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Jie Z, Qin S, Liu F, Xu D, Sun J, Qin G, Hou X, Xu P, Zhang W, Gao C, Lu J. Analysis on dynamic changes of etizolam and its metabolites and exploration of its development prospect using UPLC-Q-exactive-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 240:115936. [PMID: 38183733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
As one of the most widely abused designer benzodiazepines in the world, etizolam has been found in many cases in many countries. In this study, UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS was used for the first time to establish a dynamic change model of etizolam and its metabolites in rats. Compared with previous studies, the detection sensitivity and reproducibility of the instrument were higher. In the experiment, we optimized the traditional pharmacokinetic model based on Gauss function. According to the significant difference of etizolam in the plasma elimination phase of rats, a new pharmacokinetic model based on Lorentz function was established to describe the dynamic changes of etizolam more rigorously, which made the error effects lower and the accuracy of the pharmacokinetic parameters was improved. At the same time, the pharmacokinetic parameters of etizolam were compared with four other designer benzodiazepines reported in previous studies in rats, and we found the direct reason for the popularity of etizolam in the NPS market and explored the future development of etizolam for the first time. In addition, 21 metabolites were found through rat experiments to effectively detect etizolam abuse for a long time, of which 4 metabolites had the longest detection window and could be used as long-acting metabolites for experiments, which greatly prolongs the detection window and extends the time range in which etizolam was detected in real cases. This study is the first to conduct a systematic and comprehensive study on the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of etizolam and find out the direct reason for the prevalence of etizolam abuse, and we also discuss the development trend of etizolam in the future market of new psychoactive substances, which is beneficial for forensic experts to assess the trend of drug abuse and can provide reference for relevant drug control and drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Jie
- School of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Shiyang Qin
- Forensic Science Service of Beijing Public Security Bureau, Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Fubang Liu
- School of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Duoqi Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Expertise, Shanghai 200063, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Forensic Science Service of Beijing Public Security Bureau, Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Ge Qin
- School of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Xiaolong Hou
- School of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring, Control and Anti drug Key Technologies of the Ministry of Public Security, Anti drug Information Technology Center of the Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenfang Zhang
- Forensic Science Service of Beijing Public Security Bureau, Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Chunfang Gao
- School of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Jianghai Lu
- Drug and Food Anti-doping Laboratory, China Anti-Doping Agency, 1st Anding Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China.
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Jie Z, Qin S, Zhang W, Wang J, Lu J, Qin G, Hou X, Xu P. Metabolic Profile Analysis of Designer Benzodiazepine Etizolam in Zebrafish and Human Liver Microsomes. Metabolites 2023; 13:699. [PMID: 37367857 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most widely abused designer benzodiazepines worldwide, Etizolam is characterized by its high addiction potential, low production cost, and difficulty in detection. Due to the rapid metabolism of Etizolam in the human body, the probability of detecting the Etizolam parent drug in actual case samples by forensic personnel is low. Therefore, without detecting the parent drug, analysis of Etizolam metabolites can help forensic personnel provide references and suggestions on whether the suspect has taken Etizolam. This study simulates the objective metabolic process of the human body. It establishes a zebrafish in vivo metabolism model and a human liver microsome in vitro metabolism model to analyze the metabolic characteristics of Etizolam. A total of 28 metabolites were detected in the experiment, including 13 produced in zebrafish, 28 produced in zebrafish urine and feces, and 17 produced in human liver microsomes. The UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS technology was used to analyze the structures and related metabolic pathways of Etizolam metabolites in zebrafish and human liver microsomes, and a total of 9 metabolic pathways were identified, including monohydroxylation, dihydroxylation, hydration, desaturation, methylation, oxidative deamination to alcohol, oxidation, reduction acetylation, and glucuronidation. Among them, metabolites involving hydroxylation reactions (including monohydroxylation and dihydroxylation) accounted for 57.1% of the total number of potential metabolites, indicating that hydroxylation may be the major metabolic pathway of Etizolam. Based on the response values of each metabolite, monohydroxylation (M1), desaturation (M19), and hydration (M16) were recommended as potential biomarkers for Etizolam metabolism. The experimental results provide reference and guidance for forensic personnel in identifying Etizolam use in suspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Jie
