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Abdullah AN, Ahmad AH, Zakaria R, Tamam S, Abd Hamid AI, Chai WJ, Omar H, Abdul Rahman MR, Fitzrol DN, Idris Z, Ghani ARI, Wan Mohamad WNA, Mustafar F, Hanafi MH, Reza MF, Umar H, Mohd Zulkifly MF, Ang SY, Zakaria Z, Musa KI, Othman A, Embong Z, Sapiai NA, Kandasamy R, Ibrahim H, Abdullah MZ, Amaruchkul K, Valdes-Sosa PA, Bringas Vega ML, Biswal B, Songsiri J, Yaacob HS, Sumari P, Noh NA, Azman A, Jamir Singh PS, Abdullah JM. Disruption of white matter integrity and its relationship with cognitive function in non-severe traumatic brain injury. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1011304. [PMID: 36303559 PMCID: PMC9592834 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1011304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Impairment in cognitive function is a recognized outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the degree of impairment has variable relationship with TBI severity and time post injury. The underlying pathology is often due to diffuse axonal injury that has been found even in mild TBI. In this study, we examine the state of white matter putative connectivity in patients with non-severe TBI in the subacute phase, i.e., within 10 weeks of injury and determine its relationship with neuropsychological scores. Methods We conducted a case-control prospective study involving 11 male adult patients with non-severe TBI and an age-matched control group of 11 adult male volunteers. Diffusion MRI scanning and neuropsychological tests were administered within 10 weeks post injury. The difference in fractional anisotropy (FA) values between the patient and control groups was examined using tract-based spatial statistics. The FA values that were significantly different between patients and controls were then correlated with neuropsychological tests in the patient group. Results Several clusters with peak voxels of significant FA reductions (p < 0.05) in the white matter skeleton were seen in patients compared to the control group. These clusters were located in the superior fronto-occipital fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, and cingulum, as well as white matter fibers in the area of genu of corpus callosum, anterior corona radiata, superior corona radiata, anterior thalamic radiation and part of inferior frontal gyrus. Mean global FA magnitude correlated significantly with MAVLT immediate recall scores while matrix reasoning scores correlated positively with FA values in the area of right superior fronto-occipital fasciculus and left anterior corona radiata. Conclusion The non-severe TBI patients had abnormally reduced FA values in multiple regions compared to controls that correlated with several measures of executive function during the sub-acute phase of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimi Nadhiah Abdullah
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Asma Hayati Ahmad
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Asma Hayati Ahmad
| | - Rahimah Zakaria
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Sofina Tamam
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Aini Ismafairus Abd Hamid
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Wen Jia Chai
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Hazim Omar
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Riddha Abdul Rahman
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Diana Noma Fitzrol
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Zamzuri Idris
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Izaini Ghani
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Wan Nor Azlen Wan Mohamad
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Faiz Mustafar
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hafiz Hanafi
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Faruque Reza
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Hafidah Umar
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Faizal Mohd Zulkifly
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Song Yee Ang
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Zaitun Zakaria
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Kamarul Imran Musa
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Othman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Zunaina Embong
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Nur Asma Sapiai
- Department of Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | | | - Haidi Ibrahim
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaid Abdullah
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - Kannapha Amaruchkul
- Graduate School of Applied Statistics, National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pedro Antonio Valdes-Sosa
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The Cuban Neurosciences Center, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Maria Luisa Bringas Vega
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The Cuban Neurosciences Center, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Bharat Biswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Jitkomut Songsiri
- EE410 Control Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hamwira Sakti Yaacob
- Department of Computer Science, Kulliyah of Information and Communication Technology, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Putra Sumari
- School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azila Noh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Azlinda Azman
- School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Jafri Malin Abdullah
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
