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Tendilla-Beltrán H, Garcés-Ramírez L, Martínez-Vásquez E, Nakakawa A, Gómez-Villalobos MDJ, Flores G. Differential Effects of Neonatal Ventral Hippocampus Lesion on Behavior and Corticolimbic Plasticity in Wistar-Kyoto and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:959-979. [PMID: 38157113 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the corticolimbic system, particularly at the dendritic spine level, is a recognized core mechanism in neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia. Neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion (NVHL) in Sprague-Dawley rats induces both a schizophrenia-related behavioral phenotype and dendritic spine pathology (reduced total number and mature spines) in corticolimbic areas, which is mitigated by antipsychotics. However, there is limited information on the impact of rat strain on NVHL outcomes and antipsychotic effects. We compared the behavioral performance in the open field, novel object recognition (NORT), and social interaction tests, as well as structural neuroplasticity with the Golgi-Cox stain in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SH) male rats with and without NVHL. Additionally, we explored the effect of the atypical antipsychotic risperidone (RISP). WKY rats with NVHL displayed motor hyperactivity without impairments in memory and social behavior, accompanied by dendritic spine pathology in the neurons of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) layer 3 and basolateral amygdala. RISP treatment reduced motor activity and had subtle and selective effects on the neuroplasticity alterations. In SH rats, NVHL increased the time spent in the border area during the open field test, impaired the short-term performance in NORT, and reduced social interaction time, deficits that were corrected after RISP administration. The NVHL caused dendritic spine pathology in the PFC layers 3 and 5 of SH rats, which RISP treatment ameliorated. Our results support the utility of the NVHL model for exploring neuroplasticity mechanisms in schizophrenia and understanding pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiram Tendilla-Beltrán
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), 14 Sur 6301, 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Linda Garcés-Ramírez
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edwin Martínez-Vásquez
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), 14 Sur 6301, 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Andrea Nakakawa
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), 14 Sur 6301, 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - Gonzalo Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), 14 Sur 6301, 72570, Puebla, Mexico.
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Segoviano-Ramirez JC, Esparza-Rodriguez N, Carcano-Diaz K, Diaz-Perez RN, Palma-Nicolas JP, Hernandez-Bello R, Garcia-Juarez J. Structural and functional integrity of endocrine pancreas post administration of Karwinskia humboldtiana fruit to Wistar rats: a possible therapeutic application for cancer of exocrine origin. Histol Histopathol 2023; 38:989-997. [PMID: 36896890 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Pancreatic adenocarcinoma represents a therapeutic challenge due to the high toxicity of antineoplastic treatments and secondary effects of pancreatectomy. T-514, a toxin isolated from Karwinskia humboldtiana (Kh) has shown antineoplastic activity on cell lines. In acute intoxication with Kh, we reported apoptosis on the exocrine portion of pancreas. One of the mechanisms of antineoplastic agents is the induction of apoptosis, therefore our main objective was to evidence structural and functional integrity of the islets of Langerhans after the administration of Kh fruit in Wistar rats. METHODS TUNEL assay and immunolabelling against activated caspase-3 were used to detect apoptosis. Also, immunohistochemical tests were performed to search for glucagon and insulin. Serum amylase enzyme activity was also quantified as a molecular marker of pancreatic damage. RESULTS Evidence of toxicity on the exocrine portion, by positivity in the TUNEL assay and activated caspase-3, was found. On the contrary, the endocrine portion remained structurally and functionally intact, without apoptosis, and presenting positivity in the identification of glucagon and insulin. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that Kh fruit induces selective toxicity on the exocrine portion and establish a precedent to evaluate T-514 as a potential treatment against pancreatic adenocarcinoma without affecting the islets of Langerhans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Segoviano-Ramirez
- Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Bioimaging Unit, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), México
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), México
| | - Nallely Esparza-Rodriguez
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), Madero y Dr. Aguirre Pequeño, Mitras Centro, México
- General Directorate of Quality and Health Education (DGCES), Secretary of Health, México City, México
| | | | - Rosa Nelly Diaz-Perez
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), Madero y Dr. Aguirre Pequeño, Mitras Centro, México
| | | | - Romel Hernandez-Bello
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), México
| | - Jaime Garcia-Juarez
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), Madero y Dr. Aguirre Pequeño, Mitras Centro, México
- Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Bioimaging Unit, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), Gonzalitos y Dr. Carlos Canseco, Mitras Centro, México.
