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Jepson BM, Metz TD, Miller TA, Son SL, Ou Z, Presson AP, Nance A, Pinto NM. Pregnancy loss in major fetal congenital heart disease: incidence, risk factors and timing. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2023; 62:75-87. [PMID: 37099500 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fetuses with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at increased risk of pregnancy loss compared with the general population. We aimed to assess the incidence, timing and risk factors of pregnancy loss in cases with major fetal CHD, overall and according to cardiac diagnosis. METHODS This was a retrospective, population-level cohort study of fetuses and infants diagnosed with major CHD between 1997 and 2018 identified by the Utah Birth Defect Network (UBDN), excluding cases with termination of pregnancy and minor cardiovascular diagnoses (e.g. isolated aortic/pulmonary pathology and isolated septal defects). The incidence and timing of pregnancy loss were recorded, overall and according to CHD diagnosis, with further stratification based on presence of isolated CHD vs additional fetal diagnosis (genetic diagnosis and/or extracardiac malformation). Adjusted risk of pregnancy loss was calculated and risk factors were assessed using multivariable models for the overall cohort and prenatal diagnosis subgroup. RESULTS Of 9351 UBDN cases with a cardiovascular code, 3251 cases with major CHD were identified, resulting in a study cohort of 3120 following exclusion of cases with pregnancy termination (n = 131). There were 2956 (94.7%) live births and 164 (5.3%) cases of pregnancy loss, which occurred at a median gestational age of 27.3 weeks. Of study cases, 1848 (59.2%) had isolated CHD and 1272 (40.8%) had an additional fetal diagnosis, including 736 (57.9%) with a genetic diagnosis and 536 (42.1%) with an extracardiac malformation. The observed incidence of pregnancy loss was highest in the presence of mitral stenosis (< 13.5%), hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) (10.7%), double-outlet right ventricle with normally related great vessels or not otherwise specified (10.5%) and Ebstein's anomaly (9.9%). The adjusted risk of pregnancy loss was 5.3% (95% CI, 3.7-7.6%) in the overall CHD population and 1.4% (95% CI, 0.9-2.3%) in cases with isolated CHD (adjusted risk ratio, 9.0 (95% CI, 6.0-13.0) and 2.0 (95% CI, 1.0-6.0), respectively, based on the general population risk of 0.6%). On multivariable analysis, variables associated with pregnancy loss in the overall CHD population included female fetal sex (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.6 (95% CI, 1.1-2.3)), Hispanic ethnicity (aOR, 1.6 (95% CI, 1.0-2.5)), hydrops (aOR, 6.7 (95% CI, 4.3-10.5)) and additional fetal diagnosis (aOR, 6.3 (95% CI, 4.1-10)). On multivariable analysis of the prenatal diagnosis subgroup, years of maternal education (aOR, 1.2 (95% CI, 1.0-1.4)), presence of an additional fetal diagnosis (aOR, 2.7 (95% CI, 1.4-5.6)), atrioventricular valve regurgitation ≥ moderate (aOR, 3.6 (95% CI, 1.3-8.8)) and ventricular dysfunction (aOR, 3.8 (95% CI, 1.2-11.1)) were associated with pregnancy loss. Diagnostic groups associated with pregnancy loss were HLHS and variants (aOR, 3.0 (95% CI, 1.7-5.3)), other single ventricles (aOR, 2.4 (95% CI, 1.1-4.9)) and other (aOR, 0.1 (95% CI, 0-0.97)). Time-to-pregnancy-loss analysis demonstrated a steeper survival curve for cases with an additional fetal diagnosis, indicating a higher rate of pregnancy loss compared to cases with isolated CHD (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The risk of pregnancy loss is higher in cases with major fetal CHD compared with the general population and varies according to CHD type and presence of additional fetal diagnoses. Improved understanding of the incidence, risk factors and timing of pregnancy loss in CHD cases should inform patient counseling, antenatal surveillance and delivery planning. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Jepson
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - T D Metz
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - T A Miller
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - S L Son
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Z Ou
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A P Presson
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A Nance
- Utah Birth Defect Network, Office of Children with Special Healthcare Needs, Division of Family Health, Utah Department of Health and Human Services, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - N M Pinto
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Luo W, He Y, Xu J, Zhang S, Li C, Lv J, Shen Y, Ou Z, Dong H. Comparison of Third-Generation Sequencing Technology and Traditional Microbiological Detection in Pathogen Diagnosis of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection. Discov Med 2023; 35:332-342. [PMID: 37272100 DOI: 10.24976/discov.med.202335176.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is common to obtain a low detection rate and unsatisfactory detection results in complex infection or rare pathogen detection. This retrospective study aimed to illustrate the application value and prospect of the third-generation sequencing technology in lower respiratory tract infection disease. METHODS This study recruited 70 patients with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). Pathogen detection of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from all patients was performed using nanopore metagenomic sequencing technology and traditional culture. BALF culture combined with quantitiative PCR (qPCR) was used as a reference standard to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of nanopore sequencing technology. The current study also collected the examination results of enrolled samples using technical methods sputum culture, tuberculosis DNA (TB-DNA), and Xpert MTB/RIF and analyzed the detection efficiency of nanopore sequencing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. RESULTS The positive rates of pathogens in 70 BALF samples detected by conventional culture and nanopore sequencing were 25.71% and 84.29%, respectively. Among the 59 positive BALF cases using nanopore sequencing, a total of 31 pathogens were identified, of which the proportions of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other pathogens were 50%, 17%, 32%, and 1%, respectively. Using the results combined with culture and qPCR detection methods as the standard, the pathogen detection of BALF using nanopore sequencing had a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 91.7%. Additionally, the positive rate of the detection of M. tuberculosis using nanopore sequencing was 33.3% (6/18). The clinical medication plans of 74.3% (52/70) of the patients were referred to the nanopore sequencing results, of which 31 cases changed their treatment strategy, 21 supported the previous treatment plans, and 90% (47/52) of the patients finally had clinical improvement. CONCLUSIONS BALF detection using nanopore sequencing technology improves the process of detecting pathogens in patients with LRTI, especially for M. tuberculosis, fungi, and viruses, by reducing the report time from three days to six hours. The clinical application prospect of nanopore sequencing technology is promising in the pathogen diagnosis of LRTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Zengcheng Branch of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 511300 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanbin He
- Dian Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang Province, 310030 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhui Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Zengcheng Branch of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 511300 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Zengcheng Branch of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 511300 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunxi Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 511300 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangfeng Lv
- Dian Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang Province, 310030 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Youfeng Shen
- Chongqing Precision Medical Industry Technology Research Institute, 400000 Chongqing, China
| | - Zhao Ou
