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Cervasio R, Amzallag E, Verseils M, Hemme P, Brubach JB, Infante IC, Segantini G, Rojo Romeo P, Coati A, Vlad A, Garreau Y, Resta A, Vilquin B, Creuze J, Roy P. Quantification of Crystalline Phases in Hf 0.5Zr 0.5O 2 Thin Films through Complementary Infrared Spectroscopy and Ab Initio Supercell Simulations. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:3829-3840. [PMID: 38214484 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
In the quest for thinner and more efficient ferroelectric devices, Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) has emerged as a potential ultrathin and lead-free ferroelectric material. Indeed, when deposited on a TiN electrode, 1-25 nm thick HZO exhibits excellent ferroelectricity capability, allowing the prospective miniaturization of capacitors and transistor devices. To investigate the origin of ferroelectricity in HZO thin films, we conducted a far-infrared (FIR) spectroscopic study on 5 HZO films with thicknesses ranging from 10 to 52 nm, both within and out of the ferroelectric thickness range where ferroelectric properties are observed. Based on X-ray diffraction, these HZO films are estimated to contain various proportions of monoclinic (m-), tetragonal (t-), and polar orthorhombic (polar o-) phases, while only the 11, 17, and 21 nm thick are expected to include a higher amount of polar o-phase. We coupled the HZO infrared measurements with DFT simulations for these m-, t-, and polar o-crystallographic structures. The approach used was based on the supercell method, which combines all possible Hf/Zr mixed atomic sites in the solid solution. The excellent agreement between measured and simulated spectra allows assigning most bands and provides infrared signatures for the various HZO structures, including the polar orthorhombic form. Beyond pure assignment of bands, the DFT IR spectra averaging using a mix of different compositions (e.g., 70% polar o-phase +30% m-phase) of HZO DFT crystal phases allows quantification of the percentage of different structures inside the different HZO film thicknesses. Regarding the experimental data analysis, we used the spectroscopic data to perform a Kramers-Kronig constrained variational fit to extract the optical functions of the films using a Drude-Lorentz-based model. We found that the ferroelectric films could be described using a set of about 7 oscillators, which results in static dielectric constants in good agreement with theoretical values and previously reported ones for HfO2-doped ferroelectric films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Cervasio
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Emilie Amzallag
- ICMMO/SP2M, UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat. 670 Avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay-F, France
| | - Marine Verseils
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Hemme
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Blaise Brubach
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Ingrid Cañero Infante
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, CNRS UMR5270 ECL INSA UCBL CPE, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Greta Segantini
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (UMR5270/CNRS), Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - Pedro Rojo Romeo
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (UMR5270/CNRS), Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - Alessandro Coati
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Alina Vlad
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Yves Garreau
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Andrea Resta
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Bertrand Vilquin
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (UMR5270/CNRS), Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Creuze
- ICMMO/SP2M, UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat. 670 Avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay-F, France
| | - Pascale Roy
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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2
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Nelli D, Roncaglia C, Ferrando R, Kataya Z, Garreau Y, Coati A, Andreazza-Vignolle C, Andreazza P. Sudden collective atomic rearrangements trigger the growth of defect-free silver icosahedra. Nanoscale 2023; 15:18891-18900. [PMID: 37975176 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04530g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The growth of Ag clusters on amorphous carbon substrates is studied in situ by X-ray scattering experiments, whose final outcome is imaged by electron microscopy. The real-time analysis of the growth process at room temperature shows the formation of a large majority of icosahedral structures by a shell-by-shell growth mode which produces smooth and nearly defect-free structures. Molecular dynamics simulations supported by ab initio calculations reveal that the shell-by-shell mode is possible because of the occurrence of collective displacements which involve the concerted motion of many atoms of the growing shell. These collective processes are a kind of black swan event, as they occur suddenly and rarely, but their occurrence is decisive for the final outcome of the growth. Annealing and ageing experiments show that the as-grown icosahedra are metastable, in agreement with the energetic stability calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Nelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy.
| | - Cesare Roncaglia
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Ferrando
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy.
| | - Zeinab Kataya
- Université d'Orléans, CNRS, ICMN UMR7374, 1b rue de la Férollerie, F-45071 Orléans, France.
| | - Yves Garreau
- Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme de Merisiers, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques UMR7162, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Coati
- Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme de Merisiers, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Pascal Andreazza
- Université d'Orléans, CNRS, ICMN UMR7374, 1b rue de la Férollerie, F-45071 Orléans, France.
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Zhang K, Hanf MC, Bernard R, Borensztein Y, Cruguel H, Resta A, Garreau Y, Vlad A, Coati A, Sciacca D, Grandidier B, Derivaz M, Pirri C, Sonnet P, Stephan R, Prévot G. Reply to the Comment on "The Ground State of Epitaxial Germanene on Ag(111)". ACS Nano 2023; 17:22149-22151. [PMID: 38014577 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Hanf
- Université de Haute Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Romain Bernard
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Yves Borensztein
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Cruguel
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Andrea Resta
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Yves Garreau
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Alina Vlad
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Alessandro Coati
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Davide Sciacca
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France Junia-ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bruno Grandidier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France Junia-ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mickael Derivaz
- Université de Haute Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Carmelo Pirri
- Université de Haute Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Sonnet
- Université de Haute Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Régis Stephan
- Université de Haute Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Geoffroy Prévot
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
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Zhang K, Hanf MC, Bernard R, Borensztein Y, Cruguel H, Resta A, Garreau Y, Vlad A, Coati A, Sciacca D, Grandidier B, Derivaz M, Pirri C, Sonnet P, Stephan R, Prévot G. The Ground State of Epitaxial Germanene on Ag(111). ACS Nano 2023; 17:15687-15695. [PMID: 37549002 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb lattices beyond graphene, such as germanene, appear very promising due to their outstanding electronic properties, such as the quantum spin Hall effects. While there have been many claims of germanene monolayers up to now, no experimental evidence of a honeycomb structure has been provided up to now for these grown monolayers. Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD), and density functional theory, we have elucidated the Ge-induced ( 109 × 109 ) R ± 24.5 ° reconstruction on Ag(111). We demonstrate that a powerful algorithm combining SXRD with STM allows us to solve a giant surface reconstruction with more than a hundred atoms per unit cell. Its extensive unit cell indeed consists of 98 2-fold or 3-fold coordinated Ge atoms, forming a periodic arrangement of pentagons, hexagons, and heptagons, with the inclusion of six dispersed Ag atoms. By analogy, we show that the ( 7 7 × 7 7 ) R ± 19.1 ° reconstruction obtained by segregation of Ge through an epitaxial Ag/Ge(111) film possesses a similar structure, i.e., Ge pentagons/hexagons/heptagons with a few Ag atoms. Such an organization is more stable than that of pure Ge monolayers and can be assigned to the ground state of epitaxial germanene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Hanf
- Université de Haute Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Romain Bernard
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Yves Borensztein
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Cruguel
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Andrea Resta
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Yves Garreau
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Alina Vlad
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Alessandro Coati
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Davide Sciacca
- Université Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, Junia-ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bruno Grandidier
- Université Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, Junia-ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mickael Derivaz
- Université de Haute Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Carmelo Pirri
