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Davis SR, Ampon RD, Poulos LM, Lee T, Marks GB, Toelle BG, Reddel HK. Prevalence and burden of difficult-to-treat and severe asthma in Australia: A national population survey. Respirology 2024. [PMID: 38709664 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Most evidence about difficult-to-treat and severe asthma (DTTA) comes from clinical trials and registries. We aimed to identify people with DTTA from a large nationally representative asthma population and describe their characteristics and healthcare utilization compared with people whose asthma was not 'difficult-to-treat'. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of Australians aged ≥18 years with current asthma from large web-based survey panels. Enrolment was stratified by gender, age-group and state/territory based on national population data for people with asthma. Difficult-to-treat or severe asthma was defined by poor symptom control, exacerbations and/or oral corticosteroid/biologic use despite medium/high-dose inhaled therapy. Outcomes included exacerbations, healthcare utilization, multimorbidity, quality of life and coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19)-related behaviour. Weighted data were analysed using SAS version 9.4. RESULTS The survey was conducted in February-March 2021. The weighted sample comprised 6048 adults with current asthma (average age 47.3 ± SD 18.1 years, 59.9% female), with 1313 (21.7%) satisfying ≥1 DTTA criteria. Of these, 50.4% had very poorly controlled symptoms (Asthma Control Test ≤15), 36.2% were current smokers, and 85.4% had ≥1 additional chronic condition, most commonly anxiety/depression. More than twice as many participants with DTTA versus non-DTTA had ≥1 urgent general practitioner (GP) visit (61.4% vs. 27.5%, OR 4.8 [4.2-5.5, p < 0.0001]), or ≥1 emergency room visit (41.9% vs. 17.9%, OR 3.8 [3.3-4.4, p < 0.0001]) in the previous 12 months. CONCLUSION Our findings emphasize the burden of uncontrolled symptoms, current smoking, multimorbidity and healthcare utilization in people with DTTA in the community, who may be under-represented in registries or clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon R Davis
- Australian Centre for Airways disease Monitoring, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rosario D Ampon
- Australian Centre for Airways disease Monitoring, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leanne M Poulos
- Australian Centre for Airways disease Monitoring, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Taehoon Lee
- Australian Centre for Airways disease Monitoring, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Guy B Marks
- Australian Centre for Airways disease Monitoring, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brett G Toelle
- Australian Centre for Airways disease Monitoring, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen K Reddel
- Australian Centre for Airways disease Monitoring, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Hatter L, Holliday M, Eathorne A, Bruce P, Pavord ID, Reddel HK, Hancox RJ, Papi A, Weatherall M, Beasley R. The carbon footprint of as-needed budesonide-formoterol in mild asthma: a post hoc analysis. Eur Respir J 2024:2301705. [PMID: 38609096 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01705-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of pressurised metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) and asthma exacerbations necessitating healthcare reviews contribute substantially to the global carbon footprint of healthcare. It is possible that a reduction in carbon footprint could be achieved by switching patients with mild asthma from salbutamol pMDI reliever therapy to inhaled corticosteroid-formoterol dry powder inhaler (DPI) reliever therapy, as recommended by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). METHODS This post hoc analysis included all 668 adult participants in the Novel START trial, who were randomised 1:1:1 to treatment with: as-needed budesonide-formoterol DPI, as-needed salbutamol pMDI, or maintenance budesonide DPI plus as-needed salbutamol pMDI. The primary outcome was carbon footprint of asthma management, expressed as kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions (kgCO2e), per person year. Secondary outcomes explored the effect of baseline symptom control and adherence (maintenance budesonide DPI arm only) on carbon footprint. RESULTS As-needed budesonide-formoterol DPI was associated with 95.8% and 93.6% lower carbon footprint compared with as-needed salbutamol pMDI (least squares mean 1.1 versus 26.2 kgCO2e; difference -25.0, 95% CI -29.7 to -20.4; p<0.001) and maintenance budesonide DPI plus as-needed salbutamol pMDI (least squares mean 1.1 versus 17.3 kgCO2e; difference -16.2, 95% CI -20.9 to -11.6; p<0.001), respectively. There was no statistically significant evidence that treatment differences in carbon footprint depended on baseline symptom control or adherence in the maintenance budesonide DPI arm. CONCLUSIONS The as-needed budesonide-formoterol DPI treatment option was associated with a markedly lower carbon footprint than as-needed salbutamol pMDI and maintenance budesonide DPI plus as-needed salbutamol pMDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Hatter
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mark Holliday
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Allie Eathorne
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Pepa Bruce
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ian D Pavord
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine and Oxford Respiratory NIHR BRC, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen K Reddel
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert J Hancox
- Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alberto Papi
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University di Ferrara, Ferarra, Italy
| | | | - Richard Beasley
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Ding B, Chen S, Rapsomaniki E, Quinton A, Cook W, Reddel HK, Papi A. Burden of Uncontrolled Severe Asthma With and Without Elevated Type-2 Inflammatory Biomarkers. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2024; 12:970-982. [PMID: 38141721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with asthma have type-2 airway inflammation, identified by the presence of biomarkers, including history of allergy, high blood eosinophil (EOS) count, and high fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels. OBJECTIVE To assess disease burden in relation to type-2 inflammatory biomarker status (history of allergy, blood EOS count, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide level) in patients with uncontrolled and controlled severe asthma in the NOVEL observational longiTudinal studY (NOVELTY) (NCT02760329). METHODS Asthma diagnosis and severity were physician-reported. Control was defined using Asthma Control Test score (uncontrolled <20, controlled ≥20) and/or 1 or more severe physician-reported exacerbation in the previous year. Biomarker distribution (history of allergy, blood EOS count, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide level), symptom burden (Asthma Control Test score, modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale), health status (St George's Respiratory Questionnaire score), exacerbations, and health care resource utilization were assessed. RESULTS Of 647 patients with severe asthma, 446 had uncontrolled and 123 had controlled asthma. Among those with uncontrolled asthma, 196 (44%) had 2 or more positive biomarkers, 187 (42%) had 1 positive biomarker, 325 (73%) had low blood EOS, and 63 (14%) were triple-negative. Disease burden was similarly high across uncontrolled subgroups, irrespective of biomarker status, with poor symptom control (Asthma Control Test score 14.9-16.6), impaired health status (St George's Respiratory Questionnaire total score 46.7-49.4), clinically important breathlessness (modified Medical Research Council grade ≥2 in 47.3%-57.1%), and 1 or more severe exacerbation (70.6%-76.2%). CONCLUSIONS Type-2 inflammatory biomarkers did not differentiate disease burden in patients with severe asthma. Patients with low type-2 inflammatory biomarker levels have few biologic therapy options; their needs should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ding
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Stephanie Chen
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Md
| | - Eleni Rapsomaniki
- Real World Data Science, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Quinton
- Global Health Economics and Payer Evidence, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - William Cook
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Md
| | - Helen K Reddel
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alberto Papi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Zhou Y, Ampon MR, Abramson MJ, James AL, Maguire GP, Wood-Baker R, Johns DP, Marks GB, Reddel HK, Toelle BG. Respiratory Symptoms, Disease Burden, and Quality of Life in Australian Adults According to GOLD Spirometry Grades: Data from the BOLD Australia Study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:2839-2847. [PMID: 38053919 PMCID: PMC10695119 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s425202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Population data on the burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are often based on patient-reported diagnoses of COPD, emphysema or chronic bronchitis, without spirometry. We aimed to investigate the relationship between health burden, quality of life and severity of airway obstruction in Australian adults aged ≥40 years. Methods We used data from the BOLD Australia study, which included randomly selected adults aged ≥40 years from six study sites to reflect the sociodemographic and geographic diversity of the Australian population (n = 3522). Participants with post-bronchodilator airflow limitation (ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second FEV1 to forced vital capacity <0.7) were grouped by GOLD spirometry grades 1-4. Quality of life was assessed with Short Form 12 (SF-12) Health Survey Questionnaire. Health burden was assessed as lost time off work or social activities, and healthcare utilization. Results Of the study sample, 2969 participants did not have airflow limitation, 294 (8.4%) were classified as GOLD Grade 1, 212 (6.0%) as GOLD 2 and 43 (1.2%) as GOLD 3-4. Participants with higher GOLD grades had more respiratory symptoms, more comorbidities and greater burden than those with lower GOLD grades. The scores of mental and physical subscales of SF-12 were lower, indicating worse quality of life, from the no airflow limitation group to the GOLD 3-4 group (P = 0.03 and P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion Greater airflow limitation is associated with greater burden and poor quality of life. Interventions to prevent, or reduce the level of, airflow limitation will reduce the symptom burden and improve quality of life for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Zhou
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria R Ampon
- Australian Centre for Airways Disease Monitoring, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael J Abramson
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alan L James
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Richard Wood-Baker
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David P Johns
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Guy B Marks
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen K Reddel
- Australian Centre for Airways Disease Monitoring, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brett G Toelle
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Levy ML, Bateman ED, Allan K, Bacharier LB, Bonini M, Boulet LP, Bourdin A, Brightling C, Brusselle G, Buhl R, Chakaya MJ, Cruz AA, Drazen J, Ducharme FM, Duijts L, Fleming L, Inoue H, Ko FWS, Krishnan JA, Masekela R, Mortimer K, Pitrez P, Salvi S, Sheikh A, Reddel HK, Yorgancıoğlu A. Global access and patient safety in the transition to environmentally friendly respiratory inhalers: the Global Initiative for Asthma perspective. Lancet 2023; 402:1012-1016. [PMID: 37480934 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric D Bateman
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Keith Allan
- Department of Patient and Community Engagement, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Leonard B Bacharier
- Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matteo Bonini
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Chris Brightling
- Institute for Lung Health, Leicester NIHR BRC, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Guy Brusselle
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Departments of Epidemiology and Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roland Buhl
- Pulmonary Department, Mainz University Hospital, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Alvaro A Cruz
- ProAR Foundation and School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey Drazen
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francine M Ducharme
- Departments of Pediatrics and of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology and Neonatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Louise Fleming
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hiromasa Inoue
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Fanny W S Ko
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- Breathe Chicago Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Refiloe Masekela
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kevin Mortimer
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK; Cambridge Africa Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paulo Pitrez
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sundeep Salvi
- Pulmocare Research and Education (PURE) Foundation, Pune, India
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Primary Care Research & Development and Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Helen K Reddel
