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Källberg E, Mehmeti-Ajradini M, Björk Gunnarsdottir F, Göransson M, Bergenfelz C, Allaoui Fredriksson R, Hagerling C, Johansson ME, Welinder C, Jirström K, Leandersson K. AIRE is expressed in breast cancer TANs and TAMs to regulate the extrinsic apoptotic pathway and inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:664-678. [PMID: 38060995 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The autoimmune regulator (AIRE) is a transcriptional regulator expressed in the thymus and is necessary for maintaining immunological self-tolerance. Extrathymic AIRE expression is rare, and a role for AIRE in tumor-associated innate immune cells has not yet been established. In this study, we show that AIRE is expressed in human pro-tumor neutrophils. In breast cancer, AIRE was primarily located to tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), and to a lesser extent to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor cells. Expression of AIRE in TAN/TAMs, but not in cancer cells, was associated with an adverse prognosis. We show that the functional role for AIRE in neutrophils and macrophages is to regulate expression of immune mediators and the extrinsic apoptotic pathway involving the Fas/TNFR death receptors and cathepsin G. Here, we propose that the role for AIRE in TAN/TAMs in breast tumors is to regulate cell death and inflammation, thus promoting tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Källberg
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Jan Waldenströmsg 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Meliha Mehmeti-Ajradini
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Jan Waldenströmsg 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Frida Björk Gunnarsdottir
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Jan Waldenströmsg 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marcus Göransson
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Jan Waldenströmsg 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Caroline Bergenfelz
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Jan Waldenströmsg 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Roni Allaoui Fredriksson
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Jan Waldenströmsg 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Catharina Hagerling
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Jan Waldenströmsg 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Martin E Johansson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, Vasaparken Universitetsplatsen 1, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Welinder
- Mass Spectrometry, Department for Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Oncology and Therapeutic Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Leandersson
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Jan Waldenströmsg 35, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
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Shahim B, Xu H, Haugaa K, Zetterberg H, Jurga J, Religa D, Eriksdotter M. Cholinesterase inhibitors are associated with reduced mortality in patients with Alzheimer's disease and previous myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother 2024; 10:128-136. [PMID: 38224338 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvad102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are the first-line symptomatic pharmacologic treatment for patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the target organ for this group of drugs is the brain, inhibition of the enzyme may affect cardiac function through vagotonic and anti-inflammatory effects. OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of ChEIs on outcomes in patients with AD who have experienced myocardial infarction (MI) prior to the AD diagnosis. METHODS Patients who had experienced MI before they were diagnosed with AD or Alzheimer's mixed dementia between 2008 and 2018 were identified from the Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem, www.svedem.se), which was linked to the National Patient Registry to obtain data on MI and mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression model among a propensity score-matched dataset was performed to assess the association between ChEI treatment and clinical outcomes. RESULTS Of 3198 patients with previous MI and a diagnosis of AD or mixed dementia, 1705 (53%) were on treatment with ChEIs. Patients treated with ChEIs were more likely to be younger and have a better overall cardiovascular (CV) risk profile. The incidence rate of all-cause death (per 1000 patient-years) in the propensity-matched cohort of 1016 ChEI users and 1016 non-users was 168.6 in patients on treatment with ChEIs compared with 190.7 in patients not on treatment with ChEIs. In this propensity-matched cohort, treatment with ChEIs was associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.71-0.92) and a greater reduction with higher doses of ChEIs. While in the unadjusted analysis, ChEIs were associated with a lower risk of both CV and non-CV death, only the association with non-CV death remained significant after accounting for baseline differences. CONCLUSION Treatment with ChEIs was associated with a significantly reduced risk of all-cause death, driven by lower rates of non-CV death in a nationwide cohort of patients with previous MI and a diagnosis of AD or mixed dementia. These associations were greater with higher ChEI doses. CONDENSED ABSTRACT We assessed the association between cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) and clinical outcomes in a nationwide cohort of patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI) and a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mixed dementi. In propensity-matched analysis, treatment with ChEIs was associated with a 19% reduction in all-cause death driven by non-cardiovascular death. The reduction in all-cause death was greater with the higher doses of ChEIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahira Shahim
