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Lee JR, Terauds A, Carwardine J, Shaw JD, Fuller RA, Possingham HP, Chown SL, Convey P, Gilbert N, Hughes KA, McIvor E, Robinson SA, Ropert-Coudert Y, Bergstrom DM, Biersma EM, Christian C, Cowan DA, Frenot Y, Jenouvrier S, Kelley L, Lee MJ, Lynch HJ, Njåstad B, Quesada A, Roura RM, Shaw EA, Stanwell-Smith D, Tsujimoto M, Wall DH, Wilmotte A, Chadès I. Threat management priorities for conserving Antarctic biodiversity. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001921. [PMID: 36548240 PMCID: PMC9778584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antarctic terrestrial biodiversity faces multiple threats, from invasive species to climate change. Yet no large-scale assessments of threat management strategies exist. Applying a structured participatory approach, we demonstrate that existing conservation efforts are insufficient in a changing world, estimating that 65% (at best 37%, at worst 97%) of native terrestrial taxa and land-associated seabirds are likely to decline by 2100 under current trajectories. Emperor penguins are identified as the most vulnerable taxon, followed by other seabirds and dry soil nematodes. We find that implementing 10 key threat management strategies in parallel, at an estimated present-day equivalent annual cost of US$23 million, could benefit up to 84% of Antarctic taxa. Climate change is identified as the most pervasive threat to Antarctic biodiversity and influencing global policy to effectively limit climate change is the most beneficial conservation strategy. However, minimising impacts of human activities and improved planning and management of new infrastructure projects are cost-effective and will help to minimise regional threats. Simultaneous global and regional efforts are critical to secure Antarctic biodiversity for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine R. Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- CSIRO, Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Aleks Terauds
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Justine D. Shaw
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hugh P. Possingham
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Steven L. Chown
- Securing Antarctica’s Environmental Future, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Neil Gilbert
- Constantia Consulting, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kevin A. Hughes
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan McIvor
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Sharon A. Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmosphere and Life Sciences and Global Challenges Program, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Securing Antarctica’s Environmental Future, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yan Ropert-Coudert
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, La Rochelle Université − CNRS, UMR 7372, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Dana M. Bergstrom
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmosphere and Life Sciences and Global Challenges Program, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elisabeth M. Biersma
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claire Christian
- Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Don A. Cowan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Yves Frenot
- University of Rennes 1, CNRS, EcoBio (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)—UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Stéphanie Jenouvrier
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lisa Kelley
- International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO), South Kingstown, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | | | - Heather J. Lynch
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Antonio Quesada
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo M. Roura
- Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - E. Ashley Shaw
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Damon Stanwell-Smith
- International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO), South Kingstown, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Viking Expeditions, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Megumu Tsujimoto
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa Japan
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Diana H. Wall
- Department of Biology and School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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Lebouvier M, Lambret P, Garnier A, Convey P, Frenot Y, Vernon P, Renault D. Spotlight on the invasion of a carabid beetle on an oceanic island over a 105-year period. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17103. [PMID: 33051466 PMCID: PMC7553920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The flightless beetle Merizodus soledadinus, native to the Falkland Islands and southern South America, was introduced to the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands in the early Twentieth Century. Using available literature data, in addition to collecting more than 2000 new survey (presence/absence) records of M. soledadinus over the 1991-2018 period, we confirmed the best estimate of the introduction date of M. soledadinus to the archipelago, and tracked subsequent changes in its abundance and geographical distribution. The range expansion of this flightless insect was initially slow, but has accelerated over the past 2 decades, in parallel with increased local abundance. Human activities may have facilitated further local colonization by M. soledadinus, which is now widespread in the eastern part of the archipelago. This predatory insect is a major threat to the native invertebrate fauna, in particular to the endemic wingless flies Anatalanta aptera and Calycopteryx moseleyi which can be locally eliminated by the beetle. Our distribution data also suggest an accelerating role of climate change in the range expansion of M. soledadinus, with populations now thriving in low altitude habitats. Considering that no control measures, let alone eradication, are practicable, it is essential to limit any further local range expansion of this aggressively invasive insect through human assistance. This study confirms the crucial importance of long term biosurveillance for the detection and monitoring of non-native species and the timely implementation of control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Lebouvier
- CNRS, EcoBio (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, University of Rennes 1, Bâtiment 14A, 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc, 35042, Rennes cedex, France
| | - Philippe Lambret
- CNRS, EcoBio (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, University of Rennes 1, Bâtiment 14A, 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc, 35042, Rennes cedex, France
| | - Alexia Garnier
- Réserve Naturelle Nationale des Terres Australes Françaises, Rue Gabriel Dejean, 97410, Saint Pierre, Ile de la Réunion, France
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Yves Frenot
- CNRS, EcoBio (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, University of Rennes 1, Bâtiment 14A, 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc, 35042, Rennes cedex, France
| | - Philippe Vernon
- CNRS, EcoBio (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, University of Rennes 1, Bâtiment 14A, 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc, 35042, Rennes cedex, France
| | - David Renault
- CNRS, EcoBio (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, University of Rennes 1, Bâtiment 14A, 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc, 35042, Rennes cedex, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 Rue Descartes, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France.