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Hughes R, Rapsomaniki E, Bansal AT, Vestbo J, Price D, Agustí A, Beasley R, Fageras M, Alacqua M, Papi A, Müllerová H, Reddel HK. Cluster Analyses From the Real-World NOVELTY Study: Six Clusters Across the Asthma-COPD Spectrum. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2023; 11:2803-2811. [PMID: 37230383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are complex diseases, the definitions of which overlap. OBJECTIVE To investigate clustering of clinical/physiological features and readily available biomarkers in patients with physician-assigned diagnoses of asthma and/or COPD in the NOVEL observational longiTudinal studY (NOVELTY; NCT02760329). METHODS Two approaches were taken to variable selection using baseline data: approach A was data-driven, hypothesis-free and used the Pearson dissimilarity matrix; approach B used an unsupervised Random Forest guided by clinical input. Cluster analyses were conducted across 100 random resamples using partitioning around medoids, followed by consensus clustering. RESULTS Approach A included 3796 individuals (mean age, 59.5 years; 54% female); approach B included 2934 patients (mean age, 60.7 years; 53% female). Each identified 6 mathematically stable clusters, which had overlapping characteristics. Overall, 67% to 75% of patients with asthma were in 3 clusters, and approximately 90% of patients with COPD were in 3 clusters. Although traditional features such as allergies and current/ex-smoking (respectively) were higher in these clusters, there were differences between clusters and approaches in features such as sex, ethnicity, breathlessness, frequent productive cough, and blood cell counts. The strongest predictors of the approach A cluster membership were age, weight, childhood onset, prebronchodilator FEV1, duration of dust/fume exposure, and number of daily medications. CONCLUSIONS Cluster analyses in patients from NOVELTY with asthma and/or COPD yielded identifiable clusters, with several discriminatory features that differed from conventional diagnostic characteristics. The overlap between clusters suggests that they do not reflect discrete underlying mechanisms and points to the need for identification of molecular endotypes and potential treatment targets across asthma and/or COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rod Hughes
- Early Clinical Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | - Jørgen Vestbo
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David Price
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore; Centre of Academic Primary Care, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Alvar Agustí
- Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard Beasley
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Malin Fageras
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marianna Alacqua
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Papi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Hana Müllerová
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Helen K Reddel
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Zhou Y, Ampon MR, Abramson MJ, James AL, Maguire GP, Wood-Baker R, Johns DP, Marks GB, Reddel HK, Toelle BG. Clinical characteristics of adults with self-reported diagnosed asthma and/or COPD: data from the BOLD Australia Study. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00098-2023. [PMID: 37609600 PMCID: PMC10440648 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00098-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diagnosis of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the community is variable, often without spirometry. Some studies report that adults with both diagnostic labels (asthma+COPD) have worse health outcomes than those with asthma or COPD only, but data for Australian adults are limited. We investigated the relationship between clinical characteristics and self-reported diagnoses of asthma, COPD and both. Method We used data from the BOLD Australia study, which included randomly selected adults aged ≥40 years from six study sites. The BOLD questionnaires and spirometry test were used in all sites. Participants were grouped by self-reported diagnosis. Demographic and clinical characteristics and lung function were compared between groups. Results Of the study sample (n=3522), 336 reported asthma only, 172 reported COPD only, 77 reported asthma+COPD and 2937 reported neither. Fewer than half of participants with a COPD diagnosis (with or without asthma) had airflow limitation. Participants with asthma+COPD had more respiratory symptoms and greater airflow limitation than those with either diagnosis alone. Having asthma+COPD was independently associated with a higher probability of having clinically important breathlessness (modified Medical Research Council score ≥2) than asthma only (adjusted OR 3.44, 95% CI 1.86-6.33) or COPD only (adjusted OR 3.28, 95% CI 1.69-6.39). Airflow limitation (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2 or higher, using post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio <0.7) was similar between asthma only and COPD only, but twice as prevalent in asthma+COPD (adjusted OR 2.18 and 2.58, respectively). Conclusions Adults with diagnoses of asthma+COPD have a higher symptom and disease burden than those with diagnoses of asthma only or COPD only. These patients should receive regular comprehensive reviews because of the substantially increased burden of having both diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Zhou
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria R. Ampon
- Australian Centre for Airways Disease Monitoring, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael J. Abramson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Richard Wood-Baker
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David P. Johns
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Guy B. Marks
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Helen K. Reddel
- Australian Centre for Airways Disease Monitoring, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brett G. Toelle
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
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8
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Ding B, Chen S, Srivastava D, Quinton A, Cook W, Papi A, Reddel HK. Symptom Burden, Health Status, and Productivity in Patients with Uncontrolled and Controlled Severe Asthma in NOVELTY. J Asthma Allergy 2023; 16:611-624. [PMID: 37334017 PMCID: PMC10274410 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s401445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have quantified symptom burden, health status, and productivity in patients with uncontrolled and controlled severe asthma. Up-to-date, real-world, global evidence is needed. Objective To quantify symptom burden, health status, and productivity in patients with uncontrolled and controlled severe asthma using baseline data from the NOVEL observational longiTudinal studY (NOVELTY; NCT02760329). Methods NOVELTY included patients aged ≥18 years (or ≥12 years in some countries) from primary care and specialist centres in 19 countries, with a physician-assigned diagnosis of asthma, asthma+chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or COPD. Disease severity was physician-assessed. Uncontrolled severe asthma was defined by an Asthma Control Test (ACT) score <20 and/or severe physician-reported exacerbations in the previous year; controlled severe asthma required an ACT score ≥20 and no severe exacerbations. Assessment of symptom burden included Respiratory Symptoms Questionnaire (RSQ) and ACT score. Assessment of health status included St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), EuroQoL 5 Dimensions 5 Levels Health Questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) index value, and EQ-5D-5L Visual Analog Score (EQ-VAS). Assessment of productivity loss included absenteeism, presenteeism, overall work impairment, and activity impairment. Results Of 1652 patients with severe asthma, asthma was uncontrolled in 1078 (65.3%; mean age 52.6 years, 65.8% female) and controlled in 315 (19.1%; mean age 55.2 years, 56.5% female). With uncontrolled versus controlled severe asthma, symptom burden was higher (mean RSQ score 7.7 vs 2.5), health status more impaired (mean SGRQ total score 47.5 vs 22.4; mean EQ-5D-5L index value 0.68 vs 0.90; mean EQ-VAS score 64.1 vs 78.1), and productivity lower (presenteeism 29.3% vs 10.5%). Conclusion Our findings highlight the symptom burden of uncontrolled severe asthma compared with controlled severe asthma and its impact on patient health status and productivity, and support the need for interventions to improve control of severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ding
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Chen
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Anna Quinton
- BioPharmaceuticals Business Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - William Cook
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Alberto Papi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Helen K Reddel
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Mohan A, Lugogo NL, Hanania NA, Reddel HK, Akuthota P, O’Byrne PM, Guilbert T, Papi A, Price D, Jenkins CR, Kraft M, Bacharier LB, Boulet LP, Yawn BP, Pleasants R, Lazarus SC, Beasley R, Gauvreau G, Israel E, Schneider-Futschik EK, Yorgancioglu A, Martinez F, Moore W, Sumino K. Questions in Mild Asthma: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:e77-e96. [PMID: 37260227 PMCID: PMC10263130 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202304-0642st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with mild asthma are believed to represent the majority of patients with asthma. Disease-associated risks such as exacerbations, lung function decline, and death have been understudied in this patient population. There have been no prior efforts from major societies to describe research needs in mild asthma. Methods: A multidisciplinary, diverse group of 24 international experts reviewed the literature, identified knowledge gaps, and provided research recommendations relating to mild asthma definition, pathophysiology, and management across all age groups. Research needs were also investigated from a patient perspective, generated in conjunction with patients with asthma, caregivers, and stakeholders. Of note, this project is not a systematic review of the evidence and is not a clinical practice guideline. Results: There are multiple unmet needs in research on mild asthma driven by large knowledge gaps in all areas. Specifically, there is an immediate need for a robust mild asthma definition and an improved understanding of its pathophysiology and management strategies across all age groups. Future research must factor in patient perspectives. Conclusions: Despite significant advances in severe asthma, there remain innumerable research areas requiring urgent attention in mild asthma. An important first step is to determine a better definition that will accurately reflect the heterogeneity and risks noted in this group. This research statement highlights the topics of research that are of the highest priority. Furthermore, it firmly advocates the need for engagement with patient groups and for more support for research in this field.
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10
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Chen W, Reddel HK, FitzGerald JM, Beasley R, Janson C, Sadatsafavi M. Can we predict who will benefit most from biologics in severe asthma? A post-hoc analysis of two phase 3 trials. Respir Res 2023; 24:120. [PMID: 37131185 PMCID: PMC10155396 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02409-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individualized prediction of treatment response may improve the value proposition of advanced treatment options in severe asthma. This study aimed to investigate the combined capacity of patient characteristics in predicting treatment response to mepolizumab in patients with severe asthma. METHODS Patient-level data were pooled from two multinational phase 3 trials of mepolizumab in severe eosinophilic asthma. We fitted penalized regression models to quantify reductions in the rate of severe exacerbations and the 5-item Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ5) score. The capacity of 15 covariates towards predicting treatment response was quantified by the Gini index (measuring disparities in treatment benefit) as well as observed treatment benefit within the quintiles of predicted treatment benefit. RESULTS There was marked variability in the ability of patient characteristics to predict treatment response; covariates explained greater heterogeneity in predicting treatment response to asthma control than to exacerbation frequency (Gini index 0.35 v. 0.24). Key predictors for treatment benefit for severe exacerbations included exacerbation history, blood eosinophil count, baseline ACQ5 score and age, and those for symptom control included blood eosinophil count and presence of nasal polyps. Overall, the average reduction in exacerbations was 0.90/year (95%CI, 0.87‒0.92) and average reduction in ACQ5 score was 0.18 (95% CI, 0.02‒0.35). Among the top 20% of patients for predicted treatment benefit, exacerbations were reduced by 2.23/year (95% CI, 2.03‒2.43) and ACQ5 score were reduced by 0.59 (95% CI, 0.19‒0.98). Among the bottom 20% of patients for predicted treatment benefit, exacerbations were reduced by 0.25/year (95% CI, 0.16‒0.34) and ACQ5 by -0.20 (95% CI, -0.51 to 0.11). CONCLUSION A precision medicine approach based on multiple patient characteristics can guide biologic therapy in severe asthma, especially in identifying patients who will not benefit as much from therapy. Patient characteristics had a greater capacity to predict treatment response to asthma control than to exacerbation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01691521 (registered September 24, 2012) and NCT01000506 (registered October 23, 2009).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, MD1 - Tahir Foundation Building, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.
