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Pandaram A, Paul J, Wankhar W, Thakur A, Verma S, Vasudevan K, Wankhar D, Kammala AK, Sharma P, Jaganathan R, Iyaswamy A, Rajan R. Aspartame Causes Developmental Defects and Teratogenicity in Zebra Fish Embryo: Role of Impaired SIRT1/FOXO3a Axis in Neuron Cells. Biomedicines 2024; 12:855. [PMID: 38672209 PMCID: PMC11048232 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aspartame, a widely used artificial sweetener, is present in many food products and beverages worldwide. It has been linked to potential neurotoxicity and developmental defects. However, its teratogenic effect on embryonic development and the underlying potential mechanisms need to be elucidated. We investigated the concentration- and time-dependent effects of aspartame on zebrafish development and teratogenicity. We focused on the role of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and Forkhead-box transcription factor (FOXO), two proteins that play key roles in neurodevelopment. It was found that aspartame exposure reduced the formation of larvae and the development of cartilage in zebrafish. It also delayed post-fertilization development by altering the head length and locomotor behavior of zebrafish. RNA-sequencing-based DEG analysis showed that SIRT1 and FOXO3a are involved in neurodevelopment. In silico and in vitro analyses showed that aspartame could target and reduce the expression of SIRT1 and FOXO3a proteins in neuron cells. Additionally, aspartame triggered the reduction of autophagy flux by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of SIRT1 in neuronal cells. The findings suggest that aspartame can cause developmental defects and teratogenicity in zebrafish embryos and reduce autophagy by impairing the SIRT1/FOXO3a axis in neuron cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athiram Pandaram
- Department of Physiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeyakumari Paul
- Department of Physiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Wankupar Wankhar
- Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Assam down town University, Guwahati 781026, Assam, India
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Sakshi Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, Usha Martin University, Ranchi 835103, Jharkhand, India
| | - Karthick Vasudevan
- Department of Biotechnology, REVA University, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Dapkupar Wankhar
- Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Assam down town University, Guwahati 781026, Assam, India
| | - Ananth Kumar Kammala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Priyanshu Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ravindran Jaganathan
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Ashok Iyaswamy
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
- Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravindran Rajan
- Department of Physiology, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
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Wu Y, Liu P, Liao Q, Jin T, Wu Z, Guomin W, Wang H, Chu PK. Cotton Fibers with a Lactic Acid-Like Surface for Re-establishment of Protective Lactobacillus Microbiota by Selectively Inhibiting Vaginal Pathogens. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302736. [PMID: 38061349 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Failure to reconstruct the Lactobacillus microbiota is the major reason for the recurrence of vaginal infection. However, most empiric therapies focus on the efficacy of pathogen elimination but do not sufficiently consider the viability of Lactobacillus. Herein, cotton fibers with a lactic acid-like surface (LC) are fabricated by NaIO4 oxidation and L-isoserine grafting. The lactic acid analog chain ends and imine structure of LC can penetrate cell walls to cause protein cleavage in Escherichia coli and Candida albicans and inhibit vaginal pathogens. Meanwhile, the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus is unaffected by the LC treatment, thus revealing a selective way to suppress pathogens as well as provide a positive route to re-establish protective microbiota in the vaginal tract. Moreover, LC has excellent properties such as good biosafety, antiadhesion, water absorption, and weight retention. The strategy proposed here not only is practical, but also provides insights into the treatment of vaginal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzheng Wu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Qing Liao
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology and CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology and CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhengwei Wu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wang Guomin
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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Tan L, Guo Z, Wang X, Kim DY, Li R. Utilization of nanopore direct RNA sequencing to analyze viral RNA modifications. mSystems 2024; 9:e0116323. [PMID: 38294229 PMCID: PMC10878088 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01163-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Modifications on viral RNAs (vRNAs), either genomic RNAs or RNA transcripts, have complex effects on the viral life cycle and cellular responses to viral infection. The advent of Oxford Nanopore Technologies Direct RNA Sequencing provides a new strategy for studying RNA modifications. To this end, multiple computational tools have been developed, but a systemic evaluation of their performance in mapping vRNA modifications is lacking. Here, 10 computational tools were tested using the Sindbis virus (SINV) RNAs isolated from infected mammalian (BHK-21) or mosquito (C6/36) cells, with in vitro-transcribed RNAs serving as modification-free control. Three single-mode approaches were shown to be inapplicable in the viral context, and three out of seven comparative methods required cutoff adjustments to reduce false-positive predictions. Utilizing optimized cutoffs, an integrated analysis of comparative tools suggested that the intersected predictions of Tombo_com and xPore were significantly enriched compared