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Rosli AH, Nordin MH, Embong Z, Wan Hitam WH. White-eyed blowout fracture, child in danger: A case report. Malays Fam Physician 2022; 17:78-81. [PMID: 35440960 PMCID: PMC9004426 DOI: 10.51866/cr1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A white-eyed blowout fracture is an orbital floor fracture associated with restriction of ocular motility (suggestive of orbital content entrapment) but with minimal or absence of signs of soft tissue trauma. It can lead to significant patient morbidity. This case involved an 8-year-old boy with a white-eyed blowout fracture following facial trauma. He presented with binocular diplopia and a history of recurrent episodes of vomiting after the trauma and was referred to our centre for a suspected head injury. Visual acuity in both eyes was 6/9. Examination showed minimal left periorbital haematoma with left eye motility restriction on superior and medial gaze associated with pain. CT scan of the orbit showed left orbital floor fracture with minimal soft tissue entrapment. He underwent urgent open exploration of the left orbit and release of orbital tissue entrapment. Post-operatively, the left eye motility restriction improved significantly with resolution of diplopia. In conclusion, a high index of suspicion is crucial in diagnosing paediatric white-eyed blowout fractures due to lack of external ocular signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Hadi Rosli
- MD (UKM), MMED (Ophthal) (USM), Department of Ophthalmology Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd-Hudzaifah Nordin
- MD (USIM), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zunaina Embong
- MD (UKM), MMed (Ophthal)(USM) FADUSM, AM(Malaysia), Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan-Hazabbah Wan Hitam
- M.D (USM), M.Surg (Ophthal)(UKM) FADUSM, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia,
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Abdul Rahman MR, Abd Hamid AI, Noh NA, Omar H, Chai WJ, Idris Z, Ahmad AH, Fitzrol DN, Ab. Ghani ARIG, Wan Mohamad WNA, Mohamed Mustafar MF, Hanafi MH, Reza MF, Umar H, Mohd Zulkifly MF, Ang SY, Zakaria Z, Musa KI, Othman A, Embong Z, Sapiai NA, Kandasamy R, Ibrahim H, Abdullah MZ, Amaruchkul K, Valdes-Sosa P, Luisa-Bringas M, Biswal B, Songsiri J, Yaacob HS, Sumari P, Jamir Singh PS, Azman A, Abdullah JM. Alteration in the Functional Organization of the Default Mode Network Following Closed Non-severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:833320. [PMID: 35418832 PMCID: PMC8995774 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.833320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The debilitating effect of traumatic brain injury (TBI) extends years after the initial injury and hampers the recovery process and quality of life. In this study, we explore the functional reorganization of the default mode network (DMN) of those affected with non-severe TBI. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a wide-spectrum disease that has heterogeneous effects on its victims and impacts everyday functioning. The functional disruption of the default mode network (DMN) after TBI has been established, but its link to causal effective connectivity remains to be explored. This study investigated the differences in the DMN between healthy participants and mild and moderate TBI, in terms of functional and effective connectivity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Nineteen non-severe TBI (mean age 30.84 ± 14.56) and twenty-two healthy (HC; mean age 27.23 ± 6.32) participants were recruited for this study. Resting-state fMRI data were obtained at the subacute phase (mean days 40.63 ± 10.14) and analyzed for functional activation and connectivity, independent component analysis, and effective connectivity within and between the DMN. Neuropsychological tests were also performed to assess the cognitive and memory domains. Compared to the HC, the TBI group exhibited lower activation in the thalamus, as well as significant functional hypoconnectivity between DMN and LN. Within the DMN nodes, decreased activations were detected in the left inferior parietal lobule, precuneus, and right superior frontal gyrus. Altered effective connectivities were also observed in the TBI group and were linked to the diminished activation in the left parietal region and precuneus. With regard to intra-DMN connectivity within the TBI group, positive correlations were found in verbal and visual memory with the language network, while a negative correlation was found in the cognitive domain with the visual network. Our results suggested that aberrant activities and functional connectivities within the DMN and with other RSNs were accompanied by the altered effective connectivities in the TBI group. These alterations were associated with impaired cognitive and memory domains in the TBI group, in particular within the language domain. These findings may provide insight for future TBI observational and interventional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riddha Abdul Rahman
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- School of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- Brain and Behavior Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Aini Ismafairus Abd Hamid
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Brain and Behavior Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Aini Ismafairus Abd Hamid,
| | - Nor Azila Noh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Hazim Omar
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Brain and Behavior Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Wen Jia Chai
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Brain and Behavior Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Zamzuri Idris
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Brain and Behavior Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Asma Hayati Ahmad
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Diana Noma Fitzrol
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Brain and Behavior Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Ab. Rahman Izaini Ghani Ab. Ghani
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Brain and Behavior Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Wan Nor Azlen Wan Mohamad
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Brain and Behavior Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Faiz Mohamed Mustafar
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Brain and Behavior Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hafiz Hanafi
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Brain and Behavior Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Faruque Reza