- Université de Haute Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Sonnet
- Université de Haute Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Régis Stephan
- Université de Haute Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Geoffroy Prévot
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
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5
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Chatelier C, Anand K, Gille P, De Weerd MC, Ledieu J, Fournée V, Resta A, Vlad A, Garreau Y, Coati A, Gaudry É. Revealing the Epitaxial Interface between Al 13Fe 4 and Al 5Fe 2 Enabling Atomic Al Interdiffusion. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:19593-19603. [PMID: 37018536 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Steel is the most commonly manufactured material in the world. Its performances can be improved by hot-dip coating with the low weight aluminum metal. The structure of the Al∥Fe interface, which is known to contain a buffer layer made of complex intermetallic compounds such as Al5Fe2 and Al13Fe4, is crucial for the properties. On the basis of surface X-ray diffraction, combined with theoretical calculations, we derive in this work a consistent model at the atomic scale for the complex Al13Fe4(010)∥Al5Fe2(001) interface. The epitaxial relationships are found to be [130]Al5Fe2∥[010]Al13Fe4 and [1 1̅0]Al5Fe2 ∥[100]Al13Fe4. Interfacial and constrained energies, as well as works of adhesion, calculated for several structural models based on density functional theory, identify the lattice mismatch and the interfacial chemical composition as main factors for the stability of the interface. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest a mechanism of Al diffusion to explain the formation of the complex Al13Fe4 and Al5Fe2 phases at the Al∥Fe interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Chatelier
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour, Campus Artem, 2 allé André Guinier, 54000 Nancy, France
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 128, Synchrotron SOLEIL, 91190 Cedex Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Kanika Anand
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour, Campus Artem, 2 allé André Guinier, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Peter Gille
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Univ., Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, D-80539 München, Germany
| | - Marie-Cécile De Weerd
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour, Campus Artem, 2 allé André Guinier, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Julian Ledieu
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour, Campus Artem, 2 allé André Guinier, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Vincent Fournée
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour, Campus Artem, 2 allé André Guinier, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Andrea Resta
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 128, Synchrotron SOLEIL, 91190 Cedex Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alina Vlad
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 128, Synchrotron SOLEIL, 91190 Cedex Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yves Garreau
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 128, Synchrotron SOLEIL, 91190 Cedex Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- CNRS, Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques Paris, Bâtiment Condorcet, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, Univ. Paris-Cité, Case courrier 7021, F-75205 Cedex 13 Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Coati
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 128, Synchrotron SOLEIL, 91190 Cedex Saint-Aubin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Émilie Gaudry
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour, Campus Artem, 2 allé André Guinier, 54000 Nancy, France
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Krause B, Abadias G, Babonneau D, Michel A, Resta A, Coati A, Garreau Y, Vlad A, Plech A, Wochner P, Baumbach T. In Situ Study of the Interface-Mediated Solid-State Reactions during Growth and Postgrowth Annealing of Pd/a-Ge Bilayers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:11268-11280. [PMID: 36791093 PMCID: PMC9983571 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ohmic or Schottky contacts in micro- and nanoelectronic devices are formed by metal-semiconductor bilayer systems, based on elemental metals or thermally more stable metallic compounds (germanides, silicides). The control of their electronic properties remains challenging as their structure formation is not yet fully understood. We have studied the phase and microstructure evolution during sputter deposition and postgrowth annealing of Pd/a-Ge bilayer systems with different Pd/Ge ratios (Pd:Ge, 2Pd:Ge, and 4Pd:Ge). The room-temperature deposition of up to 30 nm Pd was monitored by simultaneous, in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction, X-ray reflectivity, and optical stress measurements. With this portfolio of complementary real-time methods, we could identify the microstructural origins of the resistivity evolution during contact formation: Real-time X-ray diffraction measurements indicate a coherent, epitaxial growth of Pd(111) on the individual crystallites of the initially forming, polycrystalline Pd2Ge[111] layer. The crystallization of the Pd2Ge interfacial layer causes a characteristic change in the real-time wafer curvature (tensile peak), and a significant drop of the resistivity after 1.5 nm Pd deposition. In addition, we could confirm the isostructural interface formation of Pd/a-Ge and Pd/a-Si. Subtle differences between both interfaces originate from the lattice mismatch at the interface between compound and metal. The solid-state reaction during subsequent annealing was studied by real-time X-ray diffraction and complementary UHV surface analysis. We could establish the link between phase and microstructure formation during deposition and annealing-induced solid-state reaction: The thermally induced reaction between Pd and a-Ge proceeds via diffusion-controlled growth of the Pd2Ge seed crystallites. The second-phase (PdGe) formation is nucleation-controlled and takes place only when a sufficient Ge reservoir exists. The real-time access to structure and electronic properties on the nanoscale opens new paths for the knowledge-based formation of ultrathin metal/semiconductor contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bärbel Krause
- Institut
für Photonenforschung und Synchrotronstrahlung (IPS), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gregory Abadias
- Institut
Pprime, Département Physique et Mécanique des Matériaux,
UPR 3346 CNRS, Université de Poitiers, SP2MI, TSA 41123, Cedex 9 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - David Babonneau
- Institut
Pprime, Département Physique et Mécanique des Matériaux,
UPR 3346 CNRS, Université de Poitiers, SP2MI, TSA 41123, Cedex 9 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Anny Michel
- Institut
Pprime, Département Physique et Mécanique des Matériaux,
UPR 3346 CNRS, Université de Poitiers, SP2MI, TSA 41123, Cedex 9 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Andrea Resta
- Synchrotron
SOLEIL, L’Orme
des Merisiers, Départementale 128, 91190 Saint Aubin, France
| | - Alessandro Coati
- Synchrotron
SOLEIL, L’Orme
des Merisiers, Départementale 128, 91190 Saint Aubin, France
| | - Yves Garreau
- Synchrotron
SOLEIL, L’Orme
des Merisiers, Départementale 128, 91190 Saint Aubin, France
- Laboratoire
Matériaux et Phénomenes Quantiques, Université Paris Cité, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Alina Vlad
- Synchrotron
SOLEIL, L’Orme
des Merisiers, Départementale 128, 91190 Saint Aubin, France
| | - Anton Plech
- Institut
für Photonenforschung und Synchrotronstrahlung (IPS), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Wochner
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Physics, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tilo Baumbach
- Institut
für Photonenforschung und Synchrotronstrahlung (IPS), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Laboratorium
für Applikationen der Synchrotronstrahlung (LAS), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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7
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Hizi A, Forster GD, Ferrando R, Garreau Y, Coati A, Andreazza-Vignolle C, Andreazza P. Combined atomistic simulations to explore metastability and substrate effects in Ag-Co nanoalloy systems. Faraday Discuss 2023; 242:35-51. [PMID: 36349781 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00114d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The Ag/Co nanoalloy system is a model system situated energetically at the limit of stability of the core-shell chemical ordering with respect to a simple phase separation behavior. This makes the system highly susceptible to effects of the environment, such as interaction with a substrate. However, kinetic effects may also be exploited by careful atom-by-atom particle growth that allows to lock in certain out-of-equilibrium configurations, such as off-center, quasi-Janus and even Janus type particles. In this contribution, we explore to what extent out-of-equilibrium structures are due to kinetic effects and the influence of the interaction of the particles with an amorphous carbon substrate by a joint experimental and molecular dynamics study. The simulation set up performed at 300 K and 600 K mimicks the experimental growth process. The substrate deforms the particles, but has also an ordering effect on particle orientation and particle structure. In the case of growth of Ag on Co seeds, particles assume close to equilibrium quasi-Janus structures, while for the deposition of Co on Ag seeds, highly out-of-equilibrium structures with several subsurface Co clusters are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Hizi
- Interfaces, Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures (ICMN), Université d'Orléans, CNRS, Orléans, France.
| | - Georg Daniel Forster
- Interfaces, Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures (ICMN), Université d'Orléans, CNRS, Orléans, France.
| | | | | | | | | | - Pascal Andreazza
- Interfaces, Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures (ICMN), Université d'Orléans, CNRS, Orléans, France.