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Laparie M, Vernon P, Cozic Y, Frenot Y, Renault D, Debat V. Wing morphology of the active flyerCalliphora vicina(Diptera: Calliphoridae) during its invasion of a sub-Antarctic archipelago where insect flightlessness is the rule. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Laparie
- UR0633 Unité de Recherche de Zoologie Forestière (URZF); INRA; 2163 Avenue de la pomme de pin CS 40001 Ardon 45075 Orléans Cedex 2 France
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Station Biologique de Paimpont; Université de Rennes 1; 35380 Paimpont France
| | - Philippe Vernon
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Station Biologique de Paimpont; Université de Rennes 1; 35380 Paimpont France
| | - Yann Cozic
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Station Biologique de Paimpont; Université de Rennes 1; 35380 Paimpont France
| | - Yves Frenot
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Station Biologique de Paimpont; Université de Rennes 1; 35380 Paimpont France
- Institut Polaire Français Paul-Émile Victor; Technopôle Brest-Iroise 29280 Plouzané France
| | - David Renault
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Station Biologique de Paimpont; Université de Rennes 1; 35380 Paimpont France
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio; Université de Rennes 1; 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc CS 74205 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Vincent Debat
- UMR CNRS 7205 OSEB; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; 45 rue Buffon - Entomologie 75005 Paris France
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Charrier M, Marie A, Guillaume D, Bédouet L, Le Lannic J, Roiland C, Berland S, Pierre JS, Le Floch M, Frenot Y, Lebouvier M. Soil calcium availability influences shell ecophenotype formation in the sub-antarctic land snail, Notodiscus hookeri. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84527. [PMID: 24376821 PMCID: PMC3869943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecophenotypes reflect local matches between organisms and their environment, and show plasticity across generations in response to current living conditions. Plastic responses in shell morphology and shell growth have been widely studied in gastropods and are often related to environmental calcium availability, which influences shell biomineralisation. To date, all of these studies have overlooked micro-scale structure of the shell, in addition to how it is related to species responses in the context of environmental pressure. This study is the first to demonstrate that environmental factors induce a bi-modal variation in the shell micro-scale structure of a land gastropod. Notodiscus hookeri is the only native land snail present in the Crozet Archipelago (sub-Antarctic region). The adults have evolved into two ecophenotypes, which are referred to here as MS (mineral shell) and OS (organic shell). The MS-ecophenotype is characterised by a thick mineralised shell. It is primarily distributed along the coastline, and could be associated to the presence of exchangeable calcium in the clay minerals of the soils. The Os-ecophenotype is characterised by a thin organic shell. It is primarily distributed at high altitudes in the mesic and xeric fell-fields in soils with large particles that lack clay and exchangeable calcium. Snails of the Os-ecophenotype are characterised by thinner and larger shell sizes compared to snails of the MS-ecophenotype, indicating a trade-off between mineral thickness and shell size. This pattern increased along a temporal scale; whereby, older adult snails were more clearly separated into two clusters compared to the younger adult snails. The prevalence of glycine-rich proteins in the organic shell layer of N. hookeri, along with the absence of chitin, differs to the organic scaffolds of molluscan biominerals. The present study provides new insights for testing the adaptive value of phenotypic plasticity in response to spatial and temporal environmental variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryvonne Charrier
- Université de Rennes 1, Université Européenne de Bretagne, UMR CNRS 6553, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Arul Marie
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Plateforme de Spectrométrie de Masse et de Protéomique, UMR CNRS 7245, Département Régulation Développement et Diversité Moléculaire, Paris, France
| | - Damien Guillaume
- Université de Toulouse, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), Toulouse, France.
