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Kim C, Brown FL, Burk C, Anatchkova M, Sargalo N, Kaushik A. Patient experiences in ulcerative colitis: conceptual model and review of patient-reported outcome measures. Qual Life Res 2024; 33:1373-1387. [PMID: 38438664 PMCID: PMC11045605 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-024-03612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify symptoms and their impacts on daily functioning and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) experienced by adult patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and evaluate patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures for UC clinical studies. METHODS A conceptual model of symptoms and impacts of UC were developed from a literature review. PRO measures were identified from the literature, clinical trials databases, health technology assessment submissions, and regulatory label claims, and were selected for conceptual analysis based on disease specificity and use across information sources. PRO measures covering the most concepts when mapped against the conceptual model were assessed for gaps in psychometric properties using Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance and consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments (COSMIN) criteria. RESULTS The conceptual model grouped the 52 symptom concepts and 72 proximal and distal impacts into eight, two, and five dimensions, respectively. Of 65 PRO measures identified, eight underwent conceptual analysis. Measures covering the most concepts and assessed for psychometric properties were the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire, Symptoms and Impacts Questionnaire for UC, UC-PRO symptoms modules, UC-PRO impact modules, and Crohn's and UC Questionnaire; all had good or excellent support for content validity. The UC-PRO Signs and Symptoms fully met FDA guidance and COSMIN criteria for content validity and most psychometric properties. CONCLUSION Existing PRO measures assess concepts relevant to patients with UC, but all PRO measures reviewed require further psychometric evaluation to demonstrate they are fit for purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Kim
- HEOR, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, USA.
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Bianco C, Pelusi S, Margarita S, Tavaglione F, Jamialahmadi O, Malvestiti F, Periti G, Rondena J, Tomasi M, Carpani R, Ronzoni L, Vidali M, Ceriotti F, Fraquelli M, Vespasiani‐Gentilucci U, Romeo S, Prati D, Valenti L. Predictors of controlled attenuation parameter in metabolic dysfunction. United European Gastroenterol J 2024; 12:364-373. [PMID: 38141028 PMCID: PMC11017762 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatic fat content can be non-invasively estimated by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) during transient elastography. The aim of this study was to examine the determinants and predictors of CAP values in individuals with metabolic dysfunction. METHODS We enrolled 1230 consecutive apparently healthy individuals (Liver-Bible-2022 cohort) with ≥3 metabolic dysfunction features. CAP was measured by Fibroscan. CAP determinants and predictors were identified using backward stepwise analysis and introduced in generalized linear models. RESULTS Participants were predominantly males (82.9%), mean age was 53.8 ± 6.4 years, 600 (48.8%) had steatosis (CAP ≥ 275 dB/m), and 27 had liver stiffness measurement (LSM) ≥ 8 kPa. CAP values correlated with LSM (p < 10-22). In multivariable analysis, fasting insulin and abdominal circumference (AC) were the main determinants of CAP (p < 10-6), together with body mass index (BMI; p < 10-4), age, diabetes, triglycerides, ferritin, and lower HDL and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH; p < 0.05 for all). In a subset of 592 participants with thyroid hormone measurement, we found an association between higher free triiodothyronine levels, correlating with lower TSH, and CAP values, independent of TSH and of levothyroxine treatment (p = 0.0025). A clinical CAP score based on age, BMI, AC, HbA1c, ALT, and HDL predicted CAP ≥ 275 dB/m with moderate accuracy (AUROC = 0.73), which was better than that of the Fatty Liver Index and of ALT (AUROC = 0.70/0.61, respectively) and validated it in multiple cohorts. CONCLUSION Abdominal adiposity and insulin resistance severity were the main determinants of CAP in individuals with metabolic dysfunction and may improve steatotic liver disease risk stratification. CAP values were modulated by the hypophysis-thyroid axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Bianco
- Precision Medicine LabBiological Resource Center and Department of Transfusion MedicineFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Serena Pelusi
- Precision Medicine LabBiological Resource Center and Department of Transfusion MedicineFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Sara Margarita
- Precision Medicine LabBiological Resource Center and Department of Transfusion MedicineFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Federica Tavaglione
- Clinical Medicine and Hepatology UnitDepartment of Internal Medicine and GeriatricsFondazione Policlinico Campus Bio‐MedicoRomeItaly
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversità Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Oveis Jamialahmadi
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyWallenberg LaboratoryUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Francesco Malvestiti
- Department of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Giulia Periti
- Precision Medicine LabBiological Resource Center and Department of Transfusion MedicineFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Jessica Rondena
- Precision Medicine LabBiological Resource Center and Department of Transfusion MedicineFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Melissa Tomasi
- Precision Medicine LabBiological Resource Center and Department of Transfusion MedicineFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Rossana Carpani
- Precision Medicine LabBiological Resource Center and Department of Transfusion MedicineFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Luisa Ronzoni
- Precision Medicine LabBiological Resource Center and Department of Transfusion MedicineFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Matteo Vidali
- Clinical Chemistry Unit and Laboratory MedicineFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Ferruccio Ceriotti
- Clinical Chemistry Unit and Laboratory MedicineFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Mirella Fraquelli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy UnitFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Umberto Vespasiani‐Gentilucci
- Clinical Medicine and Hepatology UnitDepartment of Internal Medicine and GeriatricsFondazione Policlinico Campus Bio‐MedicoRomeItaly
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversità Campus Bio‐Medico di RomaRomeItaly
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyWallenberg LaboratoryUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Clinical Nutrition UnitDepartment of Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity Magna GraeciaCatanzaroItaly
- Cardiology DepartmentSahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden
| | - Daniele Prati
- Precision Medicine LabBiological Resource Center and Department of Transfusion MedicineFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Luca Valenti
- Precision Medicine LabBiological Resource Center and Department of Transfusion MedicineFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
- Department of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
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Lu MY, Yu ML. Correspondence on Letter regarding "Toward hepatitis C virus elimination using artificial intelligence". Clin Mol Hepatol 2024; 30:274-275. [PMID: 38439190 PMCID: PMC11016497 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2024.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ying Lu