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Jeridi H, Niyonzima JDD, Sakr C, Missaoui A, Shahini S, Vlad A, Coati A, Goubet N, Royer S, Vickridge I, Goldmann M, Constantin D, Garreau Y, Babonneau D, Croset B, Gallas B, Lhuillier E, Lacaze E. Unique orientation of 1D and 2D nanoparticle assemblies confined in smectic topological defects. Soft Matter 2022; 18:4792-4802. [PMID: 35708225 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00376g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
New collective optical properties have emerged recently from organized and oriented arrays of closely packed semiconducting and metallic nanoparticles (NPs). However, it is still challenging to obtain NP assemblies which are similar everywhere on a given sample and, most importantly, share a unique common orientation that would guarantee a unique behavior everywhere on the sample. In this context, by combining optical microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and synchrotron-based grazing incidence X-ray scattering (GISAXS) of assemblies of gold nanospheres and of fluorescent nanorods, we study the interactions between NPs and liquid crystal smectic topological defects that can ultimately lead to unique NP orientations. We demonstrate that arrays of one-dimensional - 1D (dislocations) and two-dimensional - 2D (grain boundaries) topological defects oriented along one single direction confine and organize NPs in closely packed networks but also orient both single nanorods and NP networks along the same direction. Through the comparison between smectic films associated with different kinds of topological defects, we highlight that the coupling between the NP ligands and the smectic layers below the grain boundaries may be necessary to allow for fixed NP orientation. This is in contrast with 1D defects, where the induced orientation of the NPs is intrinsically induced by the confinement independently of the ligand nature. We thus succeeded in achieving the fixed polarization of assemblies of single photon emitters in defects. For gold nanospheres confined in grain boundaries, a strict orientation of hexagonal networks has been obtained with the 〈10〉 direction strictly parallel to the defects. With such closely packed and oriented NPs, new collective properties are now foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Jeridi
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris (INSP), F-75005 Paris, France.
- OMNES Education Research Center, ECE Paris, 37 Quai de Grenelle, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean de Dieu Niyonzima
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris (INSP), F-75005 Paris, France.
- Physics department, School of Science, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Po. Box: 3900, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Charbel Sakr
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris (INSP), F-75005 Paris, France.
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | - Amine Missaoui
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris (INSP), F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Sharif Shahini
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris (INSP), F-75005 Paris, France.
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 162a, Avenue de la Faencerie, L-1511, Luxembourg
| | - Alina Vlad
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, BP 48, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Alessandro Coati
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, BP 48, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Goubet
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de la Molécule aux Nano-objets; Réactivité, Interactions et Spectroscopies MONARIS, 4 Pl Jussieu, Case Co, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Royer
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris (INSP), F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Ian Vickridge
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris (INSP), F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Michel Goldmann
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris (INSP), F-75005 Paris, France.
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, BP 48, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Doru Constantin
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS UPR022, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Yves Garreau
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, BP 48, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - David Babonneau
- Departement Physique et Mecanique des Materiaux, Institut P', UPR 3346 CNRS, Université de Poitiers SP2MI, TSA 41123, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Bernard Croset
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris (INSP), F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Bruno Gallas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris (INSP), F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Emmanuel Lhuillier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris (INSP), F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Lacaze
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris (INSP), F-75005 Paris, France.
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9
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Tran T, Weng X, Hennes M, Demaille D, Coati A, Vlad A, Garreau Y, Sauvage-Simkin M, Sacchi M, Vidal F, Zheng Y. Spatial correlation of embedded nanowires probed by X-ray off-Bragg scattering of the host matrix. J Appl Crystallogr 2021. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576721006579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
It is shown that information on the spatial correlation of nano-objects embedded in a crystalline matrix can be retrieved by analysing the X-ray scattering around the Bragg reflections of the host matrix. Data are reported for vertically aligned Ni and CoNi alloy nanowires (NWs) in an SrTiO3 matrix. When the Bragg condition is fulfilled for the matrix and not for the NWs, the latter can be approximated by voids, and the scattering around the matrix reflections contains information on the self-correlation of the NWs (i.e. on their diameter d) and on the correlation between NWs (interdistance D). Nondestructive synchrotron X-ray diffraction data provide information on these values averaged over large areas, complementing local transmission electron microscopy observations. The measurements show that off-Bragg scattering around the matrix reflections can be exploited to study the spatial correlation and morphology of embedded nano-objects, independently of their crystallinity or strain or the presence of defects.
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10
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Andreazza P, Lemoine A, Coati A, Nelli D, Ferrando R, Garreau Y, Creuze J, Andreazza-Vignolle C. From metastability to equilibrium during the sequential growth of Co-Ag supported clusters: a real-time investigation. Nanoscale 2021; 13:6096-6104. [PMID: 33683240 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08862e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atomic motions and morphological evolution of growing Co-Ag nanoparticles are followed in situ and in real time, by wide and small angle X-ray scattering obtained simultaneously in grazing incidence geometry (GISAXS and GIWAXS), in single or multi-wavelength anomalous modes. The structural analysis of the experimental data is performed with the aid of equilibrium Monte Carlo simulations and of molecular-dynamics simulations of nanoparticle growth. Growth is performed by depositing Co atoms above preformed Ag nanoparticles. This growth procedure is strongly out of equilibrium, because Ag tends to surface segregation, and generates complex growth sequences. The real time analysis of the growth allows to follow the nanoparticle evolution pathways almost atom-by-atom, determining the key mechanisms during Co deposition: starting with the incorporation of Co atoms in sub-surface positions, to the off-center Co domain formation, then by which the nanoparticles finally approach their equilibrium quasi-Janus then core-shell structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Andreazza
- Interfaces, Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures, ICMN, Université d'Orléans, CNRS, Orléans, France.
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11
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Chatelier C, Garreau Y, Vlad A, Ledieu J, Resta A, Fournée V, de Weerd MC, Coati A, Gaudry É. Pseudo-2-Fold Surface of the Al 13Co 4 Catalyst: Structure, Stability, and Hydrogen Adsorption. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:39787-39797. [PMID: 32805978 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A few low-order approximants to decagonal quasicrystals have been shown to provide excellent activity and selectivity for the hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes. It is the case for the Al13Co4 compound, for which the catalytic properties of the pseudo-2-fold orientation have been revealed to be among the best. A combination of surface science studies, including surface X-ray diffraction, and calculations based on density functional theory is used here to derive an atomistic model for the pseudo-2-fold o-Al13Co4 surface, whose faceted and columnar structure is found very similar to the one of the 2-fold surface of the d-Al-Ni-Co quasicrystal. Facets substantially stabilize the system, with energies in the range 1.19-1.31 J/m2, i.e., much smaller than the ones of the pseudo-10-fold (1.49-1.68 J/m2) and pseudo-2-fold (1.66 J/m2) surfaces. Faceting is also a main factor at the origin of the Al13Co4 catalytic performances, as illustrated by the comparison of the pseudo-10-fold, pseudo-2-fold and facet potential energy maps for hydrogen adsorption. This work gives insights toward the design of complex intermetallic catalysts through surface nanostructuration for optimized catalytic performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Chatelier
- CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour - UMR 7198, Université de Lorraine, Nancy F-54011, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex F-91192, France
| | - Yves Garreau
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex F-91192, France
- CNRS Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques-UMR 7162, Université de Paris, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Alina Vlad
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex F-91192, France
| | - Julian Ledieu
- CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour - UMR 7198, Université de Lorraine, Nancy F-54011, France
| | - Andrea Resta
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex F-91192, France
| | - Vincent Fournée
- CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour - UMR 7198, Université de Lorraine, Nancy F-54011, France
| | - Marie-Cécile de Weerd
- CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour - UMR 7198, Université de Lorraine, Nancy F-54011, France
| | - Alessandro Coati
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex F-91192, France
| | - Émilie Gaudry
- CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour - UMR 7198, Université de Lorraine, Nancy F-54011, France
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12