- Dian Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., 310000 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang Province, 310030 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hangming Dong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 511300 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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May L, Cabrera A, Wilkes J, Ou Z, Stehlik J, Keenan H. Regional Incidence of Pediatric Heart Failure, Cohort Characteristics, and Outcomes. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Chen W, Yao M, Chen M, Ou Z, Yang Q, He Y, Zhang N, Deng M, Wu Y, Chen R, Tan X, Kong Z. Using an untargeted metabolomics approach to analyze serum metabolites in COVID-19 patients with nucleic acid turning negative. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:964037. [PMID: 36091834 PMCID: PMC9449332 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.964037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe public health issue that has infected millions of people. The effective prevention and control of COVID-19 has resulted in a considerable increase in the number of cured cases. However, little research has been done on a complete metabonomic examination of metabolic alterations in COVID-19 patients following treatment. The current project pursues rigorously to characterize the variation of serum metabolites between healthy controls and COVID-19 patients with nucleic acid turning negative via untargeted metabolomics. Methods: The metabolic difference between 20 COVID-19 patients (CT ≥ 35) and 20 healthy controls were investigated utilizing untargeted metabolomics analysis employing High-resolution UHPLC-MS/MS. COVID-19 patients’ fundamental clinical indicators, as well as health controls, were also collected. Results: Out of the 714 metabolites identified, 203 still significantly differed between COVID-19 patients and healthy controls, including multiple amino acids, fatty acids, and glycerophospholipids. The clinical indexes including monocytes, lymphocytes, albumin concentration, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin have also differed between our two groups of participators. Conclusion: Our results clearly showed that in COVID-19 patients with nucleic acid turning negative, their metabolism was still dysregulated in amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism, which could be the mechanism of long-COVID and calls for specific post-treatment care to help COVID-19 patients recover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Chen
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ming Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Ou
- Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yanbin He
- Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Deng
- Department of Infection, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yuqi Wu
- Calibra Lab at DIAN Diagnostics, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaoli Tan
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoli Tan, ; Ziqing Kong,
| | - Ziqing Kong
- Calibra Lab at DIAN Diagnostics, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoli Tan, ; Ziqing Kong,
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May L, Cabrera A, Wilkes J, Ou Z, Tristani-Firouzi M, Stehlik J, Keenan H. Challenges in Using ICD-10 Codes for Case Ascertainment in Pediatric Heart Failure. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Deng Y, Ou Z, Liang Y, Chen Z, Sun L. [Efficacy of vaginal administration of Crinone versus Utrogestan combined with oral dydrogesterone tablets for luteal support in PGT freeze-thaw embryo transfer cycles]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2021; 41:1062-1066. [PMID: 34308857 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.07.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of two vaginal progesterone formulations, Crinone gel or Utrogestan capsules, combined with dydrogesterone tablets, for luteal phase support in pre-implantation genetic testing (PGT) freeze-thaw embryo transfer (FET) cycles. METHODS We analyzed 209 FET cycles in patients undergoing PGT-blastocyst transfer in our center between June, 2017 and June, 2020. The patients received vaginal administration of either Crinone gel (n=135) or Utrogestan capsules (n=74) combined with oral dydrogesterone tablets for luteal supplementation, and the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and miscarriage rate (MR) were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The Crinone gel and Utrogestan capsule groups were comparable for age, duration of infertility, AMH, AFC, BMI, basal FSH, LH, and E2 (P > 0.05). The gonadotrophin dose, duration of stimulation, levels of LH, E2, P and endometrial thickness on hCG day, and the numbers of oocytes retrieved, MII oocytes, 2PN and blastocysts did not differ significantly between two groups (P > 0.05). In FET cycles, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in the duration of endometrial preparation, P and endometrial thickness on endometrial transformation day, biochemical pregnancy rate (69.63% vs 78.38%), CPR (62.96% vs 72.97%), MR (12.94% vs 11.11%), vaginal bleeding rate in early pregnancy (20% vs 27.78%), or MR in patients with vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy (35.29% vs 20%) (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Crinone gel and Utrogestan capsules combined with oral dydrogesterone have similar clinical efficacy for luteal support in PGT FET cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Deng
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Z Ou
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Y Liang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Z Chen
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - L Sun
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, China
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Zhuang W, Peng L, Ding Y, Xiao H, Tang Y, Xu E, He Z, Ou Z, Zhu Q, Wu H, Gao Z, Huang S, Qiao G. FP04.03 Dynamic Liquid Biopsy for Selecting Advanced NSCLC Patients for Primary Tumor Resection After Targeted Therapy. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ou Z, Spring L, Nohria A, Seeger J, Doucette J, Cohen A, Murimi-Worstell I. PCN83 Real-World Prescription Patterns of HER2+/HR- Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients after Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine Approval: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Electronic Health Record DATA with Cancer Registries. Value Health Reg Issues 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2020.07.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ou Z. PNS52 Valuating Pharmaceutical Innovations Beyond Qalys: A Comprehensive Analysis of VALUE-Based Pricing Models. Value Health Reg Issues 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2020.07.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sirota M, Heyrend C, Ou Z, Masotti S, Griffiths E, Molina K. Tacrolimus Trough Variability- Predictors and Outcomes in Pediatric Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Griffiths E, Schumacher K, DiPaola F, Chen S, Gerrish H, West S, Nandi D, McCulloch M, O'Connor M, Zangwill S, Lee T, Friedland-Little J, Carlo W, Alejos J, Lambert L, Rezvani M, Shaaban A, Ou Z, Molina K. The Fontan Liver after Cardiac Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Lal A, Wittlieb-Weber C, Villa C, Conway J, Bock M, Gambetta K, Schumacher K, Law S, Deshpande S, West S, Friedland-Little J, Lytrivi I, McCulloch M, Butts R, Knecht K, Ou Z, Presson A, Johnson J. The Role of Prophylactic Heart Failure Therapy in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.01.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Tang W, Deng X, Ou Z, Gan J, Dong Q, Tan B, Lu L, Chen B, Bao C, Li S, Thomas B, Yu JC. Abstract P6-17-39: BAT8001, a potent anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate with a novel stable linker for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p6-17-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Overexpression of HER2 occurs in approximately 20% of breast cancers and is associated with shortened survival. Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), an anti-HER2 ADC, has shown efficacy in HER2-positive breast cancer patients and was approved by the FDA and EMA for advanced HER2-positive breast cancer. However T-DM1 causes grade 3 and 4 thrombocytopenia in up to 14.5% of patients as its major toxicity. The thrombocytopenia is likely caused by one of T-DM1's catabolites and payload, DM1, indicating T-DM1's linker can be cleaved. Here we adopted a novel noncleavable linker and created an anti-HER2 ADC, BAT8001, which is expected be efficacious in HER2-positive breast cancer and have a better side effect profile relative to T-DM1 due to the stability of BAT8001's noncleavable linker. BAT8001 is internalized in HER2-positive cancer cells. It inhibits proliferation of HER2-positive tumor cells with IC50s of ˜0.1 nM, similar to the potency of T-DM1. BAT8001 also induces apoptosis in HER2-positive cancer cells. In both cell-line and patient-derived mouse xenograft (PDX) models, BAT8001 demonstrates strong inhibition activity on tumor growth. For example, in a cell-line model of breast cancer (BT474), BAT8001 demonstrates potent activity with complete responses in all animals tested at the 15mg/kg dose level. Pharmacokinetics studies in monkey reveals BAT8001 has similar Cmax, AUC, and t1/2 as T-DM1. The major catabolite of BAT8001 is the Cys-linker-payload containing product. No free payload is observed. This compares favorably with T-DM1 where free DM1, T-DM1's payload, is one of the major catabolites. In a multiple dose toxicity study, BAT8001 had a NOAEL of 15 mg/kg versus 10 mg/kg for T-DM1. BAT8001 exhibits similar potency to T-DM1 on inhibiting HER2-positive cell proliferation and tumor growth, yet demonstrates better multiple dose toxicity than T-DM1. The improved toxicity profile of BAT8001 suggests that the novel noncleavable linker utilized in BAT8001 is more stable than the linker utilized in T-DM1. BAT8001 is very efficacious in cell-line xenograft models of breast cancer. The preclinical profile of BAT8001 warrants further development for the treatment of breast cancer and other HER2-positive cancers.
