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Yan Y, Lin HW, Zhuang ZN, Li M, Guo S. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist enhances chemosensitivity to fluorouracil in treatment of Kras mutant colon cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 12:877-892. [PMID: 32879665 PMCID: PMC7443842 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v12.i8.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kras mutant colon cancer shows abnormal activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway, resulting in the proliferation of tumor cells. Treatment with fluorouracil (5-FU) might not achieve the expected inhibition of proliferation of malignant cells based on the fluorouracil-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway.
AIM To detect whether interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) could increase the chemosensitivity to 5-FU by decreasing the activation of the NF-κB pathway and reducing the proliferation of colon cancer cells.
METHODS Western blot analysis was performed to detect the persistent activation of the NF-κB pathway in colon cancer cell lines. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the IL-1RA-reduced expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-21 and TLR4 in colon cancer cell lines. We used a xenograft nude mouse model to demonstrate the downregulation of the NF-κB pathway by blocking the NF-κB-regulated IL-1α feedforward loop, which could increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in inhibiting tumor cell growth.
RESULTS IL-1 receptor antagonist could decrease the expression of IL-1α and IL-1β and downregulate the activity of the NF-κB pathway in Kras mutant colon cancer cells. Treatment with 5-FU combined with IL-1RA could increase the chemosensitivity of the SW620 cell line, and decreased expression of the TAK1/NF-κB and MEK pathways resulted in limited proliferation in the SW620 cell line.
CONCLUSION Adjuvant chemotherapy with IL-1RA and 5-FU has a stronger effect than single chemotherapeutic drugs. IL-1RA combined with fluorouracil could be a potential neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Operating Room, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong-Wei Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Zhuo-Nan Zhuang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zouping Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zhouping 256200, Shandong Province, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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Zhang ZY, Guo S, Zhao R, Ji ZP, Zhuang ZN. Clinical significance of SQSTM1/P62 and nuclear factor-κB expression in pancreatic carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 12:719-731. [PMID: 32864040 PMCID: PMC7428796 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v12.i7.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1, P62) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of a variety of malignant tumors.
AIM To explore the expression of P62 and NF-κB in pancreatic cancer and their relationship with clinicopathological features.
METHODS The expression levels of P62 and NF-κB were analyzed by immunohistochemistry with a tissue chip containing 40 cases of human pancreatic carcinoma. Then we analyzed the correlation among P62 expression, phospho-P65 expression, and clinicopathological features of pancreatic carcinoma samples.
RESULTS P62 expression was mainly observed in the cytoplasm of pancreatic carcinoma cells. Phosphorylated P65 (phospho-P65) was mainly expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of pancreatic carcinoma cells. There was a significant difference in P62 expression among T stages. And a significant difference in phosphor-P65 expression among pathology types was noted. In the cases with strongly positive P62 expression, significant differences were found in age. And there were significant differences in T stage and tumor-node-metastasis stage in the cases with strongly positive phosphor-P65 expression.
CONCLUSION In pancreatic carcinoma, P62 expression is significantly correlated with T stage. It may be a valuable malignant indicator for human pancreatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yang Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhuo-Nan Zhuang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102200, China
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Ji ZP, Li YX, Shi BX, Zhuang ZN, Yang JY, Guo S, Xu XZ, Xu KS, Li HL. Hypoxia preconditioning protects Ca 2+-ATPase activation of intestinal mucosal cells against R/I injury in a rat liver transplantation model. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:360-370. [PMID: 29391758 PMCID: PMC5776397 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i3.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury on the Ca2+-ATPase activation in the intestinal tissue of a rat autologous orthotopic liver transplantation model and to determine if hypoxia preconditioning (HP) therapy induces HIF-1α to protect rat intestinal tissue against I/R injury.
METHODS Rats received non-lethal hypoxic preconditioning therapy to induce HIF-1α expression. We used an autologous orthotopic liver transplantation model to imitate the I/R injury in intestinal tissue. Then, we detected the microstructure changes in small intestinal tissues, Ca2+-ATPase activity, apoptosis, and inflammation within 48 h postoperatively.
RESULTS HIF-1α expression was significantly increased in intestinal tissue at 12 h postoperatively in rats that were exposed to a hypoxic environment for 90 min compared with a non-HP group (HP vs AT, P = 0.0177). Pathological analysis was performed on the intestinal mucosa cells, and the cells in the HP group appeared healthier than the cells in the AT group. The Ca2+-ATPase activity in the small intestinal cells in the AT group was significantly lower after the operation, and the Ca2+-ATPase activity in the HP group recovered faster than that in the AT group at 6 h postoperatively (HP vs AT, P = 0.0106). BCL-2 expression in the HP group was significantly higher than that in the AT group at 12 h postoperatively (HP vs AT P = 0.0010). The expression of the inflammatory factors NO, SOD, IL-6, and TNF-α was significantly lower in the HP group than in the AT group.
