention measures and the prescribed treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Mogil
- Nassau Chest Physicians, P.C., Massapequa, New York, USA.
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Ukawa Y, Izumi Y, Ohbuchi T, Takahashi T, Ikemizu S, Kojima Y. Oral administration of the extract from Hatakeshimeji (Lyophyllum decastes sing.) mushroom inhibits the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2007; 53:293-6. [PMID: 17874836 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.53.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether the extract from Hatakeshimeji (Lyophyllum decastes, LD) mushrooms suppresses the development of atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions induced by repeated application of picryl chloride (PiCl) in NC/Nga mice. Oral administration of LD extract to NC/Nga mice inhibited the development of AD-like skin lesions based on lower total skin severity scores and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Splenic lymphocytes were stimulated with the T cell mitogen concanavalin A, and secretion of a Th1 cytokine (IFN-gamma) and a Th2 cytokine (IL-4) was determined by ELISA. IFN-gamma production was not inhibited by treatment with LD extract. On the other hand, IL-4 production was significantly decreased by treatment with LD extract. These results suggest that LD extract exerts anti-allergic actions by suppressing the serum IgE and Th2-type immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuichi Ukawa
- Oji Forest & Products Co., Ltd., 1-1-1 Shinkiba, Koutou-ku, Tokyo 136-0082, Japan.
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26
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Omalizumab: new drug. Asthma: too many unknowns for an anti-IgE. Prescrire Int 2007; 16:179-82. [PMID: 17926440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
(1) Long-term therapy for severe asthma (stage 4) currently consists of a high-dose inhaled steroid plus a long-acting beta-2 agonist. (2) Omalizumab is a recombinant anti-IgE antibody marketed for the treatment of severe allergic asthma associated with high circulating IgE levels, as an adjunct to inadequate ongoing treatment. Omalizumab is administered subcutaneously every 2 to 4 weeks. (3) Omalizumab has been evaluated in many clinical trials but only one, a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial lasting 28 weeks and involving 419 patients, corresponded to the approved indications. Omalizumab adjunction to ongoing treatment prevented one emergency department admission for asthma every 2.5 years on average, but this trial provided weak evidence as it suffered from several biases. In particular, the two groups were not identical at baseline in terms of prior frequency of asthma exacerbations. These were more frequent in the omalizumab group. In addition, many analyses were retrospective, few events occurred, and the protocol was modified 4 times. (4) A combined analysis of this and 4 other trials involving slightly different patients suggests that omalizumab prevents one asthma emergency approximately every 3 patient-years. (5) During comparative trials, the main adverse effects were anaphylaxis and local injection site reactions. Omalizumab may increase the risk of parasitic infections. Cases of laryngeal oedema and angioedema have been reported. (6) The possibility of an increased risk of cancer is to be examined in a post-marketing cohort study. (7) Treatment can cost more than 1700 euros a month. (8) In practice, in view of the potentially severe adverse effects of omalizumab, the evidence supporting its efficacy is too weak. It is better to carefully tailor existing treatments to the individual patient.
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Gomez G, Jogie-Brahim S, Shima M, Schwartz LB. Omalizumab reverses the phenotypic and functional effects of IgE-enhanced Fc epsilonRI on human skin mast cells. J Immunol 2007; 179:1353-61. [PMID: 17617628 PMCID: PMC2396781 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.2.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The dramatic effects of the anti-IgE mAb omalizumab to lower free IgE levels and Fc epsilonRI levels on basophils contrast with more modest clinical effects. Accordingly, whether IgE modulates Fc epsilonRI levels and Fc epsilonRI-dependent mediator release in vitro on human skin mast cells (MC(TC) type) that had matured in vivo is of interest. IgE reversibly enhanced Fc epsilonRI levels on MC(TC) cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner (up-regulation t(1/2) of 4-5 days with 1-3 microg/ml IgE), without affecting cell proliferation. A molar ratio of omalizumab to IgE of 0.9 at baseline prevented receptor up-regulation by 50%, whereas adding omalizumab to MC(TC) cells already with IgE-enhanced Fc epsilonRI levels at molar ratios of 5, 12.5, and 31 reduced Fc epsilonRI levels to baseline with respective t(1/2) values of 8.7, 6.3, and 4.8 days. MC(TC) cells with IgE-enhanced Fc epsilonRI levels were more sensitive to stimulation with a low dose of anti-Fc epsilonRI mAb in terms of degranulation and production of PGD(2), GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-13, and TNF-alpha. Reducing up-regulated Fc epsilonRI levels with omalizumab also reduced mediator release to a low dose of anti-Fc epsilonRI mAb to baseline by 3-4 wk. Thus, reducing free IgE should decrease the hypersensitivity of allergic individuals to low naturally occurring concentrations of allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lawrence B. Schwartz