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Flores G, Gómez-Villalobos MDJ, Iannitti T, Morales-Medina JC. Neonatal olfactory bulbectomy induces anxiety-related behavior and modifies dopaminergic receptor expression in post-pubertal rats. Synapse 2023; 77:e22272. [PMID: 37132073 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Olfaction is a complex physiological process producing effects in the central nervous system (CNS) and implicated in emotional processes. Indeed, the olfactory bulbs (OB) send projections to various CNS regions including the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and caudate-putamen (CPu). Both the NAcc and CPu receive important dopaminergic input. Emerging evidence suggests that dopamine (DA) is related to anxiety-related behaviors. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the consequences of neonatal olfactory bulbectomy (nOBX) to anxiety-related behavior as assayed in the elevated plus maze (EPM) as well as the expression of dopaminergic receptors (D1-like, D2-like, and D3) in the NAcc and CPu at pre- and post-pubertal ages in the rat. The results show that nOBX increased the number of entries in the open arm of the EPM post-pubertally, suggesting an anxiolytic-related effect. nOBX increased the D2-like binding in the NAcc shell and D3 binding in the NAcc core pre-pubertally. At post-pubertal ages, the D3 binding was reduced at the olfactory tubercle and islands of Calleja in nOBX rats. Alterations in the DA receptor expression may be one mechanism responsible for the observed behavioral modifications in nOBX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Flores
- Lab. Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - Tommaso Iannitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Julio César Morales-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
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Arellano-González MÁ, López-Ordaz P, Palmerín-Carreño DM, Gracida-Rodríguez J, Arce-Vázquez MB, Mondragón-Cisneros A, Melgarejo-Torres R. Study of a light hydrocarbon fraction spill migration that occurred in an area of the Mexican southeast using computational fluid dynamics. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:64265-64284. [PMID: 37067704 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The present work aimed to study, predict and understand benzene migration that occurred during an industrial spill using numerical simulation by computational fluid dynamics. Advection, diffusion and adsorption were the main mechanisms considered that governed the spill incident. The incident occurred due to a fracture under a fuel oil storage tank. The tank was located on a hill 18 m high, and the initial value of benzene concentration (soil saturation) was 60 ppm. When the spill was discovered, samples in the affected zone were taken using an experimental design. Many samples showed a greater concentration of benzene than allowed by Mexican Official Standards (MOSs) (15 ppm). The concentrations found 100 m away from the spill were around 60 to 15 ppm. Due to the spill being under the tank, it was difficult to discover. The numerical simulation provided an estimate that the spill started around 2 years ago. The type of soil in the afflicted zone is rocky, and, consequently, it is difficult to estimate how long it will take to reach the concentration allowed by the MOSs, but the numerical simulation predicts that this concentration will be reached in 14 years. Experimental values of the spill contaminant concentration were statistically similar to the CFD estimated data (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Arellano-González
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Higher Studies-Zaragoza, The National Autonomous University of Mexico, Batalla 5 de Mayo S/N, Colonia Ejercito de Oriente, 09230, Mexico City, Iztapalapa, Mexico
| | - Pedro López-Ordaz
- Biological Chemistry Division, Tecamac Technological University, Carretera Federal México-Pachuca Km 37.5, Sierra Hermosa, 55740, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Dulce María Palmerín-Carreño
- Faculty of Chemical, Autonomous University of Queretaro, C.U., Cerro de Las Campanas S/N, Col. Las Campanas, 76010, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro, Mexico
| | - Jorge Gracida-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Chemical, Autonomous University of Queretaro, C.U., Cerro de Las Campanas S/N, Col. Las Campanas, 76010, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro, Mexico
| | - María Belem Arce-Vázquez
- Department of Food Sciences of the Division, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Lerma, Av. de Las Garzas 10, Col. El Panteón, 52005, Lerma de Villada, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Analiz Mondragón-Cisneros
- Consultaría Especializada en Implementar, Sistemas Integrados de Gestión (CEISIG) S.A.S. U. Hab. Tenayo Edif, D2-3 Bis Int. 203, Col. Tenayo Norte, C.P. 54140, Tlalnepantla, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Melgarejo-Torres