- School of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- School of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Segala FV, Novara R, Panico G, Laforgia R, Raho L, Schiavone M, Civile G, Laforgia N, Di Gregorio S, Guido G, Cormio M, Dargenio A, Papagni R, L’Erario A, L’Erario L, Totaro V, Spada V, Valentini L, Frallonardo L, Lattanzio R, Falanga C, Putoto G, Saracino A, Di Gennaro F. Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Predictors for Loss to Follow Up among Marginalized Homeless and Migrant Communities: a Cross-Sectional Study. Ann Glob Health 2024; 90:25. [PMID: 38618272 PMCID: PMC11012089 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In Europe and Italy, marginalized communities have a higher risk for both contracting sexually transmitted infections (STI) and progressing towards adverse outcomes. Objectives This study focuses on the screening of HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis among homeless individuals and agricultural migrant workers living in Apulia, Italy. It aims to assess STI prevalence and investigate factors that might hinder return to collect test results. In addition, it explores STI knowledge, attitudes, and practices among these vulnerable populations. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 1, 2022, to September 30, 2023. Participants were recruited from community health centers and migrant camps. Blood tests for HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis were performed, and Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) survey were conducted via face-to-face interviews. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were used to assess factors influencing the return for test results. Results A total of 149 persons were recruited, including 64 agricultural migrant workers and 85 homeless people. Overall, 24.8% (n = 37) tested positive for at least one infection, and only 50.3% (n = 75) of the screened participants returned to collect their test results. Significant disparities in STI knowledge and healthcare access were observed between the two populations, with only 14.1% (n = 9) of migrants having access to primary healthcare. At multivariable analysis, the strongest predictor for not returning for test results was being positive for HCV. Conclusions Among homeless people and agricultural migrant workers, STI prevalence was high, and only half of the population returned to collect test results. The study underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions and policy reevaluation to address healthcare disparities in marginalized communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vladimiro Segala
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Novara
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Panico
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Raho
- Doctors with Africa CUAMM, 70123 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Civile
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Di Gregorio
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Guido
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mariangela Cormio
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Dargenio
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Papagni
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo L’Erario
- Diagnostic Laboratory: Laboratorio analisi Dott.ssa Dell’Olio Nunzia, Trani, Italy
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca L’Erario
- Diagnostic Laboratory: Laboratorio analisi Dott.ssa Dell’Olio Nunzia, Trani, Italy
| | - Valentina Totaro
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Spada
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Lauriana Valentini
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Luisa Frallonardo
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Rossana Lattanzio
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Annalisa Saracino
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Gennaro
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Beredaki MI, Sanidopoulos I, Pournaras S, Meletiadis J. Defining Optimal Doses of Liposomal Amphotericin B Against Candida auris: Data From an In Vitro Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:599-607. [PMID: 38109276 PMCID: PMC10873176 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida auris isolates exhibit elevated amphotericin B (AMB) minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). As liposomal AMB (L-AMB) can be safely administered at high doses, we explored L-AMB pharmacodynamics against C. auris isolates in an in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) dilution model. METHODS Four C. auris isolates with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) AMB MICs = 0.5-2 mg/L were tested in an in vitro PK/PD model simulating L-AMB pharmacokinetics. The in vitro model was validated using a Candida albicans isolate tested in animals. The peak concentration (Cmax)/MIC versus log10 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL reduction from the initial inoculum was analyzed with the sigmoidal model with variable slope (Emax model). Monte Carlo analysis was performed for the standard (3 mg/kg) and higher (5 mg/kg) L-AMB doses. RESULTS The in vitro PK/PD relationship Cmax/MIC versus log10 CFU/mL reduction followed a sigmoidal pattern (R2 = 0.91 for C. albicans, R2 = 0.86 for C. auris). The Cmax/MIC associated with stasis was 2.1 for C. albicans and 9 for C. auris. The probability of target attainment was >95% with 3 mg/kg for wild-type C. albicans isolates with MIC ≤2 mg/L and C. auris isolates with MIC ≤1 mg/L whereas 5 mg/kg L-AMB is needed for C. auris isolates with MIC 2 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS L-AMB was 4-fold less active against C. auris than C. albicans. Candida auris isolates with CLSI MIC 2 mg/L would require a higher L-AMB dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Ioanna Beredaki
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Sanidopoulos
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros Pournaras
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Joseph Meletiadis
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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6
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Cavallo MC, Cavazza M, Bonifazi F, Casadei B, Cutini I, Tonietti B, Saccardi R, Zinzani P, Jommi C. Cost of implementing CAR-T activity and managing CAR-T patients: an exploratory study. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:121. [PMID: 38254079 PMCID: PMC10804568 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) represent an innovation but raise issues for healthcare payers because of the uncertainty on impact at market launch, high cost and important organisational impact. The literature has focused on their assessment, appraisal and market access solutions. No evidence on the costs sustained to implement CAR-T is available and a few studies reported the cost of the CAR-T clinical pathway, including the activities that are remunerated through inpatient or outpatient fee-for-service/episode. This paper aims at filling the information gap, assessing the cost of implementing CAR-T activity and the full cost of managing the CAR-T clinical pathway. METHODS Cost analysis relied on the Activity Based Costing approach, which was applied to two Italian healthcare organisations, both CAR-T Centres authorized by the regional governments with a minimum of 20 patients treated with the first two CAR-T therapies launched on the market. RESULTS The cost of implementing CAR-T was estimated at €1.31 million (calculated for one of the organizations with complete data). Most of these costs (77%) were generated by quality assurance activity. The mean cost per patient entering the CAR-T pathway (59 and 27) and surviving at follow-up (21 and 5) ranges from €48K to €57K and from €96K to €106K, respectively. Fees for hospitalization and infusion of gene therapy accounts for more than 70% of these costs. The actual hospitalisation cost varies greatly across patients and is in general lower than the fee-for-episode paid by the region to the hospital. CONCLUSIONS Despite its limitations (exploratory nature; the time spent by staff on activities which are not remunerated through fees was estimated through interviews with the CAR-T coordinators; cost items are not fully comparable), this research highlighted the relevant organisational and economic impact of CAR-T and provided important insights for policy makers and healthcare managers: the necessity to invest resources in CAR-T implementation; the need for assessing activities which are not remunerated through fees for service / episode; the opportunity to shift from fee-for-episode / service to bundled payments for CAR-T clinical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caterina Cavallo
- Cergas, Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management, SDA Bocconi School of Management, Bocconi University, Via Sarfatti, 10, Milano, 20136, Italy
| | - Marianna Cavazza
- Cergas, Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management, SDA Bocconi School of Management, Bocconi University, Via Sarfatti, 10, Milano, 20136, Italy
| | - Francesca Bonifazi
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Beatrice Casadei
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cutini
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, Firenze, 50134, Italy
| | - Barbara Tonietti
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, Firenze, 50134, Italy
| | - Riccardo Saccardi
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Largo Brambilla 3, Firenze, 50134, Italy
| | - PierLuigi Zinzani
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Claudio Jommi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani, 2, Novara, 28100, Italy.