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Brain and Behavior Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Hafidah Umar
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Brain and Behavior Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Faizal Mohd Zulkifly
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Brain and Behavior Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Song Yee Ang
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Brain and Behavior Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Zaitun Zakaria
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Brain and Behavior Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Kamarul Imran Musa
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Othman
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Zunaina Embong
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Nur Asma Sapiai
- Department of Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | | | - Haidi Ibrahim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaid Abdullah
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - Kannapha Amaruchkul
- Graduate School of Applied Statistics, National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pedro Valdes-Sosa
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The Cuban Neurosciences Center, Havana, Cuba
| | - Maria Luisa-Bringas
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The Cuban Neurosciences Center, Havana, Cuba
| | - Bharat Biswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Jitkomut Songsiri
- EE410 Control Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hamwira Sakti Yaacob
- Department of Computer Science, Kulliyah of Information and Communication Technology, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Putra Sumari
- School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia
| | | | - Azlinda Azman
- School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia
| | - Jafri Malin Abdullah
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Brain and Behavior Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
- Jafri Malin Abdullah,
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Ooi AZH, Embong Z, Abd Hamid AI, Zainon R, Wang SL, Ng TF, Hamzah RA, Teoh SS, Ibrahim H. Interactive Blood Vessel Segmentation from Retinal Fundus Image Based on Canny Edge Detector. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21196380. [PMID: 34640698 PMCID: PMC8512020 DOI: 10.3390/s21196380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Optometrists, ophthalmologists, orthoptists, and other trained medical professionals use fundus photography to monitor the progression of certain eye conditions or diseases. Segmentation of the vessel tree is an essential process of retinal analysis. In this paper, an interactive blood vessel segmentation from retinal fundus image based on Canny edge detection is proposed. Semi-automated segmentation of specific vessels can be done by simply moving the cursor across a particular vessel. The pre-processing stage includes the green color channel extraction, applying Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE), and retinal outline removal. After that, the edge detection techniques, which are based on the Canny algorithm, will be applied. The vessels will be selected interactively on the developed graphical user interface (GUI). The program will draw out the vessel edges. After that, those vessel edges will be segmented to bring focus on its details or detect the abnormal vessel. This proposed approach is useful because different edge detection parameter settings can be applied to the same image to highlight particular vessels for analysis or presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ze Hwan Ooi
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (A.Z.H.O.); (S.S.T.)
| | - Zunaina Embong
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Aini Ismafairus Abd Hamid
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
- Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Zainon
- Oncological and Radiological Sciences Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, SAINS@BERTAM, Kepala Batas 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
| | - Shir Li Wang
- Faculty of Art, Computing and Creative Industry, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim 35900, Perak, Malaysia;
| | - Theam Foo Ng
- Centre of Global Sustainability Studies (CGSS), Level 5, Hamzah Sendut Library, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
| | - Rostam Affendi Hamzah
- Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Elektrik dan Elektronik, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia;
| | - Soo Siang Teoh
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (A.Z.H.O.); (S.S.T.)
| | - Haidi Ibrahim
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (A.Z.H.O.); (S.S.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Rosli AH, Nadarajan C, Abdullah B, Embong Z, Wan Hitam WH. Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma – a rare cause of proptosis in elderly. Pediatr Med Rodz 2020; 16:334-336. [DOI: 10.15557/pimr.2020.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma is a rare and extremely aggressive sinonasal tract malignancy. It is a rapidly enlarging tumour and a highly destructive lesion. We hereby report a 71-year-old Malay male with progressive left proptosis for one month, associated with reduced vision in the left eye, intermittent diplopia and anosmia. He was later diagnosed as having sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma. The patient subsequently underwent a series of radiotherapy and showed improvement following treatment. This case was reported to highlight the importance identifying this entity and emphasise that sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma should be considered in an elderly patient with proptosis associated with nasal symptoms.