- Department of Biotechnology, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Almanza Avendaño AM, Romero-Mendoza M, Gómez San Luis AH. From harassment to disappearance: Young women’s feelings of insecurity in public spaces. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272933. [PMID: 36070257 PMCID: PMC9451059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are processes of gender socialization that increase the vulnerability of young women against a continuum of threats in the public space. This study explored the feeling of insecurity in public spaces among young women in a city located near the northern border of Mexico. Methods and findings This study was based on the tradition of grounded theory. Purposive sampling was used, and 24 group interviews were conducted with junior high school, high school and university students to understand the conditions that favour the emergence of the feeling of insecurity, its psychosocial consequences and management strategies. A computer-assisted qualitative analysis was performed using MAXQDA 18 software. The study showed that street harassment was manifested mainly as sexual harassment but generated a continuous threat of feminicide and disappearance. Young women experienced discomfort and restrictions on mobility, and they had to assume individual responsibility for their safety in the absence of support from the state. Conclusions The interaction between gender and age determines the vulnerability to crime in urban spaces. Future studies could analyse the chronic impact of this continuum of threats and develop psychosocial interventions that promote the empowerment of young women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martha Romero-Mendoza
- Directorate of Epidemiological and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail:
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Vega-Villalobos A, Almanza-Ortega NN, Torres-Poveda K, Pérez-Ortega J, Barahona I. Correlation between mobility in mass transport and mortality due to COVID-19: A comparison of Mexico City, New York, and Madrid from a data science perspective. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264713. [PMID: 35298483 PMCID: PMC8929656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In most big cities, public transports are enclosed and crowded spaces. Therefore, they are considered as one of the most important triggers of COVID-19 spread. Most of the existing research related to the mobility of people and COVID-19 spread is focused on investigating highly frequented paths by analyzing data collected from mobile devices, which mainly refer to geo-positioning records. In contrast, this paper tackles the problem by studying mass mobility. The relations between daily mobility on public transport (subway or metro) in three big cities and mortality due to COVID-19 are investigated. Data collected for these purposes come from official sources, such as the web pages of the cities’ local governments. To provide a systematic framework, we applied the IBM Foundational Methodology for Data Science to the epidemiological domain of this paper. Our analysis consists of moving averages with a moving window equal to seven days so as to avoid bias due to weekly tendencies. Among the main findings of this work are: a) New York City and Madrid show similar distribution on studied variables, which resemble a Gauss bell, in contrast to Mexico City, and b) Non-pharmaceutical interventions don’t bring immediate results, and reductions to the number of deaths due to COVID are observed after a certain number of days. This paper yields partial evidence for assessing the effectiveness of public policies in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kirvis Torres-Poveda
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | | | - Igor Barahona
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Matemáticas, Laboratorio de Aplicaciones de las Matemáticas, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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M. Aguilar N, Perez-Aguilar JM, González-Coronel VJ, Soriano Moro JG, Sanchez-Gaytan BL. Polymers as Versatile Players in the Stabilization, Capping, and Design of Inorganic Nanostructures. ACS Omega 2021; 6:35196-35203. [PMID: 34984252 PMCID: PMC8717372 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The integration of simple components to generate sophisticated hybrid materials with fine-tuned properties represents a significant scientific challenge. Herein, we present recent advances in the use of polymers to control the synthesis and properties of three of the most relevant inorganic nanoparticles, namely, quantum dots (QDs), magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and noble metal nanoparticles (NMNPs). We show relevant examples of how polymeric structures synthesized by techniques such as ATRP, RAFT, and living cationic polymerization are used to aid in the synthesis and stabilization of the nanostructures to generate nanocomposites with outstanding capabilities. Special emphasis is placed on describing how some of the exceptional physicochemical properties of polymers are used as nanoreactors to facilitate the synthesis of the nanostructure by providing an adequate chemical environment. Additionally, we also describe how polymers are utilized to protect the integrity of the nanostructure from chemical degradation. The integration of polymeric structures and the nanostructures has a strong impact on the dispersion and morphology of the latter and, consequently, endow them with novel and promising features. The advances described here, particularly the use of polymers to modulate and provide new properties to nanoparticles, exemplify the great versatility of polymers and how these may expand the capabilities of inorganic nanostructures that can be used to generate novel and sophisticated hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nery M. Aguilar