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7
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Pagnamenta AT, Camps C, Giacopuzzi E, Taylor JM, Hashim M, Calpena E, Kaisaki PJ, Hashimoto A, Yu J, Sanders E, Schwessinger R, Hughes JR, Lunter G, Dreau H, Ferla M, Lange L, Kesim Y, Ragoussis V, Vavoulis DV, Allroggen H, Ansorge O, Babbs C, Banka S, Baños-Piñero B, Beeson D, Ben-Ami T, Bennett DL, Bento C, Blair E, Brasch-Andersen C, Bull KR, Cario H, Cilliers D, Conti V, Davies EG, Dhalla F, Dacal BD, Dong Y, Dunford JE, Guerrini R, Harris AL, Hartley J, Hollander G, Javaid K, Kane M, Kelly D, Kelly D, Knight SJL, Kreins AY, Kvikstad EM, Langman CB, Lester T, Lines KE, Lord SR, Lu X, Mansour S, Manzur A, Maroofian R, Marsden B, Mason J, McGowan SJ, Mei D, Mlcochova H, Murakami Y, Németh AH, Okoli S, Ormondroyd E, Ousager LB, Palace J, Patel SY, Pentony MM, Pugh C, Rad A, Ramesh A, Riva SG, Roberts I, Roy N, Salminen O, Schilling KD, Scott C, Sen A, Smith C, Stevenson M, Thakker RV, Twigg SRF, Uhlig HH, van Wijk R, Vona B, Wall S, Wang J, Watkins H, Zak J, Schuh AH, Kini U, Wilkie AOM, Popitsch N, Taylor JC. Structural and non-coding variants increase the diagnostic yield of clinical whole genome sequencing for rare diseases. Genome Med 2023; 15:94. [PMID: 37946251 PMCID: PMC10636885 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole genome sequencing is increasingly being used for the diagnosis of patients with rare diseases. However, the diagnostic yields of many studies, particularly those conducted in a healthcare setting, are often disappointingly low, at 25-30%. This is in part because although entire genomes are sequenced, analysis is often confined to in silico gene panels or coding regions of the genome. METHODS We undertook WGS on a cohort of 122 unrelated rare disease patients and their relatives (300 genomes) who had been pre-screened by gene panels or arrays. Patients were recruited from a broad spectrum of clinical specialties. We applied a bioinformatics pipeline that would allow comprehensive analysis of all variant types. We combined established bioinformatics tools for phenotypic and genomic analysis with our novel algorithms (SVRare, ALTSPLICE and GREEN-DB) to detect and annotate structural, splice site and non-coding variants. RESULTS Our diagnostic yield was 43/122 cases (35%), although 47/122 cases (39%) were considered solved when considering novel candidate genes with supporting functional data into account. Structural, splice site and deep intronic variants contributed to 20/47 (43%) of our solved cases. Five genes that are novel, or were novel at the time of discovery, were identified, whilst a further three genes are putative novel disease genes with evidence of causality. We identified variants of uncertain significance in a further fourteen candidate genes. The phenotypic spectrum associated with RMND1 was expanded to include polymicrogyria. Two patients with secondary findings in FBN1 and KCNQ1 were confirmed to have previously unidentified Marfan and long QT syndromes, respectively, and were referred for further clinical interventions. Clinical diagnoses were changed in six patients and treatment adjustments made for eight individuals, which for five patients was considered life-saving. CONCLUSIONS Genome sequencing is increasingly being considered as a first-line genetic test in routine clinical settings and can make a substantial contribution to rapidly identifying a causal aetiology for many patients, shortening their diagnostic odyssey. We have demonstrated that structural, splice site and intronic variants make a significant contribution to diagnostic yield and that comprehensive analysis of the entire genome is essential to maximise the value of clinical genome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair T Pagnamenta
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Carme Camps
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Edoardo Giacopuzzi
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi Montalcini 1, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - John M Taylor
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Mona Hashim
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Eduardo Calpena
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Pamela J Kaisaki
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Akiko Hashimoto
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Jing Yu
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Edward Sanders
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Ron Schwessinger
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Jim R Hughes
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Gerton Lunter
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, PO Box 72, 9700 AB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Helene Dreau
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Oncology, Oxford Molecular Diagnostics Centre, University of Oxford, Level 4, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Matteo Ferla
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Lukas Lange
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Yesim Kesim
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Vassilis Ragoussis
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Dimitrios V Vavoulis
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Oncology, Oxford Molecular Diagnostics Centre, University of Oxford, Level 4, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Holger Allroggen
- Neurosciences Department, UHCW NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Olaf Ansorge
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Christian Babbs
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Benito Baños-Piñero
- Oxford Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - David Beeson
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Tal Ben-Ami
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David L Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Celeste Bento
- Hematology Department, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Edward Blair
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Charlotte Brasch-Andersen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Katherine R Bull
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Holger Cario
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Eythstrasse 24, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Deirdre Cilliers
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Valerio Conti
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - E Graham Davies
- Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre for Research, 2Nd Floor, 20C Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Fatima Dhalla
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, IMS-Tetsuya Nakamura Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7TY, UK
| | - Beatriz Diez Dacal
- Oxford Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Yin Dong
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - James E Dunford
- Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal BRC and Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jane Hartley
- Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's & Children's Hospital and University of Birmingham, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
| | - Georg Hollander
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Level 2, Children's Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Kassim Javaid
- Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal BRC and Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK
| | - Maureen Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Pharmacy Hall North, Room 731, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Deirdre Kelly
- Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's & Children's Hospital and University of Birmingham, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
| | - Dominic Kelly
- Children's Hospital, OUH NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Oxford BRC, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Samantha J L Knight
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Alexandra Y Kreins
- Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre for Research, 2Nd Floor, 20C Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Erika M Kvikstad