Citation Format: Tang W, Deng X, Ou Z, Gan J, Dong Q, Tan B, Lu L, Chen B, Bao C, Li S, Thomas B, Yu J-C. BAT8001, a potent anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate with a novel stable linker for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-17-39.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Tang
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X Deng
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Z Ou
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J Gan
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q Dong
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Tan
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - L Lu
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Chen
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - C Bao
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - S Li
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - B Thomas
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J-C Yu
- Bio-Thera Solutions, Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Alvarenga IC, Aldrich CG, Ou Z. 223 Comparison of four digestibility markers to estimate fecal output of dogs. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ou Z, Chen Y, Niu X, He W, Song B, Fan D, Sun X. High-mobility group box 1 regulates cytoprotective autophagy in a mouse spermatocyte cell line (GC-2spd) exposed to cadmium. Ir J Med Sci 2017; 186:1041-1050. [PMID: 28389990 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-017-1595-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental and industrial pollutant that induces a broad spectrum of toxicological effects, influences a variety of human organs, and is associated with poor semen quality and male infertility. Increasing evidence demonstrates that Cd induces testicular germ cell apoptosis in rodent animals. However, the specific effect of Cd exposure on autophagy in germ cells is poorly understood. METHODS We investigate the role of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), a ubiquitous nuclear protein, on Cd-evoked autophagy in a mouse spermatocyte cell line (GC-2spd). RESULTS Our data have shown that autophagy was significantly elevated in GC-2spd cells exposed to Cd. Furthermore, there was a reduction in rapamycin (RAP)-mediated apoptosis. In addition, Cd exposure reduced cell viability, which is an effect that could be significantly inhibited by RAP treatment. These results indicate that autophagy appears to serve a positive function in reducing Cd-induced cytotoxicity. In addition, HMGB1 increased coincident with the processing of LC3-I to LC3-II. Thus, the upregulation of HMGB1 increases LC3-II levels. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that HMGB1-induced autophagy appears to act as a defense/survival mechanism against Cd cytotoxicity in GC-2spd cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ou
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Chen
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - X Niu
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - W He
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - B Song
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - D Fan
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - X Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Y, Ou Z, Sun Y, Yeh S, Wang X, Long J, Chang C. Androgen receptor promotes melanoma metastasis via altering the miRNA-539-3p/USP13/MITF/AXL signals. Oncogene 2016; 36:1644-1654. [PMID: 27869170 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Early studies demonstrated that male melanoma patients have worse survival than female patients, yet the detailed mechanisms for this gender difference remain unclear. We analyzed around 100 cases of human melanoma and found that androgen receptor (AR) positive melanoma patients have worse survival outcomes compared with AR-negative melanoma patients. Here we report that AR can have positive roles to increase melanoma cell invasion in multiple cell lines in vitro and a mouse model in vivo. Mechanism dissection suggest that AR increases melanoma cell invasion via modulating the MITF-AXL signals via altering the miRNA-539-3p/USP13 signaling to increase MITF protein degradation through a reduction of de-ubiquitination. Restoring MITF can reverse AR-enhanced melanoma cell invasion. Together, our results demonstrate that AR can promote melanoma metastasis via altering the miRNA-539-3p/USP13/MITF/AXL signal and targeting this newly identified signal with AR degradation enhancer ASC-J9 may help us to better suppress the melanoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Departments of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
| | - Z Ou
- Departments of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
| | - Y Sun
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
| | - S Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
| | - X Wang
- Departments of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - J Long
- Departments of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - C Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA.,Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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17
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Ou Z, Tempelman RJ, Steibel JP, Ernst CW, Bates RO, Chen C, Bello NM. 0305 Heteroskedastic extensions for genome-wide association studies. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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18
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Sun X, Ou Z, Xie M, Kang R, Fan Y, Niu X, Wang H, Cao L, Tang D. HSPB1 as a novel regulator of ferroptotic cancer cell death. Oncogene 2015; 34:5617-25. [PMID: 25728673 PMCID: PMC4640181 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death, but its molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1) is a negative regulator of ferroptotic cancer cell death. Erastin, a specific ferroptosis-inducing compound, stimulates heat shock factor 1 (HSF1)-dependent HSPB1 expression in cancer cells. Knockdown of HSF1 and HSPB1 enhances erastin-induced ferroptosis, whereas heat shock pretreatment and overexpression of HSPB1 inhibits erastin-induced ferroptosis. Protein kinase C-mediated HSPB1 phosphorylation confers protection against ferroptosis by reducing iron-mediated production of lipid reactive oxygen species. Moreover, inhibition of the HSF1-HSPB1 pathway and HSPB1 phosphorylation increases the anticancer activity of erastin in human xenograft mouse tumor models. Our findings reveal an essential role for HSPB1 in iron metabolism with important effects on ferroptosis-mediated cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Ou
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - M Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - R Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Y Fan
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Niu
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - L Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - D Tang
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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19
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Gong L, Gong H, Pan X, Chang C, Ou Z, Ye S, Yin L, Yang L, Tao T, Zhang Z, Liu C, Lane DP, Peng J, Chen J. p53 isoform Δ113p53/Δ133p53 promotes DNA double-strand break repair to protect cell from death and senescence in response to DNA damage. Cell Res 2015; 25:351-69. [PMID: 25698579 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2015.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory role of p53 in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair seems contradictory to its tumor-suppressing property. The p53 isoform Δ113p53/Δ133p53 is a p53 target gene that antagonizes p53 apoptotic activity. However, information on its functions in DNA damage repair is lacking. Here we report that Δ113p53 expression is strongly induced by γ-irradiation, but not by UV-irradiation or heat shock treatment. Strikingly, Δ113p53 promotes DNA DSB repair pathways, including homologous recombination, non-homologous end joining and single-strand annealing. To study the biological significance of Δ113p53 in promoting DNA DSB repair, we generated a zebrafish Δ113p53(M/M) mutant via the transcription activator-like effector nuclease technique and found that the mutant is more sensitive to γ-irradiation. The human ortholog, Δ133p53, is also only induced by γ-irradiation and functions to promote DNA DSB repair. Δ133p53-knockdown cells were arrested at the G2 phase at the later stage in response to γ-irradiation due to a high level of unrepaired DNA DSBs, which finally led to cell senescence. Furthermore, Δ113p53/Δ133p53 promotes DNA DSB repair via upregulating the transcription of repair genes rad51, lig4 and rad52 by binding to a novel type of p53-responsive element in their promoters. Our results demonstrate that Δ113p53/Δ133p53 is an evolutionally conserved pro-survival factor for DNA damage stress by preventing apoptosis and promoting DNA DSB repair to inhibit cell senescence. Our data also suggest that the induction of Δ133p53 expression in normal cells or tissues provides an important tolerance marker for cancer patients to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gong
- Key laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences
| | - Hongjian Gong
- Key laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences
| | - Xiao Pan
- Key laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences
| | - Changqing Chang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510650, China
| | - Zhao Ou
- Key laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences
| | - Shengfan Ye
- Key laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences
| | - Le Yin
- Key laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences
| | - Lina Yang
- Key laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences
| | - Ting Tao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhenjiang 310058, China
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, and Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Developmental and Stem Cell Institute, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - David P Lane
- Biomedical Research Council, Agency for Science and Technology Research, Singapore
| | - Jinrong Peng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhenjiang 310058, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences
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20
