1
|
Barile A, Graziani C, Antonelli L, Parroni A, Fiorillo A, di Salvo ML, Ilari A, Giorgi A, Rosignoli S, Paiardini A, Contestabile R, Tramonti A. Identification of the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate allosteric site in human pyridox(am)ine 5'-phosphate oxidase. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4900. [PMID: 38284493 PMCID: PMC10804683 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Adequate levels of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), the catalytically active form of vitamin B6 , and its proper distribution in the body are essential for human health. The PLP recycling pathway plays a crucial role in these processes and its defects cause severe neurological diseases. The enzyme pyridox(am)ine 5'-phosphate oxidase (PNPO), whose catalytic action yields PLP, is one of the key players in this pathway. Mutations in the gene encoding PNPO are responsible for a severe form of neonatal epilepsy. Recently, PNPO has also been described as a potential target for chemotherapeutic agents. Our laboratory has highlighted the crucial role of PNPO in the regulation of PLP levels in the cell, which occurs via a feedback inhibition mechanism of the enzyme, exerted by binding of PLP at an allosteric site. Through docking analyses and site-directed mutagenesis experiments, here we identified the allosteric PLP binding site of human PNPO. This site is located in the same protein region as the allosteric site we previously identified in the Escherichia coli enzyme homologue. However, the identity and arrangement of the amino acid residues involved in PLP binding are completely different and resemble those of the active site of PLP-dependent enzymes. The identification of the PLP allosteric site of human PNPO paves the way for the rational design of enzyme inhibitors as potential anti-cancer compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barile
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia MolecolariConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheRomeItaly
| | - Claudio Graziani
- Sapienza Università di RomaIstituto Pasteur Italia‐Fondazione Cenci BolognettiRomeItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli”Sapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Lorenzo Antonelli
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia MolecolariConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheRomeItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli”Sapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Alessia Parroni
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia MolecolariConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheRomeItaly
| | - Annarita Fiorillo
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia MolecolariConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheRomeItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli”Sapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Martino Luigi di Salvo
- Sapienza Università di RomaIstituto Pasteur Italia‐Fondazione Cenci BolognettiRomeItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli”Sapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia MolecolariConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheRomeItaly
| | - Alessandra Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli”Sapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Serena Rosignoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli”Sapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Alessandro Paiardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli”Sapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Roberto Contestabile
- Sapienza Università di RomaIstituto Pasteur Italia‐Fondazione Cenci BolognettiRomeItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli”Sapienza Università di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Angela Tramonti
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia MolecolariConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheRomeItaly
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peluso P, Sechi B, Jibuti G. Enantioseparation of organometallic compounds by electromigration techniques. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 38279597 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Over time, chiral organometallic compounds have attracted great interest in several fields, with applications going across several disciplines of chemical, biological, medical, and material sciences. In the last decades, due to advancements in molecular design and computational modeling, the chemistry of chiral transition metal complexes had a remarkable flowering, with the development of new structures for applications in asymmetric synthesis, bioinorganic chemistry, and molecular recognition. In these fields, fast chiral analysis to determine the enantiomeric purity of organometallic structures prepared by asymmetric synthesis, and for high-throughput screening of analytes, catalysts, and reactions, is very important. Capillary electrophoresis and related techniques proved to be extremely versatile for chiral analysis, showing unsurpassed advantages compared to chromatography like low consumption of materials, production of limited amounts of waste, fast equilibration, and possibility to replace easily type and concentration of the chiral selector, among others. Furthermore, electromigration techniques may be useful to gain details about the stereochemistry of the enantiomers of new compounds and to study analyte-selector noncovalent interactions at molecular level. On this basis, this short review aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive view on the enantioseparation of organometallic compounds by electromigration techniques, examining the topic from the historical perspective and showing what was made in this field so far, an essential know-how for developing new and advanced applications in the next future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB CNR, Sede secondaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Barbara Sechi