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Craig B Langman
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 211 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, MS37, USA
| | - Tracy Lester
- Oxford Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Kate E Lines
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- University of Oxford, Academic Endocrine Unit, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Simon R Lord
- Early Phase Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Cancer and Haematology Centre, Level 2 Administration Area, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Xin Lu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sahar Mansour
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackshore Road, Tooting, London, SW17 0QT, UK
| | - Adnan Manzur
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Brian Marsden
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Kennedy Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Joanne Mason
- Yourgene Health Headquarters, Skelton House, Lloyd Street North, Manchester Science Park, Manchester, M15 6SH, UK
| | - Simon J McGowan
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Davide Mei
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Hana Mlcochova
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Yoshiko Murakami
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Andrea H Németh
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Steven Okoli
- Imperial College NHS Trust, Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Elizabeth Ormondroyd
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- University of Oxford, Level 6 West Wing, Oxford, OX3 9DU, JR, UK
| | - Lilian Bomme Ousager
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jacqueline Palace
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Smita Y Patel
- Clinical Immunology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Level 4A, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Melissa M Pentony
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Chris Pugh
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Aboulfazl Rad
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Eberhard Karls University, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Archana Ramesh
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Simone G Riva
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Irene Roberts
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Level 2, Children's Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Noémi Roy
- Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Level 4, Haematology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Outi Salminen
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Oncology, Oxford Molecular Diagnostics Centre, University of Oxford, Level 4, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Kyleen D Schilling
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Caroline Scott
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Arjune Sen
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Conrad Smith
- Oxford Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Mark Stevenson
- University of Oxford, Academic Endocrine Unit, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- University of Oxford, Academic Endocrine Unit, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Stephen R F Twigg
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Level 2, Children's Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Richard van Wijk
- UMC Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Vona
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Eberhard Karls University, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steven Wall
- Oxford Craniofacial Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Level LG1, West Wing, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jing Wang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Hugh Watkins
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- University of Oxford, Level 6 West Wing, Oxford, OX3 9DU, JR, UK
| | - Jaroslav Zak
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Anna H Schuh
- Department of Oncology, Oxford Molecular Diagnostics Centre, University of Oxford, Level 4, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Usha Kini
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Andrew O M Wilkie
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Niko Popitsch
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter(VBC), Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jenny C Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
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Papadopoulou G, Petroulia S, Karamichali E, Dimitriadis A, Marousis D, Ioannidou E, Papazafiri P, Koskinas J, Foka P, Georgopoulou U. The Epigenetic Controller Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) Regulates the Outcome of Hepatitis C Viral Infection. Cells 2023; 12:2568. [PMID: 37947646 PMCID: PMC10648375 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) alters gene expression epigenetically to rearrange the cellular microenvironment in a beneficial way for its life cycle. The host epigenetic changes induced by HCV lead to metabolic dysfunction and malignant transformation. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is an epigenetic controller of critical cellular functions that are essential for HCV propagation. We investigated the putative role of LSD1 in the establishment of HCV infection using genetic engineering and pharmacological inhibition to alter endogenous LSD1 levels. We demonstrated for the first time that HCV replication was inhibited in LSD1-overexpressing cells, while specific HCV proteins differentially fine-tuned endogenous LSD1 expression levels. Electroporation of the full-length HCV genome and subgenomic replicons in LSD1 overexpression enhanced translation and partially restored HCV replication, suggesting that HCV might be inhibited by LSD1 during the early steps of infection. Conversely, the inhibition of LSD1, followed by HCV infection in vitro, increased viral replication. LSD1 was shown to participate in an intriguing antiviral mechanism, where it activates endolysosomal interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) via demethylation, leading endocytosed HCV virions to degradation. Our study proposes that HCV-mediated LSD1 oscillations over countless viral life cycles throughout chronic HCV infection may promote epigenetic changes related to HCV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Papadopoulou
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
- Division of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Stavroula Petroulia
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Karamichali
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios Dimitriadis
- Molecular Biology and Immunobiotechnology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Marousis
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Elisavet Ioannidou
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Papazafiri
- Division of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - John Koskinas
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Pelagia Foka
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Urania Georgopoulou
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