CONCLUSION Hypoxia-induced HIF-1α could protect intestinal mucosal cells against mitochondrial damage after I/R injury. HP could improve hypoxia tolerance in small intestinal mucosal cells and increase Ca2+-ATPase activity to reduce the apoptosis of and pathological damage to intestinal cells. HP could be a useful way to promote the earlier recovery of intestinal function after graft procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Ji
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuan-Xin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Bao-Xu Shi
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of Rizhaolanshan, Rizhao 276800, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhuo-Nan Zhuang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Jing-Yan Yang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong Province, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ke-Sen Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hai-Lin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong Province, China
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Ju HQ, Zhuang ZN, Li H, Tian T, Lu YX, Fan XQ, Zhou HJ, Mo HY, Sheng H, Chiao PJ, Xu RH. Regulation of the Nampt-mediated NAD salvage pathway and its therapeutic implications in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2016; 379:1-11. [PMID: 27233476 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a crucial cofactor for the redox reactions in the metabolic pathways of cancer cells that have elevated aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect). Cancer cells are reported to rely on NAD recycling and inhibition of the NAD salvage pathway causes metabolic collapse and cell death. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms and clinical implications for the NAD salvage pathway in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain unclear. This study showed that the expression of Nampt, the rate-limiting enzyme of the NAD salvage pathway, was significantly increased in PDAC cells and PDAC tissues. Additionally, inhibition of Nampt impaired tumor growth in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo, which was accompanied by a decreased cellular NAD level and glycolytic activity. Mechanistically, the Nampt expression was independent of Kras and p16 status, but it was directly regulated by miR-206, which was inversely correlated with the expression of Nampt in PDAC tissues. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of Nampt by its inhibitor, FK866, significantly enhanced the antitumor activity of gemcitabine in PDAC cells and in orthotopic xenograft mouse models. In conclusion, the present study revealed a novel regulatory mechanism for Nampt in PDAC and suggested that Nampt inhibition may override gemcitabine resistance by decreasing the NAD level and suppressing glycolytic activity, warranting further clinical investigation for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Qiang Ju
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China; Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhuo-Nan Zhuang
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Hao Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China; Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tian Tian
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yun-Xin Lu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Fan
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hai-Jun Zhou
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hai-Yu Mo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Hui Sheng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Paul J Chiao
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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Lian PL, Liu Z, Yang GY, Zhao R, Zhang ZY, Chen YG, Zhuang ZN, Xu KS. Integrin αvβ6 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 correlate with survival in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:3852-3859. [PMID: 27076771 PMCID: PMC4814749 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i14.3852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of integrin αvβ6 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), their association with prognostic factors and to assess their predictive role in gastric cancer patients.
METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expressions of integrin αvβ6 and MMP-9 in 126 specimens from patients with primary gastric carcinoma. Associations between immunohistochemical staining and various clinic pathologic variables of tissue specimens were evaluated by the χ2 test and Fisher’s exact test. Expression correlation of αvβ6 and MMP-9 was assessed using bivariate correlation analysis. The patients were followed-up every 3 mo in the first two years and at least every 6 mo afterwards, with a median follow-up of 56 mo (ranging from 2 mo to 94 mo). Four different combinations of αvβ6 and MMP-9 levels (that is, both markers positive, both markers negative, αvβ6 positive with MMP-9 negative, and αvβ6 negative with MMP-9 positive) were evaluated for their relative effect on survival. The difference in survival curves was evaluated with a log-rank test. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox proportional hazards model analysis.
RESULTS: The expressions of integrin αvβ6 and MMP-9 were investigated in 126 cases, among which 34.92% were positive for αvβ6 expression, and 42.06% for MMP-9 expression. The expression of αvβ6 was associated with Lauren type, differentiation, N stage, and TNM stage (the P values were 0.006, 0.038, 0.016, and 0.002, respectively). While MMP-9 expression was associated with differentiation, T stage, N stage, and TNM stage (the P values were 0.039, 0.014, 0.033, and 0.008, respectively). The positive correlation between αvβ6 and MMP-9 in gastric cancer was confirmed by a correlation analysis. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with expression of αvβ6 or MMP-9 alone died earlier than those with negative expression and that patients who were both αvβ6 and MMP-9 positive had a shorter overall survival than those with the opposite pattern (both αvβ6 and MMP-9 negative) (P = 0.000). A Cox model indicated that positive expression of αvβ6 and MMP-9, diffuse Lauren type, as well as a senior grade of N stage, M stage, and TNM stage were predictors of a poor prognosis in univariate analysis. Only αvβ6 and MMP-9 retained their significance when adjustments were made for other known prognostic factors in multivariate analysis (RR = 2.632, P = 0.003 and RR = 1.813, P = 0.007).
CONCLUSION: The expression of αvβ6 and MMP-9 are closely correlated, and the combinational pattern of αvβ6 and MMP-9 can serve as a more effective prognostic index for gastric cancer patients.