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Mohd Khair SZN, Ismail AS, Embong Z, Mohamed Yusoff AA. Detection of FZD4, LRP5 and TSPAN12 Genes Variants in Malay Premature Babies with Retinopathy of Prematurity. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2019; 14:171-178. [PMID: 31114654 PMCID: PMC6504731 DOI: 10.4103/jovr.jovr_210_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the mutational analyses of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR)-causing genes in Malay patients with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) to obtain preliminary data for gene alterations in the Malay community. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study involving 86 Malay premature babies (ROP = 41 and non-ROP = 45) was performed from September 2012 to December 2014. Mutation analyses in (FEVR)-causing genes (NDP, FZD4, LRP5, and TSPAN12) were performed using DNA from premature babies using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. Sequencing results were confirmed with PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Results: We found variants of FZD4, LRP5, and TSPAN12 in this study. One patient from each group showed a non-synonymous alteration in FZD4, c.502C>T (p.P168S). A synonymous variant of LRP5 [c.3357G>A (p.V1119V)] was found in 30 ROP and 28 non-ROP patients. Two variants of TSPAN12, c.765G>T (p.P255P) and c.*39C>T (3′UTR), were also recorded (29 and 21 in ROP, 33 and 26 in non-ROP, respectively). Gestational age and birth weight were found to be significantly associated with ROP (P value < 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Analysis of data obtained from the ROP Malay population will enhance our understanding of these FEVR-causing gene variants. The c.3357G>A (p.V1119V) variant of LRP5, and c.765G>T (p.P255P) and c.*39C>T variants of TSPAN12 could be common polymorphisms in the Malay ethnic group; however, this requires further elucidation. Future studies using larger groups and higher numbers of advanced cases are necessary to evaluate the relationship between FEVR-causing gene variants and the risk of ROP susceptibility in Malaysian infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Zulaikha Nashwa Mohd Khair
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Salim Ismail
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zunaina Embong
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Aziz Mohamed Yusoff
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Joel ES, Maxwell O, Adewoyin OO, Olawole OC, Arijaje TE, Embong Z, Saeed MA. Investigation of natural environmental radioactivity concentration in soil of coastaline area of Ado-Odo/Ota Nigeria and its radiological implications. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4219. [PMID: 30862825 PMCID: PMC6414599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural radioactivity in coastaline area soil of Ado-Odo/Ota has been carried out to ascertain the presence of radionuclides using gamma-ray spectroscopy (HPGe detector). The result showed that U-238, Th-232 and K-40 ranged from 24 ± 7-49 ± 10; 67 ± 6-120 ± 9 and 88 ± 17-139 ± 20 Bqkg-1 respectively. The radium equivalent for the samples ranged from 132.51 to 230.91 Bqkg-1 with mean value of 185.89 Bqkg-1. The mean value for the gamma dose rate for the soil samples was estimated to be 81.32 nGyh-1. The estimated values of annual effective dose equivalent ranged from 0.61 to 1.07 mSv y-1. The estimation of alpha index representative (Iα) ranged from 0.12 to 0.24 with mean value of 0.21 while the gamma representative index ranged between 0.465 and 0.810. The activity utilization index of the soil samples ranged from 1.09 to 1.89 with mean value of 1.53. The radiological implication in the study area has shown that the soil samples with gamma dose rate value of 89.99 nGyh-1, 94.39 nGyh-1, 97.40 nGyh-1 and 101.04 nGyh-1 respectively are higher than the recommended value of 80 nGyh-1 and may pose health implication for long term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Joel
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - O Maxwell
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - O O Adewoyin
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - O C Olawole
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - T E Arijaje
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Z Embong
- Faculty of Applied Science and Teknologi, (FAST) Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia Pagoh Campus. Km 1, Jalan Panchor, 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | - M A Saeed
- Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Township, Lahore, Pakistan
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Joel E, Maxwell O, Adewoyin O, Ehi-Eromosele C, Embong Z, Saeed M. Assessment of natural radionuclides and its radiological hazards from tiles made in Nigeria. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Joel E, Maxwell O, Adewoyin O, Ehi-Eromosele C, Embong Z, Oyawoye F. Assessment of natural radioactivity in various commercial tiles used for building purposes in Nigeria. MethodsX 2018; 5:8-19. [PMID: 29387568 PMCID: PMC5771965 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the activity concentration of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) for fifteen (15) different brands of tile samples used for building purposes in Nigeria. The tile samples were analyzed using High purity Germanium gamma detector. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were observed to be 61.1 ± 5.5 Bq/kg, 70.2 ± 6.08 Bq/kg and 514.7 ± 59.8 Bq/kg respectively. Various hazard indices such as absorbed dose rate, external and internal hazard index, annual effective dose rate, Gamma activity Index (Iγ) and Alpha Index (Iα) were calculated. The obtained results showed that the mean radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the absorbed dose rate (D), external and internal hazard index, the annual effective dose (AEDR) equivalent, Gamma activity Index (Iγ) and Alpha Index (Iα) were: 204.42 Bq/kg, 177.61 nGyh-1, 0.55, 0.77, 0.96 mSvyr-1, 0.74 and 0.32 respectively. The average value of radium equivalent obtained in this study is less than that of the recommended value of 370 Bq/kg but the average values of the other radiological hazards for some samples are found to be slightly above international recommended values except Hex, Hin and AEDE which are within the international reference value of unity. The measured concentrations of these radioactive materials were correlated with other previous result obtained from similar tile materials used in other countries and found to be in good agreement with the international standard, however, the tiles are recommended for decoration purposes in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.S. Joel