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Li N, Dupraz M, Wu L, Leake SJ, Resta A, Carnis J, Labat S, Almog E, Rabkin E, Favre-Nicolin V, Picca FE, Berenguer F, van de Poll R, Hofmann JP, Vlad A, Thomas O, Garreau Y, Coati A, Richard MI. Continuous scanning for Bragg coherent X-ray imaging. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12760. [PMID: 32728084 PMCID: PMC7391662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the use of continuous scanning during data acquisition for Bragg coherent diffraction imaging, i.e., where the sample is in continuous motion. The fidelity of continuous scanning Bragg coherent diffraction imaging is demonstrated on a single Pt nanoparticle in a flow reactor at \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$400\,^\circ \hbox {C}$$\end{document}400∘C in an Ar-based gas flowed at 50 ml/min. We show a reduction of 30% in total scan time compared to conventional step-by-step scanning. The reconstructed Bragg electron density, phase, displacement and strain fields are in excellent agreement with the results obtained from conventional step-by-step scanning. Continuous scanning will allow to minimise sample instability under the beam and will become increasingly important at diffraction-limited storage ring light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Li
- CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.,ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Dupraz
- CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.,ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Longfei Wu
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.,CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, Aix Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Steven J Leake
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Andrea Resta
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jérôme Carnis
- CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, Aix Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille, France.,Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stéphane Labat
- CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, Aix Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Ehud Almog
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eugen Rabkin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | - Felisa Berenguer
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rim van de Poll
- Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jan P Hofmann
- Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alina Vlad
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Thomas
- CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, Aix Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Yves Garreau
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, UMR 7162, Université de Paris, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Coati
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France. .,ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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13
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Soldo-Olivier Y, Abisset A, Bailly A, De Santis M, Garaudée S, Lacipière J, Coati A, Garreau Y, Saint-Lager MC. Localized surface plasmon resonance of Au/TiO 2(110): substrate and size influence from in situ optical and structural investigation. Nanoscale Adv 2020; 2:2448-2461. [PMID: 36133367 PMCID: PMC9417892 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00165a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) of noble metal nanoparticles has attracted a lot of attention in recent years as enhancer of the photocatalytic activity in the visible light domain. Rare are the experimental in situ studies, coupling structural and optical responses, but they are mandatory for a deep understanding of the mechanisms underlying LSPR. Herein we present an in situ investigation during the growth of gold nanoparticles (NPs) on TiO2(110) in the 2-6 nm size range. We probed the structural and morphological properties of the supported nanoparticles by performing GIXRD and GISAXS simultaneously with their optical response in p and s polarizations recorded by SDRS. The rutile surface state turns out to have a major effect on the Au NPs growth and on their plasmonic response, both in frequency and vibration modes. The roughening of the TiO2(110) surface weakens the interaction strength between the NPs and the substrate, favoring the growth of textured in-plane randomly orientated NPs. Compared to the epitaxial clusters growing on the flat TiO2 surface, these textured NPs are characterized by a LSPR blue shift and by the presence of LSPR vibration modes perpendicular to the surface for sizes smaller than about 4 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Soldo-Olivier
- Institut Néel, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes et Grenoble INP 25 Avenue des Martyrs Grenoble France
| | - A Abisset
- Institut Néel, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes et Grenoble INP 25 Avenue des Martyrs Grenoble France
| | - A Bailly
- Institut Néel, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes et Grenoble INP 25 Avenue des Martyrs Grenoble France
| | - M De Santis
- Institut Néel, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes et Grenoble INP 25 Avenue des Martyrs Grenoble France
| | - S Garaudée
- Institut Néel, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes et Grenoble INP 25 Avenue des Martyrs Grenoble France
| | - J Lacipière
- Institut Néel, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes et Grenoble INP 25 Avenue des Martyrs Grenoble France
| | - A Coati
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, BP 48 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex France
| | - Y Garreau
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS F-75013 Paris France
| | - M-C Saint-Lager
- Institut Néel, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes et Grenoble INP 25 Avenue des Martyrs Grenoble France
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14
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Do SP, Missaoui A, Coati A, Coursault D, Jeridi H, Resta A, Goubet N, Wojcik MM, Choux A, Royer S, Briand E, Donnio B, Gallani JL, Pansu B, Lhuillier E, Garreau Y, Babonneau D, Goldmann M, Constantin D, Gallas B, Croset B, Lacaze E. From Chains to Monolayers: Nanoparticle Assembly Driven by Smectic Topological Defects. Nano Lett 2020; 20:1598-1606. [PMID: 31951415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we show how advanced hierarchical structures of topological defects in the so-called smectic oily streaks can be used to sequentially transfer their geometrical features to gold nanospheres. We use two kinds of topological defects, 1D dislocations and 2D ribbon-like topological defects. The large trapping efficiency of the smectic dislocation cores not only surpasses that of the elastically distorted zones around the cores but also surpasses the one of the 2D ribbon-like topological defect. This enables the formation of a large number of aligned NP chains within the dislocation cores that can be quasi-fully filled without any significant aggregation outside of the cores. When the NP concentration is large enough to entirely fill the dislocation cores, the LC confinement varies from 1D to 2D. We demonstrate that the 2D topological defect cores induce a confinement that leads to planar hexagonal networks of NPs. We then draw the phase diagram driven by NP concentration, associated with the sequential confinements induced by these two kinds of topological defects. Owing to the excellent large-scale order of these defect cores, not only the NP chains but also the NP hexagonal networks can be oriented along the desired direction, suggesting a possible new route for the creation of either 1D or 2D highly anisotropic NP networks. In addition, these results open rich perspectives based on the possible creation of coexisting NP assemblies of different kinds, localized in different confining areas of a same smectic film that would thus interact thanks to their proximity but also would interact via the surrounding soft matter matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syou-P'heng Do
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences, CNRS, Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris (INSP), 4 pl Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Amine Missaoui
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences, CNRS, Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris (INSP), 4 pl Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Coati
- Synchrotron Soleil, BP 48, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | - Haifa Jeridi
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences, CNRS, Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris (INSP), 4 pl Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Andrea Resta
- Synchrotron Soleil, BP 48, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Goubet
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences, CNRS, Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris (INSP), 4 pl Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michal M Wojcik
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arnaud Choux
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences, CNRS, Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris (INSP), 4 pl Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Royer
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences, CNRS, Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris (INSP), 4 pl Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emrick Briand
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences, CNRS, Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris (INSP), 4 pl Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, BP 43, 23 rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean Louis Gallani
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, BP 43, 23 rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Brigitte Pansu
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Bat. 510, UMR-CNRS 8502, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuel Lhuillier
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences, CNRS, Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris (INSP), 4 pl Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yves Garreau
- Synchrotron Soleil, BP 48, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - David Babonneau
- Institut Pprime, Département Physique et Mécanique des Matériaux, UPR 3346 CNRS, Université de Poitiers, SP2MI, TSA 41123, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Michel Goldmann
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences, CNRS, Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris (INSP), 4 pl Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- Synchrotron Soleil, BP 48, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Doru Constantin
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Bat. 510, UMR-CNRS 8502, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Bruno Gallas
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences, CNRS, Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris (INSP), 4 pl Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bernard Croset
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences, CNRS, Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris (INSP), 4 pl Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Lacaze