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Lawrence B. Schwartz, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 980263, Richmond, VA 23298-0263. E-mail address:
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Lim A, Luderschmidt S, Weidinger A, Schnopp C, Ring J, Hein R, Ollert M, Mempel M. The IgE repertoire in PBMCs of atopic patients is characterized by individual rearrangements without variable region of the heavy immunoglobulin chain bias. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:696-706. [PMID: 17631954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2007] [Revised: 05/08/2007] [Accepted: 05/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with atopic diseases are characterized by high levels of specific IgE production. However, little is known about the composition of their B-cell repertoires. OBJECTIVES We sought to analyze the complete PBMC-derived IgE repertoire and to compare clonal expansions between different patients. METHODS We have analyzed the IgE-bearing B-cell receptor repertoire in highly atopic patients (>1000 IU/mL) using quantitative RT-PCR, complementarity determining region 3 spectratyping, and sequence analysis. Three representative patients were additionally followed during anti-IgE therapy. RESULTS Atopic patients exhibited 100 to 1000 times more IgE-specific transcripts than control individuals. These patients used a variable region of the heavy immunoglobulin chain (VH) epsilon repertoire highly similar to their IgM and IgG repertoires, with preference of VH3b, VH4, VH3a, and VH1 segments. Each patient harbored individual clonal expansions, most probably as correlation of allergen-specific IgE production. Common expansions within the complementary determining region 3 shared by several individuals with similar sensitization patterns were found in spectratyping analysis. However, these antigen-driven expansions showed differences on the sequence level. In omalizumab-treated patients the clinical improvement was paralleled by a clear increase in the ratio of IgG/IgE transcripts. CONCLUSION The IgE repertoire in atopic patients follows the VH use patterns seen for other immunoglobulins and seems to preferentially recruit individual rearrangements rather than public expansions. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The detailed analysis of the IgE B-cell repertoire is highly suitable to follow changes in IgE uses during different therapy modalities.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Anti-Allergic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte/drug effects
- Genes, Immunoglobulin
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/drug therapy
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/genetics
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology
- Immunoglobulin E/drug effects
- Immunoglobulin E/genetics
- Immunoglobulin E/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/drug effects
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/immunology
- Immunoglobulin M/blood
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/drug effects
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Omalizumab
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/drug effects
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Lim
- Unité de Recherche et d'Expertise Immunité anti-virale, Biothérapie et Vaccins, Paris, France; INSERM U668, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Yoshimura M, Enomoto T, Dake Y, Okuno Y, Ikeda H, Cheng L, Obata A. An evaluation of the clinical efficacy of tomato extract for perennial allergic rhinitis. Allergol Int 2007; 56:225-30. [PMID: 17519582 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.o-06-443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2006] [Accepted: 11/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, some common foods in daily life have been found to have anti-allergic effects. We have reported that tomato extract (TE) could possibly inhibit histamine release and mouse ear-swelling responses. Moreover, it is reported that TE could relieve the symptoms for Japanese cedar pollinosis. METHODS To evaluate the anti-allergic effect of TE, we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 33 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) using oral administration of TE (360 mg per day) or placebo for 8 weeks. RESULTS We found that the sneezing score significantly decreased in the TE group at the end of the trial compared to the beginning (P < 0.05). There were decreasing tendencies of rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction in the TE group. The patients' quality of life was significantly improved in the TE group after 8 weeks of treatment (P < 0.05), but not in placebo group. A significant improvement in total symptom scores, combining sneezing, rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction, was observed after oral administration of TE for 8 weeks (P < 0.01). The safety of TE treatment was confirmed by laboratory tests and inspection of general conditions. CONCLUSIONS TE can be expected to safely improve the nasal symptoms of PAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineka Yoshimura
- Research & Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, Chiba, Japan.