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB CNR, Sede secondaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgi Jibuti
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sabatino R, Sbaffi T, Sivalingam P, Corno G, Fontaneto D, Di Cesare A. Bacteriophages limitedly contribute to the antimicrobial resistome of microbial communities in wastewater treatment plants. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0110123. [PMID: 37724865 PMCID: PMC10580818 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01101-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are known as players in the transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) by horizontal gene transfer. In this study, we characterized the bacteriophage community and the associated ARGs to estimate the potential for phages to spread ARGs in aquatic ecosystems analyzing the intra- and extracellular DNA isolated from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) by shotgun metagenomics. We compared the phage antimicrobial resistome with the bacterial resistome and investigated the effect of the final disinfection treatment on the phage community and its resistome. Phage community was mainly composed by Siphoviridae and other members of the order Caudovirales. The final disinfection only marginally affected the composition of the phage community, and it was not possible to measure its effect on the antimicrobial resistome. Indeed, only three phage metagenome-assembled genomes (pMAGs) annotated as Siphoviridae, Padoviridae, and Myoviridae were positive for putative ARGs. Among the detected ARGs, i.e., dfrB6, rpoB mutants, and EF-Tu mutants, the first one was not annotated in the bacterial MAGs. Overall, these results demonstrate that bacteriophages limitedly contribute to the whole antimicrobial resistome. However, in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the antimicrobial resistome within a microbial community, the role of bacteriophages needs to be investigated. IMPORTANCE WWTPs are considered hotspots for the spread of ARGs by horizontal gene transfer. In this study, we evaluated the phage composition and the associated antimicrobial resistome by shotgun metagenomics of samples collected before and after the final disinfection treatment. Only a few bacteriophages carried ARGs. However, since one of the detected genes was not found in the bacterial metagenome-assembled genomes, it is necessary to investigate the phage community in order to gain a comprehensive overview of the antimicrobial resistome. This investigation could help assess the potential threats to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Sabatino
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), National Research Council of Italy – Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), Verbania, Italy
| | - Tomasa Sbaffi
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), National Research Council of Italy – Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), Verbania, Italy
| | - Periyasamy Sivalingam
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), National Research Council of Italy – Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), Verbania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Corno
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), National Research Council of Italy – Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), Verbania, Italy
| | - Diego Fontaneto
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), National Research Council of Italy – Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), Verbania, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Cesare
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), National Research Council of Italy – Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), Verbania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu L, Zeng T, Deligios M, Milanesi L, Langille MGI, Zinellu A, Rubino S, Carru C, Kelvin DJ. Age-Related Variation of Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Different Body Habitats across the Young, Elderly, and Centenarians in Sardinia. mSphere 2020; 5:5/1/e00558-19. [PMID: 32102941 PMCID: PMC7045387 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00558-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human body microbes interact with the host, forming microbial communities that are in continual flux during the aging process. Previous studies have mostly focused on surveying a single body habitat to determine the age-related variation in the bacterial and fungal communities. A more comprehensive understanding of the variation in the human microbiota and mycobiota across multiple body habitats related to aging is still unclear. To obtain an integrated view of the spatial distribution of microbes in a specific Mediterranean population across a wide age range, we surveyed the bacterial and fungal communities in the skin, oral cavity, and gut in the young, elderly, and centenarians in Sardinia using 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequencing. We found that the distribution and correlation of bacterial and fungal communities in Sardinians were largely determined by body site. In each age group, the bacterial and fungal communities found in the skin were significantly different in structure. In the oral cavity, age had a marginal impact on the structures of the bacterial and fungal communities. Furthermore, the gut bacterial communities in centenarians clustered separately from those of the young and elderly, while the fungal communities in the gut habitat could not be separated by host age.IMPORTANCE Site-specific microbial communities are recognized as important factors in host health and disease. To better understand how the human microbiota potentially affects and is affected by its host during the aging process, the fundamental issue to address is the distribution of microbiota related to age. Here, we show an integrated view of the spatial distribution of microbes in a specific Mediterranean population (Sardinians) across a wide age range. Our study indicates that age plays a critical role in shaping the human microbiota in a habitat-dependent manner. The dynamic age-related microbiota changes we observed across multiple body sites may provide possibilities for modulating microbe communities to maintain or improve health during aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wu