| | - Laurent Bédouet
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR CNRS 7208 / IRD 207, Paris, France
| | - Joseph Le Lannic
- Université de Rennes 1, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Service Commun de Microscopie Electronique à Balayage et micro-Analyse, Rennes, France
| | - Claire Roiland
- Université de Rennes 1, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Berland
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR CNRS 7208 / IRD 207, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Pierre
- Université de Rennes 1, Université Européenne de Bretagne, UMR CNRS 6553, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Marie Le Floch
- Université de Rennes 1, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Yves Frenot
- Institut Polaire Français Paul Émile Victor, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Plouzané, France
| | - Marc Lebouvier
- Université de Rennes 1, Université Européenne de Bretagne, UMR CNRS 6553, Station Biologique, Paimpont, France
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Chown SL, Lee JE, Hughes KA, Barnes J, Barrett PJ, Bergstrom DM, Convey P, Cowan DA, Crosbie K, Dyer G, Frenot Y, Grant SM, Herr D, Kennicutt MC, Lamers M, Murray A, Possingham HP, Reid K, Riddle MJ, Ryan PG, Sanson L, Shaw JD, Sparrow MD, Summerhayes C, Terauds A, Wall DH. Conservation. Challenges to the future conservation of the Antarctic. Science 2012; 337:158-9. [PMID: 22798586 DOI: 10.1126/science.1222821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S L Chown
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa.
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Laparie M, Bical R, Larvor V, Vernon P, Frenot Y, Renault D. Habitat phenotyping of two sub-Antarctic flies by metabolic fingerprinting: evidence for a species outside its home? Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 162:406-12. [PMID: 22561665 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic fingerprinting can elucidate rearrangements of metabolic networks in organisms exposed to various environmental conditions. Maintenance of organismal performance occurs by alterations in metabolic fluxes and pathways, resulting in habitat-specific metabolic signatures. Several insects of sub-Antarctic Islands, including the wingless flies Anatalanta aptera and Calycopteryx moseleyi, are exposed to saline organic matter accumulated along littoral margins. However, C. moseleyi has long been considered restricted to a habitat of lower salinity, the Kerguelen cabbage. High C. moseleyi densities identified in saline decaying seaweeds are intriguing, and may involve osmoregulatory adjustments including accumulation of osmoprotectants. In the present work, we examined quantitative metabotypes (metabolic phenotypes) among wild C. moseleyi individuals from seaweeds versus non-saline Kerguelen cabbages. They were compared to metabotypes from wild A. aptera, a common fly on seaweed. Statistical procedures designed to magnify between-class differences failed to clearly separate C. moseleyi metabotypes from cabbage and seaweed, despite contrasted morphotypes, diets, and salinities. A. aptera exhibited higher glycerol, inositol, trehalose, and other osmoprotectants concentrations that may enhance its performance under saline environments. Seaweed may represent a secondary niche in C. moseleyi, promoted by the marked reduction in Kerguelen cabbage frequency subsequent to climate change, and herbivorous pressures caused by rabbit invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laparie
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Station Biologique de Paimpont, 35380 Paimpont, France.
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Laparie M, Larvor V, Frenot Y, Renault D. Starvation resistance and effects of diet on energy reserves in a predatory ground beetle (Merizodus soledadinus; Carabidae) invading the Kerguelen Islands. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 161:122-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Frenot Y, Chown SL, Whinam J, Selkirk PM, Convey P, Skotnicki M, Bergstrom DM. Biological invasions in the Antarctic: extent, impacts and implications. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2005; 80:45-72. [PMID: 15727038 DOI: 10.1017/s1464793104006542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alien microbes, fungi, plants and animals occur on most of the sub-Antarctic islands and some parts of the Antarctic continent. These have arrived over approximately the last two centuries, coincident with human activity in the region. Introduction routes have varied, but are largely associated with movement of people and cargo in connection with industrial, national scientific program and tourist operations. The large majority of aliens are European in origin. They have both direct and indirect impacts on the functioning of species-poor Antarctic ecosystems, in particular including substantial loss of local biodiversity and changes to ecosystem processes. With rapid climate change occurring in some parts of Antarctica, elevated numbers of introductions and enhanced success of colonization by aliens are likely, with consequent increases in impacts on ecosystems. Mitigation measures that will substantially reduce the risk of introductions to Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic must focus on reducing propagule loads on humans, and their food, cargo, and transport vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Frenot
- UMR 6553 CNRS-Université de Rennes and French Polar Institute (IPEV), Station Biologique, F-35380 Paimpont, France.