with the background. Consequently, a pipeline integrating Tombo_com and xPore was proposed for vRNA modification detection; the performance of which was supported by N6-methyladenosine prediction in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNAs using publicly available data. When applied to SINV RNAs, this pipeline revealed more intensive modifications in subgenomic RNAs than in genomic RNAs. Modified uridines were frequently identified, exhibiting substantive overlapping between vRNAs generated in different cell lines. On the other hand, the interpretation of other modifications remained unclear, underlining the limitations of the current computational tools despite their notable potential.IMPORTANCEComputational approaches utilizing Oxford Nanopore Technologies Direct RNA Sequencing data were almost exclusively designed to map eukaryotic epitranscriptomes. Therefore, extra caution must be exercised when using these tools to detect vRNA modifications, as in most cases, vRNA modification profiles should be regarded as unknown epitranscriptomes without prior knowledge. Here, we comprehensively evaluated the performance of 10 computational tools in detecting vRNA modification sites. All tested single-mode methods failed to differentiate native and in vitro-transcribed samples. Using optimized cutoff values, seven tested comparative tools generated very different predictions. An integrated analysis showed significant enrichment of Tombo_com and xPore predictions against the background. A pipeline for vRNA modification detection was proposed accordingly and applied to Sindbis virus RNAs. In conclusion, our study underscores the need for the careful application of computational tools to analyze viral epitranscriptomics. It also offers insights into alphaviral RNA modifications, although further validation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhihao Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dal Young Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Runsheng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Tian L, Wong EL, Dong D, Cheung AW, Chan SKW, Cao Y, Mok PK, Zhou L, Xu RH. Improving mental health literacy using web- or app-based interventions: A scoping review. Digit Health 2024; 10:20552076241243133. [PMID: 38585191 PMCID: PMC10998496 DOI: 10.1177/20552076241243133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Given the rapid advancement in technology, the Internet has grown to play a significant role in the field of healthcare. Individuals can now access a profusion of easily available materials for self-management of their health. The purpose of this review is to describe Web/App-based interventions that are primarily or secondarily designed to improve mental health literacy (MHL) and to investigate the effectiveness of online interventions for improving mental health. Materials and Method A scoping review was conducted by searching five databases: PsycINFO, EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science. The search was limited to peer-reviewed journals published in English between 2000 and 2022. Studies focusing on enhancements of MHL or its constituent components were included. Results Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. The interventions primarily targeted patients or individuals exhibiting symptoms of mental disorders, with a higher representation of female participants. All the interventions yielded positive outcomes. The included studies were categorized according to three themes: knowledge, attitude, and self-care skills. Although numerous studies have focused on knowledge improvement, research on interventions targeting self-care skills is scarce. Furthermore, existing literature on knowledge enhancement is limited in terms of the coverage of risk factors. Conclusion This review indicates gaps in web/app interventions including limited evidence on risk factors, inconsistent help-seeking awareness, and inadequate self-care skills training. Further research is critically needed to address these deficiencies and promote comprehensive MHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Tian
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eliza Laiyi Wong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dong Dong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Annie Wailing Cheung
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sherry Kit-wa Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Phoenix K.H. Mok
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lingming Zhou
- Department of Research and Education, Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Richard Huan Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Xia P, Hui ES, Chua BJ, Huang F, Wang Z, Zhang H, Yu H, Lau KK, Mak HKF, Cao P. Deep-Learning-Based MRI Microbleeds Detection for Cerebral Small Vessel Disease on Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023. [PMID: 38149750 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) are indicators of severe cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) that can be identified through hemosiderin-sensitive sequences in MRI. Specifically, quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and deep learning were applied to detect CMBs in MRI. PURPOSE To automatically detect CMB on QSM, we proposed a two-stage deep learning pipeline. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. SUBJECTS A total number of 1843 CMBs from 393 patients (69 ± 12) with cerebral small vessel disease were included in this study. Seventy-eight subjects (70 ± 13) were used as external testing. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3 T/QSM. ASSESSMENT The proposed pipeline consisted of two stages. In stage I, 2.5D fast radial symmetry transform (FRST) algorithm along with a one-layer convolutional network was used to identify CMB candidate regions in QSM images. In stage II, the V-Net was utilized to reduce false positives. The V-Net was trained using CMB and non CMB labels, which allowed for high-level feature extraction and differentiation between CMBs and CMB mimics like vessels. The location of CMB was assessed according to the microbleeds anatomical rating scale (MARS) system. STATISTICAL TESTS The sensitivity and positive predicative value (PPV) were reported to evaluate the performance of the model. The number of false positive per subject was presented. RESULTS Our pipeline demonstrated high sensitivities of up to 94.9% at stage I and 93.5% at stage II. The overall sensitivity was 88.9%, and the false positive rate per subject was 2.87. With respect to MARS, sensitivities of above 85% were observed for nine different brain regions. DATA CONCLUSION We have presented a deep learning pipeline for detecting CMB in the CSVD cohort, along with a semi-automated MARS scoring system using the proposed method. Our results demonstrated the successful application of deep learning for CMB detection on QSM and outperformed previous handcrafted methods. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xia