- School of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Shiyang Qin
- Forensic Science Service of Beijing Public Security Bureau, Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Wenfang Zhang
- Forensic Science Service of Beijing Public Security Bureau, Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Jifen Wang
- School of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Jianghai Lu
- Drug and Food Anti-Doping Laboratory, China Anti-Doping Agency, 1st Anding Road, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ge Qin
- School of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Xiaolong Hou
- School of Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring, Control and Anti Drug Key Technologies, Ministry of Public Security, Anti Drug Information Technology Center of the Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100193, China
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Chen T, Yiming L, Bisheng C, Shengmeng P, Yongming C, Jie Z, Zhen L, Huang H, Zhenghui G. SHCBP1 promote prostate cancer metastasis and progression by regulating PLK1 activation. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)01191-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Huang H, Chen T, Zhen L, Yiming L, Shengmeng P, Yongming C, Lingfeng L, Jie Z, Zhenghui G. Mechanism of SERPINH1 in promoting bone metastasis of prostate cancer by inhibiting P62 ubiquitination degradation. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)01186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Xin S, Yang L, Jie Z, YANG G, Qingli C. POS-458 PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE REGULATORY EFFECT OF HIGH GLUCOSE ON MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION THROUGH miR-125b. Kidney Int Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.01.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Lu S, Chen G, Sun Y, Sun S, Chang J, Yao Y, Chen Z, Ye F, Lu J, Shi J, He J, Liu X, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Fang J, Cheng Y, Hu C, Mao W, Hu Y, Gong Y, Shan L, Yang Z, Song Y, Li W, Bai C, Wang B, Ma R, Zheng Z, Liu M, Jie Z, Cao L, Liao W, Pan H, Huang D, Chen Y, Yang J, Qin S, Ma S, Liang L, Liu Z, Zhou J, Tao M, Huang Y, Qiu F, Huang Y, Hua Y, Chen Y, Su W. MA14.05 A Randomized Phase III Trial of Fruquintinib Versus Placebo in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (FALUCA). J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wen-Bin LI, Ya Y, Xiang P, Jian-Bing LI, Hui-Xiang L, Shi-Gui LI, Zhong HE, Bin C, Lin-Han LI, Wan-Ting C, Yu Y, Jie Z, Sheng-Ming LI, Guang-Hui R, Zhi-Hong L, Yi-Biao Z, Qing-Wu J. [Effect of comprehensive schistosomiasis control strategy with focus on cattle and sheep removal in Junshan District, Yueyang City]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2018; 29:402-405. [PMID: 29508568 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2017097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive schistosomiasis control measures with focus on total removal of cattle and sheep in Junshan District, Yueyang City. Methods The retrospective review and field survey were implemented in the pilot villages in Junshan District. The data of Schistosoma japonicum infection status of human, cattle, sheep and Oncomelania hupensis snails, and density of snails were gathered and modeled in the period of 2006 to 2016. Results The prevalence of schistosome infection in residents in the pilot villages decreased from 3.44% in 2006 to 0.59% in 2012 (F = 14.501, P = 0.013). After removal of all the cattle and sheep in 2013, the prevalence of schistosome infection in the residents decreased to zero in 2016 (F = 14.148, P = 0.033). The density of living snails decreased from 0.883 3/0.1 m2 in 2006 to 0.308 8/0.1 m2 in 2012 (F = 76.250, P = 0.005). Conclusion The comprehensive schistosomiasis control strategy with focus on cattle and sheep removal is remarkably effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Wen-Bin
- Junshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hunan Province, Yueyang 414000, China
| | - Y Ya
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Tropical Disease Research Center, China
| | - P Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Tropical Disease Research Center, China
| | - L I Jian-Bing
- Junshan District Bureau of Health and Family Planning, Hunan Province, China
| | - L Hui-Xiang
- Junshan District Bureau of Health and Family Planning, Hunan Province, China
| | - L I Shi-Gui
- Junshan District Bureau of Health and Family Planning, Hunan Province, China
| | - H E Zhong
- Junshan District Bureau of Health and Family Planning, Hunan Province, China
| | - C Bin
- Junshan District Station for Schistosomiasis Control, Hunan Province, China
| | - L I Lin-Han
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Tropical Disease Research Center, China