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Urbano S, Gobbi E, Florio V, Rughetti A, Ercoli L. Protection of gender health and fight against gender violence during the COVID-19 pandemic: the experience of our street clinic in a disadvantaged suburb of Rome Metropolitan City. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:434. [PMID: 37587488 PMCID: PMC10428561 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECT In this study, we evaluated health, social inequalities and risk to gender violence of women living in a disadvantaged degraded suburb of Rome Metropolitan City, during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The study included 779 women referring to primary care services of Medicina Solidale Institute for gynecological/breast examinations (209), medical and support aid for the children (383) and COVID-19 test execution (187). RESULTS The data show that most women (68%) were unemployed or had an irregular job. The request of support varied depending on the ethnicity: while healthcare support was requested mostly by African female community, the COVID-19 test, mandatory for public transportation and work, was a need of the east-european community. Both these communities referred to Medical Solidale primary care service for the healthcare and food/clothing support for their children. It is interesting to note that the requests from the Italian women community was elevated in terms of personal healthcare, support for the children and COVID-19 test execution. The access to the national health system (NHS) resulted a complex administrative procedure despite the original social-ethnic communities. The vast majority of women lacked awareness of their crucial role for supporting the family entity, while inadequacy was commonly reported. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms a critical condition for women living in disadvantaged neighborhoods, whose vulnerability is further worsened by the limited access to primary care assistance with serious consequences for health and quality of life. Prevention and treatment, especially for the most vulnerable subjects, should be a priority for the public health system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valeria Florio
- Gynecology Department, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurelia Rughetti
- Istituto Di Medicina Solidale Onlus, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ercoli
- Istituto Di Medicina Solidale Onlus, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.
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Liang TJ, Feld JJ, Shoukry NH, Thomas DL. Controlled Human Infection Model for Hepatitis C Virus Vaccine Development: Is It Time to Be Real? Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:S215. [PMID: 37579205 PMCID: PMC10893913 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Jake Liang
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetics and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jordan J Feld
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- The Toronto Viral Hepatitis Care Network (VIRCAN), Toronto, Canada
| | - Naglaa H Shoukry
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David L Thomas
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Byanova KL, Fitzpatrick J, Jan AK, McGing M, Hartman-Filson M, Farr CK, Zhang M, Gardner K, Branchini J, Kerruish R, Bhide S, Bates A, Hsieh J, Abelman R, Hunt PW, Wang RJ, Crothers KA, Huang L. Isolated abnormal diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (iso↓DLco) is associated with increased respiratory symptom burden in people with HIV infection. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288803. [PMID: 37463173 PMCID: PMC10353811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An isolated reduction in the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco; iso↓DLco) is one of the most common pulmonary function test (PFT) abnormalities in people living with HIV (PWH), but its clinical implications are incompletely understood. In this study, we explored whether iso↓DLco in PWH is associated with a greater respiratory symptom burden. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. METHODS We used ATS/ERS compliant PFTs from PWH with normal spirometry (post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ≥0.7; FEV1, FVC ≥80% predicted) from the I AM OLD cohort in San Francisco, CA and Seattle, WA, grouped by DLco categorized as normal (DLco ≥lower limit of normal, LLN), mild iso↓DLco (LLN >DLco >60% predicted), and moderate-severe iso↓DLco (DLco ≤60% predicted). We performed multivariable analyses to test for associations between DLco and validated symptom-severity and quality of life questionnaires, including the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale (mMRC), the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), as well as between DLco and individual CAT symptoms. RESULTS Mild iso↓DLco was associated only with a significantly higher SGRQ score. Moderate-severe iso↓DLco was associated with significantly higher odds of mMRC ≥2 and significantly higher CAT and SGRQ scores. PWH with moderate-severe iso↓DLco had increased odds of breathlessness, decreased activity, lower confidence leaving home, and less energy. CONCLUSIONS Iso↓DLco is associated with worse respiratory symptom scores, and this association becomes stronger with worsening DLco, suggesting that impaired gas exchange alone has a significant negative impact on the quality of life in PWH. Additional studies are ongoing to understand the etiology of this finding and design appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina L. Byanova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jessica Fitzpatrick
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Amanda K. Jan
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Maggie McGing
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Marlena Hartman-Filson
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Carly K. Farr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michelle Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kendall Gardner
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jake Branchini
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Kerruish
- School of Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sharvari Bhide
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Aryana Bates
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jenny Hsieh
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Division of Respiratory Care Services, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Abelman
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Peter W. Hunt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kristina A. Crothers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Laurence Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Gutiérrez A, Rodriguez B, Velasquez K, Gutiérrez I, García S, Múñez E, Calderón-Parra J, Callejas-Diaz A, Ramos-Martinez A, Fernandez-Cruz A. Determining the usefulness of systematic 18F-FDG PET/CT for the management of invasive fungal infection (PETIFI project): a prospective national multicentre cohort study protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074240. [PMID: 37355275 PMCID: PMC10314664 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The evaluation of staging and activity of invasive fungal infection (IFI) is used to adjust the type and duration of antifungal therapy (AT). Typically anatomy-based imaging is used. Positron emission tomography/CT with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG PET/CT) not only evaluates more than one body area in one session, but adds functional information to the anatomic data provided by usual imaging techniques and can potentially improve staging of IFI and monitoring of the response to therapy. Our objective is to analyse the impact of the systematic use of 18F-FDG PET/CT in IFI diagnostic and therapeutic management. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Multicentre prospective cohort study of IFI with performance of systematic 18F-FDG PET/CT at diagnosis and follow-up that will be carried out in 14 Spanish tertiary hospitals. It is planned to include 224 patients with IFI over a 2-year study period. Findings and changes in management before and after 18F-FDG PET/CT will be compared. Additionally, the association of initial quantitative 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters with response to therapy will be evaluated.The primary endpoint is to compare the yield of 18F-FDG PET/CT with standard management without 18F-FDG PET/CT in IFI at initial assessment (staging) and in monitoring the response to treatment.The impact of the results of 18F-FDG PET/CT on the diagnostic-therapeutic management of patients with IFI (added value), as well as the prognostic ability of different quantification parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT will be secondary endpoints. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital approved the protocol of the study at the primary site. We plan to publish the results in high-impact journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05688592.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gutiérrez