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Nigeria
| | - O. Maxwell
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Nigeria
| | - O.O. Adewoyin
- Department of Physics, Covenant University Ota, Nigeria
| | | | - Z. Embong
- Faculty of Applied Science and Teknologi, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia Pagoh Campus. km 1, Jalan Panchor 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | - F. Oyawoye
- Department of Geosciences, University of Lagos, Nigeria
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Gani P, Sunar NM, Matias-Peralta HM, Latiff AAA, Parjo UK, Embong Z, Khalid A, Tajudin SAA. The potential of biodiesel production fromBotryococcussp. biomass after phycoremediation of domestic and industrial wastewater. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/160/1/012048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Mohd Ali MH, Draman N, Mohamed WM, Yaakub A, Embong Z. Predictors of proliferative diabetic retinopathy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Malaysia as detected by fundus photography. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Mohamed Johar S, Embong Z. The optimisation of electrokinetic remediation for heavy metals and radioactivity contamination on Holyrood-Lunas soil (acrisol species) in Sri Gading Industrial Area, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2015; 167:160-164. [PMID: 25920778 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The optimisation of electrokinetic remediation of an alluvial soil, locally named as Holyrood-Lunas from Sri Gading Industrial Area, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia, had been conducted in this research. This particular soil was chosen due to its relatively high level of background radiation in a range between 139.2 and 539.4 nGy h(-1). As the background radiation is correlated to the amount of parent nuclides, (238)U and (232)Th, hence, a remediation technique, such as electrokinetic, is very useful in reducing these particular concentrations of heavy metal and radionuclides in soils. Several series of electrokinetics experiments were performed in laboratory scale in order to study the influence of certain electrokinetic parameters in soil. The concentration before (pre-electrokinetic) and after the experiment (post-electrokinetic) was determined via X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis technique. The best electrokinetic parameter that contributed to the highest achievable concentration removal of heavy metals and radionuclides on each experimental series was incorporated into a final electrokinetic experiment. Here, High Pure Germanium (HPGe) was used for radioactivity elemental analysis. The XRF results suggested that the most optimised electrokinetic parameters for Cr, Ni, Zn, As, Pb, Th and U were 3.0 h, 90 volts, 22.0 cm, plate-shaped electrode by 8 × 8 cm and in 1-D configuration order whereas the selected optimised electrokinetic parameters gave very low reduction of (238)U and (232)Th at 0.23 ± 2.64 and 2.74 ± 23.78 ppm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mohamed Johar
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Human Development, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Z Embong
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Human Development, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia Research Center for Soft Soil (RECESS), Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
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Maxwell O, Wagiran H, Lee S, Embong Z, Ugwuoke P. Radioactivity level and toxic elemental concentration in groundwater at Dei-Dei and Kubwa areas of Abuja, north-central Nigeria. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sahdan M, Nurfazliana M, Kamaruddin S, Embong Z, Ahmad Z, Saim H. Fabrication and Characterization of Crystalline Cupric Oxide (CuO) Films by Simple Immersion Method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Herein, we report our experience in treating extensive traumatic submacular hemorrhage with a single dose of intravitreal ranibizumab. A 23-year-old healthy Malay man presented with a progressive reduction of central vision in the left eye of 2 days’ duration following a history of blunt trauma. Visual acuity was reduced to counting fingers. Examination revealed infero-temporal subconjunctival hemorrhage, traumatic anterior uveitis, and an extensive sub-macular hemorrhage with suspicion of a choroidal rupture in the affected eye. He was initially treated conservatively with topical prednisolone acetate 1%. The subconjunctival hemorrhage and anterior uveitis resolved but his vision remained poor with minimal resolution of the submacular hemorrhage at 1 week follow-up (day 12 post-trauma). In view of the poor resolution of submacular hemorrhage, he was treated with a single dose of 0.5 mg intravitreal ranibizumab at day 20 post-trauma. At 4 weeks post-intravitreal ranibizumab, there was an improvement in visual acuity (from counting fingers to 6/45) and complete resolution of the submacular hemorrhage with presence of a choroidal rupture scar temporal to the fovea, which was not seen clearly at presentation due to obscuration by blood. His visual acuity further improved to 6/18 at 3 months post-trauma. Although this single case had a favorable outcome, a large population cohort study is needed to establish the effectiveness of intravitreal ranibizumab in treating extensive traumatic submacular hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Abdul-Salim
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia
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Lee KF, Abdul Rahim A, Raja Azmi MN, Wan Hazabbah WH, Embong Z, Noramazlan R, Zulkifli AG, Alagaratnam JV, Jamalia R, Sunder R, I S. Ultrasonographic findings in eyes with retinopathy of prematurity in malaysia. Med J Malaysia 2013; 68:39-43. [PMID: 23466765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RetCam is an excellent screening tool for the detection of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). However, affordability is a barrier when adopting the use of RetCam in developing countries. We aimed to describe different stages of ROP using ultrasonographic B-scan and to evaluate the association between funduscopic examinations and ultrasonographic B-scan findings in premature neonates with ROP in Malaysia. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in 90 eyes of 47 premature neonates with different stages of ROP in three tertiary hospitals in Malaysia. Experienced ophthalmologists performed detailed funduscopic examinations using binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy (BIO). A masked examiner performed a 10 MHz ultrasonographic B-scan evaluation with 12 meridian position images within 48 hours of clinical diagnosis. Data from the clinical examination and ultrasonographic findings were collected and analysed. We recruited 37 eyes (41.1%) with stage 1 ROP, 29 eyes (32.3%) with stage 2, 18 eyes (20.0%) with stage 3, and 3 eyes (3.3%) with stages 4 and 5 based on the clinical assessment. Ultrasonography correctly identified 3 (8.1%) stage 1 eyes, 17 (58.6%) stage 2 eyes, 13 (72.2%) stage 3 eyes, and 3 each (100%) of the stage 4 and 5 eyes. There was a significant association between the funduscopic signs and the ultrasound findings for stage 2 ROP and above (Fisher's exact test, p <0.001). In conclusion, all stages of ROP were detected and described with a 10 MHz ultrasonic B-scan system. A significant association was observed between funduscopic signs and ultrasonographic findings in premature Malaysian neonates with stage 2 ROP and above.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Lee
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Ismail AS, Taharin R, Embong Z. Topical cyclosporin as an alternative treatment for vision threatening blepharokeratoconjunctivitis: a case report. Int Med Case Rep J 2012; 5:33-7. [PMID: 23754920 PMCID: PMC3658251 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s29960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, a case of vision threatening blepharokeratoconjunctivitis that responded well to topical cyclosporin is reported. A 9-year-old Malay girl with a history of bilateral blepharokeratoconjunctivitis was regularly treated with lid scrubbing using diluted baby shampoo, fusidic acid gel, and topical steroids as well as an intermittent course of oral doxycycline for the past year. She developed acute onset bilateral eye redness associated with poor vision in her right eye. Both eyes showed marked diffuse hyperemic conjunctiva with corneal vascularization. The presence of corneal vascularization obscured the visual axis in the right eye. The condition did not improve with regular intensive lid hygiene using diluted baby shampoo, fusidic acid gel, and topical steroids. She was started on topical cyclosporin A 0.5% every 6 hours. There was a dramatic regression of corneal vascularization after 3 days on topical cyclosporin, with marked improvement in visual acuity. This is a single case in which cyclosporin improved the status of the ocular surface. A large cohort study is required to justify its effectiveness in treating blepharokeratoconjunctivitis and to test its potential as an alternative immunosuppressive agent in comparison to conventional corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Salim Ismail
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan ; Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Jalan Resindensi, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Ismail S, Wan Hazabbah WH, Muhd-Nor NI, Daud J, Embong Z. Clinical profile and aetiology of optic neuritis in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia--5 years review. Med J Malaysia 2012; 67:159-164. [PMID: 22822635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although few studies concerning optic neuritis (ON) in Asian countries have been reported, there is no report about ON in Malaysia particularly within the Malay population. We aimed to determine the clinical manifestation, visual outcome and aetiology of ON in Malays, and discussed the literature of ON studies in other Asian populations. This was a retrospective study involving 31 consecutive patients (41 eyes) with ON treated at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia commencing from July 2005 till January 2010 with a period of follow-up ranging from 18-60 months. The clinical features, laboratory results, possible aetiology, and visual acuity after one year were analysed. Females were the predominant group. The age of the patients ranged between 3-55 years and peaked between 21-30 years old. 67.7% of the patients had unilateral involvement. Pain on ocular movement was observed in 31.7% of the affected eyes. 73.3% of 41 involved eyes showed visual acuity equal 6/60 or worse on presentation. Paracentral scotoma was the most common visual field defect noted. Optic disc papillitis proved more widespread compared to the retrobulbar type of ON. The aetiology was idiopathic in more than 50%, while the risk of multiple sclerosis was extremely low (3.2%) in our series. 66.0% demonstrating visual acuity improved to 6/12 or better at one year after the attack. 16.1% showed evidence of recurrence during follow-up. In conclusion, the clinical profile and aetiology of ON in Malay patients are comparable to other ON studies reported by other Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatriah Ismail