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edward S Hui
- Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bryan J Chua
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fan Huang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zuojun Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huiqin Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kui Kai Lau
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Henry K F Mak
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Tan Z, Shek HT, Dong Z, Feng L, Zhou Y, Yin S, Qiu A, Dong L, Gao B, Chen P, To MKT. Retrospective analyses of clinical features in 28 Chinese patients with type V osteogenesis imperfecta: new perspectives in an old issue. Osteoporos Int 2023; 34:369-377. [PMID: 36456709 PMCID: PMC9852172 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Type V osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a form of OI characterized by radial head dislocation (RHD), calcification of interosseous membrane (CIM), and hyperplastic callus (HPC). In this study, we characterized the clinical features of 28 type V OI patients. We presented that dysfunctions of elbow, hip joint, and abnormal epiphyseal growth plate were associated with ectopic calcification and summarized the history of HPC progression and treatment. INTRODUCTION The current study aims to systematically characterize the skeletal phenotypes of patients with type V OI and suggested possible surgical solutions. METHODS A total of 28 patients were admitted for inpatient care at The Hong Kong University-Shenzhen Hospital diagnosed with type V OI (either clinically diagnosed or genetically confirmed with the IFITM5 c.-14C > T mutation). RESULTS Prevalence of type V radiological features was comparable to previous literatures (RHD, 100%; CIM, 100%; HPC, 44%; and scoliosis, 50%). Novel skeletal phenotypes were presented including extension of coronoid process, acetabular labrum, acetabular protrusion, spontaneous autofusion of the hip, bulbous epiphysis, and popcorn calcification. Significant increase in BMD was observed in patients with bisphosphonate treatment. Twenty-five percent (3/12) of patients with preoperative use of indomethacin developed HPC postoperatively, and HPCs were absorbed in 2 young patients 2 years later. CONCLUSION This retrospective study summarized the clinical features and highlighted the abnormalities in elbow, hip joint, and growth plate in type V OI patients. Our study contributed to a more comprehensive clinical spectrum of type V OI. We also characterized the natural progression of HPC formation and resorption in patients in different ages. The use of bisphosphonate treatment is effective in improving bone mineral density in type V OI patients, and whether indomethacin can reduce incidence of HPC formation deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hiu Tung Shek
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongxin Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yapeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shijie Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anmei Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lina Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Peikai Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Michael Kai Tsun To
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Mao C, Zhu W, Xiang Y, Zhu Y, Shen J, Liu X, Wu S, Cheung KMC, Yeung KWK. Enhanced Near-Infrared Photocatalytic Eradication of MRSA Biofilms and Osseointegration Using Oxide Perovskite-Based P-N Heterojunction. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2002211. [PMID: 34145798 PMCID: PMC8336500 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm infections after orthopedic implant increase the risk of failure and potentially cause amputation of limbs or life-threatening sepsis in severe cases. Additionally, satisfactory bone-implant integration is another important indicator of an ideal implant. Here, an antibiotic-free antibacterial nanofilm based on oxide perovskite-type calcium titanate (CTO)/fibrous red phosphorus (RP) on titanium implant surface (Ti-CTO/RP) in which the P-N heterojunction and internal electric field are established at the heterointerface, is designed. Near-infrared light-excited electron-hole pairs are effectively separated and transferred through the synergism of the internal electric field and band offset, which strongly boosts the photocatalytic eradication of MRSA biofilms by reactive oxygen species with an efficacy of 99.42% ± 0.22% in vivo. Additionally, the charge transfer endows the heterostructure with hyperthermia to assist biofilm eradication. Furthermore, CTO/RP nanofilm provides a superior biocompatible and osteoconductive platform that enables the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, thus contributing to the subsequent implant-to-bone osseointegration after eradicating MRSA biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyang Mao
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong999077China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic TraumaDepartment of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe University of Hong Kong‐Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen518053China
| | - Weidong Zhu