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Shi H, Tao T, Huang D, Ou Z, Chen J, Peng J. A naturally occurring 4-bp deletion in the intron 4 of p53 creates a spectrum of novel p53 isoforms with anti-apoptosis function. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 43:1035-43. [PMID: 25550427 PMCID: PMC4333405 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 functions as a tumor suppressor by transcriptionally regulating the expression of genes involved in controlling cell proliferation or apoptosis. p53 and its isoform Δ133p53/Δ113p53 form a negative regulation loop in that p53 activates the expression of Δ133p53/Δ113p53 while Δ133p53/Δ113p53 specifically antagonizes p53 apoptotic activity. This pathway is especially important to safeguard the process of embryogenesis because sudden activation of p53 by DNA damage signals or developmental stress is detrimental to a developing embryo. Here we report the identification of five novel p53 isoforms. p53β is generated due to alternative splicing of the intron 8 of p53 while the other four, namely, TA2p53, TA3p53, TA4p53 and TA5p53, result from the combination of alternative splicing of intron 1 (within intron 4 of the p53 gene) of the Δ113p53 gene and a naturally occurring CATT 4 bp deletion within the alternative splicing product in zebrafish. The CATT 4 bp deletion creates four translation start codons which are in-frame to the open reading frame of Δ113p53. We also show that TAp53 shares the same promoter with Δ113p53 and functions to antagonize p53 apoptotic activity. The identification of Δ113p53/TA2/3/4/5p53 reveals a pro-survival mechanism which operates robustly during embryogenesis in response to the DNA-damage condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting Tao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Delai Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhao Ou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinrong Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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21
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Ou Z, Yin L, Chang C, Peng J, Chen J. Protein interaction between p53 and Δ113p53 is required for the anti-apoptotic function of Δ113p53. J Genet Genomics 2014; 41:53-62. [PMID: 24576456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish Δ113p53, an N-terminal truncated p53 isoform, is a p53-target gene that antagonises p53-mediated apoptotic activity. Interestingly, Δ113p53 does not act on p53 in a dominant-negative manner, but rather interferes with the p53 function by differentially modulating p53-target gene expression to protect cells from apoptosis. Previous studies showed that over-expressed Δ113p53 and p53 proteins formed a complex. However, it is not known whether endogenous p53 and Δ113p53 proteins also interact with each other, and if this interaction is required for Δ113p53 to inhibit the apoptotic activity of full-length p53. In this study, we used two available zebrafish p53 antibodies to address these questions. One, Zfp53-N, only recognises full-length p53, whereas the other, Zfp53-A7C10, detects both full-length p53 and Δ113p53. Using Zfp53-N for immunoprecipitation and Zfp53-A7C10 for detection, we demonstrated that endogenous Δ113p53 and full-length p53 induced by a DNA-damaging drug formed a complex in vivo. Furthermore, of the six Δ113p53 mutants we generated with different point mutations in the oligomerisation domain, two failed to interact with p53 and lost the ability to modulate p53-target gene expression and inhibit p53-induced cell apoptosis. However, those Δ113p53 mutants that could interact with p53 retained the ability to antagonise the apoptotic activity of p53. Therefore, our data demonstrated that protein-protein interaction between Δ113p53 and p53 is essential for the anti-apoptotic function of Δ113p53. In addition, the two Δ113p53 mutants that failed to interact with p53 are also useful for the study of the mechanisms of other functions of Δ113p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Le Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Changqing Chang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jinrong Peng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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22
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Pang K, Tang Q, Schiffbauer JD, Yao J, Yuan X, Wan B, Chen L, Ou Z, Xiao S. The nature and origin of nucleus-like intracellular inclusions in Paleoproterozoic eukaryote microfossils. Geobiology 2013; 11:499-510. [PMID: 24033870 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The well-known debate on the nature and origin of intracellular inclusions (ICIs) in silicified microfossils from the early Neoproterozoic Bitter Springs Formation has recently been revived by reports of possible fossilized nuclei in phosphatized animal embryo-like fossils from the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation of South China. The revisitation of this discussion prompted a critical and comprehensive investigation of ICIs in some of the oldest indisputable eukaryote microfossils-the ornamented acritarchs Dictyosphaera delicata and Shuiyousphaeridium macroreticulatum from the Paleoproterozoic Ruyang Group of North China-using a suite of characterization approaches: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). Although the Ruyang acritarchs must have had nuclei when alive, our data suggest that their ICIs represent neither fossilized nuclei nor taphonomically condensed cytoplasm. We instead propose that these ICIs likely represent biologically contracted and consolidated eukaryotic protoplasts (the combination of the nucleus, surrounding cytoplasm, and plasma membrane). As opposed to degradational contraction of prokaryotic cells within a mucoidal sheath-a model proposed to explain the Bitter Springs ICIs-our model implies that protoplast condensation in the Ruyang acritarchs was an in vivo biologically programmed response to adverse conditions in preparation for encystment. While the discovery of bona fide nuclei in Paleoproterozoic acritarchs would be a substantial landmark in our understanding of eukaryote evolution, the various processes (such as degradational and biological condensation of protoplasts) capable of producing nuclei-mimicking structures require that interpretation of ICIs as fossilized nuclei be based on comprehensive investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Paleobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; Department of Geosciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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23
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Ou Z, Zhan R, Tomachynski LA, Chernii VY, Kadish KM. Electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry of zirconium(IV) and hafnium(IV) phthalocyanines with b-diketone axial ligands. MACROHETEROCYCLES 2011. [DOI: 10.6060/mhc2011.3.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Dhar SU, del Gaudio D, German JR, Peters SU, Ou Z, Bader PI, Berg JS, Blazo M, Brown CW, Graham BH, Grebe TA, Lalani S, Irons M, Sparagana S, Williams M, Phillips JA, Beaudet AL, Stankiewicz P, Patel A, Cheung SW, Sahoo T. 22q13.3 deletion syndrome: clinical and molecular analysis using array CGH. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:573-81. [PMID: 20186804 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The 22q13.3 deletion syndrome results from loss of terminal segments of varying sizes at 22qter. Few genotype-phenotype correlations have been found but all patients have mental retardation and severe delay, or absence of, expressive speech. We carried out clinical and molecular characterization of 13 patients. Developmental delay and speech abnormalities were common to all and comparable in frequency and severity to previously reported cases. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization showed the deletions to vary from 95 kb to 8.5 Mb. We also carried out high-resolution 244K array comparative genomic hybridization in 10 of 13 patients, that defined the proximal and distal breakpoints of each deletion and helped determine the size, extent, and gene content within the deletion. Two patients had a smaller 95 kb terminal deletion with breakpoints within the SHANK3 gene while three other patients had a similar 5.5 Mb deletion implying the recurrent nature of these deletions. The two largest deletions were found in patients with ring chromosome 22. No correlation could be made with deletion size and phenotype although complete/partial SHANK3 was deleted in all patients. There are very few reports on array comparative genomic hybridization analysis on patients with the 22q13.3 deletion syndrome, and we aim to accurately characterize these patients both clinically and at the molecular level, to pave the way for further genotype-phenotype correlations. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- S U Dhar
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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25
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Erez A, Li J, Geraghty M, Ben-Shachar S, Cooper M, Mensing D, Vonalt K, Ou Z, Pursley A, Chinault A, Patel A, Cheung S, Sahoo T. Mosaic deletion 11p13 in a child with dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency-Case report and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:732-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Ou Z, Zeng X, Li J, Tang L, Gu X, Shen Z, Shao Z. Coexpression and Synergistic Role of Multiple Atypical Chemokine Binders in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-4166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The expression and role of Duffy antigen receptor for chemokine (DARC), D6 and ChemoCentryx chemokine receptor (CCX-CKR) in breast cancer have already been studied independently in the past several years. However, the relationship and importance of these atypical chemokine binders (ACB) are still unclear. In this large scale clinical study, we invastigated the characteristics of multiple ACB simultaneously. Material and Methods: The protein levels of DARC, D6 and CCX-CKR were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 517 patients with invasive breast cancer, 29 patients with noninvasive breast cancer. All of these cases come from the Cancer Hospital of Fudan University during 2001-2006, with complete clinicopathological data and follow-up data, including survival information. Results: In the invasive breast cancer patients, triple, double and single positive expression of these ACB were 135 cases (26.1%), 154 cases (29.8%) and 121 cases (23.4%), respectively. On the other hand, 107 cases (20.7%) were complete negative. The triple positive staining was significantly conversely correlated with lymph node metastasis, disease stage, relapse-free survival (RFS) as well as overall survival (OS). DARC, D6, and CCX-CKR were independent factors that influenced lymph node metastasis and their coexpression was favorable prognostic factor for RFS and OS. Discussion: Our results confirmed that DARC, D6, and CCX-CKR play a negative role in breast cancer. Furthermore, their triple or double high coexpression is more favorable for the patients, suggesting that multiple ACB may provide better protection against metastasis and relapse by synergistically regulating chemokine network in breast cancer.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4166.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Ou
- 1Breast Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - X. Zeng
- 1Breast Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - J. Li
- 1Breast Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - L. Tang
- 1Breast Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - X. Gu
- 1Breast Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Z. Shen
- 1Breast Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Z. Shao
- 1Breast Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
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27