- Chemistry
Center, Science Institute, Meritorious Autonomous
University of Puebla (BUAP), University City, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Jose Manuel Perez-Aguilar
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Meritorious Autonomous
University of Puebla (BUAP), University City, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Valeria J. González-Coronel
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Meritorious Autonomous
University of Puebla (BUAP), University City, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Jesus Guillermo Soriano Moro
- Chemistry
Center, Science Institute, Meritorious Autonomous
University of Puebla (BUAP), University City, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Brenda L. Sanchez-Gaytan
- Chemistry
Center, Science Institute, Meritorious Autonomous
University of Puebla (BUAP), University City, Puebla 72570, Mexico
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Santín-Márquez R, Ramírez-Cordero B, Toledo-Pérez R, Luna-López A, López-Diazguerrero NE, Hernández-Arciga U, Pérez-Morales M, Ortíz-Retana JJ, García-Servín M, Alcauter S, Hernández-Godínez B, Ibañez-Contreras A, Concha L, Gómez-González B, Königsberg M. Sensory and memory processing in old female and male Wistar rat brain, and its relationship with the cortical and hippocampal redox state. GeroScience 2021; 43:1899-1920. [PMID: 33837484 PMCID: PMC8492817 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is one of the most sensitive organs damaged during aging due to its susceptibility to the aging-related oxidative stress. Hence, in this study, the sensory nerve pathway integrity and the memory were evaluated and related to the redox state, the antioxidant enzymes function, and the protein oxidative damage in the brain cortex (Cx) and the hippocampus (Hc) of young (4-month-old) and old (24-month-old) male and female Wistar rats. Evoked potentials (EP) were performed for the auditory, visual, and somatosensory pathways. In both males and females, the old rat groups' latencies were larger in almost all waves when compared to the young same-sex animals. The novel object test was performed to evaluate memory. The superoxide dismutase and catalase antioxidant activity, as well as the protein oxidative damage, and the redox state were evaluated. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was used to obtain the diffusion tensor imaging, and the brain volume, while MR spectroscopy was used to obtain the brain metabolite concentrations (glutamine, glutamate, Myo-inositol, N-acetyl-aspartate, creatine) in the Cx and the Hc of young and old females. Our data suggest that, although there are limited variations regarding memory and nerve conduction velocity by sex, the differences concerning the redox status might be important to explain the dissimilar reactions during brain aging between males and females. Moreover, the increment in Myo-inositol levels in the Hc of old rats and the brain volume decrease suggest that redox state alterations might be correlated to neuroinflammation during brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Santín-Márquez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, CDMX, 09340, México
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, UAMI, México, México
| | - Belén Ramírez-Cordero
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, CDMX, 09340, México
| | - Rafael Toledo-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, CDMX, 09340, México
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, UAMI, México, México
| | | | - Norma E López-Diazguerrero
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, CDMX, 09340, México
| | - Ulalume Hernández-Arciga
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, CDMX, 09340, México
| | - Marcel Pérez-Morales
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, CDMX, 09340, México
| | - Juan José Ortíz-Retana
- Laboratorio Nacional Enfocado en Imagenología por Resonancia Magnética, Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | | | - Sarael Alcauter
- Laboratorio Nacional Enfocado en Imagenología por Resonancia Magnética, Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | | | | | - Luis Concha
- Laboratorio Nacional Enfocado en Imagenología por Resonancia Magnética, Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Gómez-González
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, CDMX, 09340, México
| | - Mina Königsberg
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, México, CDMX, 09340, México.