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30
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Kay LJ, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Suvarna SK, Peachell PT. Influence of beta2-adrenoceptor gene polymorphisms on beta2-adrenoceptor-mediated responses in human lung mast cells. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 152:323-31. [PMID: 17643132 PMCID: PMC2042952 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previous studies have shown that beta(2)-adrenoceptor-mediated responses in human lung mast cells are highly variable. The aims of the present study were to establish whether polymorphisms of the beta (2)-adrenoceptor gene (ADRB2) influence this variability in (a) beta(2)-adrenoceptor-mediated inhibition and (b) desensitization of beta(2)-adrenoceptor-mediated responses in human lung mast cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mast cells were isolated from human lung tissue. The inhibitory effects of the beta-adrenoceptor agonist, isoprenaline (10(-10)-10(-5) M), on IgE-mediated histamine release from mast cells were determined (n=92). Moreover, the inhibitory effects of isoprenaline were evaluated following a desensitizing treatment involving long-term (24 h) incubation of mast cells with isoprenaline (10(-6) M) (n=65). A potential influence of polymorphisms on these functional responses was determined by genotyping 11 positions, in the promoter and coding regions, of ADRB2 previously reported as polymorphic. KEY RESULTS There was no influence of any of the polymorphic positions of ADRB2 on the potency of isoprenaline to inhibit histamine release from mast cells with the exception of position 491C>T (Thr164Ile). There was no influence of any of the polymorphic positions of ADRB2 on the extent of desensitization of the isoprenaline-mediated response following a desensitizing treatment except for position 46G>A (Gly16Arg). Analyses at the haplotype level indicated that there was no influence of haplotype on beta (2)-adrenoceptor-mediated responses in mast cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data indicate that certain polymorphisms in ADRB2 influence beta(2)-adrenoceptor-mediated responses in human lung mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Kay
- Academic Unit of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Sheffield, The Royal Hallamshire Hospital (Floor M) Sheffield, UK
| | - A Rostami-Hodjegan
- Academic Unit of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Sheffield, The Royal Hallamshire Hospital (Floor M) Sheffield, UK
| | - S K Suvarna
- Department of Histopathology, Northern General Hospital Sheffield, UK
| | - P T Peachell
- Academic Unit of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Sheffield, The Royal Hallamshire Hospital (Floor M) Sheffield, UK
- Author for correspondence:
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Klunker S, Saggar LR, Seyfert-Margolis V, Asare AL, Casale TB, Durham SR, Francis JN. Combination treatment with omalizumab and rush immunotherapy for ragweed-induced allergic rhinitis: Inhibition of IgE-facilitated allergen binding. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:688-95. [PMID: 17631952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Revised: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of anti-IgE (omalizumab) therapy with ragweed injection immunotherapy for seasonal allergic rhinitis results in a significant reduction in systemic side effects and enhanced efficacy compared with immunotherapy alone. One proposed mechanism of immunotherapy is to induce regulatory antibodies that inhibit facilitated antigen presentation. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether the combination protocol has a cumulative effect on inhibition of facilitated antigen presentation both during and after discontinuation of treatment. METHODS Ragweed allergen immunotherapy with and without omalizumab therapy was tested in a 4-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Flow cytometry was used to detect serum inhibitory activity for IgE-facilitated CD23-dependent allergen binding to B cells as a surrogate marker for facilitated antigen presentation. Serum ragweed-specific IgG4 was measured by means of ELISA. RESULTS Immunotherapy alone resulted in partial inhibition of allergen-IgE binding after 5 to 19 weeks of treatment compared with baseline (P < .01). Complete inhibition of allergen-specific IgE binding was observed in both treatment groups receiving omalizumab (P < .001). Allergen-specific IgG4 levels were only increased after immunotherapy (P < .05), both in the presence and absence of anti-IgE treatment. Combined treatment resulted in the induction of long-lasting inhibitory antibody function for up to 42 weeks compared with either treatment alone. CONCLUSION Ragweed immunotherapy induced serum regulatory antibodies that partially blocked binding of allergen-IgE complexes to B cells. Additional treatment with anti-IgE, by directly blocking IgE binding to CD23, completely inhibited allergen-IgE binding. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The combination of ragweed immunotherapy and anti-IgE resulted in prolonged inhibition of allergen-IgE binding compared with either treatment alone, events that might contribute to enhanced efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Klunker
- Upper Respiratory Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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32
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Kim SW, Yeo SW. The effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2007; 136:720-5. [PMID: 17478204 DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an allergic rhinitis model via local sensitization of mice with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and to use the model to investigate the antiallergic effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). METHODS BALB/c mice were randomized to the allergic rhinitis group, the BCG group sensitized with D pteronyssinus via local sensitization for 7 weeks, or the control group. The BCG group received 1 x 10(5) colony-forming unit/mL of BCG seven times. We evaluated symptoms, nasal mucosa eosinophilia, serum total IgE, cytokines, and eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. RESULTS In the allergic rhinitis group, allergy symptoms (P < 0.001), eosinophil count (P < 0.001), total IgE (P < 0.001), inflammatory cells (P < 0.01), and IL-13 (P = 0.046) increased and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) (P < 0.001) decreased compared with the control group. In the BCG group, allergy symptoms (P < 0.001), eosinophil count (P < 0.001), and inflammatory cells (P < 0.01) decreased and IFN-gamma (P = 0.031) increased compared with the allergic rhinitis group. CONCLUSION In an allergic rhinitis animal model developed via local sensitization of mice with D pteronyssinus, BCG was shown to exhibit an antiallergic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Whan Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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33