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences, CNRS, Institut des Nano-Sciences de Paris (INSP), 4 pl Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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15
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Dendooven J, Van Daele M, Solano E, Ramachandran RK, Minjauw MM, Resta A, Vlad A, Garreau Y, Coati A, Portale G, Detavernier C. Surface mobility and impact of precursor dosing during atomic layer deposition of platinum:in situmonitoring of nucleation and island growth. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:24917-24933. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03563g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nucleation rate and diffusion-driven growth of Pt nanoparticles are revealed within situX-ray fluorescence and scattering measurements during ALD: the particle morphology at a certain Pt loading is similar for high and low precursor exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Dendooven
- Department of Solid State Sciences
- CoCooN group
- Ghent University
- Belgium
| | - Michiel Van Daele
- Department of Solid State Sciences
- CoCooN group
- Ghent University
- Belgium
| | - Eduardo Solano
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source
- NCD-SWEET beamline
- Cerdanyola del Vallès
- Spain
| | | | | | - Andrea Resta
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- SixS Beamline
- L’Orme des Merisiers
- 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette
- France
| | - Alina Vlad
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- SixS Beamline
- L’Orme des Merisiers
- 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette
- France
| | - Yves Garreau
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- SixS Beamline
- L’Orme des Merisiers
- 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette
- France
| | - Alessandro Coati
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- SixS Beamline
- L’Orme des Merisiers
- 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette
- France
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- ESRF European Synchrotron
- DUBBLE Beamline BM26
- 38043 Grenoble
- France
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16
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Krause B, Abadias G, Furgeaud C, Michel A, Resta A, Coati A, Garreau Y, Vlad A, Hauschild D, Baumbach T. Interfacial Silicide Formation and Stress Evolution during Sputter Deposition of Ultrathin Pd Layers on a-Si. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:39315-39323. [PMID: 31547648 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron experiments combining real-time stress, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray reflectivity measurements, complemented by in situ electron diffraction and photon electron spectroscopy measurements, revealed a detailed picture of the interfacial silicide formation during deposition of ultrathin Pd layers on amorphous silicon. Initially, an amorphous Pd2Si interlayer is formed. At a critical thickness of 2.3 nm, this layer crystallizes and the resulting volume reduction leads to a tensile stress buildup. The [111] textured Pd2Si layer continues to grow up to a thickness of ≈3.7 nm and is subsequently covered by a Pd layer with [111] texture. The tensile stress relaxes already during Pd2Si growth. A comparison between the texture formation on SiOx and a-Si shows that the silicide layer serves as a template for the Pd layer, resulting in a surprisingly narrow texture of only 3° after 800 s Pd deposition. The texture formation of Pd and Pd2Si can be explained by the low lattice mismatch between Pd(111) and Pd2Si(111). The combined experimental results indicate a similar interface formation mechanism for Pd on a-Si and c-Si, whereas the resulting silicide texture depends on the Si surface. A new strain relaxation mechanism via grain boundary diffusion is proposed, taking into account the influence of the thickness-dependent crystallization on the material transport through the silicide layer. In combination with the small lattice mismatch, the grain boundary diffusion facilitates the growth of Pd clusters, explaining thus the well-defined thickness of the interfacial silicide layer, which limits the miniaturization of self-organized silicide layers for microelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory Abadias
- Institut PPrime, UPR 3346, Université de Poitiers-CNRS-ENSMA , Chasseneuil-Futuroscope 86960 , France
| | - Clarisse Furgeaud
- Institut PPrime, UPR 3346, Université de Poitiers-CNRS-ENSMA , Chasseneuil-Futuroscope 86960 , France
| | - Anny Michel
- Institut PPrime, UPR 3346, Université de Poitiers-CNRS-ENSMA , Chasseneuil-Futuroscope 86960 , France
| | - Andrea Resta
- Synchrotron SOLEIL , Gif sur Yvette 91192 , France
| | | | - Yves Garreau
- Synchrotron SOLEIL , Gif sur Yvette 91192 , France
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques , Université de Paris , Paris 75013 , France
| | - Alina Vlad
- Synchrotron SOLEIL , Gif sur Yvette 91192 , France
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17
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Fourmental C, Mondal S, Banerjee R, Bellec A, Garreau Y, Coati A, Chacon C, Girard Y, Lagoute J, Rousset S, Boillot ML, Mallah T, Enachescu C, Barreteau C, Dappe YJ, Smogunov A, Narasimhan S, Repain V. Importance of Epitaxial Strain at a Spin-Crossover Molecule-Metal Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4103-4109. [PMID: 31265299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spin-crossover molecules are very appealing for use in multifunctional spintronic devices because of their ability to switch between high-spin and low-spin states with external stimuli such as voltage and light. In actual devices, the molecules are deposited on a substrate, which can modify their properties. However, surprisingly little is known about such molecule-substrate effects. Here we show for the first time, by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, that an FeII spin-crossover molecular layer displays a well-defined epitaxial relationship with a metal substrate. Then we show, by both density functional calculations and a mechanoelastic model, that the resulting epitaxial strain and the related internal pressure can induce a partial spin conversion at low temperatures, which has indeed been observed experimentally. Our results emphasize the importance of substrate-induced spin state transitions and raise the possibility of exploiting them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Fourmental
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques , Université de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7162 , 10 rue A. Domon et L. Duquet , 75013 Paris , France
| | - Sourav Mondal
- Theoretical Sciences Unit and School of Advanced Materials , Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur , Bangalore 560064 , India
| | - Rajdeep Banerjee
- Theoretical Sciences Unit and School of Advanced Materials , Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur , Bangalore 560064 , India
| | - Amandine Bellec
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques , Université de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7162 , 10 rue A. Domon et L. Duquet , 75013 Paris , France
| | - Yves Garreau
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques , Université de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7162 , 10 rue A. Domon et L. Duquet , 75013 Paris , France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL , L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin , 91192 Gif sur Yvette , France
| | - Alessandro Coati
- Synchrotron SOLEIL , L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin , 91192 Gif sur Yvette , France
| | - Cyril Chacon
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques , Université de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7162 , 10 rue A. Domon et L. Duquet , 75013 Paris , France
| | - Yann Girard
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques , Université de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7162 , 10 rue A. Domon et L. Duquet , 75013 Paris , France
| | - Jérôme Lagoute
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques , Université de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7162 , 10 rue A. Domon et L. Duquet , 75013 Paris , France
| | - Sylvie Rousset
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques , Université de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7162 , 10 rue A. Domon et L. Duquet , 75013 Paris , France
| | - Marie-Laure Boillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay , Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, UMR 8182 , 91405 Orsay Cedex , France
| | - Talal Mallah
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay , Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, UMR 8182 , 91405 Orsay Cedex , France
| | - Cristian Enachescu
- Faculty of Physics , Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi , Iasi 700506 , Romania
| | - Cyrille Barreteau
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay , 91191 Cedex Gif sur Yvette , France
| | - Yannick J Dappe
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay , 91191 Cedex Gif sur Yvette , France
| | - Alexander Smogunov
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay , 91191 Cedex Gif sur Yvette , France
| | - Shobhana Narasimhan
- Theoretical Sciences Unit and School of Advanced Materials , Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research , Jakkur , Bangalore 560064 , India
| | - Vincent Repain
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques , Université de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7162 , 10 rue A. Domon et L. Duquet , 75013 Paris , France
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18
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Wilson A, Bailly A, Bernard R, Borensztein Y, Coati A, Croset B, Cruguel H, Naitabdi A, Silly M, Saint-Lager MC, Vlad A, Witkowski N, Garreau Y, Prevot G. Gas-induced selective re-orientation of Au-Cu nanoparticles on TiO 2 (110). Nanoscale 2019; 11:752-761. [PMID: 30566167 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07645f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Au-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) grown on TiO2(110) have been followed in situ using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy from their synthesis to their exposure to a CO/O2 mixture at low pressure (P < 10-5 mbar) and at different temperatures (300 K-470 K). As-prepared samples are composed of two types of alloyed NPs: randomly oriented and epitaxial NPs. Whereas the introduction of CO has no effect on the structure of the NPs, an O2 introduction triggers a Cu surface segregation phenomenon resulting in the formation of a Cu2O shell reducible by annealing the sample over 430 K. A selective re-orientation of the nanoparticles, induced by the exposure to a CO/O2 mixture, is observed where the randomly oriented NPs take advantage of the mobility induced by the Cu segregation to re-orient their Au-rich core relatively to the TiO2(110) substrate following specifically the orientation ((111)NPs//(110)TiO2) when others epitaxial relationships were observed on the as-prepared sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Wilson
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, UMR 7588, F-75005, Paris, France.