| | - C Wan-Ting
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Tropical Disease Research Center, China
| | - Y Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Tropical Disease Research Center, China
| | - Z Jie
- Hunan Institute for Schistosomiasis Control, China
| | | | - R Guang-Hui
- Hunan Institute for Schistosomiasis Control, China
| | - L Zhi-Hong
- Hunan Institute for Schistosomiasis Control, China
| | - Z Yi-Biao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Tropical Disease Research Center, China
| | - J Qing-Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Tropical Disease Research Center, China
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Cheng Y, Wang Y, Zhao J, Liu Y, Gao H, Ma K, Zhang S, Xin H, Liu J, Chengbo H, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Chen J, Wen F, Li J, Jie Z, Zheng Z, Dai Z, Piao H, Li X, Li Y, Zhong M, Ma R, Zhuang Y, Xu Y, Qu Z, Yang H, Pan C, Yang F, Zhang D, Li B. JCES 01.11 A Multicenter, Non-Interventional Study on Real World EGFR Testing and in Patients with IIIB/IV NSCLC in Northern China. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Qiaoli S, Yi S, Jie Z, Deyun C. KLF2 and caveolin-1 as early indicators of acute lung injury induced by paraquat. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2016; 20:138-145. [PMID: 26813466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The roles of Krüppel-like factors KLF2 and KLF4, and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by paraquat (PQ) are insufficiently defined. Here we tested their expression in a rat model of ALI. MATERIALS AND METHODS 80 Wistar rats were divided into control group and groups exposed to PQ for 6, 12, and 24 hours (20 animals/group). ALI was assessed by behavioural and pathological scores. In addition, we quantified the concentration of KLF2, KLF4, and Cav-1 in serum by ELISA, and expression of these proteins at the mRNA and protein level in lung tissue (respectively, qPCR and Western blot). RESULTS Pathological scores were the highest at 12 hours after exposure to PQ. These changes correlated well with the kinetics of serum levels of KLF2, KLF4 and Cav-1. Thus, the lowest levels of the two former proteins were observed at 12 hours post-exposure, whereas Cav-1 levels peaked at this time point. In lung tissue, the kinetics of mRNA and protein expression of these proteins was different from the changes in the serum. Specifically, both KLF and Cav-1 mRNA expression changed significantly at 6 hours post-exposure to PQ, whereas KLF4 mRNA expression did not change significantly at any of the studied time points. Studies of at the protein level corroborated the observations of mRNA kinetics. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate here that lung tissue expression of KLF2 and Cav-1 is modulated early in the pathogenesis of ALI. These proteins could, therefore, serve as molecular markers for early diagnosis of this clinical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Qiaoli
- Department of General Practice, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Yong M, Xianjun X, Jinghu L, Jie Z, Yunyun F. Study On The Direct Medical Cost of Malignant Neoplasms Inpatients With Urban Basic Health Insurance Scheme in China. Value Health 2014; 17:A719. [PMID: 27202545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Yong
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - X Xianjun
- China Health Insurance Research Association, Beijing, China
| | - L Jinghu
- China Health Insurance Research Association, Beijing, China
| | - Z Jie
- China Health Insurance Research Association, Beijing, China
| | - F Yunyun
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Riggs R, Kimble T, Leader B, Jie Z, Stadtmauer L. Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) and IVF outcomes. Fertil Steril 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Abstract
The effect of various polyphenols on calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity in the femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues of young rats in vitro was investigated. Bone tissues were cultured for 24 h in serum-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing either vehicle or various polyphenols (10(-7) - 10(-4) M). The presence of genistein (10(-6) - 10(-4) M) caused a significant increase in calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity in the femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues. Resveratrol (10(-4) m) decreased metaphyseal calcium content significantly, and it (10(-6) - 10(-4) M) had a significant inhibitory effect on diaphyseal enzyme activity. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg; 10(-4) M) significantly inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity in the diaphyseal and metaphyseal tissues. EGCg (10(-7) - 10(-4) M) had no effect on bone calcium content. Meanwhile, glycitein, quercetin, or catechin in the range of 10(-7) to 10(-4) ml did not have an effect on calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity in the femoral-diaphyseal and -metaphyseal tissues. The present study suggests that a phytoestrogen genistein has a unique anabolic effect on bone calcification in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Molecular Metabolism, Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan.