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Razafindratsita A, Saint-Lu N, Mascarell L, Berjont N, Bardon T, Betbeder D, Van Overtvelt L, Moingeon P. Improvement of sublingual immunotherapy efficacy with a mucoadhesive allergen formulation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:278-85. [PMID: 17531296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Revised: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 04/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sublingual immunotherapy is a noninvasive and efficacious treatment of type I respiratory allergies. A murine model of sublingual immunotherapy is needed to understand better the immune mechanisms involved in successful immunotherapy and to assess second-generation candidate vaccines. OBJECTIVE Herein, we developed a therapeutic murine model of sublingual immunotherapy in which we document the value of mucoadhesive formulations to enhance treatment efficacy. METHODS BALB/c mice were sublingually treated with soluble or formulated ovalbumin before or after sensitization with ovalbumin. Airways hyperresponsiveness and lung inflammation were assessed by whole-body plethysmography and lung histology, respectively. Humoral and cellular immune responses were monitored by ELISA and ELISPOT techniques. RESULTS Prophylactic sublingual administration of ovalbumin completely prevents airways hyperresponsiveness as well as IL-5 secretion and IgE induction. Therapeutic administration of ovalbumin as a solution via either the sublingual or oral route has a limited efficacy. In contrast, sublingual application of ovalbumin formulated with maltodextrin to enhance mucosal adhesion results in a major reduction of established airways hyperresponsiveness, lung inflammation, and IL-5 production in splenocytes. This mucoadhesive formulation significantly enhances ovalbumin-specific T-cell proliferation in cervical but not mesenteric lymph nodes, and IgA production in the lungs. CONCLUSION A mucoadhesive maltodextrin formulation of ovalbumin enhances priming of the local mucosal immune system and tolerance induction via the sublingual route. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Mucoadhesive formulations offer the opportunity to improve dramatically sublingual immunotherapy in human beings, most particularly by simplifying immunization schemes.
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Smits W, Letz K. Managing difficult-to-treat asthma: Lessons from a center of excellence in allergy and asthma care. J Med Pract Manage 2007; 22:350-8. [PMID: 17612311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
One in four asthma patients may not have their condition adequately controlled despite being treated according to current practice guidelines, and these patients experience persistent symptoms, frequent exacerbations, and high healthcare utilization. The Allergy and Asthma Center, a recognized center of excellence in the treatment of allergy and asthma, is based on a patient-first philosophy, and this article explains how the practice operates and the importance of maintaining efficient office flow, implementing technology, and building a caring and dedicated staff Because asthma patients are often referred from primary care physicians, many present with difficult-to-treat disease. Even though many of these patients have received inhaled corticosteroids either alone or in combination with other medications, their condition still remains not well controlled. Serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) is commonly elevated in patients with dfficult-to-treat asthma, and consequently, the IgE blocker omalizumab may be a viable option in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Smits
- The Allergy and Asthma Center, 7230 Engle Road, Suite 300, Fort Wayne, IN 46804, USA.
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35
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Ichikawa K, Urakami T, Yonezawa S, Miyauchi H, Shimizu K, Asai T, Oku N. Enhanced desensitization efficacy by liposomal conjugation of a specific antigen. Int J Pharm 2007; 336:391-5. [PMID: 17234372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 12/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Since liposomes are known as strong adjuvants, we attempted to use liposomes in immunotherapy as adjuvants, and to achieve desensitization in pre-sensitized mice. At first, we sensitized mice with intraperitoneal injection of model antigen, 100 microg ovalbumin (OVA), with Alum and treated them with liposome composed of distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) and cholesterol (2:1 as a molar ratio), which was coupled with a small amount of OVA (10 microg OVA in 400 nmol DSPC and 200 nmol cholesterol-liposome was injected into 20 g mouse). It is well known that antigen-specific immunotherapy increases IgG blocking antibodies and decreases in IgE antibodies. The treatment with i.v. injection of OVA-liposome at days 8, 10, and 12 after sensitization strongly suppressed OVA-specific IgE production without affecting IgG level after the boost (100 microg OVA with Alum). Moreover, the treatment with high-density OVA-liposome (10 microg OVA in 80 nmol DSPC and 40 nmol cholesterol-liposome/20 g mouse) not only strongly suppressed IgE levels but also reduced IgG production after the boost of OVA-sensitized mice suggesting the importance of liposomal characteristic in desensitization immunotherapy. Next we reduced the dose of OVA-liposome and the desensitization effect was also observed at the dose of as low as 1 microg OVA on OVA-liposome/mouse. On the contrary, free OVA did not affect the production of both IgG and IgE levels. Biodistribution study indicated that