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19
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Conrad M, Wang F, Nevius M, Jinkins K, Celis A, Narayanan Nair M, Taleb-Ibrahimi A, Tejeda A, Garreau Y, Vlad A, Coati A, Miceli PF, Conrad EH. Wide Band Gap Semiconductor from a Hidden 2D Incommensurate Graphene Phase. Nano Lett 2017; 17:341-347. [PMID: 27981850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Producing a usable semiconducting form of graphene has plagued the development of graphene electronics for nearly two decades. Now that new preparation methods have become available, graphene's intrinsic properties can be measured and the search for semiconducting graphene has begun to produce results. This is the case of the first graphene "buffer" layer grown on SiC(0001) presented in this work. We show, contrary to assumptions of the last 40 years, that the buffer graphene layer is not commensurate with SiC. The new modulated structure we've found resolves a long-standing contradiction where ab initio calculations expect a metallic buffer, while experimentally it is found to be a semiconductor. Model calculations using the new incommensurate structure show that the semiconducting π-band character of the buffer comes from partially hybridized graphene incommensurate boundaries surrounding unperturbed graphene islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Conrad
- The Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, United States
| | - Feng Wang
- The Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, United States
| | - Meredith Nevius
- The Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, United States
| | - Katherine Jinkins
- University of Wisconsin-Platteville , Platteville, Wisconsin 53818, United States
| | - Arlensiú Celis
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Universit Paris-Sud, CNRS , UMR 8502, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Maya Narayanan Nair
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers , Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif sur Yvette France
| | | | - Antonio Tejeda
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Universit Paris-Sud, CNRS , UMR 8502, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Yves Garreau
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers , Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Alina Vlad
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers , Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Alessandro Coati
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers , Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Paul F Miceli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri-Columbia , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Edward H Conrad
- The Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, United States
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20
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Schuler V, Milano J, Coati A, Vlad A, Sauvage-Simkin M, Garreau Y, Demaille D, Hidki S, Novikova A, Fonda E, Zheng Y, Vidal F. Growth and magnetic properties of vertically aligned epitaxial CoNi nanowires in (Sr, Ba)TiO 3 with diameters in the 1.8-6 nm range. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:495601. [PMID: 27823989 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/49/495601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The growth by pulsed laser deposition of fully epitaxial nanocomposites made of Co x Ni1-x nanowires (NW) vertically self-assembled in Sr0.5Ba0.5TiO3/SrTiO3(001) layers is reported. The diameter of the wires can be tuned in the 1.8-6 nm range. The composition of the wires can be controlled, with the growth sequence and the fcc crystallographic structure of the wires preserved for Co content up to 78%. The nanocomposite systems obtained display a uniaxial magnetic anisotropy with out-of-plane easy axis as shown through analysis of ferromagnetic resonance measurements. It is shown that the magnitude of the magnetic anisotropy depends sensitively on the structural quality of the nanocomposites.The energy barrier for magnetization reversal scales as the square of the diameter of the NW and reaches 60 [Formula: see text] for 6 nm diameter, with T amb = 300 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Schuler
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS-UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, F-75005, Paris, France
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21
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Dendooven J, Solano E, Minjauw MM, Van de Kerckhove K, Coati A, Fonda E, Portale G, Garreau Y, Detavernier C. Mobile setup for synchrotron based in situ characterization during thermal and plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:113905. [PMID: 27910568 DOI: 10.1063/1.4967711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the design of a mobile setup for synchrotron based in situ studies during atomic layer processing. The system was designed to facilitate in situ grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering (GISAXS), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), and x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements at synchrotron facilities. The setup consists of a compact high vacuum pump-type reactor for atomic layer deposition (ALD). The presence of a remote radio frequency plasma source enables in situ experiments during both thermal as well as plasma-enhanced ALD. The system has been successfully installed at different beam line end stations at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility and SOLEIL synchrotrons. Examples are discussed of in situ GISAXS and XRF measurements during thermal and plasma-enhanced ALD growth of ruthenium from RuO4 (ToRuS™, Air Liquide) and H2 or H2 plasma, providing insights in the nucleation behavior of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Dendooven
- Department of Solid State Sciences, COCOON, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eduardo Solano
- Department of Solid State Sciences, COCOON, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias M Minjauw
- Department of Solid State Sciences, COCOON, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Van de Kerckhove
- Department of Solid State Sciences, COCOON, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alessandro Coati
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Emiliano Fonda
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- DUBBLE Beamline BM26, ESRF European Synchrotron, Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Yves Garreau
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christophe Detavernier
- Department of Solid State Sciences, COCOON, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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22
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Coursault D, Zappone B, Coati A, Boulaoued A, Pelliser L, Limagne D, Boudet N, Ibrahim BH, de Martino A, Alba M, Goldmann M, Garreau Y, Gallas B, Lacaze E. Self-organized arrays of dislocations in thin smectic liquid crystal films. Soft Matter 2016; 12:678-688. [PMID: 26565648 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02241j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Combining optical microscopy, synchrotron X-ray diffraction and ellipsometry, we studied the internal structure of linear defect domains (oily streaks) in films of a smectic liquid crystal 8CB with thicknesses in the range of 100-300 nm. These films are confined between air and a rubbed PVA polymer substrate which imposes hybrid anchoring conditions (normal and unidirectional planar, respectively). We show how the presence or absence of dislocations controls the structure of highly deformed thin smectic films. Each domain contains smectic layers curved in the shape of flattened hemicylinders to satisfy both anchoring conditions, together with grain boundaries whose size and shape are controlled by the presence of dislocation lines. A flat grain boundary normal to the interface connects neighboring hemicylinders, while a rotating grain boundary (RGB) is located near the axis of curvature of the cylinders. The RGB shape appears such that dislocation lines are concentrated at its summit close to the air interface. The smectic layers reach the polymer substrate via a transition region where the smectic layer orientation satisfies the planar anchoring conditions over the entire polymer substrate and whose thickness does not depend on that of the film. The strength of planar anchoring appears to be high, larger than 10(-2) mJ m(-2), compensating for the high energy cost of creating an additional 2D defect between a horizontal smectic layer and perpendicular ones of the transition region. This 2D defect may be melted, in order to avoid the creation of a transition region structure composed of a large number of dislocations. As a result, linear defect domains can be considered as arrays of oriented defects, straight dislocations of various Burger vectors, whose location is now known, and 2D nematic defects. The possibility of easy variation between the present structure with a moderate amount of dislocations and a structure with a large number of dislocations is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Coursault
- CNRS UMR 7588, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris (INSP), 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
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23
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Coursault D, Blach JF, Grand J, Coati A, Vlad A, Zappone B, Babonneau D, Lévi G, Félidj N, Donnio B, Gallani JL, Alba M, Garreau Y, Borensztein Y, Goldmann M, Lacaze E. Tailoring Anisotropic Interactions between Soft Nanospheres Using Dense Arrays of Smectic Liquid Crystal Edge Dislocations. ACS Nano 2015; 9:11678-11689. [PMID: 26521895 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b02538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated composite films of gold nanoparticles (NPs)/liquid crystal (LC) defects as a model system to understand the key parameters, which allow for an accurate control of NP anisotropic self-assemblies using soft templates. We combined spectrophotometry, Raman spectroscopy, and grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering with calculations of dipole coupling models and soft sphere interactions. We demonstrate that dense arrays of elementary edge dislocations can strongly localize small NPs along the defect cores, resulting in formation of parallel chains of NPs. Furthermore, we show that within the dislocation cores the inter-NP distances can be tuned. This phenomenon appears to be driven by the competition between "soft (nano)sphere" attraction and LC-induced repulsion. We evidence two extreme regimes controlled by the solvent evaporation: (i) when the solvent evaporates abruptly, the spacing between neighboring NPs in the chains is dominated by van der Waals interactions between interdigitated capping ligands, leading to chains of close-packed NPs; (ii) when the solvent evaporates slowly, strong interdigitation between the is avoided, leading to a dominating LC-induced repulsion between NPs associated with the replacement of disordered cores by NPs. The templating of NPs by topological defects, beyond the technological inquiries, may enable creation, investigation, and manipulation of unique collective features for a wide range of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Coursault