| | - Helen K Reddel
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - J Mark FitzGerald
- Respiratory Evaluation Sciences Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Richard Beasley
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Sadatsafavi
- Respiratory Evaluation Sciences Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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11
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Tomaszewski EL, Atkinson MJ, Janson C, Karlsson N, Make B, Price D, Reddel HK, Vogelmeier CF, Müllerová H, Jones PW. Chronic Airways Assessment Test: psychometric properties in patients with asthma and/or COPD. Respir Res 2023; 24:106. [PMID: 37031164 PMCID: PMC10082977 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No short patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments assess overall health status across different obstructive lung diseases. Thus, the wording of the introduction to the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Assessment Test (CAT) was modified to permit use in asthma and/or COPD. This tool is called the Chronic Airways Assessment Test (CAAT). METHODS The psychometric properties of the CAAT were evaluated using baseline data from the NOVELTY study (NCT02760329) in patients with physician-assigned asthma, asthma + COPD or COPD. Analyses included exploratory/confirmatory factor analyses, differential item functioning and analysis of construct validity. Responses to the CAAT and CAT were compared in patients with asthma + COPD and those with COPD. RESULTS CAAT items were internally consistent (Cronbach's alpha: > 0.7) within each diagnostic group (n = 510). Models for structural and measurement invariance were strong. Tests of differential item functioning showed small differences between asthma and COPD in individual items, but these were not consistent in direction and had minimal overall impact on the total score. The CAAT and CAT were highly consistent when assessed in all NOVELTY patients who completed both (N = 277, Pearson's correlation coefficient: 0.90). Like the CAT itself, CAAT scores correlated moderately (0.4-0.7) to strongly (> 0.7) with other PRO measures and weakly (< 0.4) with spirometry measures. CONCLUSIONS CAAT scores appear to reflect the same health impairment across asthma and COPD, making the CAAT an appropriate PRO instrument for patients with asthma and/or COPD. Its brevity makes it suitable for use in clinical studies and routine clinical practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02760329.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Tomaszewski
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, 1 Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | | | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Barry Make
- National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - David Price
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre of Academic Primary Care, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Helen K Reddel
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Claus F Vogelmeier
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Paul W Jones
- Global Respiratory Franchise, GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, Middlesex, UK
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12
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Yorgancıoğlu A, Reddel HK. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA): 30 years of promoting evidence-based asthma care. Allergy 2023. [PMID: 36934290 DOI: 10.1111/all.15714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Yorgancıoğlu
- Chair of GINA Board of Directors. Department of Pulmonology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Helen K Reddel
- Chair, GINA Science Committee. Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
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13
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Cardet JC, Papi A, Reddel HK. "As-Needed" Inhaled Corticosteroids for Patients With Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2023; 11:726-734. [PMID: 36702246 PMCID: PMC10006338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of severe asthma exacerbations is a primary management goal for asthma across the severity spectrum. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) decrease the risk of asthma exacerbations, but patient adherence to ICS-containing medications as a daily maintenance therapy is poor, and many patients overuse short-acting beta2-agonist relievers; both are associated with increased risk of severe exacerbations and death. Airway inflammation also varies over time, influenced by exposures such as viral infections and allergen. As-needed ICS strategies, in which patients receive ICSs (or additional ICSs, if already taking controller therapy) whenever they take their reliever inhaler, empower patients to adjust their ICS intake in response to symptom fluctuation. These strategies can improve asthma morbidity outcomes, particularly by reducing severe exacerbations and reducing the risk of adverse effects of oral corticosteroids. In this review, the evidence for combination ICS-formoterol in a single inhaler, ICS and short-acting beta2-agonists in separate inhalers, and combination ICS-albuterol in a single inhaler is presented, along with practical considerations, evidence gaps, and implications for clinical practice for each strategy, presented by level of asthma severity and age group. Improving access to such strategies on a global scale is imperative to improve asthma outcomes and achieve equity across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Cardet
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Internal Medicine Department, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla.
| | - Alberto Papi
- Respiratory Medicine, CEMICEF, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Helen K Reddel
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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14
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Krings JG, Gerald JK, Blake KV, Krishnan JA, Reddel HK, Bacharier LB, Dixon AE, Sumino K, Gerald LB, Brownson RC, Persell SD, Clemens CJ, Hiller KM, Castro M, Martinez FD. A Call for the United States to Accelerate the Implementation of Reliever Combination Inhaled Corticosteroid-Formoterol Inhalers in Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:390-405. [PMID: 36538711 PMCID: PMC9940146 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202209-1729pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James G. Krings
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Joe K. Gerald
- Department of Community Environment and Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health
- Asthma & Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kathryn V. Blake
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Translational Research, Nemours Children’s Health, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Helen K. Reddel
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leonard B. Bacharier
- Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anne E. Dixon
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Kaharu Sumino
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Lynn B. Gerald
- Population Health Sciences Program, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ross C. Brownson
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, and
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Stephen D. Persell
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Center for Primary Care Innovation, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Katherine M. Hiller
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; and
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
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15
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Levy ML, Bacharier LB, Bateman E, Boulet LP, Brightling C, Buhl R, Brusselle G, Cruz AA, Drazen JM, Duijts L, Fleming L, Inoue H, Ko FWS, Krishnan JA, Mortimer K, Pitrez PM, Sheikh A, Yorgancıoğlu A, Reddel HK. Key recommendations for primary care from the 2022 Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) update. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2023; 33:7. [PMID: 36754956 PMCID: PMC9907191 DOI: 10.1038/s41533-023-00330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) was established in 1993 by the World Health Organization and the US National Heart Lung and Blood Institute to improve asthma awareness, prevention and management worldwide. GINA develops and publishes evidence-based, annually updated resources for clinicians. GINA guidance is adopted by national asthma guidelines in many countries, adapted to fit local healthcare systems, practices, and resource availability. GINA is independent of industry, funded by the sale and licensing of its materials. This review summarizes key practical guidance for primary care from the 2022 GINA strategy report. It provides guidance on confirming the diagnosis of asthma using spirometry or peak expiratory flow. GINA recommends that all adults, adolescents and most children with asthma should receive inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-containing therapy to reduce the risk of severe exacerbations, either taken regularly, or (for adults and adolescents with "mild" asthma) as combination ICS-formoterol taken as needed for symptom relief. For patients with moderate-severe asthma, the preferred regimen is maintenance-and-reliever therapy (MART) with ICS-formoterol. Asthma treatment is not "one size fits all"; GINA recommends individualized assessment, adjustment, and review of treatment. As many patients with difficult-to-treat or severe asthma are not referred early for specialist review, we provide updated guidance for primary care on diagnosis, further investigation, optimization and treatment of severe asthma across secondary and tertiary care. While the GINA strategy has global relevance, we recognize that there are special considerations for its adoption in low- and middle-income countries, particularly the current poor access to inhaled medications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonard B. Bacharier
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Eric Bateman
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Louis-Philippe Boulet
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Québec City, QC Canada
| | - Chris Brightling
- grid.9918.90000 0004 1936 8411Institute for Lung Health, Leicester NIHR BRC, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Roland Buhl
- grid.410607.4Pulmonary Department, Mainz University Hospital, Mainz, Germany
| | - Guy Brusselle
- grid.410566.00000 0004 0626 3303Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartments of Epidemiology and Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alvaro A. Cruz
- grid.8399.b0000 0004 0372 8259ProAR Foundation and Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia Brazil
| | - Jeffrey M. Drazen
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XBrigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDivisions of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology and Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louise Fleming
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Hiromasa Inoue
- grid.258333.c0000 0001 1167 1801Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Fanny W. S. Ko
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jerry A. Krishnan
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Breathe Chicago Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Kevin Mortimer
- grid.513149.bLiverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK ,grid.5335.00000000121885934University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Paulo M. Pitrez
- grid.415169.e0000 0001 2198 9354Hospital Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Department of Primary Care Research & Development, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Arzu Yorgancıoğlu
- grid.411688.20000 0004 0595 6052Department of Pulmonology, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Helen K. Reddel
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XThe Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
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16
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Muiser S, Imkamp K, Seigers D, Halbersma NJ, Vonk JM, Luijk BHD, Braunstahl GJ, van den Berg JW, Kroesen BJ, Kocks JWH, Heijink IH, Reddel HK, Kerstjens HAM, van den Berge M. Budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy versus fluticasone/salmeterol fixed-dose treatment in patients with COPD. Thorax 2023; 78:451-458. [PMID: 36725331 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2022-219620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintenance and reliever therapy (MART) with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/formoterol effectively reduces exacerbations in asthma. We aimed to investigate its efficacy compared with fixed-dose fluticasone/salmeterol in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS Patients with COPD and ≥1 exacerbation in the previous 2 years were randomly assigned to open-label MART (Spiromax budesonide/formoterol 160/4.5 µg 2 inhalations twice daily+1 prn) or fixed-dose therapy (Diskus fluticasone propionate/salmeterol combination (FSC) 500/50 µg 1 inhalation twice daily+salbutamol 100 µg prn) for 1 year. The primary outcome was rate of moderate/severe exacerbations, defined by treatment with oral prednisolone and/or antibiotics. RESULTS In total, 195 patients were randomised (MART Bud/Form n=103; fixed-dose FSC n=92). No significant difference was seen between MART and FSC therapy in exacerbation rates (1.32 vs 1.32 /year, respectively, rate ratio 1.05 (95% CI 0.79 to 1.39); p=0.741). No differences in lung function parameters or health status were observed. Total ICS dose was significantly lower with MART than FSC therapy (budesonide-equivalent 928 µg/day vs 1747 µg/day, respectively, p<0.05). Similar proportions of patients reported adverse events (MART Bud/Form: 73% vs fixed-dose FSC: 68%, p=0.408) and pneumonias (MART: 5% vs FSC: 1%, p=0.216). CONCLUSIONS This first study of MART in COPD found that budesonide/formoterol MART might be similarly effective to fluticasone/salmeterol fixed-dose therapy in moderate to severe patients with COPD, at a lower daily ICS dosage. Further evidence is needed about long-term safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Muiser
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands .,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kai Imkamp
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dianne Seigers
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke J Halbersma
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith M Vonk
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart H D Luijk
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Bart-Jan Kroesen
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janwillem W H Kocks
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,General Practitioners Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute Pte Ltd, Singapore
| | - Irene H Heijink
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Helen K Reddel
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Huib A M Kerstjens
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Zhou Y, Ampon MR, Abramson MJ, James AL, Maguire GP, Wood-Baker R, Johns DP, Marks GB, Reddel HK, Toelle BG. Risk factors and clinical characteristics of breathlessness in Australian adults: Data from the BOLD Australia study. Chron Respir Dis 2023; 20:14799731231221820. [PMID: 38126966 DOI: 10.1177/14799731231221820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breathlessness is a common symptom related to a significant health burden. However, the association of breathlessness with clinical characteristics, especially objective pulmonary test results is scarce. We aimed to identify the characteristics independently associated with breathlessness in Australian adults. METHOD The analysis used data from BOLD Australia, a cross-sectional study that included randomly selected adults aged ≥40 years from six sites in Australia. Clinical characteristics and spirometry results were compared for breathlessness (modified Medical Research Council [mMRC] grade ≥2). RESULTS Among all respondents (n = 3321), 252 participants (7.6%) reported breathlessness. The main univariate associations were obesity, chronic respiratory diseases, heart diseases and being Indigenous Australians (odds ratios [ORs] = 2.78, 5.20, 3.77 and 4.38, respectively). Participants with breathlessness had lower pre-and post-bronchodilator lung function than those without. Impaired spirometry results including FVC or FEV1 below 80% predicted, or FEV1/FVC < LLN were independently associated with breathlessness (adjusted ORs = 2.66, 2.94 and 2.34, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Breathlessness is common among Australian adults and is independently associated with obesity, chronic respiratory diseases, heart diseases, being Indigenous Australians, and impaired spirometry. Multi-disciplinary assessment and comprehensive investigation is needed in clinical practice to address the many factors associated with breathlessness in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Zhou