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Hummel I, Quemmerais F, Gouesbet G, El Amrani A, Frenot Y, Hennion F, Couée I. Characterization of environmental stress responses during early development of Pringlea antiscorbutica in the field at Kerguelen. New Phytol 2004; 162:705-715. [PMID: 33873770 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
• Early development of Kerguelen cabbage (Pringlea antiscorbutica) was studied in the Kerguelen archipelago, its natural habitat, and under laboratory conditions. Polyamines, which are involved in developmental processes and responses to stress in several plant species, were used as markers of physiological status of P. antiscorbutica seedlings. • Analysis under laboratory conditions of responses to low water availability and to salinity enabled identification of major environmental constraints restricting seedling development in the subantarctic region. • Salt stress was found to modify polyamine distribution between seedling organs, in controlled experiments and in the field, thus indicating that polyamine responses to salt stress were functional in the field at Kerguelen. By contrast, exposure to low water availability induced different polyamine responses in controlled experiments and in the field. • The present work thus shows that, under certain conditions, polyamine concentrations can be used as a marker of specific stress responses of seedlings in the field. Discrepancies are discussed in terms of growth conditions in the laboratory and of combined stresses in natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irène Hummel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, Umr 6553 Ecobio, Campus de Beaulieu, bâtiment 14A, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Quemmerais
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, Umr 6553 Ecobio, Campus de Beaulieu, bâtiment 14A, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Gwenola Gouesbet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, Umr 6553 Ecobio, Campus de Beaulieu, bâtiment 14A, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Abdelhak El Amrani
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, Umr 6553 Ecobio, Campus de Beaulieu, bâtiment 14A, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Yves Frenot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, Umr 6553 Ecobio, Campus de Beaulieu, bâtiment 14A, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Françoise Hennion
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, Umr 6553 Ecobio, Campus de Beaulieu, bâtiment 14A, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Ivan Couée
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 1, Umr 6553 Ecobio, Campus de Beaulieu, bâtiment 14A, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Vidal E, Jouventin P, Frenot Y. Contribution of alien and indigenous species to plant-community assemblages near penguin rookeries at Crozet archipelago. Polar Biol 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-003-0500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Frenot Y, de Oliveira E, Gauthier-Clerc M, Deunff J, Bellido A, Vernon P. Life cycle of the tick Ixodes uriae in penguin colonies: relationships with host breeding activity. Int J Parasitol 2001; 31:1040-7. [PMID: 11429167 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(01)00232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A survey of the temporal pattern of population structure and feeding activity of the seabird tick Ixodes uriae was conducted for the first time in two host species colonies: King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus halli) and Macaroni penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus chrysolophus). The life cycle of the tick was investigated over 3 years in a King penguin colony and 2 years in a Macaroni penguin colony at Possession Island (Crozet Archipelago). There was a marked seasonal feeding activity pattern of ticks in both host species, connected with the presence of birds during the breeding season. Although the King penguin colonies were occupied throughout the year by birds, the favourable period for engorgement was limited to 3.5-4.5 months, and almost all the ticks overwintered in the unengorged state. Consequently, I. uriae probably completed its life cycle over 3 years in King penguin colonies. In contrast, this life cycle could be shortened to 2 years in Macaroni penguin colonies, as a result of a different timetable of the presence of birds for breeding and moulting. The relationships between such plasticity and the host behaviour and subantarctic climatic conditions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Frenot
- UMR 6553 CNRS - Université de Rennes 1, Station Biologique, F-35380, Paimpont, France.
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Frenot Y, Aubry M, Misset MT, Gloaguen JC, Gourret JP, Lebouvier M. Phenotypic plasticity and genetic diversity in Poa annua L. (Poaceae) at Crozet and Kerguelen Islands (subantarctic). Polar Biol 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/s003000050423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Forgeard F, Frenot Y. Effects of Burning on Heathland Soil Chemical Properties: An Experimental Study on the Effect of Heating and Ash Deposits. J Appl Ecol 1996. [DOI: 10.2307/2404950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Frenot Y, Vliet-Lanoe BV, Gloaguen JC. Particle Translocation and Initial Soil Development on a Glacier Foreland, Kerguelen Islands, Subantarctic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.2307/1551892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Frenot Y, Gloaguen JC, Picot G, Bougère J, Benjamin D. Azorella selago Hook. used to estimate glacier fluctuations and climatic history in the Kerguelen Islands over the last two centuries. Oecologia 1993; 95:140-144. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00649517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/1992] [Accepted: 03/28/1993] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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