OVA-liposome was highly accumulated in spleen of OVA-sensitized mice compared to control liposome at 3 h after i.v. injection. These results suggest that the liposomal OVA effectively interacts with and desensitizes immune cells, therefore, liposomes coupling with a certain antigen may be effective in allergy immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ichikawa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and COE Program in the 21st Century, University or Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Flinterman AE, Knol EF, van Ieperen-van Dijk AG, Timmerman HM, Knulst AC, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CAFM, Pasmans SGMA, van Hoffen E. Probiotics have a different immunomodulatory potential in vitro versus ex vivo upon oral administration in children with food allergy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007; 143:237-44. [PMID: 17290150 DOI: 10.1159/000099467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Accepted: 11/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest that administration of probiotics in vitro can stimulate regulatory and Th1 immune responses. We studied both the in vitro immunological effects of probiotics and the ex vivo immunological effects after oral administration of probiotics in children with food allergy, a Th2-mediated disease. METHODS Thirteen children were enrolled. Probiotics (n = 7) or placebo (n = 6) were orally administered during 3 months. At baseline and after 1 and 3 months, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with crude peanut extract, anti-CD3, or anti-CD40 and IL-4 in the presence (in vitro response) or absence (ex vivo response) of probiotics. The proliferation and production of IFN-gamma, IL-5, IL-13, IL-10, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IgE were analyzed. Sensitization to peanut, cow's milk and hen's egg was determined before and after treatment. RESULTS The in vitro addition of probiotics to peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures resulted in enhanced proliferation and production of IFN-gamma, IL-10 and TNF-alpha. After oral treatment, proliferation in the presence of probiotics increased, whereas in vitro IgE production decreased in the probiotics group compared to baseline. The ex vivo production of IL-10, TNF-alpha and IL-6 tended to decrease. Th1 and Th2 cytokines were not altered. Sensitization remained unchanged. CONCLUSION Probiotics enhanced the production of Th1 and regulatory cytokines in vitro. Oral administration of probiotics resulted in a slightly decreased ex vivo production of IL-10, TNF-alpha and IL-6. This indicates that probiotics have a different potential to modulate the immune response in vitro versus ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Flinterman
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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37
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Bezarashvili B. [Effect of plaferon in children treated for bronchial asthma]. Georgian Med News 2006:53-6. [PMID: 17261888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
54 children with well-documented asthma (27 atopic and 27 nonatopic patients) were examined for peripherial blood serum immunoglobulins content in order to determine specific immunologic triggers of formation bronchial hyperreactivity, as well for their changes using inhaled method of treatment with Plaferon LB. According to the results of study, it was revealed statistically significant increase in G and M immunoglobulin concentrations and moderate decrease of E immunoglobulin content in atopic children. In contrast, Plaferon treatment of nonatopic children was associated in slight decrease of serum IgG concentration with simultaneous increase in IgA concentrations. These immunological changes are delineating the immunomodulatory activity of test drug.
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Takahashi N, Kitazawa H, Iwabuchi N, Xiao JZ, Miyaji K, Iwatsuki K, Saito T. Oral administration of an immunostimulatory DNA sequence from Bifidobacterium longum improves Th1/Th2 balance in a murine model. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2006; 70:2013-7. [PMID: 16926520 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have reported the antiallergic activities of the immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) BL07S, identified from genomic DNA of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 from in vitro and in vivo studies. The present study evaluated the efficiency of ODN BL07S in preventing allergic responses by oral administration. Oral administration of BL07S suppressed serum ovalbumin (OVA)-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels and improved the OVA-specific IgG2a/IgG1 ratio. ODN BL07S increased Th1 cytokine and decreased Th2 cytokine production in splenocytes. These results suggest that immunostimulatory ODNs are potentially associated with the antiallergic effects of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritoshi Takahashi
- Food Research and Development Laboratory, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Japan.
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Tanaka A, Muto S, Jung K, Itai A, Matsuda H. Topical application with a new NF-kappaB inhibitor improves atopic dermatitis in NC/NgaTnd mice. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 127:855-63. [PMID: 17068475 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence has demonstrated the crucial role of NF-kappaB activation on disease severity in allergic disorders. In this study, we examined the clinical relevance of a novel NF-kappaB inhibitor, IMD-0354, for atopic dermatitis (AD) by its topical application. To investigate the in vivo efficacy, 1% IMD-0354 ointment was applied daily to NC/NgaTnd mice with severe dermatitis, which served as a model for human AD. During 2 weeks of treatment, scratching behavior decreased and severity of dermatitis reduced in mice treated with IMD-0354 as well as FK506 without diverse effects. Based on histological examinations, the hyperplasia of keratinocytes and infiltration of inflammatory cells were significantly reduced in the skin of IMD-0354-treated mice. The expressions of T-helper 2 cytokines and tumor necrosis factor-alpha at the affected skin sites were downregulated in IMD-0354-treated mice. Furthermore, IMD-0354 suppressed the proliferation of various