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria R Ampon
- Australian Centre for Airways Disease Monitoring, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael J Abramson
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Richard Wood-Baker
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - David P Johns
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Guy B Marks
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen K Reddel
- Australian Centre for Airways Disease Monitoring, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brett G Toelle
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
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18
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Guo YL, Ampon MR, Poulos LM, Davis SR, Toelle BG, Marks GB, Reddel HK. Contribution of obesity to breathlessness in a large nationally representative sample of Australian adults. Respirology 2022; 28:350-356. [PMID: 36336647 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Breathlessness is prevalent and associated with medical consequences. Obesity is related to breathlessness. However, the magnitude of its contribution has not been clearly documented. This investigation aimed to determine the contribution of obesity to breathlessness by estimating the population attributable fraction (PAF) in a representative sample of Australian adults. METHODS A cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of Australian residents aged ≥18 years was conducted in October 2019. Breathlessness was defined as modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea scale grade ≥2. BMI was calculated from self-reported height and weight. Adjusted relative risks (aRRs) were estimated using a generalized linear model with Poisson distribution, adjusted for age group and/or participant-reported diagnosed illnesses. Adjusted PAFs were estimated using aRR and obesity prevalence in Australian adults. RESULTS Among those who completed the National Breathlessness Survey, 9769 participants (51.4% female) were included in the analysis; 28.1% of participants were obese. The prevalence of breathlessness was 9.54%. The aRR of obesity for breathlessness was 2.04, adjusted for age. Adjusting for various co-morbid conditions, the aRR was slightly attenuated to around 1.85-1.98. The PAF, adjusted only for age, was 24.6% (95% CI 20.1-29.1) and after further adjustment for co-morbid conditions, the PAF ranged from 21.1% to 23.6%. Obesity accounted for a higher proportion of breathlessness in women than in men. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that obesity accounts for around a quarter of breathlessness symptoms in Australian adults. This has important implications for health policy in light of the global trend in increasing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Leon Guo
- Australian Centre for Airways disease Monitoring (ACAM) The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences National Taiwan University College of Public Health Taipei Taiwan
| | - Maria R. Ampon
- Australian Centre for Airways disease Monitoring (ACAM) The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Leanne M. Poulos
- Australian Centre for Airways disease Monitoring (ACAM) The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Sharon R. Davis
- Australian Centre for Airways disease Monitoring (ACAM) The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Brett G. Toelle
- Australian Centre for Airways disease Monitoring (ACAM) The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Sydney Local Health District Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Guy B. Marks
- Australian Centre for Airways disease Monitoring (ACAM) The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine UNSW Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Helen K. Reddel
- Australian Centre for Airways disease Monitoring (ACAM) The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
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19
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Reddel HK, Foxley GJ, Davis SR. How to step down asthma preventer treatment in patients with well-controlled asthma - more is not always better. Aust Prescr 2022; 45:125-129. [PMID: 36110163 PMCID: PMC9427634 DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2022.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Helen K Reddel
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0818-6239) and The University of Sydney
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney
| | - Gloria J Foxley
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0818-6239) and The University of Sydney
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney
| | - Sharon R Davis
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0818-6239) and The University of Sydney
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney
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20
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Hatter L, Houghton C, Bruce P, Holliday M, Eathorne A, Pavord I, Reddel HK, Hancox RJ, Braithwaite I, Oldfield K, Papi A, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Asthma control with ICS-formoterol reliever versus maintenance ICS and SABA reliever therapy: a post hoc analysis of two randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open Respir Res 2022; 9:9/1/e001271. [PMID: 36007980 PMCID: PMC9422833 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In randomised controlled trials, as-needed inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-formoterol reliever therapy reduces severe exacerbation risk compared with maintenance ICS plus short-acting beta2-agonist (SABA) reliever in adolescent and adult asthma, but results in slightly worse control of asthma symptoms, as measured by mean Asthma Control Questionnaire-5 (ACQ-5) score. Objective To assess the levels and changes in asthma control for as-needed budesonide–formoterol versus maintenance budesonide plus SABA in post hoc analyses from the Novel START and PRACTICAL clinical trials. Methods The number and proportion of participants at study end in each ACQ-5 category (‘well-controlled’, ‘partly controlled’ or ‘inadequately controlled’ symptoms), and in each responder category based on the minimal clinically important difference for ACQ-5 of 0.5 (improved, no change and worse) with as-needed budesonide–formoterol and maintenance budesonide plus SABA treatment were calculated. Results With last observation carried forwards, 189/214 (88.3%) and 354/434 (81.6%) of patients in the budesonide–formoterol group had ‘well-controlled’ or ‘partly controlled’ symptoms at the end of the study, vs 183/214 (85.5%) and 358/431 (83.1%) in the budesonide maintenance group, for Novel START and PRACTICAL, respectively. The proportion of patients whose symptom control was either improved or unchanged from baseline was 190/214 (88.8%) and 368/434 (84.8%) for budesonide–formoterol, vs 185/214 (86.4%) and 376/431 (87.2%) for maintenance budesonide, in Novel START and PRACTICAL respectively. Conclusions There were no clinically important differences in the proportions of patients with ‘well-controlled’ or ‘partly controlled’ asthma symptoms, or proportions who improved or maintained their level of control, with as-needed budesonide–formoterol versus maintenance budesonide plus SABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Hatter
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Claire Houghton
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Pepa Bruce
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Mark Holliday
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Allie Eathorne
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ian Pavord
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen K Reddel
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert J Hancox
- Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Irene Braithwaite
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.,General Medicine, Capital and Coast District Health Noard, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Karen Oldfield
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alberto Papi
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University di Ferrara, Ferarra, Italy
| | - Mark Weatherall
- Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Richard Beasley
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Mortimer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sundeep Santosh Salvi
- Department of Clinical Research, Pulmocare Research & Education (PURE) Foundation, Pune 412 115, Maharashtra, India,Faculty of Health and Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412 115, Maharashtra, India
| | - Helen K. Reddel
- Clinical Management Group, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe,The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,For correspondence:
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22
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Busse W, Stempel D, Aggarwal B, Boucot I, Forth R, Raphiou I, Rabe KF, Reddel HK. Insights from the AUSTRI study on reliever use before and after asthma exacerbations. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2022; 10:1916-1918.e2. [PMID: 35413473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William Busse
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Klaus F Rabe
- Lungen Clinic Grosshansdorf, Grosshansdorf, Germany; Department of Medicine, University of Kiel, German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Kiel, Germany
| | - Helen K Reddel
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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23
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Golam SM, Janson C, Beasley R, FitzGerald JM, Harrison T, Chipps B, Hughes R, Müllerová H, Olaguibel JM, Rapsomaniki E, Reddel HK, Sadatsafavi M. The burden of mild asthma: Clinical burden and healthcare resource utilisation in the NOVELTY study. Respir Med 2022; 200:106863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2022.106863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen K Reddel
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
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25
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Duijts L, Fleming LJ, Bacharier LB, Pitrez PM, Reddel HK. Reply to Baraldi and Piacentini: Global Initiative for Asthma 2021: Asthma in Preschool Children and Short-Acting β 2-Agonist-Only Treatment. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205:972-973. [PMID: 35202561 PMCID: PMC9838630 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202112-2788le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Duijts
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Louise J. Fleming
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondon, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Helen K. Reddel
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical ResearchSydney, New South Wales, Australia,The University of SydneySydney, New South Wales, Australia,Corresponding author (e-mail: )
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26
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Mortimer K, Reddel HK, Pitrez PM, Bateman ED. Asthma management in low- and middle-income countries: case for change. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:13993003.03179-2021. [PMID: 35210321 PMCID: PMC9474897 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03179-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is the most common non-communicable disease in children, and among the most common in adults. The great majority of people with asthma live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where they suffer disproportionately high asthma-related morbidity and mortality. Essential inhaled medications, particularly those containing inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), are often unavailable or unaffordable, and this explains much of the global burden of preventable asthma morbidity and mortality.Guidelines developed for LMICs are generally based on the outdated assumption that patients with asthma symptoms <1-3 times/week do not need (or benefit from) ICS. Even when ICS is prescribed, many patients manage their asthma with oral or inhaled short-acting beta2 agonist (SABA) alone, due to issues of availability and affordability. A single ICS-formoterol inhaler-based approach to asthma management for all severities of asthma, from mild to severe, starting at diagnosis, might overcome SABA overuse/over-reliance and reduce the burden of symptoms and severe exacerbations. However, ICS-formoterol inhalers are currently very poorly available or unaffordable in LMICs. There is a pressing need for pragmatic clinical trial evidence of the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of this and other strategies to improve asthma care in these countries.The global health inequality in asthma care that deprives so many children, adolescents and adults of healthy lives and puts them at increased risk of death - despite the availability of highly effective therapeutic approaches - is unacceptable. A World Health Assembly Resolution on universal access to affordable effective asthma care is needed to focus attention and investment on addressing this need.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mortimer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (2) Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - H K Reddel
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - P M Pitrez
- Pediatric Respiratory Division, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - E D Bateman
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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27
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Reddel HK, Bacharier LB, Bateman ED, Brightling CE, Brusselle GG, Buhl R, Cruz AA, Duijts L, Drazen JM, FitzGerald JM, Fleming LJ, Inoue H, Ko FW, Krishnan JA, Levy ML, Lin J, Mortimer K, Pitrez PM, Sheikh A, Yorgancioglu AA, Boulet LP. Global Initiative for Asthma Strategy 2021. Executive Summary and Rationale for Key Changes. Arch Bronconeumol 2022; 58:35-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The overall aim of this study was to examine, among individuals living with severe asthma, the role of perceived competence in achieving their goals. METHODS Qualitative research methods were used to conduct in-depth semistructured interviews. Interviews were video and/or audio recorded, transcribed and analyzed inductively and deductively, informed by the self-determination theory construct of perceived competence. Thirty-six face-to-face interviews, lasting 1.5-4 h, were conducted across Australia. RESULTS Feeling competent to achieve asthma goals played a role in participants' ability to achieve broader goals. Their desire to achieve their broader goals was strongly driven by their perceived ability to master managing their condition, which at times required more than medical strategies. Two main themes were discerned from the analysis: (1) learning how to look after yourself: self-care is important and (2) reaching an agreement with severe asthma: being at one with the illness. DISCUSSION This study highlighted the influence of perceived competence on self-management and goal achievement in severe asthma. Healthcare providers could explore patients' perceived competence to set and achieve goals, as a self-management strategy. Future research should consider these findings when developing and implementing patient-driven, self-management interventions for those living with severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Eassey
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Helen K Reddel
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kath Ryan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Lorraine Smith
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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29
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Reddel HK, O'Byrne PM, FitzGerald JM, Barnes PJ, Zheng J, Ivanov S, Lamarca R, Puu M, Alagappan VKT, Bateman ED. Reply to "As-needed budesonide-formoterol for adolescents with mild asthma: importance of lung function". J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2021; 9:4179-4180. [PMID: 34749952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen K Reddel
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Paul M O'Byrne