- Division of Immunology International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Tiansheng Zeng
- Division of Immunology International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Massimo Deligios
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Luciano Milanesi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Italy
| | - Morgan G I Langille
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rubino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - David J Kelvin
- Division of Immunology International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bella P, Farini A, Banfi S, Parolini D, Tonna N, Meregalli M, Belicchi M, Erratico S, D'Ursi P, Bianco F, Legato M, Ruocco C, Sitzia C, Sangiorgi S, Villa C, D'Antona G, Milanesi L, Nisoli E, Mauri P, Torrente Y. Blockade of IGF2R improves muscle regeneration and ameliorates Duchenne muscular dystrophy. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11019. [PMID: 31793167 PMCID: PMC6949491 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a debilitating fatal X-linked muscle disorder. Recent findings indicate that IGFs play a central role in skeletal muscle regeneration and development. Among IGFs, insulinlike growth factor 2 (IGF2) is a key regulator of cell growth, survival, migration and differentiation. The type 2 IGF receptor (IGF2R) modulates circulating and tissue levels of IGF2 by targeting it to lysosomes for degradation. We found that IGF2R and the store-operated Ca2+ channel CD20 share a common hydrophobic binding motif that stabilizes their association. Silencing CD20 decreased myoblast differentiation, whereas blockade of IGF2R increased proliferation and differentiation in myoblasts via the calmodulin/calcineurin/NFAT pathway. Remarkably, anti-IGF2R induced CD20 phosphorylation, leading to the activation of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) and removal of intracellular Ca2+ . Interestingly, we found that IGF2R expression was increased in dystrophic skeletal muscle of human DMD patients and mdx mice. Blockade of IGF2R by neutralizing antibodies stimulated muscle regeneration, induced force recovery and normalized capillary architecture in dystrophic mdx mice representing an encouraging starting point for the development of new biological therapies for DMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Bella
- Stem Cell LaboratoryDepartment of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUnit of NeurologyFondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoCentro Dino FerrariUniversitá degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Andrea Farini
- Stem Cell LaboratoryDepartment of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUnit of NeurologyFondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoCentro Dino FerrariUniversitá degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Stefania Banfi
- Hematology Department Fondazione IRCCSDepartment of Oncology and Hemato‐oncologyIstituto Nazionale dei TumoriUniversitá degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | | | | | - Mirella Meregalli
- Stem Cell LaboratoryDepartment of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUnit of NeurologyFondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoCentro Dino FerrariUniversitá degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Marzia Belicchi
- Stem Cell LaboratoryDepartment of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUnit of NeurologyFondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoCentro Dino FerrariUniversitá degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | | | - Pasqualina D'Ursi
- Institute of Technologies in BiomedicineNational Research Council (ITB‐CNR)MilanItaly
| | | | - Mariella Legato
- Stem Cell LaboratoryDepartment of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUnit of NeurologyFondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoCentro Dino FerrariUniversitá degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Chiara Ruocco
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineCenter for Study and Research on ObesityMilan UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Clementina Sitzia
- UOC SMEL‐1Scuola di Specializzazione di Patologia Clinica e Biochimica ClinicaUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Simone Sangiorgi
- Neurosurgery UnitDepartment of SurgeryASST Lariana‐S. Anna HospitalComoItaly
| | - Chiara Villa
- Stem Cell LaboratoryDepartment of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUnit of NeurologyFondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoCentro Dino FerrariUniversitá degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Giuseppe D'Antona
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic MedicinePavia UniversityPaviaItaly
| | - Luciano Milanesi
- Institute of Technologies in BiomedicineNational Research Council (ITB‐CNR)MilanItaly
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineCenter for Study and Research on ObesityMilan UniversityMilanItaly
| | - PierLuigi Mauri
- Institute of Technologies in BiomedicineNational Research Council (ITB‐CNR)MilanItaly