immunocompetent cells, neurite outgrowth of nerve growth factor-stimulated pheochromocytoma cells, IgE production from splenic B cells, and IgE-mediated activation of mast cells in vitro. IMD-0354 effectively reduced the allergic inflammation in NC/NgaTnd mice in vivo. Thus, a drug that interferes with NF-kappaB activity may provide an alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Division of Animal Life Science, Graduate School, Institute of Symbiotic Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Fukushima H, Hirano T, Shibayama N, Miwa K, Ito T, Saito M, Sumida H, Oyake S, Tsuboi R, Oka K. The Role of Immune Response to Staphylococcus aureus Superantigens and Disease Severity in Relation to the Sensitivity to Tacrolimus in Atopic Dermatitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 141:281-9. [PMID: 16931890 DOI: 10.1159/000095298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2005] [Accepted: 04/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus-producing superantigens (SAgs), such as staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) or toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), are frequently observed in atopic dermatitis (AD). However, little has been done to establish the association of immune responses to SAgs and the therapeutic response to immunosuppressive drugs in AD. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence and role of SAgs in the pathophysiology and immunosuppressive drug sensitivity in AD patients. METHODS We classified 29 patients into two groups on the basis of their clinical AD scores: a low-score group (n = 14) corresponding to mild to moderate patients and a high-score group (n = 15) corresponding to severe patients. We estimated the plasma anti-SEB or TSST-1 IgE of these patients and healthy subjects by ELISA. We also estimated individual drug sensitivity by determining drug concentrations that would give 50% inhibition (IC(50)) of peripheral-blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation in vitro. RESULTS The levels of plasma anti-SEB or TSST-1 IgE in the severe patients were significantly higher than those in the mild to moderate patients (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). When stimulated with concanavalin A in vitro, PBMCs in the severe patients exhibited low sensitivity to the suppressive efficacy of tacrolimus (FK506) as compared to the mild to moderate patients (p < 0.01). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the IC(50)s of FK506 and plasma anti-TSST-1 IgE levels (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We showed that PBMCs in severe AD patients exhibited lower sensitivity to FK506, and had higher plasma levels of anti-TSST-1 IgE as compared to the mild AD patients. SAgs appear to be one of the causes of decreased PBMC sensitivity to FK506, and therefore an alternative treatment would be useful based on the individual drug sensitivity data and anti-TSST-1 IgE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayo Fukushima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Tokyo, Japan.
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An Q, Wei S, Mu S, Zhang X, Lei Y, Zhang W, Jia N, Cheng X, Fan A, Li Z, Xu Z. Mapping the antigenic determinants and reducing the immunogenicity of trichosanthin by site-directed mutagenesis. J Biomed Sci 2006; 13:637-43. [PMID: 16977428 DOI: 10.1007/s11373-006-9095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2006] [Accepted: 06/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichosanthin (TCS) is a type I ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) possessing multiple pharmacological properties. One of its interesting properties is to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication but its strong immunogenicity has limited the repeated clinical administration. To map the antigenic determinants and reduce the immunogenicity of TCS, two potential antigenic sites (YFF81-83 and KR173-174) were identified by computer modeling, and then three TCS mutants namely TCS(YFF81-83ACS), TCS(KR173-174CG), and TCS(YFF-KR) were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis. The RI activity and DNase-like activity of the three constructed TCS mutants were similar to natural TCS but with much lower immunogenicity. Results suggested that the two selected sites are all located at or near the antigenic determinants of TCS. In toxicity studies, the LD(50) of the three TCS mutants was not different from natural TCS. These findings would be useful in designing a better therapeutic agent for AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunxing An
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Medical University of PLA, Xi'an, 710032, China
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Jeng HA, Lee IL, Gau YY, Yang CT, Lin C, Hong YJ. Changes in immunological and hematological parameters of female residents exposed to volatile organic compounds in the city of Kaohsiung, Taiwan. J Environ Health 2006; 69:20-5. [PMID: 16986415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the effects, if any, of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the ambient air of Kaohsiung, Taiwan, on certain hematological and immunological parameters of 153 female study participants. The major source of VOCs was vehicle emissions. The participants were selected from three areas, each area at a different distance from a freeway. Results indicated that total concentrations of VOCs and a subgroup of 25 VOCs (VOC25) ranged from 250 to 335 ppb and 89 to 113 ppb, respectively. The distribution of VOC concentrations did not correlate with distance from the freeway. The participants living in the area with higher VOC concentrations had significantly higher abnormalities of white blood cells (WBC) and hemoglobin (Hb). In addition, IgG and IgA counts were significantly lower for the participants in the area with higher VOCs than for participants in the area with lower VOCs. This finding indicates that VOCs in ambient air may suppress immunological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hueiwang Anna Jeng
- Juh-ing Junior College of Health, Care, and Management, Department of Public Health, Institute of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