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph's Healthcare and Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont, Canada
| | - J Mark FitzGerald
- The Centre for Lung Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Jinping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stefan Ivanov
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Late-Stage Development, Respiratory and Immunology, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rosa Lamarca
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Late-Stage Development, Respiratory and Immunology, AstraZeneca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margareta Puu
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Late-Stage Development, Respiratory and Immunology, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vijay K T Alagappan
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Late-Stage Development, Respiratory and Immunology, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Md
| | - Eric D Bateman
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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30
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Reddel HK, Bacharier LB, Bateman ED, Brightling CE, Brusselle GG, Buhl R, Cruz AA, Duijts L, Drazen JM, FitzGerald JM, Fleming LJ, Inoue H, Ko FW, Krishnan JA, Levy ML, Lin J, Mortimer K, Pitrez PM, Sheikh A, Yorgancioglu AA, Boulet LP. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Strategy 2021 - Executive summary and rationale for key changes. Eur Respir J 2021; 59:13993003.02730-2021. [PMID: 34667060 PMCID: PMC8719459 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02730-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Strategy Report provides clinicians with an annually updated evidence-based strategy for asthma management and prevention, which can be adapted for local circumstances (e.g., medication availability). This article summarizes key recommendations from GINA 2021, and the evidence underpinning recent changes.GINA recommends that asthma in adults and adolescents should not be treated solely with short-acting beta2-agonist (SABA), because of the risks of SABA-only treatment and SABA overuse, and evidence for benefit of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Large trials show that as- needed combination ICS-formoterol reduces severe exacerbations by >60% in mild asthma compared with SABA alone, with similar exacerbation, symptom, lung function and inflammatory outcomes as daily ICS plus as-needed SABA.Key changes in GINA 2021 include division of the treatment figure for adults and adolescents into two tracks. Track 1 (preferred) has low-dose ICS-formoterol as the reliever at all steps: as-needed only in Steps 1-2 (mild asthma), and with daily maintenance ICS-formoterol (maintenance-and-reliever therapy, MART) in Steps 3-5. Track 2 (alternative) has as-needed SABA across all steps, plus regular ICS (Step 2) or ICS-long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA) (Steps 3-5). For adults with moderate-to-severe asthma, GINA makes additional recommendations in Step 5 for add-on long-acting muscarinic antagonists and azithromycin, with add-on biologic therapies for severe asthma. For children 6-11 years, new treatment options are added at Steps 3-4.Across all age-groups and levels of severity, regular personalized assessment, treatment of modifiable risk factors, self-management education, skills training, appropriate medication adjustment and review remain essential to optimize asthma outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen K Reddel
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Leonard B Bacharier
- Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric D Bateman
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Guy G Brusselle
- Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium and Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roland Buhl
- Pulmonary Department, Mainz University Hospital, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Liesbeth Duijts
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M Drazen
- Brigham and Woman's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Fanny W Ko
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- Breathe Chicago Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jiangtao Lin
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Reddel HK, Bacharier LB, Bateman ED, Brightling CE, Brusselle GG, Buhl R, Cruz AA, Duijts L, Drazen JM, FitzGerald JM, Fleming LJ, Inoue H, Ko FW, Krishnan JA, Levy ML, Lin J, Mortimer K, Pitrez PM, Sheikh A, Yorgancioglu AA, Boulet LP. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Strategy 2021 - Executive summary and rationale for key changes. Respirology 2021; 27:14-35. [PMID: 34668278 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Strategy Report provides clinicians with an annually updated evidence-based strategy for asthma management and prevention, which can be adapted for local circumstances (e.g., medication availability). This article summarizes key recommendations from GINA 2021, and the evidence underpinning recent changes. GINA recommends that asthma in adults and adolescents should not be treated solely with short-acting beta2-agonist (SABA), because of the risks of SABA-only treatment and SABA overuse, and evidence for benefit of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Large trials show that as- needed combination ICS-formoterol reduces severe exacerbations by ≥60% in mild asthma compared with SABA alone, with similar exacerbation, symptom, lung function and inflammatory outcomes as daily ICS plus as-needed SABA. Key changes in GINA 2021 include division of the treatment figure for adults and adolescents into two tracks. Track 1 (preferred) has low-dose ICS-formoterol as the reliever at all steps: as-needed only in Steps 1-2 (mild asthma), and with daily maintenance ICS-formoterol (maintenance-and-reliever therapy, MART) in Steps 3-5. Track 2 (alternative) has as-needed SABA across all steps, plus regular ICS (Step 2) or ICS-long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA) (Steps 3-5). For adults with moderate-to-severe asthma, GINA makes additional recommendations in Step 5 for add-on long-acting muscarinic antagonists and azithromycin, with add-on biologic therapies for severe asthma. For children 6-11 years, new treatment options are added at Steps 3-4. Across all age-groups and levels of severity, regular personalized assessment, treatment of modifiable risk factors, self-management education, skills training, appropriate medication adjustment and review remain essential to optimize asthma outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen K Reddel
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leonard B Bacharier
- Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric D Bateman
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Guy G Brusselle
- Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium and Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roland Buhl
- Pulmonary Department, Mainz University Hospital, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Liesbeth Duijts
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M Drazen
- Brigham and Woman's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Fanny W Ko
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- Breathe Chicago Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jiangtao Lin
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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32
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Reddel HK, Bacharier LB, Bateman ED, Brightling CE, Brusselle GG, Buhl R, Cruz AA, Duijts L, Drazen JM, FitzGerald JM, Fleming LJ, Inoue H, Ko FW, Krishnan JA, Levy ML, Lin J, Mortimer K, Pitrez PM, Sheikh A, Yorgancioglu AA, Boulet LP. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Strategy 2021 - Executive Summary and Rationale for Key Changes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 205:17-35. [PMID: 34658302 PMCID: PMC8865583 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202109-2205pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Strategy Report provides clinicians with an annually updated evidence-based strategy for asthma management and prevention, which can be adapted for local circumstances (e.g., medication availability). This article summarizes key recommendations from GINA 2021, and the evidence underpinning recent changes. GINA recommends that asthma in adults and adolescents should not be treated solely with short-acting beta2-agonist (SABA), because of the risks of SABA-only treatment and SABA overuse, and evidence for benefit of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Large trials show that as-needed combination ICS-formoterol reduces severe exacerbations by ≥60% in mild asthma compared with SABA alone, with similar exacerbation, symptom, lung function and inflammatory outcomes as daily ICS plus as-needed SABA. Key changes in GINA 2021 include division of the treatment figure for adults/adolescents into two tracks. Track 1 (preferred) has low-dose ICS-formoterol as the reliever at all steps: as-needed only in Steps 1-2 (mild asthma), and with daily maintenance ICS formoterol (maintenance-and-reliever therapy, MART) in Steps 3-5. Track 2 (alternative) has as-needed SABA across all steps, plus regular ICS (Step 2) or ICS-long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA) (Steps 3-5). For adults with moderate-to-severe asthma, GINA makes additional recommendations in Step 5 for add-on long-acting muscarinic antagonists and azithromycin, with add-on biologic therapies for severe asthma. For children 6-11 years, new treatment options are added at Steps 3-4. Across all age-groups and levels of severity, regular personalized assessment, treatment of modifiable risk factors, self-management education, skills training, appropriate medication adjustment and review remain essential to optimize asthma outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen K Reddel
- The University of Sydney, 4334, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research,, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Leonard B Bacharier
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 12328, Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital , Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Eric D Bateman
- University of Cape Town Department of Medicine, 71984, Observatory, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Christopher E Brightling
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, 573772, Leicester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- University Hospital Ghent, 60200, Ghent, Belgium and Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Belgium
| | - Roland Buhl
- Mainz University Hospital, Pulmonary Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alvaro A Cruz
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, 28111, ProAR-Center of Excellence in Asthma, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- Erasmus MC, 6993, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M Drazen
- Brigham and Woman's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - J Mark FitzGerald
- The University of British Columbia, 8166, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Louise J Fleming
- Imperial College London, 4615, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | | | - Fanny W Ko
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 26451, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- University of Illinois at Chicago, 14681, Breathe Chicago Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Mark L Levy
- Locum GP, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jiangtao Lin
- Peking University, 12465, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kevin Mortimer
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, 9655, Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Paulo M Pitrez
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, 156417, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- The University of Edinburgh, 3124, Usher Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Reddel HK, Bateman ED, Schatz M, Krishnan JA, Cloutier MM. A Practical Guide to Implementing SMART in asthma management. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2021; 10:S31-S38. [PMID: 34666208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of a single inhaler containing the combination of an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and formoterol, a specific long-acting bronchodilator, for both maintenance and quick relief therapy (single maintenance and reliever therapy [SMART or MART]) is recommended by both the Global Initiative for Asthma and the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Coordinating Committee in steps 3 and 4 of asthma management. This article provides practical advice about implementing SMART in clinical practice based on evidence and clinical experience. Fundamental to SMART is that ICS-formoterol provides quick relief of asthma symptoms similar to that of short-acting β2-agonists such as albuterol, while reducing the risk for severe asthma exacerbations and at an overall lower ICS exposure. Most SMART clinical trials were in adults and adolescents (aged ≥12 years), using budesonide-formoterol 160/4.5 μg (delivered dose), one inhalation once or twice daily (step 3) and two inhalations twice daily (step 4). For both steps 3 and 4, patients take additional inhalations of budesonide-formoterol 160/4.5 μg, one inhalation whenever needed for symptom relief, up to a maximum for adults and adolescents of 12 total inhalations in any single day (delivering 54 μg formoterol). The efficacy and safety of SMART with budesonide-formoterol and beclometasone-formoterol have been confirmed, but other ICS-long-acting bronchodilator combinations have not been studied. The SMART regimen should be introduced with a careful explanation of its role in self-management, preferably with a customized written asthma action plan. The cost to patients and the availability of SMART treatment will depend on the prescribed dose and national or local payer agreements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen K Reddel
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Eric D Bateman
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael Schatz
- Department of Allergy, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, San Diego, Calif
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- Breathe Chicago Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Ill
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Ding B, Chen S, Agrawal A, Srivastava D, Solorzano J, Cook B, Papi A, Reddel HK. Distribution of biomarkers in severe asthma and severe uncontrolled asthma. Epidemiology 2021. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.oa4214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Reddel HK, Vestbo J, Agustí A, Anderson GP, Bansal AT, Beasley R, Bel EH, Janson C, Make B, Pavord ID, Price D, Rapsomaniki E, Karlsson N, Finch DK, Nuevo J, de Giorgio-Miller A, Alacqua M, Hughes R, Müllerová H, Gerhardsson de Verdier M. Heterogeneity within and between physician-diagnosed asthma and/or COPD: NOVELTY cohort. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:2003927. [PMID: 33632799 PMCID: PMC8459130 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03927-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) typically focus on these diagnoses separately, limiting understanding of disease mechanisms and treatment options. NOVELTY is a global, 3-year, prospective observational study of patients with asthma and/or COPD from real-world clinical practice. We investigated heterogeneity and overlap by diagnosis and severity in this cohort. METHODS Patients with physician-assigned asthma, COPD or both (asthma+COPD) were enrolled, and stratified by diagnosis and severity. Baseline characteristics were reported descriptively by physician-assigned diagnosis and/or severity. Factors associated with physician-assessed severity were evaluated using ordinal logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Of 11 243 patients, 5940 (52.8%) had physician-assigned asthma, 1396 (12.4%) had asthma+COPD and 3907 (34.8%) had COPD; almost half were from primary care. Symptoms, health-related quality of life and spirometry showed substantial heterogeneity and overlap between asthma, asthma+COPD and COPD, with 23%, 62% and 64% of patients, respectively, having a ratio of post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity below the lower limit of normal. Symptoms and exacerbations increased with greater physician-assessed severity and were higher in asthma+COPD. However, 24.3% with mild asthma and 20.4% with mild COPD had experienced ≥1 exacerbation in the past 12 months. Medication records suggested both under-treatment and over-treatment relative to severity. Blood eosinophil counts varied little across diagnosis and severity groups, but blood neutrophil counts increased with severity across all diagnoses. CONCLUSION This analysis demonstrates marked heterogeneity within, and overlap between, physician-assigned diagnosis and severity groups in patients with asthma and/or COPD. Current diagnostic and severity classifications in clinical practice poorly differentiate between clinical phenotypes that may have specific risks and treatment implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen K Reddel