- CNRS UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris (INSP) , 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jean-Francois Blach
- UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide - UCCS, Université Artois , Faculté des Sciences Jean Perrin, SP18, F-62300 Lens, France
| | - Johan Grand
- Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes (ITODYS), CNRS: UMR7086 Université Paris VII - Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Coati
- Synchrotron SOLEIL - SixS Beamline L'Orme des Merisiers Saint Aubin, BP 48 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Alina Vlad
- Synchrotron SOLEIL - SixS Beamline L'Orme des Merisiers Saint Aubin, BP 48 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Zappone
- CNR-Nanotec, UOS LICRYL-Cosenza c/o Università della Calabria , Cubo 33/B, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - David Babonneau
- Institut Pprime, Département Physique et Mécanique des Matériaux, UPR 3346 CNRS, Université de Poitiers , SP2MI, 11 Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie, BP 30179, 86962 Futuroscope Chasseneuil Cedex, France
| | - Georges Lévi
- Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes (ITODYS), CNRS: UMR7086 Université Paris VII - Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Nordin Félidj
- Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes (ITODYS), CNRS: UMR7086 Université Paris VII - Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , BP 43, 23 Rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter Laboratory (COMPASS) , UMI 3254 (CNRS-RHODIA/SOLVAY-University of Pennsylvania), CRTB, 350 George Patterson Boulevard, Bristol, Pennsylvania 19007, United States
| | - Jean-Louis Gallani
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , BP 43, 23 Rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Michel Alba
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin UMR12 CNRS-CEA , CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Yves Garreau
- Synchrotron SOLEIL - SixS Beamline L'Orme des Merisiers Saint Aubin, BP 48 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
- Matériaux et phénomènes quantiques (MPQ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 , Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, CNRS, UMR 7162, 10, rue A. Domon et L. Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Yves Borensztein
- CNRS UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris (INSP) , 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michel Goldmann
- CNRS UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris (INSP) , 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Lacaze
- CNRS UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris (INSP) , 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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24
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Wilson A, Bernard R, Borensztein Y, Croset B, Cruguel H, Vlad A, Coati A, Garreau Y, Prévot G. Critical Au Concentration for the Stabilization of Au-Cu Nanoparticles on Rutile against Dissociation under Oxygen. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2050-2055. [PMID: 26266501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Controlling aging of catalysts is of crucial importance to preserve their properties, in particular for bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) where reaction can modify the composition. Herein, we have studied the stability upon oxygen exposure of gold-copper NPs supported on rutile. We have used in situ scanning tunneling microscopy to follow the evolution of individual Au, Cu and Au-Cu NPs with various compositions grown on the TiO2(110) surface, during each step from their nucleation to their modification with oxygen. We demonstrated a direct relation between the stability of the nanoparticles and their Au concentration. Whereas pure Cu nanoparticles dissociate under O2, Au-Cu NPs containing at least 20% Au are stable. This is explained by a modification of the local density of states of Cu atoms upon alloying.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wilson
- †Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Université Paris 6, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France
- ‡Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, UMR CNRS 7588, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France
- §Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin - BP 48 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - R Bernard
- †Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Université Paris 6, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France
- ‡Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, UMR CNRS 7588, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France
| | - Y Borensztein
- †Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Université Paris 6, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France
- ‡Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, UMR CNRS 7588, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France
| | - B Croset
- †Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Université Paris 6, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France
- ‡Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, UMR CNRS 7588, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France
| | - H Cruguel
- †Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Université Paris 6, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France
- ‡Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, UMR CNRS 7588, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France
| | - A Vlad
- §Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin - BP 48 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - A Coati
- §Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin - BP 48 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Y Garreau
- ∥Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, MPQ, UMR 7162 CNRS, Bâtiment Condorcet, Case 7021, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France
| | - G Prévot
- †Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Université Paris 6, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France
- ‡Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, UMR CNRS 7588, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France
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Garel M, Babonneau D, Boulle A, Pailloux F, Coati A, Garreau Y, Ramos AY, Tolentino HCN. Self-organized ultrathin FePt nanowires produced by glancing-angle ion-beam codeposition on rippled alumina surfaces. Nanoscale 2015; 7:1437-1445. [PMID: 25504082 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05589f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultradense macroscopic arrays of ferromagnetic alloy nanowires exhibit unique properties that make them attractive both for basic physics studies and for prospective nanodevice applications in various areas. We report here on the production of self-organized equiatomic FePt nanowires produced by glancing-angle ion-beam codeposition on alumina nanoripple patterns at room temperature and subsequent annealing at 600 °C. This study demonstrates that periodically aligned FePt nanowires with tunable size (∼10-20 nm width and ∼0.5-10 nm height) can be successfully grown as a consequence of shadowing effects and low mobility of Fe and Pt on the rippled alumina surface. Moreover, the structure and magnetic properties of the FePt nanowires, which undergo a phase transition from a disordered A1 (soft) structure to a partially ordered L10 (hard) structure, can be modified upon annealing. We show that this behavior can be further exploited to change the effective uniaxial anisotropy of the system, which is determined by a strong interplay between the shape and magnetocrystalline anisotropies of the nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Garel
- Institut Pprime, Département Physique et Mécanique des Matériaux, UPR 3346 CNRS, Université de Poitiers, SP2MI, 11 Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie, BP 30179, 86962 Futuroscope Chasseneuil Cedex, France.
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Decorde N, Sangeetha NM, Viallet B, Viau G, Grisolia J, Coati A, Vlad A, Garreau Y, Ressier L. Small angle X-ray scattering coupled with in situ electromechanical probing of nanoparticle-based resistive strain gauges. Nanoscale 2014; 6:15107-15116. [PMID: 25371292 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04129a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study on the electromechanical behavior of nanoparticle-based resistive strain gauges in action through normal and grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/GISAXS) investigations is presented. The strain gauges were fabricated from arrays of colloidal gold nanoparticle (NP) wires assembled on flexible polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide substrates by convective self-assembly. Microstructural changes (mean interparticle distance variations) within these NP wires under uniaxial stretching estimated by SAXS/GISAXS are correlated to their macroscopic electrical resistance variations. SAXS measurements suggest a linear longitudinal extension and transversal contraction of the NP wires with applied strain (0 to ∼ 13%). The slope of this longitudinal variation is less than unity, implying a partial strain transfer from the substrate to the NP wires. The simultaneously measured electrical resistance of the strain gauges shows an exponential variation within the elastic domain of the substrate deformation, consistent with electron tunnelling through the interparticle gaps. A slower variation observed within the plastic domain suggests the formation of new electronic conduction pathways. Implications of transversal contraction of the NP wires on the directional sensitivities of strain gauges are evaluated by simulating electronic conduction in models mimicking a realistic NP arrangement. A loss of directionality of the NP-based strain gauges due to transversal current flow within the NP wires is deduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Decorde
- Université de Toulouse, LPCNO, INSA-CNRS-UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France.