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Okamoto N, Murata T, Tamai H, Tanaka H, Nagai H. Effects of alpha tocopherol and probucol supplements on allergen-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 141:172-80. [PMID: 16899985 DOI: 10.1159/000094896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2005] [Accepted: 05/16/2006] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of antioxidants in airway hyperresponsiveness to acetylcholine using young asthma model mice, which were sensitized and stimulated with ovalbumin. METHODS The mice had been fed either a normal diet, an alpha-tocopherol-supplemented diet or a probucol-supplemented diet 14 days before the first sensitization. They were immunized with antigen at intervals of 12 days and, starting from 10 days after the second immunization, they were exposed to antigen 3 times every 4th day using an ultrasonic nebulizer. Twenty-four hours after the last antigen inhalation, airway responsiveness to acetylcholine was measured and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected. A blood and lung tissue study was also carried out. RESULTS Twenty-four hours after the last antigen challenge, both IL-4 and IL-5 in the BALF of alpha-tocopherol-supplemented mice were significantly decreased. The IL-5 level in probucol-supplemented mice was also decreased, but there was no difference in IL-4 levels. The serum IgE level was decreased in probucol-supplemented mice. Differential cell rates of the fluid revealed a significant decrease in eosinophils due to antioxidant supplementation. Airway hyperresponsiveness to acetylcholine was also repressed in antioxidant-supplemented mice. In histological sections of lung tissue, inflammatory cells and mucus secretion were markedly reduced in antioxidant-supplemented mice. We investigated the antioxidant effect on our model mice by examining 8-isoprostane in BALF and lung tissue, and acrolein in BALF; however, our experiment gave us no evidence of the antioxidant properties of either alpha-tocopherol or probucol contributing to the reduction of airway inflammation. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that alpha-tocopherol and probucol suppress allergic responses in asthma model mice, although these two drugs cause suppression in different ways that are unrelated to antioxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Okamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki City, Osaka Prefecture, Japan.
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Vigo PG, Girgis KR, Pfuetze BL, Critchlow ME, Fisher J, Hussain I. Efficacy of anti-IgE therapy in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 55:168-70. [PMID: 16781320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2005.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2005] [Revised: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 12/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Vega A, Chacón P, Alba G, El Bekay R, Martín-Nieto J, Sobrino F. Modulation of IgE-dependent COX-2 gene expression by reactive oxygen species in human neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2006; 80:152-63. [PMID: 16624933 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0705411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a key enzyme in prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Up-regulation of its COX-2 isoform is responsible for the increased PG release, taking place under inflammatory conditions, and also, is thought to be involved in allergic and inflammatory diseases. In the present work, we demonstrate that COX-2 expression becomes highly induced by anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies and by antigens in human neutrophils from allergic patients. This induction was detected at mRNA and protein levels and was accompanied by a concomitant PGE(2) and thromboxane A(2) release. We also show evidence that inhibitors of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, such as 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulphonyl fluoride and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyaceto-phenone, completely cancelled anti-IgE-induced COX-2 protein up-regulation, suggesting that this process is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidase activity. Moreover, the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and also, the transcription factor, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, are involved in the up-regulation of COX-2 expression, as specific chemical inhibitors of these two kinases, such as SB203580 and PD098059, and of the NF-kappaB pathway, such as N(alpha)-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-leucyl-l-leucyl-l-leucinal, abolished IgE-dependent COX-2 induction. Evidence is also presented, using Fe(2)(+)/Cu(2)(+) ions, that hydroxyl radicals generated from hydrogen peroxide through Fenton reactions could constitute candidate modulators able to directly trigger anti-IgE-elicited COX-2 expression through MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways. Present results underscore a new role for ROS as second messengers in the modulation of COX-2 expression by human neutrophils in allergic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Vega
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41009 Sevilla, Spain
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Bhalla PL, Singh MB. Future directions for allergen immunotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 5:1-3. [PMID: 16613558 DOI: 10.2174/187152806775269358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mo JH, Park SW, Rhee CS, Takabayashi K, Lee SS, Quan SH, Kim IS, Min IYG, Raz E, Lee CH. Suppression of allergic response by CpG motif oligodeoxynucleotide-house-dust mite conjugate in animal model of allergic rhinitis. Am J Rhinol 2006; 20:212-8. [PMID: 16686392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there have been many therapeutic options for allergic disease, the true allergen desensitization remains a challenging goal. The classic immunotherapy has a limited efficacy, is inconvenient, and has a risk of anaphylaxis. Recent reports revealed that immunostimulatory DNA sequences (ISS-oligdeoxynucleotide [ODN], CpG motif) act as a strong Th1 response-inducing adjuvants and that DNA-based vaccination might be an effective therapeutic option. In this study, we investigate whether ISS-ODN/Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f) conjugate has antiallergic effects in the allergic rhinitis mouse model, sensitive to house-dust mites. Der f is the most common allergen-inducing allergic rhinitis in Korea. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were sensitized with crude extract of Der f. After injection of ISS-ODN or ISS-ODN/Der f conjugate, several parameters of allergic response were evaluated. RESULTS Scratching and sneezing symptoms and eosinophilic infiltration into nasal mucosa were suppressed by injection with ISS-ODN only and ISS-ODN/Der f conjugate. Interleukin-5 level was decreased and interferon gamma level was increased in nasal lavage fluid by injection of ISS-ODN/Der f conjugate. Der f-specific immunoglobulin E was decreased by injection of ISS-ODN or Der f /ISS-ODN conjugate; however, these were not statistically significant. Transforming growth factor beta1 secreted by cultured splenocyte was increased significantly in ISS-ODN/Der f conjugate group. CONCLUSION These results suggest ISS-ODN/Der f conjugate induces an antiallergic effect and induces an increase in transforming growth factor beta1 level in the allergic rhinitis model using Der f allergen. Allergic response developed by Der f allergen could be more effectively reduced by injection with ISS-ODN/Der f conjugate than by injection with ISS-ODN only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hun Mo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Krauth MT, Majlesi Y, Sonneck K, Samorapoompichit P, Ghannadan M, Hauswirth AW, Baghestanian M, Schernthaner GH, Worda C, Müller MR, Sperr WR, Valent P. Effects of various statins on cytokine-dependent growth and IgE-dependent release of histamine in human mast cells. Allergy 2006; 61:281-8. [PMID: 16436135 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.00997.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins are inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, a key enzyme in mevalonic acid (MVA)-dependent signaling. Recent data suggest that statins exhibit profound inhibitory effects on growth and function of various immune cells. In the present study, we examined the in vitro effects of five different statins on primary human mast cells (MCs), MC progenitors, and the human MC line HMC-1. METHODS Histamine release experiments were conducted on isolated MCs using statins and an anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody. Culture experiments were performed with stem cell factor (SCF) and interleukin (IL)-6, and cord blood-derived progenitors. RESULTS Preincubation of primary lung MCs with cerivastatin or atorvastatin (1-50 microM) for 24 h resulted in inhibition of anti-IgE-induced release of histamine. The effects of both statins were dose-dependent. Moreover, both statins, and to a lesser degree lovastatin, were found to inhibit the SCF-induced differentiation of MCs from their progenitors. The other statins tested (simvastatin, pravastatin) did not affect mediator release or growth of MCs. CONCLUSIONS Cerivastatin and atorvastatin act as inhibitors of growth and function of human MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Krauth
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Liu AH. Treatment of asthma with anti-immunoglobulin E monoclonal antibody. Allergy Asthma Proc 2006; 27:S24-8. [PMID: 16722328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Clinical experience with anti-immunoglobulin E monoclonal antibody therapy (i.e., omalizumab) for asthma is maturing. Now several years after U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval and release, more studies of the clinical efficacy and safety of omalizumab have been published. We are gaining a better understanding of those patients with asthma who are likely to benefit from the therapy. The large majority of patients with asthma who meet the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved criteria for omalizumab therapy have severe persistent asthma. Additionally, in patients with severe disease, several predictive markers of clinical improvement with omalizumab therapy have been identified recently. There is good reason to have increasing comfort with omalizumab therapeutic trials, especially in those with severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Liu
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Jewish Medical & Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA.
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Ettmayer P, Mayer P, Kalthoff F, Neruda W, Harrer N, Hartmann G, Epstein MM, Brinkmann V, Heusser C, Woisetschläger M. A novel low molecular weight inhibitor of dendritic cells and B cells blocks allergic inflammation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 173:599-606. [PMID: 16387807 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200503-468oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE During allergic lung inflammation dendritic cells (DCs) direct the generation and function of effector T-helper type 2 cells. T-helper type 2 cells not only orchestrate the inflammatory processes in the tissue by inducing the accumulation and activation of proinflammatory cells but also induce IgE production by B cells. Thus, inhibitors of DC function should have therapeutic benefits in patients with allergies. METHODS AND MEASUREMENTS VAF347, a novel low molecular weight immunomodulator, is described and acts as an antiinflammatory compound by a dual mode of action. RESULTS VAF347 inhibited the function of human monocyte-derived DCs to induce T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. Mechanistically, this effect may be due to reduced expression of CD86, HLA-DR, and interleukin 6 by DCs. In addition, the compound inhibited IgE synthesis in an isotype-specific fashion by human B lymphocytes. In a mouse model of antigen-induced eosinophilic inflammation, VAF347 blocked lung eosinophilia, mucus hyperplasia, and serum IgE levels, representing the hallmarks of allergic lung inflammation. The biological effects in vivo are most likely mediated by the immunoregulatory role of VAF347 on DCs because allergic lung inflammation was also inhibited in B-cell-deficient mice. CONCLUSION VAF347 represents a novel type of immunomodulator by affecting two major pathways in allergic airway pathogenesis: dendritic cell-mediated T-helper-cell activation and induction of IgE production by human B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ettmayer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Brunnerstrasse 59, A-1230 Vienna, Austria
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