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jørgen Vestbo
- University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Alvar Agustí
- Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gary P Anderson
- Lung Health Research Centre, Dept of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Richard Beasley
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Elisabeth H Bel
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christer Janson
- Dept of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Barry Make
- National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Ian D Pavord
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and Oxford Respiratory NIHR BRC, Nuffield Dept of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Price
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore
- Centre of Academic Primary Care, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Niklas Karlsson
- Patient Centered Science, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Donna K Finch
- Early Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Javier Nuevo
- Medical Dept, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marianna Alacqua
- Respiratory and Immunology, Medical and Payer Evidence Strategy, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rod Hughes
- External Scientific Engagement, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hana Müllerová
- Respiratory and Immunology, Medical and Payer Evidence Strategy, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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Maltby S, McDonald VM, Upham JW, Bowler SD, Chung LP, Denton EJ, Fingleton J, Garrett J, Grainge CL, Hew M, James AL, Jenkins C, Katsoulotos G, King GG, Langton D, Marks GB, Menzies-Gow A, Niven RM, Peters M, Reddel HK, Thien F, Thomas PS, Wark PAB, Yap E, Gibson PG. Severe asthma assessment, management and the organisation of care in Australia and New Zealand: expert forum roundtable meetings. Intern Med J 2021; 51:169-180. [PMID: 32104958 DOI: 10.1111/imj.14806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Severe asthma imposes a significant burden on individuals, families and the healthcare system. Treatment is complex, due to disease heterogeneity, comorbidities and complexity in care pathways. New approaches and treatments improve health outcomes for people with severe asthma. However, emerging multidimensional and targeted treatment strategies require a reorganisation of asthma care. Consensus is required on how reorganisation should occur and what areas require further research. The Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma convened three forums between 2015 and 2018, hosting experts from Australia, New Zealand and the UK. The forums were complemented by a survey of clinicians involved in the management of people with severe asthma. We sought to: (i) identify areas of consensus among experts; (ii) define activities and resources required for the implementation of findings into practice; and (iii) identify specific priority areas for future research. Discussions identified areas of unmet need including assessment and diagnosis of severe asthma, models of care and treatment pathways, add-on treatment approaches and patient perspectives. We recommend development of education and training activities, clinical resources and standards of care documents, increased stakeholder engagement and public awareness campaigns and improved access to infrastructure and funding. Further, we propose specific future research to inform clinical decision-making and develop novel therapies. A concerted effort is required from all stakeholders (including patients, healthcare professionals and organisations and government) to integrate new evidence-based practices into clinical care and to advance research to resolve questions relevant to improving outcomes for people with severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Maltby
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, Newcastle, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Vanessa M McDonald
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, Newcastle, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - John W Upham
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, Newcastle, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon D Bowler
- Immunity, Infection, and Inflammation Program, Mater Medical Research Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Li P Chung
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eve J Denton
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital and Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Fingleton
- Capital and Coast District Health Board and Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Christopher L Grainge
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Mark Hew
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital and Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan L James
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, Newcastle, Australia.,Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Australia and School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christine Jenkins
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Concord Hospital, Concord Clinical School and Respiratory Discipline, University of Sydney, Concord, New South Wales, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia.,UNSW, Sydney, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Gregory G King
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, Newcastle, Australia.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Langton
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Guy B Marks
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, Newcastle, Australia.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, UNSW, Australia
| | | | - Robert M Niven
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre and North West Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew Peters
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen K Reddel
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, Newcastle, Australia.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Francis Thien
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, Newcastle, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Eastern Health and Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul S Thomas
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, Newcastle, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Elaine Yap
- Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter G Gibson
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, Newcastle, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
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Poulos LM, Ampon RD, Currow DC, Marks GB, Toelle BG, Reddel HK. Prevalence and burden of breathlessness in Australian adults: The National Breathlessness Survey-a cross-sectional web-based population survey. Respirology 2021; 26:768-775. [PMID: 33971059 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Chronic respiratory symptoms (in particular, breathlessness and cough) can cause physical, social and emotional distress, and may indicate the presence of an underlying disease that presages future poor health outcomes. Our aim was to investigate the burden of breathlessness in Australian adults, including breathlessness that may be undiagnosed, unlabelled or untreated. METHODS The National Breathlessness Survey was a cross-sectional, web-based survey conducted in October 2019. Australian adults were randomly selected from a large web-based survey panel with recruitment stratified by age-group, gender and state of residence according to national population data. The main outcome measures were modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea scale, EuroQol visual analog scale, Dyspnoea-12 score and 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4). RESULTS Among all respondents (n = 10,072; 51.1% female; median age group 40-49 years), 9.5% reported clinically important breathlessness (mMRC dyspnoea grade ≥ 2, 2 = 'I walk slower than people of the same age on the level because of breathlessness or have to stop for breath when walking at my own pace on the level'). Among those with clinically important breathlessness, 49.1% rated their general health as fair or poor and 44.2% had at least moderate depression or anxiety symptoms (PHQ ≥ 6) but over half (50.8%) did not report a current respiratory or heart condition diagnosis. CONCLUSION Breathlessness is common among Australian adults, and is associated with a substantial burden of ill health, including among people without a diagnosed respiratory or heart condition. The extent of underdiagnosis of these conditions or alternative causes of breathlessness requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne M Poulos
- Australian Centre for Airways disease Monitoring (ACAM), the Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rosario D Ampon
- Australian Centre for Airways disease Monitoring (ACAM), the Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David C Currow
- IMPACCT, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guy B Marks
- Australian Centre for Airways disease Monitoring (ACAM), the Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brett G Toelle
- Australian Centre for Airways disease Monitoring (ACAM), the Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen K Reddel
- Australian Centre for Airways disease Monitoring (ACAM), the Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Reddel HK, O'Byrne PM, FitzGerald JM, Barnes PJ, Zheng J, Ivanov S, Lamarca R, Puu M, Alagappan VKT, Bateman ED. Efficacy and Safety of As-Needed Budesonide-Formoterol in Adolescents with Mild Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2021; 9:3069-3077.e6. [PMID: 33895362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medication adherence is challenging for adolescents. In mild asthma, as-needed budesonide-formoterol (BUD-FORM) reduces severe exacerbations compared with as-needed short-acting beta2-agonists, similar to the reduction with maintenance budesonide. OBJECTIVE This post hoc pooled analysis of Symbicort Given as-needed in Mild Asthma (SYGMA) 1 and 2 assessed the efficacy and safety of as-needed BUD-FORM in adolescents. METHODS SYGMA 1 and 2 were 52-week, double-blind studies (NCT022149199; NCT02224157) in patients 12 years or older with mild asthma. Patients were randomized to twice-daily placebo + as-needed BUD-FORM 200/6 μg, twice-daily BUD 200 μg + as-needed terbutaline (BUD maintenance), or twice-daily placebo + as-needed terbutaline 0.5 mg (SYGMA 1 only). Annualized severe exacerbation rates, maintenance treatment adherence, and safety (including change in height) were compared between treatment groups in adolescents (aged ≥12 to <18 years). RESULTS Severe exacerbation rate was similar with as-needed BUD-FORM and BUD maintenance (pooled analysis: 0.08 vs 0.07/y; P = .634), and was significantly lower with as-needed BUD-FORM versus as-needed terbutaline (SYGMA 1: 0.04 vs 0.17/y; P = .005). Median adherence was 73% in SYGMA 1 and 51% in SYGMA 2. Change in height from baseline in adolescents aged ≥12 years to <14 years was significantly greater with as-needed BUD-FORM (4.8 cm) versus BUD maintenance (3.9 cm) (pooled: P < .046), and was similar between as-needed BUD-FORM (4.5 cm) and as-needed terbutaline (4.1 cm) (SYGMA 1: P = .500). No new or unexpected safety concerns were identified. CONCLUSIONS In adolescents with mild asthma, as-needed BUD-FORM was superior to as-needed terbutaline for severe exacerbation reduction, with similar efficacy to BUD maintenance. As-needed BUD-FORM provides an alternative treatment option for adolescents with mild asthma, without needing daily treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen K Reddel
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Paul M O'Byrne
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare and Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Mark FitzGerald
- The Centre for Lung Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jinping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric D Bateman
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Abstract
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) have been recommended as a maintenance treatment, either alone or together with long-acting inhaled β2-agonists, for all asthma patients. Short-acting β2-agonists (SABAs) are rapid-onset bronchodilators, which provide symptom relief, but have no anti-inflammatory properties, yet are the most widely used as-needed reliever treatment for asthma and often the only treatment prescribed. Asthma patients can find adhering to daily preventative medication with ICS difficult and will often revert to using as-needed SABA as their only treatment, increasing their risk of exacerbations. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of reliever medications that contain ICS compared with SABA as reliever, or with maintenance ICS and SABA as reliever, in mild asthma patients.Nine studies were identified that have evaluated the use of ICS as a component of an as-needed reliever in patients with mild asthma. Four of the most recent studies compared the combination of ICS/formoterol to SABA as reliever.ICS-containing reliever medication was superior to SABA as reliever alone, and was equivalent to maintenance ICS and SABA as reliever, particularly in reducing risks of severe asthma exacerbations, in studies which compared these reliever options.SABAs should not be used as a reliever without ICS. The concern about patients with mild asthma not being adherent to maintenance ICS supports a recommendation that ICS/formoterol should be considered as a treatment option instead of maintenance ICS, to avoid the risk of patients reverting to SABA alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M O'Byrne
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Hospital and Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Helen K Reddel
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard Beasley
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.,Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
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Meghji J, Mortimer K, Agusti A, Allwood BW, Asher I, Bateman ED, Bissell K, Bolton CE, Bush A, Celli B, Chiang CY, Cruz AA, Dinh-Xuan AT, El Sony A, Fong KM, Fujiwara PI, Gaga M, Garcia-Marcos L, Halpin DMG, Hurst JR, Jayasooriya S, Kumar A, Lopez-Varela MV, Masekela R, Mbatchou Ngahane BH, Montes de Oca M, Pearce N, Reddel HK, Salvi S, Singh SJ, Varghese C, Vogelmeier CF, Walker P, Zar HJ, Marks GB. Improving lung health in low-income and middle-income countries: from challenges to solutions. Lancet 2021; 397:928-940. [PMID: 33631128 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear a disproportionately high burden of the global morbidity and mortality caused by chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, and post-tuberculosis lung disease. CRDs are strongly associated with poverty, infectious diseases, and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and contribute to complex multi-morbidity, with major consequences for the lives and livelihoods of those affected. The relevance of CRDs to health and socioeconomic wellbeing is expected to increase in the decades ahead, as life expectancies rise and the competing risks of early childhood mortality and infectious diseases plateau. As such, the World Health Organization has identified the prevention and control of NCDs as an urgent development issue and essential to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. In this Review, we focus on CRDs in LMICs. We discuss the early life origins of CRDs; challenges in their prevention, diagnosis, and management in LMICs; and pathways to solutions to achieve true universal health coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamilah Meghji
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kevin Mortimer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), Fontana, WI, USA; Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), Fontana, WI, USA; British Thoracic Society Global Health Group, London, UK; Global Asthma Network (GAN), Auckland, New Zealand; Pan African Thoracic Society, Durban, South Africa; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France.