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Subramaniam S, Min Tet C, Hazabbah Wan Hitam W, Hussein A, Ahmed Khan S, Kanti Pal H, Embong Z. Orbital apex syndrome after tooth extraction in an immunocompromised patient. Int J Ophthalmol 2011; 4:112-4. [PMID: 22553623 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2011.01.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A 60 year-old man presented with acute on set of left eye proptosis and ptosis. It was associated with poor vision, eye pain and restriction of eye movement of the same eye after 5 hours post left upper molar tooth extraction. The visual acuity in the left eye was hand movement. There was severe ptosis and proptosis of the left eye. The conjunctiva was chemotic with quite anterior chamber. The pupil was mid dilated and sluggished to light. The ocular movement was restricted in all directions. Fundoscopy of the left eye revealed features of central retinal artery occlusion with hyperaemic disc and subretinal exudates at posterior pole. The right eye appeared normal. Urgent MRI brain and orbit revealed severe left paranasal sinusitis with anterior displacement of the left globe and presence orbital abscess. Patient was managed with Otorhinolaryngology and Neurosurgery teams. He underwent emergency transnasal drainage of abscess. Histopathological examination of unhealthy sinus mucosa showed evidence of fungal infection. However, the culture and sensitivity result was inconclusive. Patient was treated with amphotericin B, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin clavulanate and metronidazole. Patient was detected to have high blood sugar level and was managed accordingly. The proptosis improved with treatment. However, his vision, ptosis and ophthalmoplegia remained static. Assessing the immunocompromised status is important for the management of patient presented as acute orbital apex syndrome to avoid fatal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Subramaniam
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Pan SW, Yusof NS, Hitam WHW, Noor RAM, Embong Z. Syphilitic uveitis: report of 3 cases. Int J Ophthalmol 2010; 3:361-4. [PMID: 22553594 PMCID: PMC3340753 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2010.04.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the clinical manifestations and visual outcome of syphilitic uveitis patients. METHODS Case series of three patients with syphilitic uveitis who were managed in Hospital USM. RESULTS Three patients were diagnosed to have uveitis secondary to Syphilis. All three patients were not known to have syphilis prior to presentation but have positive history of sexual promiscuity. All patients presented with progressive blurring of vision for average of one-month duration. Two of them have association with fever, ocular pain and floaters. Visual acuity at presentation ranges from 6/12 to hand movement. Mild anterior uveitis (non-granulomatous), vitritis and papillitis were presence in all the patients. First patient has multifocal chorioretinitis with exudative retinal detachment. The second patient presented with exudative retinal detachment while the third patient has chorioretinitis only. All the patients were treated with intramuscular benzyl-penicillin 2.4 MU weekly for 4 weeks and two of them received oral doxycycline 200mg twice daily for 3 months. The uveitis responded well to the treatment and two of them showed dramatic visual improvement from 6/120 to 6/21 and 6/12 to 6/6. The one with worse outcome was confirmed to have positive retroviral. CONCLUSION Ocular syphilis presented here as non-granulomatous inflammation associated with exudative retinal detachment. Final visual outcome is generally good despite slow improvement after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Wei Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Jasman AA, Shaharuddin B, Noor RAM, Ismail S, Ghani ZA, Embong Z. Prediction error and accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation in pediatric patient comparing SRK II and Pediatric IOL Calculator. BMC Ophthalmol 2010; 10:20. [PMID: 20738840 PMCID: PMC2936388 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-10-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite growing number of intraocular lens power calculation formulas, there is no evidence that these formulas have good predictive accuracy in pediatric, whose eyes are still undergoing rapid growth and refractive changes. This study is intended to compare the prediction error and the accuracy of predictability of intraocular lens power calculation in pediatric patients at 3 month post cataract surgery with primary implantation of an intraocular lens using SRK II versus Pediatric IOL Calculator for pediatric intraocular lens calculation. Pediatric IOL Calculator is a modification of SRK II using Holladay algorithm. This program attempts to predict the refraction of a pseudophakic child as he grows, using a Holladay algorithm model. This model is based on refraction measurements of pediatric aphakic eyes. Pediatric IOL Calculator uses computer software for intraocular lens calculation. Methods This comparative study consists of 31 eyes (24 patients) that successfully underwent cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantations. All patients were 12 years old and below (range: 4 months to 12 years old). Patients were randomized into 2 groups; SRK II group and Pediatric IOL Calculator group using envelope technique sampling procedure. Intraocular lens power calculations were made using either SRK II or Pediatric IOL Calculator for pediatric intraocular lens calculation based on the printed technique selected for every patient. Thirteen patients were assigned for SRK II group and another 11 patients for Pediatric IOL Calculator group. For SRK II group, the predicted postoperative refraction is based on the patient's axial length and is aimed for emmetropic at the time of surgery. However for Pediatric IOL Calculator group, the predicted postoperative refraction is aimed for emmetropic spherical equivalent at age 2 years old. The postoperative refractive outcome was taken as the spherical equivalent of the refraction at 3 month postoperative follow-up. The data were analysed to compare the mean prediction error and the accuracy of predictability of intraocular lens power calculation between SRK II and Pediatric IOL Calculator. Results There were 16 eyes in SRK II group and 15 eyes in Pediatric IOL Calculator group. The mean prediction error in the SRK II group was 1.03 D (SD, 0.69 