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Ou Z, Wang L, Hong X, Shen Z, Shao Z. Overexpression or Lack of beta 2-Adrenergic Receptor Correlate with Progression of Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-4165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Recent studies showed that stress can modulate biological behavior of ovarian carcinoma through adrenergic receptors. Since both nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol and selective beta 2-adrenergic receptor (b2AR) antagonist ICI 118,551 instead of b1AR antagonist atenolol could eliminate most of the effects, b2AR is accordingly regarded as the key molecule. In this study, we investigated the role of b2AR in breast cancer. Material and Methods: Gene expression of b2AR was analyzed by RT-PCR in human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, MDA-MB-468, MCF-7, T47D, BT-549, HCC1937, BCaP-37 and normal mammary epithelial-like cell line HBL-100. b2AR cDNA was transfected into MDA-MB-435 cells. Protein level of b2AR was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in clinical samples, including 25 normal human breast or benign disease breast tissues and 202 breast cancer tissues. Results: b2AR was detected in majority of breast cancer cell lines, except for MDA-MB-435, MCF-7 and T47D, and all of normal or benign disease breast tissues. Both nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor agonist norepinephrine (NE) and selective b2AR agonist terbutaline promoted proliferation and invasion of spontaneous b2AR-positive MDA-MB-231 cells and transfectant MDA-MB-435-b2AR cells, these effects were completely inhibited by selective b2AR antagonist ICI 118,551. In the breast cancer patients, 125 samples (61.9%) expressed b2AR weakly or moderately just as normal breast or benign diseases tissue, and 43 (21.3%) presented significantly stronger b2AR expression, while no b2AR staining was found in other 34 samples (16.8%). Higher expression or lack of b2AR were associated with axillary lymph nodes metastasis and poor disease free survival (DFS). Discussion: Based on our preliminary results, the breast cancer patients could be classified into three subgroups: b2AR “normal”, high expression and negative groups. Overexpression or lack of b2AR associated with metastasis and clinical prognosis in breast cancer. Obviously, abnormal expression of b2AR may influence the outcome of breast cancer.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4165.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Ou
- 1Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - L. Wang
- 1Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - X. Hong
- 1Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z. Shen
- 1Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z. Shao
- 1Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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28
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Ou Z, Yang G. Asymmetric reduction of β-carbonyl phenylpropionate by undifferentiated cells of white turnip in phosphate buffer/organic solvent. N Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.06.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Nagamani SCS, Zhang F, Shchelochkov OA, Bi W, Ou Z, Scaglia F, Probst FJ, Shinawi M, Eng C, Hunter JV, Sparagana S, Lagoe E, Fong CT, Pearson M, Doco-Fenzy M, Landais E, Mozelle M, Chinault AC, Patel A, Bacino CA, Sahoo T, Kang SH, Cheung SW, Lupski JR, Stankiewicz P. Microdeletions including YWHAE in the Miller-Dieker syndrome region on chromosome 17p13.3 result in facial dysmorphisms, growth restriction, and cognitive impairment. J Med Genet 2009; 46:825-33. [PMID: 19584063 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2009.067637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deletions in the 17p13.3 region are associated with abnormal neuronal migration. Point mutations or deletion copy number variants of the PAFAH1B1 gene in this genomic region cause lissencephaly, whereas extended deletions involving both PAFAH1B1 and YWHAE result in Miller-Dieker syndrome characterised by facial dysmorphisms and a more severe grade of lissencephaly. The phenotypic consequences of YWHAE deletion without deletion of PAFAH1B1 have not been studied systematically. METHODS We performed a detailed clinical and molecular characterization of five patients with deletions involving YWHAE but not PAFAH1B1, two with deletion including PAFAH1B1 but not YWHAE, and one with deletion of YWHAE and mosaic for deletion of PAFAH1B1. RESULTS Three deletions were terminal whereas five were interstitial. Patients with deletions including YWHAE but not PAFAH1B1 presented with significant growth restriction, cognitive impairment, shared craniofacial features, and variable structural abnormalities of the brain. Growth restriction was not observed in one patient with deletion of YWHAE and TUSC5, implying that other genes in the region may have a role in regulation of growth with CRK being the most likely candidate. Using array based comparative genomic hybridisation and long range polymerase chain reaction, we have delineated the breakpoints of these nonrecurrent deletions and show that the interstitial genomic rearrangements are likely generated by diverse mechanisms, including the recently described Fork Stalling and Template Switching (FoSTeS)/Microhomology Mediated Break Induced Replication (MMBIR). CONCLUSIONS Microdeletions of chromosome 17p13.3 involving YWHAE present with growth restriction, craniofacial dysmorphisms, structural abnormalities of brain and cognitive impairment. The interstitial deletions are mediated by diverse molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Sreenath Nagamani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Yatsenko SA, Kruer MC, Bader PI, Corzo D, Schuette J, Keegan CE, Nowakowska B, Peacock S, Cai WW, Peiffer DA, Gunderson KL, Ou Z, Chinault AC, Cheung SW. Identification of critical regions for clinical features of distal 10q deletion syndrome. Clin Genet 2009; 76:54-62. [PMID: 19558528 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2008.01115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Array comparative genomic hybridization studies were performed to further characterize cytogenetic abnormalities found originally by karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization in five clinical cases of distal 10q deletions, including several with complex cytogenetic rearrangements and one with a partial male-to-female sex-reversal phenotype. These results have enabled us to narrow the previously proposed critical regions for the craniofacial, urogenital, and neuropsychiatric disease-related manifestations associated with distal 10q deletion syndrome. Furthermore, we propose that haploinsufficiency of the DOCK1 gene may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the 10q deletion syndrome. We hypothesize that alteration of DOCK1 and/or other genes involved in regulation and signaling of multiple pathways can explain the wide range of phenotypic variability between patients with similar or identical cytogenetic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Yatsenko
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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31
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Lalani SR, Thakuria JV, Cox GF, Wang X, Bi W, Bray MS, Shaw C, Cheung SW, Chinault AC, Boggs BA, Ou Z, Brundage EK, Lupski JR, Gentile J, Waisbren S, Pursley A, Ma L, Khajavi M, Zapata G, Friedman R, Kim JJ, Towbin JA, Stankiewicz P, Schnittger S, Hansmann I, Ai T, Sood S, Wehrens XH, Martin JF, Belmont JW, Potocki L. 20p12.3 microdeletion predisposes to Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with variable neurocognitive deficits. J Med Genet 2008; 46:168-75. [PMID: 18812404 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2008.061002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) is a bypass re-entrant tachycardia that results from an abnormal connection between the atria and ventricles. Mutations in PRKAG2 have been described in patients with familial WPW syndrome and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Based on the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling in the development of annulus fibrosus in mice, it has been proposed that BMP signalling through the type 1a receptor and other downstream components may play a role in pre-excitation. METHODS AND RESULTS Using the array comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH), we identified five individuals with non-recurrent deletions of 20p12.3. Four of these individuals had WPW syndrome with variable dysmorphisms and neurocognitive delay. With the exception of one maternally inherited deletion, all occurred de novo, and the smallest of these harboured a single gene, BMP2. In two individuals with additional features of Alagille syndrome, deletion of both JAG1 and BMP2 were identified. Deletion of this region has not been described as a copy number variant in the Database of Genomic Variants and has not been identified in 13 321 individuals from other cohort examined by array CGH in our laboratory. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate a novel genomic disorder characterised by deletion of BMP2 with variable cognitive deficits and dysmorphic features and show that individuals bearing microdeletions in 20p12.3 often present with WPW syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, One Baylor Plaza, BCM225, MARB, R713, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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32
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Nowakowska B, Stankiewicz P, Obersztyn E, Ou Z, Li J, Chinault AC, Smyk M, Borg K, Mazurczak T, Cheung SW, Bocian E. Application of metaphase HR-CGH and targeted Chromosomal Microarray Analyses to genomic characterization of 116 patients with mental retardation and dysmorphic features. Am J Med Genet A 2008; 146A:2361-9. [PMID: 18698622 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular cytogenetics enable identification of small chromosomal aberrations that are undetectable by routine chromosome banding in 5-20% of patients with mental retardation/developmental delay (MR/DD) and dysmorphism. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical usefulness of two molecular cytogenetic techniques, metaphase high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization (HR-CGH) and targeted array CGH, also known as Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA). A total of 116 patients with unexplained mild to severe MR and other features suggestive of a chromosomal abnormality with apparently normal or balanced karyotypes were analyzed using HR-CGH (43 patients) and/or CMA (91 patients). Metaphase HR-CGH detected seven interstitial deletions (16.3%). Rare deletions of chromosomes 16 (16p11.2p12.1) and 8 (8q21.11q21.2) were identified. Targeted CMA revealed copy-number changes in 19 of 91 patients (20.8%), among which 11 (11.8%) were clinically relevant, 6 (6.5%) were interpreted as polymorphic variants and 2 (2.1%) were of uncertain significance. The changes varied in size from 0.5 to 12.9 Mb. In summary, our results show that metaphase HR-CGH and array CGH techniques have become important components in cytogenetic diagnostics, particularly for detecting cryptic constitutional chromosome imbalances in patients with MR, in whom the underlying genetic defect is unknown. Additionally, application of both methods together increased the detection rates of genomic imbalances in the tested groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nowakowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland.