- Infectious Diseases, Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Rodriguez
- Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karina Velasquez
- Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Gutiérrez
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia García
- Internal Medicine, Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Múñez
- Infectious Diseases, Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Calderón-Parra
- Infectious Diseases, Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ana Fernandez-Cruz
- Infectious Diseases, Hospital Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Swank Z, Senussi Y, Manickas-Hill Z, Yu XG, Li JZ, Alter G, Walt DR. Reply to Alaedini and Wormser. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:1342-1343. [PMID: 36385394 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Swank
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yasmeen Senussi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Xu G Yu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Li
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David R Walt
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Swank Z, Senussi Y, Manickas-Hill Z, Yu XG, Li JZ, Alter G, Walt DR. Persistent Circulating Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Spike Is Associated With Post-acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 Sequelae. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:e487-e490. [PMID: 36052466 PMCID: PMC10169416 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 147.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of postacute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (PASC) poses an ongoing medical challenge. To identify biomarkers associated with PASC we analyzed plasma samples collected from PASC and coronavirus disease 2019 patients to quantify viral antigens and inflammatory markers. We detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike predominantly in PASC patients up to 12 months after diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Swank
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yasmeen Senussi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Xu G Yu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Li
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David R Walt
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Correction to: Drug interactions: a review of the unseen danger of experimental COVID-19 therapies. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:2050. [PMID: 35366311 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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16
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D'Ambrosio V, Ferraro PM, Guglielmino V, Luigetti M. Kidney involvement in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis: is there a role for cystatin C? Clin Kidney J 2022; 16:397-398. [PMID: 36755844 PMCID: PMC9900568 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfac156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Viola D'Ambrosio
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, UOC
Nefrologia, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Sede di Roma, Largo A. Gemelli
8, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Guglielmino
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Sede di Roma, Largo A. Gemelli
8, Roma, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, UOC
Neurologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Luigetti
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Sede di Roma, Largo A. Gemelli
8, Roma, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, UOC
Neurologia, Rome, Italy
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17
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Moreno S, Alcázar B, Dueñas C, González del Castillo J, Olalla J, Antela A. Use of Antivirals in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Critical Review of the Role of Remdesivir. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:827-841. [PMID: 35370401 PMCID: PMC8965332 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s356951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this report is to review the literature and shed light on the uncertainties surrounding the use of antiviral agents in general and remdesivir in COVID-19 patients. This review evaluated a battery of antiviral compounds and their effectiveness in the treatment of COVID-19 since the beginning of the pandemic. Remdesivir is the only antiviral approved by the EMA and FDA for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This work extensively reviews remdesivir data generated from clinical trials and observational studies, paying attention to the most recent data, and focusing on outcomes to give readers a more comprehensive understanding of the results. This review also discusses the recommendations issued by official bodies during the pandemic in the light of the current knowledge. The use of remdesivir in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection is justified because a virus is the causative agent that triggers the inflammatory responses and its consequences. More trials are needed to improve the management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Moreno
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernardino Alcázar
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Dueñas
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Julián Olalla
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Costa del Sol, Marbella, Spain
| | - Antonio Antela
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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18
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Grau-Expósito J, Perea D, Suppi M, Massana N, Vergara A, Soler MJ, Trinite B, Blanco J, García-Pérez J, Alcamí J, Serrano-Mollar A, Rosado J, Falcó V, Genescà M, Buzon MJ. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 entry, inflammation and new therapeutics in human lung tissue cells. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010171. [PMID: 35025963 PMCID: PMC8791477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of physiological models that reproduce SARS-CoV-2 infection in primary human cells will be instrumental to identify host-pathogen interactions and potential therapeutics. Here, using cell suspensions directly from primary human lung tissues (HLT), we have developed a rapid platform for the identification of viral targets and the expression of viral entry factors, as well as for the screening of viral entry inhibitors and anti-inflammatory compounds. The direct use of HLT cells, without long-term cell culture and in vitro differentiation approaches, preserves main immune and structural cell populations, including the most susceptible cell targets for SARS-CoV-2; alveolar type II (AT-II) cells, while maintaining the expression of proteins involved in viral infection, such as ACE2, TMPRSS2, CD147 and AXL. Further, antiviral testing of 39 drug candidates reveals a highly reproducible method, suitable for different SARS-CoV-2 variants, and provides the identification of new compounds missed by conventional systems, such as VeroE6. Using this method, we also show that interferons do not modulate ACE2 expression, and that stimulation of local inflammatory responses can be modulated by different compounds with antiviral activity. Overall, we present a relevant and rapid method for the study of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Grau-Expósito
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, VHIR Task Force COVID-19, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Perea
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, VHIR Task Force COVID-19, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Suppi
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, VHIR Task Force COVID-19, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Massana
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, VHIR Task Force COVID-19, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ander Vergara
- Nephrology Research Department, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, VHIR Task Force COVID-19, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria José Soler