D) while in Pediatric IOL Calculator group was 1.14 D (SD, 1.19 D). The SRK II group showed lower prediction error of 0.11 D compared to Pediatric IOL Calculator group, but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.74). There were 3 eyes (18.75%) in SRK II group achieved acccurate predictability where the refraction postoperatively was within ± 0.5 D from predicted refraction compared to 7 eyes (46.67%) in the Pediatric IOL Calculator group. However the difference of the accuracy of predictability of postoperative refraction between the two formulas was also not statistically significant (p = 0.097). Conclusions The prediction error and the accuracy of predictability of postoperative refraction in pediatric cataract surgery are comparable between SRK II and Pediatric IOL Calculator. The existence of the Pediatric IOL Calculator provides an alternative to the ophthalmologist for intraocular lens calculation in pediatric patients. Relatively small sample size and unequal distribution of patients especially the younger children (less than 3 years) with a short time follow-up (3 months), considering spherical equivalent only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azlyn-Azwa Jasman
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Ismail S, Khairy-Shamel ST, Hussein A, Shaharuddin B, Embong Z, Ibrahim M. Spontaneous bilateral anterior lens dislocation in an 8-year-old girl. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2010; 47:111-3. [PMID: 20349906 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20100308-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe recurrent lens dislocation into the anterior chamber in a young girl with homocystinuria. The patient's 12-year-old sister died after a cerebrovascular accident caused by the same disease. This report highlights the importance of early dietary restrictions and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatriah Ismail
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Embong Z, Wan Hitam WH, Yean CY, Rashid NHA, Kamarudin B, Abidin SKZ, Osman S, Zainuddin ZF, Ravichandran M. Specific detection of fungal pathogens by 18S rRNA gene PCR in microbial keratitis. BMC Ophthalmol 2008; 8:7. [PMID: 18445283 PMCID: PMC2413208 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-8-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The sensitivity and specificity of 18S rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the detection of fungal aetiology of microbial keratitis was determined in thirty patients with clinical diagnosis of microbial keratitis. Methods Corneal scrapings from patients were used for Gram stain, culture and PCR analysis. PCR was performed with primer pairs targeted to the 18S rRNA gene. The result of the PCR was compared with conventional culture and Gram staining method. The PCR positive samples were identified by DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene. Main outcome measures were sensitivity and specificity of PCR in the detection of fungus in corneal keratitis. Results Combination of microscopy and culture gave a positive result in 11 of 30 samples of microbial keratitis. PCR detected 10 of 11 samples that were positive by conventional method. One of the 19 samples that was negative by conventional method was positive by PCR. Statistical analysis revealed that the PCR to have a sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 94.7% in the detection of a fungal aetiology in microbial keratitis. Conclusion PCR is a rapid, sensitive and useful method to detect fungal aetiology in microbial keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunaina Embong
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.
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Embong Z, Ismail S, Thanaraj A, Hussein A. Dental infection presenting with ipsilateral parapharyngeal abscess and contralateral orbital cellulitis - a case report. Malays J Med Sci 2007; 14:62-66. [PMID: 22993494 PMCID: PMC3442629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2005] [Accepted: 12/03/2006] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A 43 year-old man presented with pain on the right tooth for three days duration. Computed tomography showed left orbital cellulitis and right parapharyngeal abscess. There was also evidence suggestive of a dental abscess over right upper alveolar region. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed left superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis. Emergency drainage of the right parapharyngeal abscess was performed. Right maxillary molar extraction revealed periapical abscess. Left eye proptosis markedly reduced after initiating heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunaina Embong
- Corresponding Author : Dr. Zunaina Embong MD (UKM), MMED (Ophthal) (USM), Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia, Tel: 019-9396868, Fax no: (6)09 7653370,
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Ismail S, Embong Z, Hitam WHW. Gallium scan in diagnosing ocular sarcoidosis. Malays J Med Sci 2005; 12:64-67. [PMID: 22605949 PMCID: PMC3349415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2004] [Accepted: 06/11/2004] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A 40-year-old man presented with floaters and painless progressive blurring of vision in the right eye for one month duration. Visual acuity in the right eye was 6/24. There was mild anterior chamber reaction and vitritis. The optic disc was swollen and elevated with presence of granulomatous lesion in the optic disc head. Blood investigations were unremarkable. Serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was normal and conjunctival biopsy showed presence of inflammatory cells. B-Scan ultrasound revealed an echo-dense lesion in the optic nerve head. There was increased uptake of the right lacrimal gland and presence of 'Panda sign' with Gallium scan. A diagnosis of right ocular sarcoidosis was made base on the clinical features and Gallium scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatriah Ismail
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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