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Brunetti-Pierri N, Grange DK, Ou Z, Peiffer DA, Peacock SKG, Cooper ML, Eng PA, Lalani SR, Chinault AC, Gunderson KL, Craigen WJ, Cheung SW. Characterization of de novo microdeletions involving 17q11.2q12 identified through chromosomal comparative genomic hybridization. Clin Genet 2007; 72:411-9. [PMID: 17916097 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00896.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution array-comparative genome hybridization (CGH) is a powerful tool for detection of submicroscopic chromosome deletions and duplications. We describe two patients with mild mental retardation (MR) and de novo microdeletions of 17q11.2q12. Although the deletions did not involve the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) gene, they overlap with long-range deletions of the NF1 region which have been encountered in a small group of NF1 patients with more severe MR. Given the overlap of the deletions in our two patients with the large-sized NF1 microdeletions but not with the more frequent and smaller NF1 deletions, we hypothesize that more than one gene in the 17q11.2q12 region may be involved in MR. We discuss candidate genes for MR within this interval that was precisely defined through array-CGH analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Brunetti-Pierri
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Kang SHL, Scheffer A, Ou Z, Li J, Scaglia F, Belmont J, Lalani SR, Roeder E, Enciso V, Braddock S, Buchholz J, Vacha S, Chinault AC, Cheung SW, Bacino CA. Identification of proximal 1p36 deletions using array-CGH: a possible new syndrome. Clin Genet 2007; 72:329-38. [PMID: 17850629 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Monosomy 1p36 is the most common terminal deletion syndrome with an estimated occurrence of 1:5000 live births. Typically, the deletions span <10 Mb of 1pter-1p36.23 and result in mental retardation, developmental delay, sensorineural hearing loss, seizures, cardiomyopathy and cardiovascular malformations, and distinct facies including large anterior fontanel, deep-set eyes, straight eyebrows, flat nasal bridge, asymmetric ears, and pointed chin. We report five patients with 'atypical' proximal interstitial deletions from 1p36.23-1p36.11 using array-comparative genomic hybridization. Four patients carry large overlapping deletions of approximately 9.38-14.69 Mb in size, and one patient carries a small 2.97 Mb deletion. Interestingly, these patients manifest many clinical characteristics that are different from those seen in 'classical' monosomy 1p36 syndrome. The clinical presentation in our patients included: pre- and post-natal growth deficiency (mostly post-natal), feeding difficulties, seizures, developmental delay, cardiovascular malformations, microcephaly, limb anomalies, and dysmorphic features including frontal and parietal bossing, abnormally shaped and posteriorly rotated ears, hypertelorism, arched eyebrows, and prominent and broad nose. Most children also displayed hirsutism. Based on the analysis of the clinical and molecular data from our patients and those reported in the literature, we suggest that this chromosomal abnormality may constitute yet another deletion syndrome distinct from the classical distal 1p36 deletion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-H L Kang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Clinical Care Center, 6701 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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35
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Lennon PA, Cooper ML, Curtis MA, Lim C, Ou Z, Patel A, Cheung SW, Bacino CA. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization facilitates identification of breakpoints of a novel der(1)t(1;18)(p36.3;q23)dn in a child presenting with mental retardation. Am J Med Genet A 2006; 140:1156-63. [PMID: 16688748 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Monosomy of distal 1p36 represents the most common terminal deletion in humans and results in one of the most frequently diagnosed mental retardation syndromes. This deletion is considered a contiguous gene deletion syndrome, and has been shown to vary in deletion sizes that contribute to the spectrum of phenotypic anomalies seen in patients with monosomy 1p36. We report on an 8-year-old female with characteristics of the monosomy 1p36 syndrome who demonstrated a novel der(1)t(1;18)(p36.3;q23). Initial G-banded karyotype analysis revealed a deleted chromosome 1, with a breakpoint within 1p36.3. Subsequent FISH and array-based comparative genomic hybridization not only confirmed and partially characterized the deletion of chromosome 1p36.3, but also uncovered distal trisomy for 18q23. In this patient, the duplicated 18q23 is translocated onto the deleted 1p36.3 region, suggesting telomere capture. Molecular characterization of this novel der(1)t(1;18)(p36.3;q23), guided by our clinical array-comparative genomic hybridization, demonstrated a 3.2 Mb terminal deletion of chromosome 1p36.3 and a 200 kb duplication of 18q23 onto the deleted 1p36.3, presumably stabilizing the deleted chromosome 1. DNA sequence analysis around the breakpoints demonstrated no homology, and therefore this telomere capture of distal 18q is apparently the result of a non-homologous recombination. Partial trisomy for 18q23 has not been previously reported. The importance of mapping the breakpoints of all balanced and unbalanced translocations found in the clinical laboratory, when phenotypic abnormalities are found, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Lennon
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Qu J, Zhang J, Pan J, He L, Ou Z, Zhang X, Chen X. Endotoxin tlerance inhibits lipopolysaccharide-initiated acute pulmonary inflammation and lung injury in rats by the mechanism of nuclear factor-kappaB. Scand J Immunol 2004; 58:613-9. [PMID: 14636417 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2003.01339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of endotoxin tolerance on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-initiated pulmonary inflammation, the local production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and the cytokine-induced neutrophil attractant (CINC), as well as the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and its subunit composition, were examined in vivo. Endotoxin tolerance was reproduced by four consecutive daily intraperitoneal injections of 0.6 mg/kg of Escherichia coli 055:B5 LPS. Compared with control rats, endotoxin-tolerant rats failed to increase the permeability of pulmonary microvascular or recruit neutrophil to lung tissue upon restimulation with 6 mg/kg of LPSs. Pretreatment with LPSs inhibited the protein level of TNF-alpha in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and mRNA expression of CINC in lung tissue in response to subsequent LPS stimulation. These changes were accompanied by the suppression of activation of NF-kappaB, including the low level of total amount of DNA-binding activity and high percentage of non-transactive p50 homodimers. These data demonstrate that endotoxin tolerance can alleviate the LPS-induced acute neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation in rats and can inhibit the proinflammatory cytokines in lung and suggest that endotoxin tolerance might result from the unresponsiveness of NF-kappaB and persistent high percentage of p50 homodimers. Therefore, the phenomenon of endotoxin tolerance might be used as a strategy for the prevention or treatment of LPS-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome in which excessive or dysregulated inflammation leads to acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Qu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Kadish KM, Han B, Shao J, Ou Z, Bear JL. Synthesis and characterization of diruthenium complexes in low oxidation states. Formation of mono- and bis-CO adducts. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:6848-51. [PMID: 11735501 DOI: 10.1021/ic010907d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K M Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA.