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research CenterCollaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co‐constructed by the Province and MinistryHubei Key Laboratory of Polymer MaterialsMinistry‐of‐Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHubei UniversityWuhan430062China
| | - Yiming Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong999077China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic TraumaDepartment of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe University of Hong Kong‐Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen518053China
| | - Yizhou Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong999077China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic TraumaDepartment of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe University of Hong Kong‐Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen518053China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong999077China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic TraumaDepartment of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe University of Hong Kong‐Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen518053China
| | - Xiangmei Liu
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research CenterCollaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co‐constructed by the Province and MinistryHubei Key Laboratory of Polymer MaterialsMinistry‐of‐Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHubei UniversityWuhan430062China
| | - Shuilin Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineeringthe Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of ChinaTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Kenneth M. C. Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong999077China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic TraumaDepartment of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe University of Hong Kong‐Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen518053China
| | - Kelvin Wai Kwok Yeung
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong999077China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic TraumaDepartment of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe University of Hong Kong‐Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen518053China
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Zhu Y, Liang H, Liu X, Wu J, Yang C, Wong TM, Kwan KYH, Cheung KMC, Wu S, Yeung KWK. Regulation of macrophage polarization through surface topography design to facilitate implant-to-bone osteointegration. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabf6654. [PMID: 33811079 PMCID: PMC11060047 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf6654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Proper immune responses are critical for successful biomaterial implantation. Here, four scales of honeycomb-like TiO2 structures were custom made on titanium (Ti) substrates to investigate cellular behaviors of RAW 264.7 macrophages and their immunomodulation on osteogenesis. We found that the reduced scale of honeycomb-like TiO2 structures could significantly activate the anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype (M2), in which the 90-nanometer sample induced the highest expression level of CD206, interleukin-4, and interleukin-10 and released the highest amount of bone morphogenetic protein-2 among other scales. Afterward, the resulting immune microenvironment favorably triggered osteogenic differentiation of murine mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and subsequent implant-to-bone osteointegration in vivo. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed that the minimal scale of TiO2 honeycomb-like structure (90 nanometers) facilitated macrophage filopodia formation and up-regulated the Rho family of guanosine triphosphatases (RhoA, Rac1, and CDC42), which reinforced the polarization of macrophages through the activation of the RhoA/Rho-associated protein kinase signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Hang Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiangmei Liu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Tak Man Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Kenny Y H Kwan
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Kenneth M C Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Shuilin Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kelvin W K Yeung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
- China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
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Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a metabolic hormone with pleiotropic effects on energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Besides its antiobese and antidiabetic activity, FGF21 also possesses the protective effects against atherosclerosis. Circulating levels of FGF21 are elevated in patients with atherosclerosis, macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes, possibly due to a compensatory upregulation. In apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, formation of atherosclerotic plaques is exacerbated by genetic depletion of FGF21, but is attenuated upon replenishment with recombinant FGF21. However, the blood vessel is not the direct target of FGF21, and the antiatherosclerotic activity of FGF21 is attributed to its actions in adipose tissues and liver. In adipocytes, FGF21 promotes secretion of adiponectin, which in turn acts directly on blood vessels to reduce endothelial dysfunction, inhibit proliferation of smooth muscle cells and block conversion of macrophages to foam cells. Furthermore, FGF21 suppresses cholesterol biosynthesis and attenuates hypercholesterolemia by inhibiting the transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 in hepatocytes. The effects of FGF21 on elevation of adiponectin and reduction of hypercholesterolemia are also observed in a phase-1b clinical trial in patients with obesity and diabetes. Therefore, FGF21 exerts its protection against atherosclerosis by fine-tuning the interorgan crosstalk between liver, brain, adipose tissue, and blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhuofeng Lin
- School of Pharmacology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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