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Jie Z, Bang-Yao L, Ming-Jie X, Hai-Wei L, Zu-Kang Z, Ting-Song W, Craig SA. Studies on the effects of polydextrose intake on physiologic functions in Chinese people. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72:1503-9. [PMID: 11101478 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/72.6.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that polydextrose has physiologic effects similar to those of dietary fiber. OBJECTIVE Ingestion of 4, 8, and 12 g polydextrose/d was studied to determine the physiologic effects in Chinese subjects. DESIGN In a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study, we evaluated the effects of polydextrose ingestion on clinical biochemistry indexes, glycated hemoglobin, glucose tolerance, the glycemic index, bowel function, stool weight and pH, short-chain fatty acid production, fecal microflora, and cecal mucosa cell proliferation. RESULTS Polydextrose had no significant effect on blood biochemistry indexes. Ingestion of 12 g polydextrose plus 50 g glucose resulted in a glycemic index of 89% (compared with a glycemic index of 100% after ingestion of 50 g glucose). Bowel function (frequency and ease of defecation) improved significantly and there were no reports of abdominal distention, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, or hypoglycemia. Fecal weight (wet and dry) increased and fecal pH decreased proportionally to polydextrose intake. Short-chain fatty acid production-notably that of butyrate, isobutyrate, and acetate-increased with polydextrose ingestion. There were substantial changes in fecal anaerobes after polydextrose intake. BACTEROIDES: species (B. fragilis, B. vulgatus, and B. intermedius) decreased, whereas LACTOBACILLUS: and BIFIDOBACTERIUM: species increased. The cecal mucosa whole-crypt labeling index increased, with colonocyte proliferation mainly occurring in base compartments, which provided an indirect confirmation of butyrate production in the colon. CONCLUSION Polydextrose ingestion had significant dietary fiber-like effects with no laxative problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Jie
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Clinical Bacteriology, and Emergency Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Suyi N, Jie Z, Huang Y, Stanley TH. Oral transmucosal back permeation of alfentanil in dogs--a novel method to determine blood alfentanil concentration. Chin Med Sci J 1994; 9:233-236. [PMID: 7718863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study explores a novel noninvasive method for monitoring blood alfentanil concentrations using a dog model. Alfentanil which "back" permeated across the oral mucosa from the systemic circulation was collected from the oral mucosal surface and quantitated. The levels of the "back" permeated alfentanil were found to closely reflect real time serum alfentanil concentrations. With further work, this finding may lead to a novel noninvasive method for monitoring real time serum alfentanil concentrations in its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Suyi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City, USA
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15
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Jie Z, Bing-Yan Z. A study of the toxic effects of cyclosporine on testis and adrenal glands in male rats. Transplant Proc 1994; 26:3517. [PMID: 7998256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Jie
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Hubei Medical University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Shaoshun W, Jie Z, Yunxiu Y, Chenguo X, Yu Z. Intermittency exponents in pp collisions at 400 GeV/c. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1994; 49:5785-5788. [PMID: 10016904 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.49.5785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Abstract
The cross-cultural validity of a parent's version of the Dental Fear Survey Schedule (DFSS) for children was assessed by examining the relationship between the parent's report of child fear in Chinese (DFSS) and actual child behavior (CB) in the dental environment for two samples: 70 Chinese children ages 5-15 yr, residing in Canada, and 99 mainland Chinese children ages 2.5-7.0 yr residing in Kunming, Yunnan, PRC Canadian DFSS score M = 31.9 (SD = 9.5) with no differences by age or sex. PRC DFSS score M = 35.7 (SD = 8.9) with girls reported more fearful than boys. No age difference was detected. Higher DFSS scores were associated with more CB in both samples. Factor analyses yielded similar solutions and internal consistency was high. Control and potential victimization were identified as important constructs. The results suggest the Chinese version of the DFSS is a reliable and valid parental measure of child dental fear.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Milgrom