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Sánchez‐Duarte S, Márquez‐Gamiño S, Montoya‐Pérez R, Villicaña‐Gómez EA, Vera‐Delgado KS, Caudillo‐Cisneros C, Sotelo‐Barroso F, Melchor‐Moreno MT, Sánchez‐Duarte E. Nicorandil decreases oxidative stress in slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers of diabetic rats by improving the glutathione system functioning. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1152-1161. [PMID: 33503290 PMCID: PMC8264387 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Myopathy is a common complication of any diabetes type, consisting in failure to preserve mass and muscular function. Oxidative stress has been considered one of the main causes for this condition. This study aimed to search if Nicorandil, a KATP channel opener, could protect slow- and fast-twitch diabetic rat muscles from oxidative stress, and to unveil its possible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by applying intraperitoneally streptozotocin (STZ) at 100 mg/kg doses. Nicorandil (3 mg/kg/day) was administered along 4 weeks. An insulin tolerance test and assessment of fasting blood glucose (FBG), TBARS, reduced (GSH), and disulfide (GSSG) glutathione levels, GSH/GSSG ratio, and mRNA expression of glutathione metabolism-related genes were performed at end of treatment in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles. RESULTS Nicorandil significantly reduced FBG levels and enhanced insulin tolerance in diabetic rats. In gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, Nicorandil attenuated the oxidative stress by decreasing lipid peroxidation (TBARS), increasing total glutathione and modulating GPX1-mRNA expression in both muscle's types. Nicorandil also increased GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio and downregulated the GCLC- and GSR-mRNA in gastrocnemius, without significative effect on those enzymes' mRNA expression in diabetic soleus muscle. CONCLUSIONS In diabetic rats, Nicorandil attenuates oxidative stress in slow- and fast-twitch skeletal muscles by improving the glutathione system functioning. The underlying mechanisms for the modulation of glutathione redox state and the transcriptional expression of glutathione metabolism-related genes seem to be fiber type-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai Sánchez‐Duarte
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico‐BiológicasUniversidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de HidalgoMoreliaMichoacánMéxico
| | - Sergio Márquez‐Gamiño
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al TrabajoUniversidad de Guanajuato Campus LeónLeónGuanajuatoMéxico
| | - Rocío Montoya‐Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico‐BiológicasUniversidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de HidalgoMoreliaMichoacánMéxico
| | | | - Karla Susana Vera‐Delgado
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al TrabajoUniversidad de Guanajuato Campus LeónLeónGuanajuatoMéxico
| | | | - Fernando Sotelo‐Barroso
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al TrabajoUniversidad de Guanajuato Campus LeónLeónGuanajuatoMéxico
| | - Ma Teresa Melchor‐Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al TrabajoUniversidad de Guanajuato Campus LeónLeónGuanajuatoMéxico
| | - Elizabeth Sánchez‐Duarte
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al TrabajoUniversidad de Guanajuato Campus LeónLeónGuanajuatoMéxico
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Guzmán-Velasco A, Ramírez-Cruz JI, Ruiz-Aymá G, Rodríguez-Sánchez IP, Garza-Ocañas L, Treviño-Alvarado VM, González-Rojas JI, Olalla-Kerstupp A. Great-tailed Grackles (Quiscalus mexicanus) as Biomonitors of Atmospheric Heavy Metal Pollution in Urban Areas of Monterrey, Mexico. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2021; 106:983-988. [PMID: 33963874 PMCID: PMC8238725 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals exposure has been linked to severe health problems. In Mexico, the Monterrey metropolitan area (MMA) is considered one of the most polluted industrial regions. Because birds have been used successfully as environmental biomonitors, the levels of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in feathers of Great-tailed grackles (Quiscalus mexicanus) from two sites within and one site outside the MMA were determined. One hundred birds were captured, samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Ciudad Universitaria had the highest mean values of lead and cadmium, 11.91 ppm d.w. and 1.66 ppm d.w., respectively. This was at least, 10- and 8-times higher than the two other sample sites. We believe that using Great-tailed grackles as bioindicators in conjunction with air pollutants sampling from meteorological stations in Monterrey City could help in making decisions when applying environmental remediation measures as well as in the selection of places for housing, school and work among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Guzmán-Velasco