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Ju H, Gocho T, Aguilar M, Zhuang ZN, Fu J, Wu M, Yanaga K, Huang P, Chiao P. Abstract A105: Mechanisms of overcoming intrinsic resistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through redox modulation. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.panca2014-a105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) usually develops intrinsic and extrinsic resistances to gemcitabine, and the mechanisms are not well understood. Here we found gemcitabine treatment induced NOX-derived ROS generation through the increase of p22-phox expression via NF-kappaB activation. As ROS levels increased, nuclear translocation of Nrf2 stimulated transcription of cytoprotective antioxidant genes, specially, those encoding enzymes that catalyze glutathione production to reduce elevated ROS as one of intrinsic resistance counter measures. RNAi depletion of Nrf2 enhanced the sensitivity to gemcitabine in multiple PDAC cells. The addition of beta–phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) inhibited the ROS detoxification process by reducing glutathione levels; this, in turn, increased the efficacy of gemcitabine in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our results provide novel pre-clinical knowledge in pancreatic cancer chemoresistance, and combination with a redoxmodulating compound to deplete antioxidants can overcome intrinsic gemcitabine resistance. Our study suggests that a redox-mediated pathway that contributes to the intrinsic resistance of PDAC to gemcitabine and provides a basis for developing strategies to preferentially kill PDAC cells through ROS-mediated mechanism. The combination of gemcitabine and PEITC demonstrates a coordinated and selective cytotoxic effect against pancreatic cancer cells and a new avenue for further clinical studies of this deadly disease. Thus, this combination strategy could prove valuable as a cancer treatment.
Note: These results were published in Molecular Cancer Therapeutics as a full-length article before the online publication of this abstract. Citation information: Mechanisms of Overcoming Intrinsic Resistance to Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma through the Redox Modulation. Huai-Qiang Ju, Takeshi Gocho, Mitzi Aguilar, Min Wu, Zhuo-Nan Zhuang, Jie Fu, Katsuhiko Yanaga, Peng Huang, and Paul J. Chiao. Mol Cancer Ther March 2015 14:788-798. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-14-0420.
Citation Format: Huaiqiang Ju, Takshi Gocho, Mitzi Aguilar, Zhuo-Nan Zhuang, Jie Fu, Min Wu, Katsuhiko Yanaga, Peng Huang, Paul Chiao. Mechanisms of overcoming intrinsic resistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through redox modulation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Innovations in Research and Treatment; May 18-21, 2014; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(13 Suppl):Abstract nr A105.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiqiang Ju
- 1Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology, Guangzhou, China,
| | - Takshi Gocho
- 2Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Mitzi Aguilar
- 3The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,
| | - Zhuo-Nan Zhuang
- 4Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong, Japan,
| | - Jie Fu
- 3The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,
| | - Min Wu
- 5The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,
| | - Katsuhiko Yanaga
- 2Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Peng Huang
- 3The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,
| | - Paul Chiao
- 6University of Texas, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
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Ju HQ, Gocho T, Aguilar M, Wu M, Zhuang ZN, Fu J, Yanaga K, Huang P, Chiao PJ. Mechanisms of Overcoming Intrinsic Resistance to Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma through the Redox Modulation. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 14:788-98. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Xiao SH, You JQ, Guo HF, Mei JY, Jiao PY, Yao MY, Zhuang ZN, Feng Z. Effect of artemether on phosphorylase, lactate dehydrogenase, adenosine triphosphatase, and glucosephosphate dehydrogenase of Schistosoma japonicum harbored in mice. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1999; 20:750-4. [PMID: 10678112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the effect of artemether (Art) on phosphorylase (PP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) of S japonicum. METHODS Mice infected with S. japonicum cercariae for 32-38 d were treated i.g. with Art 100-300 mg.kg-1 and killed 24-72 h after treatment for collection of schistosomes. The activities of PP, LDH, and G-6-PDH were measured by the formation of NADH or NADPH. The activity of ATPase was measured by the rate of release of inorganic phosphate (Pi) from ATP at 37 degrees C. RESULTS After infected mice were treated i.g. with Art 300 mg.kg-1 for 24-48 h, the activities of total PP and PPa (active form) increased markedly in both male and female worms, while PPb (inactive form) showed no or only a slight increase. At 24-72 h after the above-mentioned mice were treated i.g. with Art 100-300 mg.kg-1, the inhibitory rates of LDH and G-6-PDH were 9%-59% (male) and 41%-75% (female) as well as 22%-42% (male) and 74%-89% (female), respectively. When Art 300 mg.kg-1 was given to infected mice for 24 h, only the activity of Mg(2+)-ATPase showed marked inhibition in both male and female worms. At 48 h, the Ca(2+)-ATPase, Mg(2+)-ATPase, and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase were all inhibited, the inhibitory rates of 17% (male) and 19% (female), 32% (male) and 48% (female) as well as 29% (male) and 44% (female), respectively. CONCLUSION In schistosomes, the increase in the activity of AMP-independent PPa induced by Art may enhance the decomposition of glycogen and the inhibition of LDH by Art could reduce the formation of lactate. Moreover, Art exerts a potent inhibition on the G-6-PDH activity of the female S japonicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Xiao
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, China.
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