- Nephrology Research Department, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, VHIR Task Force COVID-19, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benjamin Trinite
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic–Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Javier García-Pérez
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alcamí
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Clinic HIV Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Serrano-Mollar
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joel Rosado
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Department, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, VHIR Task Force COVID-19, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicenç Falcó
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, VHIR Task Force COVID-19, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Genescà
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, VHIR Task Force COVID-19, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria J. Buzon
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, VHIR Task Force COVID-19, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Several cytokines involved in inflammatory pathologies signal via the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway. Four JAKs are known: JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and TYK2. The specific activation of JAKs and STATs determines the biological effects of each cytokine. JAK1 is involved in the signalling of 'γc' receptor cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 and IL-21), pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, as well as IFN. The critical position of JAK1 downstream of these cytokines suggests that JAK1-selective inhibitors are comparable to non-selective ones, without the unwanted consequences of JAK2- or JAK3-blockade. JAK inhibition has led to a better understanding of the biology of synovial inflammation and bone homeostasis. Moreover, the efficacy of non-selective JAK inhibitors and novel JAK1-selective drugs in RA supports a role for JAK1 in its pathogenesis. JAK1-selective drugs are also showing promise in axial spondyloarthritis, suggesting that they may target additional regulatory pathways that impact cytokines such as TNF and IL-17A, which do not use JAKs. Additionally, evidence now supports a JAK1 predominance in the signalling of IL-6 and oncostatin M, and indirectly, of TNF in synovial fibroblasts, macrophages and endothelial cells. Notably, bone homeostasis is also dependent on cytokines relying on JAK1 signalling to promote receptor activator of NF-κB ligand expression in osteoblasts and T cells, contributing to osteoclastogenesis. Here, the contribution of JAK1 over other kinases is unclear. While beneficial effects of JAK inhibitors on bone erosion are supported by preclinical and clinical data, effects on new bone formation in axial spondyloarthritis requires additional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romana Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari—Reumatologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Gadina
- Translational Immunology Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Schwerdtfeger M, Benmebarek MR, Endres S, Subklewe M, Desiderio V, Kobold S. Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T Cells and T Cell-Engaging Bispecific Antibodies: Different Tools for the Same Job. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2021; 16:218-233. [PMID: 33939108 PMCID: PMC8154758 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-021-00628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Both chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and T cell-engaging antibodies (BiAb) have been approved for the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, despite targeting the same antigen, they represent very different classes of therapeutics, each with its distinct advantages and drawbacks. In this review, we compare BiAb and CAR T cells with regard to their mechanism of action, manufacturing, and clinical application. In addition, we present novel strategies to overcome limitations of either approach and to combine the best of both worlds. RECENT FINDINGS By now there are multiple approaches combining the advantages of BiAb and CAR T cells. A major area of research is the application of both formats for solid tumor entities. This includes improving the infiltration of T cells into the tumor, counteracting immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, targeting antigen heterogeneity, and limiting off-tumor on-target effects. BiAb come with the major advantage of being an off-the-shelf product and are more controllable because of their half-life. They have also been reported to induce less frequent and less severe adverse events. CAR T cells in turn demonstrate superior response rates, have the potential for long-term persistence, and can be additionally genetically modified to overcome some of their limitations, e.g., to make them more controllable.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bispecific/genetics
- Antibodies, Bispecific/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Genetic Engineering
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/adverse effects
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Neoplasms/etiology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schwerdtfeger
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Mohamed-Reda Benmebarek
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Endres
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Munich, Germany
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marion Subklewe
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Desiderio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Munich, Germany
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
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Hodge D, Marra F, Marzolini C, Boyle A, Gibbons S, Siccardi M, Burger D, Back D, Khoo S. Drug interactions: a review of the unseen danger of experimental COVID-19 therapies. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 75:3417-3424. [PMID: 32750131 PMCID: PMC7454591 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As global health services respond to the coronavirus pandemic, many prescribers are turning to experimental drugs. This review aims to assess the risk of drug-drug interactions in the severely ill COVID-19 patient. Experimental therapies were identified by searching ClinicalTrials.gov for 'COVID-19', '2019-nCoV', '2019 novel coronavirus' and 'SARS-CoV-2'. The last search was performed on 30 June 2020. Herbal medicines, blood-derived products and in vitro studies were excluded. We identified comorbidities by searching PubMed for the MeSH terms 'COVID-19', 'Comorbidity' and 'Epidemiological Factors'. Potential drug-drug interactions were evaluated according to known pharmacokinetics, overlapping toxicities and QT risk. Drug-drug interactions were graded GREEN and YELLOW: no clinically significant interaction; AMBER: caution; RED: serious risk. A total of 2378 records were retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov, which yielded 249 drugs that met inclusion criteria. Thirteen primary compounds were screened against 512 comedications. A full database of these interactions is available at www.covid19-druginteractions.org. Experimental therapies for COVID-19 present a risk of drug-drug interactions, with lopinavir/ritonavir (10% RED, 41% AMBER; mainly a perpetrator of pharmacokinetic interactions but also risk of QT prolongation particularly when given with concomitant drugs that can prolong QT), chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (both 7% RED and 27% AMBER, victims of some interactions due to metabolic profile but also perpetrators of QT prolongation) posing the greatest risk. With management, these risks can be mitigated. We have published a drug-drug interaction resource to facilitate medication review for the critically ill patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl Hodge
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Fiona Marra
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Catia Marzolini
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Departments of Medicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alison Boyle