- Department of Dental Public Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
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Ying-Ji Z, Jian-hua H, Jin-qing Y, Jie Z. Breakup energy spectrum of singlet deuterons measured using d+d-->d*+d* four-body reaction at 15.7 MeV. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1993; 47:468-472. [PMID: 9968462 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.47.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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19
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Ying-ji Z, Jin-qing Y, Jie Z, Jian-hua H. Resonant diproton spectrum measured using the reaction 2H(d,2p)2n at 15.7 MeV. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1992; 45:528-531. [PMID: 9967790 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.45.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Jie Z, Fey SJ, Hager H, Høllsberg P, Ebbesen P, Larsen PM. Markers for human placental trophoblasts in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 1990; 26:937-43. [PMID: 1700776 DOI: 10.1007/bf02624466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Primary cultures of trophoblasts established from human term placentae showed high viability and reproducibility. Two-dimensional gel patterns obtained by metabolically labeling the trophoblasts with [35S]-methionine demonstrated that their pattern of gene expression was stable during the 6-d period investigated. Gel analysis demonstrated the keratins 7, 8, 14, 17, 18, and 19. Analysis of the gel pattern confirmed the presence of a small proportion of contaminating fibroblasts and lymphocytes. The gel patterns were compared with that of skin fibroblasts, peripheral lymphocytes, and epithelial cells to identify a group of proteins that are enriched in the trophoblasts and thus may be used as marker for these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Jie
- Department of Virus and Cancer, Danish Cancer Society, Aarhus
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Jie Z, Ivarsson B, Collins VP. Monoclonal antibodies to GFAP epitopes available in formaldehyde fixed tissue. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand A 1986; 94:353-61. [PMID: 3544674 DOI: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1986.tb03005.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that one of our monoclonal antibodies (MAB's) to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) recognizes an epitope on this molecule which is to a large degree blocked during fixation with formaldehyde or crosslinking with Dithiobis (Succinimidyl) Propionate (DTSP). This was shown to be due to the crossbinding of a single or a number of proteins to the GFAP and is not due to a change in the epitope on GFAP induced by the fixation itself. In an attempt to produce further MAB's capable of recognizing epitopes on the GFAP molecule available following formaldehyde fixation, we immunized BALB-C mice with cytoskeletal preparations of human glioma cells which contain GFAP where the blocking protein or proteins were crossbound by DTSP or formaldehyde to the GFAP. Following fusion of the spleen lymphocytes to Sp 2/0 myeloma cells we have cloned hybridomas which produce antibodies that recognize GFAP in formaldehyde fixed tissues. This method presents the antigen in its native "fixed" state for the mouse's immune system and avoids the production of MAB's which (although excellent for immunochemical studies) do not recognize any epitopes available on the molecule in question in formaldehyde fixed tissues. Antibodies so produced are of great interest in routine pathology where most tissues are still, unfortunately, undiscriminately fixed in formalin. The results also show that GFAP varies immunologically in different species (i.e. human v. rat/mouse) and confirm that the GFAP of the PNS is immunologically distinct and/or associated with different proteins from that found in the CNS.
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