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39
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Fukuzumi S, Ohkubo K, Imahori H, Shao J, Ou Z, Zheng G, Chen Y, Pandey RK, Fujitsuka M, Ito O, Kadish KM. Photochemical and electrochemical properties of zinc chlorin-C60 dyad as compared to corresponding free-base chlorin-C60, free-base porphyrin-C60, and zinc porphyrin-C60 dyads. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:10676-83. [PMID: 11673999 DOI: 10.1021/ja015738a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The photochemical and electrochemical properties of four chlorin-C60 or porphyrin-C60 dyads having the same short spacer between the macrocycle and the fullerene are examined. In contrast with all the previous results on porphyrin-fullerene dyads, the photoexcitation of a zinc chlorin-C60 dyad results in an unusually long-lived radical ion pair which decays via first-order kinetics with a decay rate constant of 9.1 x 10(3) x s(-1). This value is 2-6 orders of magnitude smaller than values reported for all other porphyrin or chlorin donor-acceptor of the molecule dyad systems. The formation of radical cations of the donor part and the radical anion of the acceptor part was also confirmed by ESR measurements under photoirradiation at low temperature. The photoexcitation of other dyads (free-base chlorin-C60, zinc porphyrin-C60, and free-base porphyrin-C60 dyads) results in formation of the ion pairs which decay quickly to the triplet excited states of the chlorin or porphyrin moiety via the higher lying radical ion pair states as is expected from the redox potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fukuzumi
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 2-1, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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40
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Akiba K, Nadano R, Satoh W, Yamamoto Y, Nagase S, Ou Z, Tan X, Kadish KM. Synthesis, structure, electrochemistry, and spectroelectrochemistry of hypervalent phosphorus(V) octaethylporphyrins and theoretical analysis of the nature of the PO bond in P(OEP)(CH(2)CH(3))(O). Inorg Chem 2001; 40:5553-67. [PMID: 11599954 DOI: 10.1021/ic010595e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A variety of phosphorus(V) octaethylporphyrin derivatives of the type [P(OEP)(X)(Y)](+)Z(-) (OEP: octaethylporphyrin) (X = CH(3), CH(2)CH(3), C(6)H(5), F; Y = CH(3), CH(2)CH(3), OH, OCH(3), OCH(2)CH(3), On-Pr, Oi-Pr, Osec-Bu, NHBu, NEt(2), Cl, F, O(-); Z = ClO(4), PF(6)) were prepared. X-ray crystallographic analysis of eleven compounds reveals that the degree of ruffling of the porphyrin core becomes greater and the average P-N bond distance becomes shorter as the axial ligands become more electronegative. Therefore, the electronic effect of the axial substituents plays a major role in determining the degree of ruffling although the steric effect of the substituents plays some role. A comparison of the (1)H NMR chemical shifts for the series of [P(OEP)(CH(2)CH(3))(Y)](+)Z(-) complexes with those of the corresponding arsenic porphyrins, which possess a planar core, indicates a much smaller ring current effect of the porphyrin core in the severely ruffled phosphorus porphyrins. The electrochemistry, spectroelectrochemistry and ESR spectroscopy of the singly reduced compounds are also discussed. The OH protons of [P(OEP)(X)(OH)](+) are acidic enough to generate P(OEP)(X)(O) by treatment with aq dilute NaOH. X-ray analysis of P(OEP)(CH(2)CH(3))(O) reveals that the PO bond length is very short (1.475(7) A) and is comparable to that in triphenylphosphine oxide (1.483 A). The features of the quite unique hexacoordinate hypervalent compounds are investigated by density functional calculation of a model (Por)P(CH(2)CH(3))(O) and (Por)P(F)(O) (Por: unsubstituted porphyrin).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Akiba
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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Li Y, Yediler A, Ou Z, Conrad I, Kettrup A. Effects of a non-ionic surfactant (Tween-80) on the mineralization, metabolism and uptake of phenanthrene in wheat-solution-lava microcosm. Chemosphere 2001; 45:67-75. [PMID: 11572593 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Effects of a non-ionic surfactant (Tween-80) on the mineralization, metabolism and uptake of phenanthrene in wheat-solution-lava microcosm were studied using 14C-labeled phenanthrene. The mineralization and metabolism of phenanthrene were fast in such a system. At least 90% of the applied phenanthrene were transformed within 24 days. Only 0.3% of the applied 14C-activity were identified to be the parent phenanthrene. Most of the applied 14C-activity (70%) was recovered from wheat, in which ca. 70% were associated with wheat shoots (stems and leaves) and ca. 30% wheat roots. 33% and 20% of the applied 14C-activity had been constructed into wheat tissues of shoots and roots, respectively. The 14C-activity recovered in forms of CO2 and volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) was 12-16% and 4-5%, respectively. The major metabolites of phenanthrene were polar compounds (18% of the applied 14C) and only 2.1% were identified as non-polar metabolites. No phenanthrene was found in wheat shoots indicating that it could not be transported from roots to upper parts of the plant but in form of metabolites (mostly polar metabolites). Foliar uptake of 14C-activity via air in form of 14CO2 occurred. The presence of Tween-80 significantly enhanced the degradation of phenanthrene, which could be attributed to its increase of microbial activities in the system. Tween-80 also significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the phenanthrene level in wheat roots, which probably resulted from desorption of phenanthrene from root surface caused by the surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Academia Sinica, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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42
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Guilard R, Gros CP, Bolze F, Jérôme F, Ou Z, Shao J, Fischer J, Weiss R, Kadish KM. Alkyl and aryl substituted corroles. 1. Synthesis and characterization of free base and cobalt containing derivatives. x-ray structure of (Me(4)Ph(5)Cor)Co(py)(2). Inorg Chem 2001; 40:4845-55. [PMID: 11531430 DOI: 10.1021/ic010177+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, spectroscopic properties, and electrochemistry of six different alkyl- and aryl-substituted Co(III) corroles are presented. The investigated compounds contain methyl, ethyl, phenyl, or substituted phenyl groups at the eight beta-positions of the corrole macrocycle and four derivatives also contain a phenyl group at the 10-meso position of the macrocycle. Each cobalt corrole undergoes four reversible oxidations in CH(2)Cl(2) containing 0.1 M tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate and exists as a dimer in its singly and doubly oxidized forms. The difference in potential between the first two oxidations is associated with the degree of interaction between the two corrole units of the dimer and ranges from an upper value of 0.62 V, in the case of (Me(6)Et(2)Cor)Co, to a lower value of about 0.17 V, in the case of four compounds which have a phenyl group located at the 10-meso position of the macrocycle. These Co(III) corroles strongly coordinate two pyridine molecules or one carbon monoxide molecule in CH(2)Cl(2) media, and ligand binding constants were evaluated using spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. The structure of (Me(4)Ph(5)Cor)Co(py)(2) was also determined by X-ray diffraction. Crystal data: (Me(4)Ph(5)Cor)Co(py)(2).3CH(2)Cl(2).H(2)O, orthorhombic, a = 19.5690(4) A, b = 17.1070(6) A, c = 15.9160(6) A, V = 5328.2(5) A(3), space group Pna2(1), Z = 2, 35 460 observations, R(F) = 0.069.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Guilard
- LIMSAG UMR 5633, Faculté des Sciences Gabriel, Université de Bourgogne, 6, Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
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Guilard R, Jérôme F, Barbe JM, Gros CP, Ou Z, Shao J, Fischer J, Weiss R, Kadish KM. Alkyl and aryl substituted corroles. 2. Synthesis and characterization of linked "face-to-face" biscorroles. X-ray structure of (BCA)Co(2)(py)(3), where BCA represents a biscorrole with an anthracenyl bridge. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:4856-65. [PMID: 11531431 DOI: 10.1021/ic0101782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, spectroscopic properties, and electrochemistry of (BCA)Co(2) and (BCB)Co(2) are described where BCA and BCB represent biscorroles linked by an anthracenyl (A) or a biphenylenyl (B) bridge. The pyridine and CO binding properties of (BCA)Co(2) and (BCB)Co(2) are also presented, and one of the compounds in its pyridine-ligated form, (BCA)Co(2)(py)(3), is structurally characterized. The data on the biscorroles are compared on one hand to the monocorrole having the same substitution pattern and on the other hand to bisporphyrins having two Co(II) ions and the same anthracenyl or biphenylenyl linkers in order to better understand the interaction which occurs between the two corrole macrocycles. A parallel study on five different Co(III) phenyl-substituted corroles showed that bis-pyridine and mono-CO adducts are readily formed from the complexes in CH(2)Cl(2). This present paper examines how the ligand binding properties and electrochemistry of these Co(III) corroles are modified by the anthracenyl or biphenylenyl bridge which links the two macrocycles in a face to face orientation. An X-ray crystal structure was obtained for the tris-pyridine adduct of the anthracenyl bridged derivative, (BCA)Co(2)(py)(3), and gives the following results: C(127)H(99)Co(2)N(11).2CHCl(3), M = 2135.90, triclinic, space group P&onemacr;, a = 13.2555(5) A, b = 18.6406(8) A, c = 22.2140(9) A, alpha = 94.186(9) degrees, beta = 102.273(9) degrees, gamma = 94.205(9) degrees, V = 5326.8(4) A(3), 9293 independent reflections collected, R(F) = 0.066.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Guilard
- LIMSAG UMR 5633, Faculté des Sciences Gabriel, Université de Bourgogne, 6, Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
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Jiang X, Ou Z, Ying P, Yediler A, Ketrrup A. [Transportation and transformation of 14C-phenanthrene in closed chamber (nutrient solution-lava-plant-air) system]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2001; 12:451-4. [PMID: 11758435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The transportation and transformation of 14C-phenanthrene in a closed 'plant-lava-nutrient solution-air' chamber system was studied by using radioactivity technology. The results showed that in this closed chamber system, phenanthrene was degraded fast. The radioactivity of 14C left at 23d in the nutrient solution was only 25% of applied. At the end of experiment (46d), the distribution sequence of 14C activity in the components of closed chamber system was root (38.55%) > volatile organic compounds (VOCs, 17.68%) > lava (14.35%) > CO2 (11.42%) > stem (2%). 14C-activities in plant tissue were combined with the tissue, and existed in the forms of lava-bound(root 4.68%; stem and leaves 0.68%) and polar metabolites (root 23.14%; stem 0.78%).