| | - Alvar Agusti
- Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), Fontana, WI, USA; British Thoracic Society Global Health Group, London, UK; Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brian W Allwood
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Innes Asher
- Global Asthma Network (GAN), Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eric D Bateman
- Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), Fontana, WI, USA; Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karen Bissell
- Global Asthma Network (GAN), Auckland, New Zealand; School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charlotte E Bolton
- British Thoracic Society Global Health Group, London, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham UK
| | - Andrew Bush
- British Thoracic Society Global Health Group, London, UK; Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Bartolome Celli
- Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), Fontana, WI, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chen-Yuan Chiang
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alvaro A Cruz
- Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), Fontana, WI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Anh-Tuan Dinh-Xuan
- Cochin Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, France; European Respiratory Society, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Asma El Sony
- Global Asthma Network (GAN), Auckland, New Zealand; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France; Epidemiological Laboratory (EPI Lab) for Public Health and Research, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Kwun M Fong
- The University of Queensland Thoracic Research Centre and The Prince Charles Hospital, Queensland, QLD, Australia; Asian Pacific Society of Respirology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paula I Fujiwara
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Mina Gaga
- Athens Chest Hospital Sotiria, Athens, Greece; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luis Garcia-Marcos
- Global Asthma Network (GAN), Auckland, New Zealand; Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Units, Arrixaca Children's University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; BioHealth Research Institute of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; ARADyAL network, Madrid, Spain
| | - David M G Halpin
- Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), Fontana, WI, USA; University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - John R Hurst
- British Thoracic Society Global Health Group, London, UK; UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shamanthi Jayasooriya
- British Thoracic Society Global Health Group, London, UK; Academic Unit of Primary Care, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ajay Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Maria V Lopez-Varela
- Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), Fontana, WI, USA; Pulmonary Department, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Refiloe Masekela
- Pan African Thoracic Society, Durban, South Africa; College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Bertrand H Mbatchou Ngahane
- Pan African Thoracic Society, Durban, South Africa; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France; Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Maria Montes de Oca
- Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), Fontana, WI, USA; Pulmonary Department, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Neil Pearce
- Global Asthma Network (GAN), Auckland, New Zealand; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Helen K Reddel
- Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), Fontana, WI, USA; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sundeep Salvi
- Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), Fontana, WI, USA; Pulmocare Research and Education Foundation, Pune, India
| | - Sally J Singh
- British Thoracic Society Global Health Group, London, UK; Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Cherian Varghese
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, Disability, Violence and Injury Prevention, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claus F Vogelmeier
- Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD), Fontana, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Paul Walker
- British Thoracic Society Global Health Group, London, UK; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liverpool Teaching Hospitals, Liverpool, UK
| | - Heather J Zar
- Pan African Thoracic Society, Durban, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Red Cross Childrens Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; SA-MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Guy B Marks
- Global Asthma Network (GAN), Auckland, New Zealand; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Paris, France; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; UNSW Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Kaplan A, Cao H, FitzGerald JM, Iannotti N, Yang E, Kocks JWH, Kostikas K, Price D, Reddel HK, Tsiligianni I, Vogelmeier CF, Pfister P, Mastoridis P. Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning in Respiratory Medicine and Potential Role in Asthma and COPD Diagnosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2021; 9:2255-2261. [PMID: 33618053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, a subset of AI, are increasingly used in medicine. AI excels at performing well-defined tasks, such as image recognition; for example, classifying skin biopsy lesions, determining diabetic retinopathy severity, and detecting brain tumors. This article provides an overview of the use of AI in medicine and particularly in respiratory medicine, where it is used to evaluate lung cancer images, diagnose fibrotic lung disease, and more recently is being developed to aid the interpretation of pulmonary function tests and the diagnosis of a range of obstructive and restrictive lung diseases. The development and validation of AI algorithms requires large volumes of well-structured data, and the algorithms must work with variable levels of data quality. It is important that clinicians understand how AI can function in the context of heterogeneous conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease where diagnostic criteria overlap, how AI use fits into everyday clinical practice, and how issues of patient safety should be addressed. AI has a clear role in providing support for doctors in the clinical workplace, but its relatively recent introduction means that confidence in its use still has to be fully established. Overall, AI is expected to play a key role in aiding clinicians in the diagnosis and management of respiratory diseases in the future, and it will be exciting to see the benefits that arise for patients and doctors from its use in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Kaplan
- Family Physician Airways Group of Canada, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Hui Cao
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ
| | - J Mark FitzGerald
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nick Iannotti
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Eric Yang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Janwillem W H Kocks
- General Practitioners Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands; Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Konstantinos Kostikas
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - David Price
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Centre of Academic Primary Care, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Helen K Reddel
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ioanna Tsiligianni
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Claus F Vogelmeier
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
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Papi A, Braithwaite I, Ebmeier S, Hancox RJ, Harrison T, Holliday M, Houghton C, Morandi L, Oldfield K, Pavord ID, Reddel HK, Williams M, Weatherall M, Beasley R. Budesonide-formoterol reliever therapy in intermittent versus mild persistent asthma. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.03064-2020. [PMID: 33060151 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03064-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Papi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Dept of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Stefan Ebmeier
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Robert J Hancox
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Dept of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tim Harrison
- Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark Holliday
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Claire Houghton
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Luca Morandi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Dept of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Karen Oldfield
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ian D Pavord
- Oxford Respiratory NIHR BRC, Nuffield Dept of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen K Reddel
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mathew Williams
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Richard Beasley
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.,Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
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43
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Reddel HK. Reply: About the recommendation of the GINA strategy report on asthma step 1. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:57/2/2004226. [PMID: 33541939 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.04226-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen K Reddel
- Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Science Committee, and Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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44
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Karlsson N, Atkinson MJ, Müllerová H, Alacqua M, Keen C, Hughes R, Janson C, Make B, Price D, Reddel HK. Validation of a diagnosis-agnostic symptom questionnaire for asthma and/or COPD. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00828-2020. [PMID: 33569501 PMCID: PMC7861031 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00828-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Respiratory Symptoms Questionnaire (RSQ) is a novel, four-item patient-reported diagnosis-agnostic tool designed to assess the frequency of respiratory symptoms and their impact on activity, without specifying a particular diagnosis. Our objective was to examine its validity in patients with asthma and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Baseline data were randomly sampled from patients who completed the RSQ in the NOVELTY study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02760329). The total sample (n=1530) comprised three randomly selected samples (n=510 each) from each physician-assigned diagnostic group (asthma, asthma+COPD and COPD). The internal consistency and structural validity of the RSQ were evaluated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses; psychometric performance was observed using Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory analyses. Results For the total sample, the mean±sd RSQ score was 5.6±4.3 (range 0–16). Irrespective of diagnosis, the internal consistency of items was uniformly adequate (Cronbach's α=0.76–0.80). All items had high factor loadings and structural characteristics of the measure were invariant across groups. Using the total sample, RSQ items informatively covered the θ score range of –2.0 to 2.8, with discrimination coefficients for individual items being high to very high (1.7–2.6). Strong convergent correlations were observed between the RSQ and the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (0.77, p<0.001). Conclusions The RSQ is a valid, brief, patient-reported tool for assessing respiratory symptoms in patients across the whole spectrum of asthma and/or COPD, rather than using different questionnaires for each diagnosis. It can be used for monitoring respiratory symptoms in clinical practice, clinical trials and real-world studies. The Respiratory Symptoms Questionnaire is a new, short, diagnosis-agnostic measure of respiratory symptoms. Validation in the NOVELTY study indicates that it is suitable for assessing respiratory symptoms in patients with asthma and/or COPD.https://bit.ly/36Nw7eU
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rod Hughes
- BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christer Janson
- Dept of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Barry Make
- National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - David Price
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre of Academic Primary Care, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Helen K Reddel
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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45
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Reddel HK. Updated Australian guidelines for mild asthma: what's changed and why? Aust Prescr 2020; 43:220-224. [PMID: 33363311 PMCID: PMC7738702 DOI: 10.18773/austprescr.2020.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Australian asthma guidelines have recently been updated and include additional treatment options for adults and adolescents with mild asthma Mild asthma is not necessarily a benign condition and patients are still at risk of severe flare-ups, particularly if they overuse short-acting beta2 agonists such as a salbutamol inhaler For adults and adolescents with mild asthma, the updated guidelines include as-needed inhaled low-dose budesonide–formoterol as an alternative to daily low-dose inhaled corticosteroid plus as-needed short-acting beta2 agonist The budesonide–formoterol combination should be taken as needed to provide symptom relief and reduce the risk of severe exacerbations
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46
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O'Byrne PM, FitzGerald JM, Bateman ED, Barnes PJ, Zheng J, Gustafson P, Lamarca R, Puu M, Keen C, Alagappan VKT, Reddel HK. Effect of a single day of increased as-needed budesonide-formoterol use on short-term risk of severe exacerbations in patients with mild asthma: a post-hoc analysis of the SYGMA 1 study. Lancet Respir Med 2020; 9:149-158. [PMID: 33010810 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In mild asthma, as-needed budesonide-formoterol reduces long-term exacerbation risk compared with as-needed short-acting β2-agonist (SABA), with a similar or increased reduction versus maintenance with budesonide plus as-needed SABA, despite a lower budesonide dose. In this post-hoc analysis of the SYmbicort Given as needed in Mild Asthma (SYGMA) 1 study, we investigated the short-term risk of severe exacerbations after a single day with various levels of reliever use. METHODS SYGMA 1 was a 52-week, double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, in which patients aged 12 years or older with mild asthma were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to placebo twice daily plus as-needed terbutaline 0·5 mg, placebo twice daily plus as-needed budesonide-formoterol 200-6 μg, or budesonide 200 μg twice daily plus as-needed terbutaline (ie, budesonide maintenance group). In this post-hoc analysis, we assessed the frequency of reliever use and the risk of a severe exacerbation in the 21 days after first use of more than two, four, six, or eight reliever inhalations in 24 h. SYGMA 1 is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02149199, and is now complete. FINDINGS Of 5721 patients enrolled in SYGMA 1, 3849 were randomly assigned to as-needed terbutaline (n=1280), as-needed budesonide-formoterol (n=1279), or budesonide maintenance (n=1290), of whom 3836 had evaluable data (n=1277 as-needed terbutaline, n=1277 as needed budesonide-formoterol, and n=1282 budesonide maintenance). Median reliever use was 0·32 (IQR 0·08-0·91) inhalations per day for the as-needed terbutaline group, 0·29 (0·07-0·72) for the as-needed budesonide-formoterol group, and 0·16 (0·04-0·52) for the budesonide maintenance group. Compared with as-needed terbutaline, after adjustment for age, sex, randomly assigned treatment, pre-study treatment group, baseline % predicted post-bronchodilator FEV1, and severe exacerbation in the 12 months before enrolment in the study, the hazard ratio (HR) for severe exacerbation in the 21 days after a single day with more than two as-needed inhalations was 0·27 (95% CI 0·12-0·58; p=0·0008) with as-needed budesonide-formoterol and 0·39 (0·19-0·79; p=0·0091) with budesonide maintenance; after a single day of more than four as-needed inhalations the HR was 0·24 (0·10-0·62; p=0·0030) with as-needed budesonide-formoterol and 0·30 (0·13-0·72; p=0·0065) with budesonide maintenance; and after a single day of more than six as-needed inhalations the HR was 0·14 (0·02-1·06; p=0·057) with as-needed budesonide-formoterol and 0·43 (0·14-1·26; p=0·12) with budesonide maintenance. HRs were not calculated for more than eight as-needed inhalations due to the small number of events. INTERPRETATION In mild asthma, as-needed budesonide-formoterol reduces the short-term risk of severe exacerbations after a single day of higher use (more than two as-needed inhalations), even when overall use is infrequent. Use of an anti-inflammatory reliever might reduce the risk of short-term severe exacerbations by the timely provision of increased doses of as-needed inhaled corticosteroids and formoterol when symptoms occur. These findings should be further assessed in prospective randomised clinical trials. FUNDING AstraZeneca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M O'Byrne
