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Torraca V, Brokatzky D, Miles SL, Chong CE, De Silva PM, Baker S, Jenkins C, Holt KE, Baker KS, Mostowy S. Shigella Serotypes Associated With Carriage in Humans Establish Persistent Infection in Zebrafish. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:1108-1118. [PMID: 37556724 PMCID: PMC10582909 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Shigella represents a paraphyletic group of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli. More than 40 Shigella serotypes have been reported. However, most cases within the men who have sex with men (MSM) community are attributed to 3 serotypes: Shigella sonnei unique serotype and Shigella flexneri 2a and 3a serotypes. Using the zebrafish model, we demonstrate that Shigella can establish persistent infection in vivo. Bacteria are not cleared by the immune system and become antibiotic tolerant. Establishment of persistent infection depends on the O-antigen, a key constituent of the bacterial surface and a serotype determinant. Representative isolates associated with MSM transmission persist in zebrafish, while representative isolates of a serotype not associated with MSM transmission do not. Isolates of a Shigella serotype establishing persistent infections elicited significantly less macrophage death in vivo than isolates of a serotype unable to persist. We conclude that zebrafish are a valuable platform to illuminate factors underlying establishment of Shigella persistent infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Torraca
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominik Brokatzky
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sydney L Miles
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte E Chong
- Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - P Malaka De Silva
- Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Baker
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Jenkins
- Gastrointestinal Bacterial Reference Unit, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn E Holt
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate S Baker
- Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Serge Mostowy
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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