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Affiliation(s)
- X Jiang
- Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016.
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Liu W, Ou Z, Ying P. [Soil macropore and its studying methodology]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2001; 12:465-8. [PMID: 11758439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses the definition, size, types, formation of soil macropores. Soil macropore (> 0.03 mm) is the pore space that provides preferential paths of flow. The shape of macropore varies from crack or fissure, through to cylindrical pipe. Macropore is formed in main ways: by plant roots and soil fauna; wet-dry and freeze-thaw cycles; chemical weathering. The studying method of macropore divided into direct measurement and indirect description, which suitability and limitation are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Liu
- Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016.
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Ni Y, Ou Z, Ying P. [Preferential flow and its effect on solute migration in soil]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2001; 12:103-7. [PMID: 11813410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of soil preferential flow and the preferential migrate in soil for non-absorptive bromide and nitrate ions were studied. With undisturbed and packed soil columns, the results showed that soil preferential flow was characterized with preferential breakthrough, non-symmetric breakthrough curve, lateral infiltration, tailing and so on. The preferential breakthrough for Br- was 24 hours after it was applied, and the leachate volume was only 0.04 times as-much as the pore volumes. The preferential flow for Br- accounted for 26% of total flux in the undisturbed soil columns. But the accumulative leachate mass for Br- resulted from the preferential flow were 86.7% of total accumulative leachate mass, showing that the soil preferential flow accounted for relative small ratio of the flux, but caused relative much more solute transference. NO3- was moved down rapidly by preferential flow at only one time as large as pore volumes, and got 11% of the applied amount, respectively. As a result of the preferential flow, the lateral infiltration flow enabled Br- and NO3- rapidly distribute and diffuse into the deeper soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ni
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016.
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Kadish KM, Ou Z, Adamian VA, Guilard R, Gros CP, Erben C, Will S, Vogel E. Corroles with group 15 ions. 2. Synthesis and characterization of octaethylcorroles containing a phosphorus central atom. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:5675-82. [PMID: 11151367 DOI: 10.1021/ic0010196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and electrochemistry of five new phosphorus corroles are reported. The investigated complexes contain alkyl, aryl, oxo, or hydrido axial ligands and are represented as (OEC)P(H)2, (OEC)P(CH3)2, (OEC)P(C6H5)2, (OEC)P=O, and [(OEC)P(CH3)]+ClO4-, where OEC is the trianion of octaethylcorrole. The products of electrooxidation and/or electroreduction were also characterized by UV-vis and ESR spectroscopy. Correlations are shown to exist between reversible half-wave potentials for the first oxidation and first reduction of each compound and the combined electronegativity of the central ion and the axial ligand(s). The electrochemical HOMO-LUMO gap, defined as the difference between first reduction and first oxidation, was found to be independent of the electron-transfer site and similar in magnitude to the value generally observed for metalloporphyrins with planar macrocycles, i.e., 2.25 +/- 0.15 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641, USA
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Kadish KM, Erben C, Ou Z, Adamian VA, Will S, Vogel E. Corroles with group 15 metal ions. Synthesis and characterization of octaethylcorroles containing As, Sb, and Bi ions in +3, +4, and oxidation states. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:3312-9. [PMID: 11196869 DOI: 10.1021/ic991361m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and electrochemistry of As, Sb, and Bi corroles are reported. The investigated complexes are represented by [(OEC)AsV(CH3)]+ClO4- and (OEC)M where M = As(III), Sb(III), or Bi(III) and OEC is the trianion of octaethylcorrole. The products of each redox reaction are characterized by UV-vis and ESR spectroscopy. The first one-electron oxidations of (OEC)As and (OEC)Sb are metal-centered and result in the formation of [(OEC)AsIV]+ and [(OEC)SbIV]+. A second one-electron oxidations generates [(OEC)AsV]2+ and [(OEC.)SbIV]2+, the latter of which is slowly converted to a Sb(V) corrole, [(OEC)SbV]2+. The first one-electron oxidation of (OEC)Bi leads only to the Bi(III) pi-cation radical, but a second one-electron oxidation is proposed to give a Bi(IV) complex, [(OEC)Bi]2+. The first reduction of [(OEC)AsV(CH3)]+ClO4- is accompanied by loss of the sigma-bonded methyl ligand and formation of an As(III) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641, USA
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Zhou X, Huang J, Ou Z, Wang H, Wang R. [Conditions of enzyme production and properties of alkaline lipase by Streptomyces Z94-2]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2000; 40:75-9. [PMID: 12548882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
An alkaline lipase producing strain streptomyces Z94-2 was selected from 152 lipase producer, The optimal medium composition for the producing lipase is (g/L): soybean meal 30, urea 10, dextrin 10, KH2PO4 0.5, NaCl 1, MgSO4.7H2O 0.5, AEO9 (nonionic surfactant) 1. The optimal conditions for lipase producing are initial pH 9.5-10.0, shaken at 26 degrees C, for 48 h, a maximal lipase activity of reached 596 (u/mL). The optimal activity at pH 9.8 and at 37 degrees C, respectively. The lipase was stable at pH 8.6-10.2 and below 60 degrees C, and the lipase was highly activated by 0.14 mol/L CaCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhou
- Department of Biology Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, HangZhou 310014
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Abstract
CGN is a rapidly progressive glomerular disease. Monocytes/macrophages are frequently observed in glomeruli in cases of CGN and they are considered to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of this disease. We described previously the glomerular expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), which is a potent chemoattractant for monocytes and a member of CC chemokine family, in an experimental model of CGN. In the present study we investigated the expression of mRNAs for other CC chemokines, namely, MCP-3, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), MIP-1beta, RANTES and TCA3, all of which are chemotactic for monocytes, in the CGN model. First, we established a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method by which mRNA for each of the CC chemokines could be amplified separately, and then we measured the levels of the expression of mRNAs for the chemokines in diseased glomeruli at several time points after induction of CGN. The mRNAs for all CC chemokines examined were expressed in glomeruli of rats with CGN. Moreover, induction of the gene expression of MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta seemed to occur earlier than that of the others. CC chemokines may contribute to the recruitment and activation of monocytes in CGN, and each individual CC chemokine may play an overlapping but distinct role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Natori
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Institute, International Medical Centre of Japan, Tokyo
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