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare and Department of Medicine, Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - J Mark FitzGerald
- Centre for Lung Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eric D Bateman
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jinping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Helen K Reddel
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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47
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Tudball J, Reddel HK, Laba TL, Jan S, Flynn A, Goldman M, Lembke K, Roughead E, Marks GB, Zwar N. General practitioners' views on the influence of cost on the prescribing of asthma preventer medicines: a qualitative study. AUST HEALTH REV 2020; 43:246-253. [PMID: 29754592 DOI: 10.1071/ah17030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective Out-of-pocket costs strongly affect patient adherence with medicines. For asthma, guidelines recommend that most patients should be prescribed regular low-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) alone, but in Australia most are prescribed combination ICS-long-acting β2-agonists (LABA), which cost more to patients and government. The present qualitative study among general practitioners (GPs) explored the acceptability, and likely effect on prescribing, of lower patient copayments for ICS alone. Methods Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with 15 GPs from the greater Sydney area; the interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed. Results GPs reported that their main criteria for selecting medicines were appropriateness and effectiveness. They did not usually discuss costs with patients, had low awareness of out-of-pocket costs and considered that these were seldom prohibitive for asthma patients. GPs strongly believed that patient care should not be compromised to reduce cost to government. They favoured ICS-LABA combinations over ICS alone because they perceived that ICS-LABA combinations enhanced adherence and reduced costs for patients. GPs did not consider that lower patient copayments for ICS alone would affect their prescribing. Conclusion The results suggest that financial incentives, such as lower patient copayments, would be unlikely to encourage GPs to preferentially prescribe ICS alone, unless accompanied by other strategies, including evidence for clinical effectiveness. GPs should be encouraged to discuss cost barriers to treatment with patients when considering treatment choices. What is known about the topic? Australian guidelines recommend that most patients with asthma should be treated with low-dose ICS alone to minimise symptom burden and risk of flare ups. However, most patients in Australian general practice are instead prescribed combination ICS-LABA preventers, which are indicated if asthma remains uncontrolled despite treatment with ICS alone. It is not known whether GPs are aware that the combination preventers have a higher patient copayment and a higher cost to government. What does this paper add? This qualitative study found that GPs favoured combination ICS-LABA inhalers over ICS alone because they perceived ICS-LABA combinations to have greater effectiveness and promote patient adherence. This aligned with GPs' views that their primary responsibility was patient care rather than generating cost savings for government. However, it emerged that GPs rarely discussed medicine costs with patients, had low knowledge of medicine costs to patients and the health system and reported that patients rarely volunteered cost concerns. GPs believed that lower patient copayments for asthma preventer medicines would have little effect on their prescribing practices. What are the implications for practitioners? This study suggests that, when considering asthma treatment choices, GPs should empathically explore with the patient whether cost-related medication underuse is an issue, and should be aware of the option of lower out-of-pocket costs with guideline-recommended ICS alone treatment. Policy makers must be aware that differential patient copayments for ICS preventer medicines are unlikely to act as an incentive for GPs to preferentially prescribe ICS alone preventers, unless the position of these preventers in guidelines and evidence for their clinical effectiveness are also reiterated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen K Reddel
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, 431 Glebe Point Rd, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia. Email
| | - Tracey-Lea Laba
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Level 5, 1 King Street, Newtown NSW 2042, Australia.
| | - Stephen Jan
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Level 5, 1 King Street, Newtown NSW 2042, Australia.
| | - Anthony Flynn
- Asthma Australia Ltd, Level 13, 799 Pacific Hwy, Chatswood NSW 2067, Australia.
| | - Michele Goldman
- Asthma Australia Ltd, Level 13, 799 Pacific Hwy, Chatswood NSW 2067, Australia.
| | - Kirsty Lembke
- NPS MedicineWise, PO Box 1147 Strawberry Hills NSW 2012. Email
| | - Elizabeth Roughead
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, CEA-19, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Email
| | - Guy B Marks
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, 431 Glebe Point Rd, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia. Email
| | - Nick Zwar
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Foster JM, Beasley R, Braithwaite I, Harrison T, Holliday M, Pavord I, Reddel HK. Patient experiences of as-needed budesonide-formoterol by Turbuhaler® for treatment of mild asthma; a qualitative study. Respir Med 2020; 175:106154. [PMID: 33190085 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combination low-dose budesonide-formoterol, taken as-needed for symptom relief reduces exacerbation risk and is recommended for treatment of mild asthma. The NovelQ qualitative study explored patients' attitudes toward using this novel therapy. METHODS Adults with mild asthma using reliever-only treatment were randomised to as-needed budesonide-formoterol Turbuhaler® in a multinational, 52-week open-label randomised controlled trial (NovelSTART-ACTRN12615000999538). A subgroup were interviewed to explore their attitudes to use of as-needed budesonide-formoterol after receiving it for ≥10 months. Semi-structured interviews were conducted until saturation, audio-recorded, and thematically analysed. RESULTS Analysis of 35 participants (66% female; mean age 43.5 [range 18-74]; mean Asthma Control Questionnaire score 1.09 ± SD0.55) interviews identified 5 themes, each including both barriers and facilitators to therapy use. Themes were: 'Treatment effectiveness' i.e. how well symptoms were relieved and/or prevented; 'Lifestyle fit of the regimen' e.g. the extent to which the treatment regimen integrated into the patient's daily life; 'Attitudes toward medication use and safety' e.g. openness for new reliever treatments, beliefs about treatment necessity or side effects; 'Device attributes' e.g. perceived ease of use; and 'Doctor-patient relationship' e.g. impact of health professional support on new treatment acceptance. CONCLUSIONS A wide range of factors seem to drive the opinions of mild asthma patients on as-needed budesonide-formoterol therapy. Many patients perceived both positive and negative treatment attributes, and their individual evaluation of these attributes determined their likelihood of using it after the study. Supportive patient-physician interactions appear key to addressing patient barriers. Recommendations for patient-centred discussions, developed from this research, are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Foster
- Clinical Management Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - R Beasley
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - I Braithwaite
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - T Harrison
- Nottingham Respiratory Medicine Unit and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - M Holliday
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - I Pavord
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Oxford Respiratory NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - H K Reddel
- Clinical Management Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Baggott C, Chan A, Hurford S, Fingleton J, Beasley R, Harwood M, Reddel HK, Levack WMM. Patient preferences for asthma management: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e037491. [PMID: 32801203 PMCID: PMC7430405 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preference for asthma management and the use of medications is motivated by the interplay between lived experiences of asthma and patients' attitudes towards medications. Many previous studies have focused on individual aspects of asthma management, such as the use of preventer and reliever inhalers. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the preferences of patients with mild-moderate asthma for asthma management as a whole and factors that influenced these preferences. DESIGN A qualitative study employing qualitative descriptive analysis situated within a constructionist epistemology to analyse transcribed audio recordings from focus groups. SETTING Three locations within the greater Wellington area in New Zealand. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-seven adults with self-reported doctor's diagnosis of asthma, taking short-acting beta-agonists alone or inhaled corticosteroids with or without long-acting beta2-agonist, who had used any inhaled asthma medication within the last month. RESULTS Four key areas described preferences for asthma management. Preferences for self-management: participants wanted to be in control of their asthma and developed personal strategies to achieve this. Preferences for the specific medications or treatment regimen: participants preferred regimens that were convenient and reliably relieved symptoms. Preferences for inhaler devices: devices that had dose counters and were easy to use and portable were important. Preferences for asthma services: participants wanted easier access to their inhalers and to be empowered by their healthcare providers. Participant preferences within each of these four areas were influenced by the impact asthma had on their life, their health beliefs, emotional consequences of asthma and perceived barriers to asthma management. CONCLUSIONS This study illustrates the interaction of the lived experience of asthma, factors specific to the individual, and factors relating to asthma treatments in shaping patient preferences for asthma management. This aids our understanding of preferences for asthma management from the patient perspective. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619000601134).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Chan
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sally Hurford
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - James Fingleton
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Richard Beasley
- Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Matire Harwood
- Te Kupenga Hauora Maori, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Helen K Reddel
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia
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FitzGerald JM, Barnes PJ, Chipps BE, Jenkins CR, O'Byrne PM, Pavord ID, Reddel HK. The burden of exacerbations in mild asthma: a systematic review. ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00359-2019. [PMID: 32802826 PMCID: PMC7418821 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00359-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although most patients with asthma have mild disease, data on how mild asthma is defined, and how frequently exacerbations occur in this patient population are scarce, so we aimed to redress this. Methods We searched Medline and Medline In-Process (PubMed), and Embase in OVID for English-language publications containing “mild asthma” plus at least one relevant therapy and outcome/keyword, limited to randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies published between January 1990 and February 2019. Publications were filtered to ensure appropriate data extraction. The main outcomes were the definitions of mild asthma and exacerbations, baseline exacerbation rates and exacerbation data for placebo recipients in prospective studies. Meta-analysis of exacerbation rates was planned. Findings Of 4064 articles identified, 64 were included in our review (49 743 subjects); 54 RCTs and 10 observational/other studies. Six main types of definitions of mild asthma were identified. While care was taken to ensure inclusion only of patients with mild asthma, marked heterogeneity was revealed in the definitions of mild asthma and hence the study populations. Reporting of exacerbations also varied widely between studies, precluding meta-analysis. Between 0–22% of patients were hospitalised for asthma or had a severe exacerbation in the previous year, according to baseline data from prospective studies. In RCTs, severe exacerbation rates in placebo recipients taking only short-acting β2-agonist therapy ranged from 0.20–2.88 per year. Conclusions These data provide new evidence of the burden of exacerbations in mild asthma and highlight the need for standardised definitions of mild asthma and of exacerbations to progress further research. This comprehensive literature review highlights the risk of exacerbations for patients with mild asthmahttps://bit.ly/3cauSb3
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mark FitzGerald
- Institute for Heart and Lung Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Bradley E Chipps
- Capital Allergy and Respiratory Disease Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Christine R Jenkins
- The George Institute for Global Health and Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul M O'Byrne
- Firestone Institute of Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Healthcare and Dept of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ian D Pavord
- Oxford Respiratory NIHR BRC, Nuffield Dept of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen K Reddel
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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