- Heart, Vascular and Neuro Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Haugaa
- Heart, Vascular and Neuro Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 41345 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Juliane Jurga
- Heart, Vascular and Neuro Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dorota Religa
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Maria Eriksdotter
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
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Timar L, Job X, Orban de Xivry JJ, Kilteni K. Aging exerts a limited influence on the perception of self-generated and externally generated touch. J Neurophysiol 2023; 130:871-882. [PMID: 37609705 PMCID: PMC10642979 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00145.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Touch generated by our voluntary movements is attenuated both at the perceptual and neural levels compared with touch of the same intensity delivered to our body by another person or machine. This somatosensory attenuation phenomenon relies on the integration of somatosensory input and predictions about the somatosensory consequences of our actions. Previous studies have reported increased somatosensory attenuation in elderly people, proposing an overreliance on sensorimotor predictions to compensate for age-related declines in somatosensory perception; however, recent results have challenged this direct relationship. In a preregistered study, we used a force-discrimination task to assess whether aging increases somatosensory attenuation and whether this increase is explained by decreased somatosensory precision in elderly individuals. Although 94% of our sample (n = 108, 21-77 yr old) perceived their self-generated touches as weaker than externally generated touches of identical intensity (somatosensory attenuation) regardless of age, we did not find a significant increase in somatosensory attenuation in our elderly participants (65-77 yr old), but a trend when considering only the oldest subset (69-77 yr old). Moreover, we did not observe a significant age-related decline in somatosensory precision or a significant relationship of age with somatosensory attenuation. Together, our results suggest that aging exerts a limited influence on the perception of self-generated and externally generated touch and indicate a less direct relationship between somatosensory precision and attenuation in the elderly individuals than previously proposed.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Self-generated touch is attenuated compared with externally generated touch of identical intensity. This somatosensory attenuation has been previously shown to be increased in elderly participants, but it remains unclear whether it is related to age-related somatosensory decline. In our preregistered study, we observed a trend for increased somatosensory attenuation in our oldest participants (≥69 yr), but we found no evidence of an age-related decline in somatosensory function or a relationship of age with somatosensory attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Timar
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xavier Job
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean-Jacques Orban de Xivry
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Konstantina Kilteni
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Schmedes CM, Grover SP, Hisada YM, Goeijenbier M, Hultdin J, Nilsson S, Thunberg T, Ahlm C, Mackman N, Fors Connolly AM. Circulating Extracellular Vesicle Tissue Factor Activity During Orthohantavirus Infection Is Associated With Intravascular Coagulation. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:1392-1399. [PMID: 31722433 PMCID: PMC7488197 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Patients with HFRS have an activated coagulation system with increased risk of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and venous thromboembolism (VTE). The aim of the study was to determine whether circulating extracellular vesicle tissue factor (EVTF) activity levels associates with DIC and VTE (grouped as intravascular coagulation) in HFRS patients. METHODS Longitudinal samples were collected from 88 HFRS patients. Patients were stratified into groups of those with intravascular coagulation (n = 27) and those who did not (n = 61). We measured levels of circulating EVTF activity, fibrinogen, activated partial prothrombin time, D-dimer, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and platelets. RESULTS Plasma EVTF activity was transiently increased during HFRS. Levels of EVTF activity were significantly associated with plasma tPA and PAI-1, suggesting that endothelial cells could be a potential source. Patients with intravascular coagulation had significantly higher peak EVTF activity levels compared with those who did not, even after adjustment for sex and age. The peak EVTF activity value predicting intravascular coagulation was 0.51 ng/L with 63% sensitivity and 61% specificity with area under the curve = 0.63 (95% confidence interval, 0.51-0.76) and P = .046. CONCLUSIONS Plasma EVTF activity during HFRS is associated with intravascular coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Schmedes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carlina, USA
| | - Steven P Grover
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carlina, USA
| | - Yohei M Hisada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carlina, USA
| | - Marco Goeijenbier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johan Hultdin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sofie Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Therese Thunberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Clas Ahlm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carlina, USA
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