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Stem Cell LaboratoryDepartment of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUnit of NeurologyFondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoCentro Dino FerrariUniversitá degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu L, Zeng T, Zinellu A, Rubino S, Kelvin DJ, Carru C. A Cross-Sectional Study of Compositional and Functional Profiles of Gut Microbiota in Sardinian Centenarians. mSystems 2019; 4:4/4/e00325-19. [PMID: 31289141 PMCID: PMC6616150 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00325-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sardinia, Italy, has a high prevalence of residents who live more than 100 years. The reasons for longevity in this isolated region are currently unknown. Gut microbiota may hold a clue. To explore the role gut microbiota may play in healthy aging and longevity, we used metagenomic sequencing to determine the compositional and functional differences in gut microbiota associated with populations of different ages in Sardinia. Our data revealed that the gut microbiota of both young and elderly Sardinians shared similar taxonomic and functional profiles. A different pattern was found in centenarians. Within the centenarian group, the gut microbiota was correlated with the functional independence measurement of the host. Centenarians had a higher diversity of core microbiota species and microbial genes than those in the young and elderly. We found that the gut microbiota in Sardinian centenarians displayed a rearranged taxonomic pattern compared with those of the young and elderly, featured by depletion of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Eubacterium rectale and enriched for Methanobrevibacter smithii and Bifidobacterium adolescentis Moreover, functional analysis revealed that the microbiota in centenarians had high capacity for central metabolism, especially glycolysis and fermentation to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), although the gut microbiota in centenarians was low in genes encoding enzymes involved in degradation of carbohydrates, including fibers and galactose.IMPORTANCE The gut microbiota has been proposed as a promising determinant for human health. Centenarians as a model for extreme aging may help us understand the correlation of gut microbiota with healthy aging and longevity. Here we confirmed that centenarians had microbiota elements usually associated with benefits to health. Our finding of a high capacity of glycolysis and related SCFA production represented a healthy microbiome and environment that is regarded as beneficial for host gut epithelium. The low abundance of genes encoding components of pathways involved in carbohydrate degradation was also found in the gut microbiota of Sardinian centenarians and is often associated with poor gut health. Overall, our study here represents an expansion of previous research investigating the age-related changes in gut microbiota. Furthermore, our study provides a new prospective for potential targets for gut microbiota intervention directed at limiting gut inflammation and pathology and enhancing a healthy gut barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wu
- Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Tiansheng Zeng
- Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rubino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - David J Kelvin
- Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mustazzolu A, Venturelli L, Dinarelli S, Brown K, Floto RA, Dietler G, Fattorini L, Kasas S, Girasole M, Longo G. A Rapid Unraveling of the Activity and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Mycobacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:e02194-18. [PMID: 30602518 PMCID: PMC6395931 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02194-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a worldwide health-related emergency that calls for new tools to study the bacterial metabolism and to obtain fast diagnoses. Indeed, the conventional analysis time scale is too long and affects our ability to fight infections. Slowly growing bacteria represent a bigger challenge, since their analysis may require up to months. Among these bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, has caused more than 10 million new cases and 1.7 million deaths in 2016 only. We employed a particularly powerful nanomechanical oscillator, the nanomotion sensor, to characterize rapidly and in real time tuberculous and nontuberculous bacterial species, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin and Mycobacterium abscessus, respectively, exposed to different antibiotics. Here, we show how high-speed and high-sensitivity detectors, the nanomotion sensors, can provide a rapid and reliable analysis of different mycobacterial species, obtaining qualitative and quantitative information on their responses to different drugs. This is the first application of the technique to tackle the urgent medical issue of mycobacterial infections, evaluating the dynamic response of bacteria to different antimicrobial families and the role of the replication rate in the resulting nanomotion pattern. In addition to a fast analysis, which could massively benefit patients and the overall health care system, we investigated the real-time responses of the bacteria to extract unique information on the bacterial mechanisms triggered in response to antibacterial pressure, with consequences both at the clinical level and at the microbiological level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - L Venturelli
- LPMV-IPHYS, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Dinarelli
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - K Brown
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - R A Floto
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - G Dietler
- LPMV-IPHYS, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - S Kasas
- LPMV-IPHYS, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Girasole
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - G Longo
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|