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Bonilla FJ, Novikova A, Vidal F, Zheng Y, Fonda E, Demaille D, Schuler V, Coati A, Vlad A, Garreau Y, Sauvage Simkin M, Dumont Y, Hidki S, Etgens V. Combinatorial growth and anisotropy control of self-assembled epitaxial ultrathin alloy nanowires. ACS Nano 2013; 7:4022-4029. [PMID: 23627649 DOI: 10.1021/nn4000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled vertical epitaxial nanostructures form a new class of heterostructured materials that has emerged in recent years. Interestingly, such kind of architectures can be grown using combinatorial processes, implying sequential deposition of distinct materials. Although opening many perspectives, this combinatorial nature has not been fully exploited yet. This work demonstrates that the combinatorial character of the growth can be further exploited in order to obtain alloy nanowires coherently embedded in a matrix. This issue is illustrated in the case of a fully epitaxial system: CoxNi1-x nanowires in CeO2/SrTiO3(001). The advantage brought by the ability to grow alloys is illustrated by the control of the magnetic anisotropy of the nanowires when passing from pure Ni wires to CoxNi1-x alloys. Further exploitation of this combinatorial approach may pave the way toward full three-dimensional heteroepitaxial architectures through axial structuring of the wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Bonilla
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS UMR 7588, UPMC Université Paris 06, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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Prévot G, Coati A, Croset B, Garreau Y. Direct observation of elastic displacement modes by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction. J Appl Crystallogr 2007. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889807034115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
It is demonstrated that grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction is a direct tool for measuring the elastic displacement modes near the surface of a crystal. Due to the fact that X-ray diffraction is a Fourier transform of the electronic density, and thus, of the atomic positions, elastic displacement modes appear as additional spots in the reciprocal space. Their characteristics can be directly derived from the elastic constants of the material. Measuring the amplitude of the diffracted wave for these peaks allows direct determination of the force distribution at the surface, which is at the origin of the elastic displacements. Various examples of such determinations are given for self-organized surfaces and for vicinal surfaces.
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Etgens VH, de Camargo PC, Eddrief M, Mattana R, George JM, Garreau Y. Structure of ferromagnetic CrAs epilayers grown on GaAs(001). Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:167205. [PMID: 15169258 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.167205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic and structural properties of CrAs epilayers grown on GaAs(001) by molecular beam epitaxy have been studied. CrAs epilayers are orthorhombic for all thicknesses investigated but show a structural transition from a metastable phase for very thin films, to the usual bulk MnP-type orthorhombic phase at higher thicknesses. At intermediate thicknesses, there is a predominance of the new phase, although a contribution from the usual CrAs bulk phase remains clearly present. These results strongly suggest that the ferromagnetic signal measured at room temperature comes from the new metastable orthorhombic structure with an expanded b-axis induced by the substrate strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- V H Etgens
- Laboratoire de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie de Paris, CNRS-Universités Paris VI et VII, IPG-P, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris CEDEX, France.
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Abstract
The step period (Lambda) of vicinal surfaces can be used as a new parameter for the control of metallic heteroepitaxial growth. This is evidenced here in the case of Ag/Cu(211). The deposition of 1 monolayer (ML) exhibits a c(2 x 10) superstructure leading to the formation of [111] steps in the Ag adlayer in contrast with the original [100] steps for the Cu substrate. This wetting layer can be viewed as a (133) Ag plane and it will be the starting point for the epitaxial growth. The deposition of 4 ML shows that the thin Ag film results homogeneous and no twins or stacking faults are detected. Moreover, the film grows along the [133] axis which is the orientation that minimizes the misfit between Cu(211) and the Ag film. Thus, the use of a regular stepped substrate allows one to select the crystallographic orientation of the growth and seems to be a way to avoid the creation of stacking faults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Garreau
- LURE, bâtiment 209D, Université Paris XI, B P 34, 91898 Orsay cedex, France
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Padwa A, Chiacchio U, Garreau Y, Kassir JM, Krumpe KE, Schoffstall AM. Generation of vinylcarbenes by the intramolecular addition of .alpha.-diazo ketones to acetylenes. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00289a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Croset B, Girard Y, Prévot G, Sotto M, Garreau Y, Pinchaux R, Sauvage-Simkin M. Measuring surface stress discontinuities in self-organized systems with X rays. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:056103. [PMID: 11863753 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.056103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have performed a grazing incidence x-ray diffraction study of the self-organized N/Cu(001) system. Diffraction satellites associated with self-organization are particularly intense around Bragg conditions of the bulk crystal. Bulk elastic relaxations due to surface stress discontinuities at domain boundaries are responsible for this feature. A quantitative analysis shows that these relaxations, computed by molecular dynamics or continuum elasticity, explain very well the whole diffraction study. A difference in surface stress of 7 N m(-1) between uncovered and N-covered regions of the Cu surface is shown to be the driving force for self-organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Croset
- Groupe de Physique des Solides, Universités Paris 6 et 7, UMR-CNRS 75-88, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Sauvage-Simkin M, Garreau Y, Aïd K, Jedrecy N, Pinchaux R. Short and long-range order at surfaces probed by surface X-ray diffuse scattering. Acta Crystallogr A 2000. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767300021589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Robach O, Garreau Y, Aïd K, Véron-Jolliot MB. Corrections for surface X-ray diffraction measurements using theZ-axis geometry: finite size effects in direct and reciprocal space. J Appl Crystallogr 2000. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889800004696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray diffraction data have to be corrected by geometrical correction factors prior to any quantitative analysis. Here the case of grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements is considered, including the case of high exit angles. First, an approach taking into account the evolution of the diffracting area during an ω scan is presented. From the calculation of the effective part of the sample surface that participates in the diffraction phenomena at each step of the scan, a more accurate correction factor than those commonly used is derived and the evolution of the line shape along a zero-width rod is explained. Secondly, the case of finite-width rods, under the point-like sample approximation, is considered: the influence of the partial integration, as a result of the detector in-plane acceptance, of a rod with an anisotropic in-plane shape, is studied and leads to an analytical expression for the corresponding correction factor. Finally, a full numerical simulation is presented, which provides an alternative method for correcting the experimental intensities and shows in which conditions the previous formulae are no longer valid.
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Repain V, Berroir JM, Croset B, Rousset S, Garreau Y, Etgens VH, Lecoeur J. Interplay between atomic and mesoscopic order on gold vicinal surfaces. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 84:5367-5370. [PMID: 10990945 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.5367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Self-organization on Au(1,1,1) vicinal surfaces provides a unique opportunity to study the interplay between atomic and mesoscopic order. First, experimental results demonstrate the different interactions between steps and surface reconstruction on Au(1,1,1) vicinal surfaces. Depending on the step atomic structure, lines of discommensurations are found to be either parallel or perpendicular to the step edges. This leads to a complete understanding of the mesoscopic self-organization on theses surfaces, which drastically depends on the step structure. This points out the crucial role played by the edge energy cost which can monitor the faceting periodicity in a wide range of values.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Repain
- Groupe de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Universites Paris 7 et Paris 6, 2 Place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 5, France
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Garreau Y, Sauvage-Simkin M, Jedrecy N, Pinchaux R, Veron MB. Atomic structure and faulted boundaries in the GaAs(001) beta (2 x 4) surface as derived from x-ray diffraction and line-shape analysis. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 54:17638-17646. [PMID: 9985890 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.17638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Bellaiche L, Kunc K, Sauvage-Simkin M, Garreau Y, Pinchaux R. Local aspects of the As-stabilized 2 x 3 reconstructed (001) surface of strained Inx Ga1-xAs alloys: A first-principles study. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 53:7417-7420. [PMID: 9982189 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.7417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Sauvage-Simkin M, Garreau Y, Pinchaux R, Véron MB, Landesman JP, Nagle J. Commensurate and incommensurate phases at reconstructed (In,Ga)As(001) surfaces: x-ray diffraction evidence for a composition lock-in. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 75:3485-3488. [PMID: 10059598 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.3485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Issolah A, Garreau Y, Lévy B, Loupias G. Experimental check of core Compton profiles, calculated using a quasi-self-consistent-field method. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1991; 44:11029-11034. [PMID: 9999220 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.44.11029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Garreau Y, Lerch P, Jarlborg T, Walker E, Genoud P, Manuel AA, Peter M. Positron annihilation in a single crystal of CoSi2: Experiment and theory. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1991; 43:14532-14539. [PMID: 9997344 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.14532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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