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sara Gibbons
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marco Siccardi
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David Burger
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - David Back
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Saye Khoo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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22
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Calin R, Massari V, Pialoux G, Reydellet N, Plenel E, Chauvin C, Jauffret-Roustide M, Day N, Kreplak G, Maresca AF, Derche N, Louis S, Pol S, Doré V, Rouzioux C, Chauvin P. Acceptability of on-site rapid HIV/HBV/HCV testing and HBV vaccination among three at-risk populations in distinct community-healthcare outreach centres: the ANRS-SHS 154 CUBE study. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:851. [PMID: 33198672 PMCID: PMC7670674 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05601-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV, HBV and HCV infections continue to represent major health concerns, especially among key at-risk populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWIDs), transgender women (TGW) and sex workers (SW). The objective of the ANRS-CUBE study was to evaluate the acceptability of a healthcare, community-based strategy offering a triple rapid HIV-HBV-HCV testing, and HBV vaccination, targeted at three priority groups (MSM, PWIDs and TGW/SWs), in three community centers, in the Paris area. METHODS This longitudinal multicentric non-randomized study included all adult volunteers attending one of the three specialized community centers in Paris, between July 2014 and December 2015. HIV, HBV and HCV status and acceptability of HBV vaccination were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 3662, MSM, 80 PWIDs and 72 TGW/SW were recruited in the three centers respectively. Acceptability of rapid tests was 98.5% in MSM and 14.9% in TGW/SWs, but could not be estimated in PWIDs since the number of users attending and the number of proposals were not recorded. User acceptability of HBV vaccination was weak, only 17.9% of the eligible MSM (neither vaccinated, nor infected) agreed to receive the first dose, 12.2% two doses, 5.9% had a complete vaccination. User acceptability of HBV vaccination was greater in PWIDs and TGW/SWs, but decreased for the last doses (66.7 and 53.3% respectively received a first dose, 24.4 and 26.7% a second dose and 6.7 and 0% a third dose). Fifty-three participants (49 MSM and 4 PWIDs) were discovered HIV positive, more than half with a recent infection. All but two HIV positive participants were linked to appropriate care in less than one month. CONCLUSIONS Rapid HIV-HCV-HBV screening showed a very high level of acceptability among MSM. Efforts need to be made to improve immediate acceptability for HBV vaccination, especially among MSM, and follow-up doses compliance. Our results show the important role of community centers in reaching targets, often fragile, populations, while also suggesting the need to reinforce on-site human support in terms of testing and vaccination, especially when addressing PWIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra Calin
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital Tenon, Groupe Hospitalier Est, AP-HP, 4 rue de la Chine, 75970, Paris, Cedex 20, France.
- Inserm, IPLESP, ERES, Institut Pierre-Louis d'épidémiologie et de santé publique, Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France.
| | - Véronique Massari
- Inserm, IPLESP, ERES, Institut Pierre-Louis d'épidémiologie et de santé publique, Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Pialoux
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital Tenon, Groupe Hospitalier Est, AP-HP, 4 rue de la Chine, 75970, Paris, Cedex 20, France
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université, Paris 06, France
| | | | - Eve Plenel
- Le Kiosque, Checkpoint-Paris, Groupe SOS, Paris, France
| | - Carole Chauvin
- Le Kiosque, Checkpoint-Paris, Groupe SOS, Paris, France
- Cermes3, Inserm U988, CNRS UMR8211, EHESS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Nesrine Day
- Laboratoires Centre Biologique Chemin Vert (CBCV), Paris, France
| | - Georges Kreplak
- Laboratoires Centre Biologique Chemin Vert (CBCV), Paris, France
| | - Anaenza Freire Maresca
- ARCAT, Pasaje Latino, Groupe SOS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Ambroise Pare, Service de Médecine Interne, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | | | - Sandra Louis
- CSAPA 110 Les Halles, ARCAT, Groupe SOS, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Pol
- AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Service d'hépatologie, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Doré
- ANRS: Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le sida et les hépatites virales, Paris, France
| | - Christine Rouzioux
- Le Kiosque, Checkpoint-Paris, Groupe SOS, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Chauvin
- Inserm, IPLESP, ERES, Institut Pierre-Louis d'épidémiologie et de santé publique, Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France
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Gahrton C, Westman G, Lindahl K, Öhrn F, Dalgard O, Lidman C, Nilsson LH, Said K, Duberg AS, Aleman S. Prevalence of Viremic hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and HIV infection, and vaccination status among prisoners in Stockholm County. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:955. [PMID: 31706284 PMCID: PMC6842501 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4581-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification and knowledge of settings with high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is important when aiming for elimination of HCV. The primary aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of viremic HCV infection among Swedish prisoners. Secondary aims were to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the proportion who have received hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination. METHODS A cross-sectional study of all incarcerated persons (n = 667) at all prisons (n = 9) in Stockholm County was conducted. All prisoners are routinely offered opt-in screening for HCV antibodies (anti-HCV), HCV RNA, HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc and HIV Ag/Ab at prison in Sweden. Data on the results of these tests and the number of received HBV vaccine doses were collected from the prison medical records. The parameters of HCV RNA, anti-HCV, and occurrence of testing for HCV were analysed in multiple logistic regression models in relation to age, sex and prison security class. RESULTS The median age was 35 (IQR 26-44) years, and 93.4% were men. Seventy-one percent (n = 471) had been tested for anti-HCV, 70% (n = 465) for HBsAg and 71% (n = 471) for HIV. The prevalence of anti-HCV, HCV RNA, HBsAg and HIV Ag/Ab was 17.0, 11.5, 1.9, and 0.2%, respectively among tested persons. The proportion of prisoners who had received full HBV vaccination was 40.6% (n = 271) among all study subjects. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of viremic HCV infection among Swedish prisoners in Stockholm County was 11.5%, which is high in comparison to the general population. Therefore, when aiming for the WHO goal of HCV elimination, prisons could suit as a platform for identification and treatment of HCV infection. There is a need to increase testing for blood-borne viruses and to improve vaccination coverage against HBV in Swedish prisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gahrton
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriel Westman
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Lindahl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Öhrn
- Center for Innovation, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olav Dalgard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christer Lidman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Karouk Said
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofi Duberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Soo Aleman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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