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Biología de la Conservación y Desarrollo Sustentable, C.P. 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, México
| | - Javier I Ramírez-Cruz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Biología de la Conservación y Desarrollo Sustentable, C.P. 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, México
| | - Gabriel Ruiz-Aymá
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Biología de la Conservación y Desarrollo Sustentable, C.P. 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, México
| | - Iram P Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Estructural, C.P. 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, México
| | - Lourdes Garza-Ocañas
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, C.P. 66460, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, México
| | | | - José I González-Rojas
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Biología de la Conservación y Desarrollo Sustentable, C.P. 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, México
| | - Alina Olalla-Kerstupp
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Biología de la Conservación y Desarrollo Sustentable, C.P. 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, México.
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11
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González-Coronel JM, Rodríguez-Alonso G, Guevara-García ÁA. A phylogenetic study of the members of the MAPK and MEK families across Viridiplantae. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250584. [PMID: 33891654 PMCID: PMC8064577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is regulated by the activity of enzymes generically known as kinases. One of those kinases is Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK), which operate through a phosphorylation cascade conformed by members from three related protein kinase families namely MAPK kinase kinase (MEKK), MAPK kinase (MEK), and MAPK; these three acts hierarchically. Establishing the evolution of these proteins in the plant kingdom is an interesting but complicated task because the current MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK subfamilies arose from duplications and subsequent sub-functionalization during the early stage of the emergence of Viridiplantae. Here, an in silico genomic analysis was performed on 18 different plant species, which resulted in the identification of 96 genes not previously annotated as components of the MAPK (70) and MEK (26) families. Interestingly, a deeper analysis of the sequences encoded by such genes revealed the existence of putative domains not previously described as signatures of MAPK and MEK kinases. Additionally, our analysis also suggests the presence of conserved activation motifs besides the canonical TEY and TDY domains, which characterize the MAPK family.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel González-Coronel
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Gustavo Rodríguez-Alonso
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Ángel Arturo Guevara-García
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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González-Lugo OE, Pozos-Guillén A, Ponce-Peña P, Lares-Asseff I, Escobar-García DM, Campos-Cantón I, Vértiz-Hernández AA. Synergistic interaction between 4-allyl-1-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzene (eugenol) and diclofenac: An isobolograpic analysis in Wistar rats. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:978-984. [PMID: 32737935 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical research that contributes pain palliation has suggested that drugs favor the expected effects and minimize the adverse effects. Among the most widely used strategies is the combination of analgesic drugs among those in the same group, with those in another group of analgesics or with co-adjuvants (nonanalgesic drugs or elements of traditional medicine). This work aims to evaluate the interaction between eugenol (EUG) and diclofenac (DFC) on nociception in the presence of a noxious stimulus through the formalin test and isobolographic analysis. The results indicate that EUG, DFC, or the combination of both produce an antinociceptive effect in rodents (p ≤ 0.05). Local co-administration of EUG and DFC gave a theoretical effective dose (Zadd ) 2,936.27 ± 155.33 μg/kg (p ≤ 0.05) significantly higher as compared to the effective experimental doses (Zmix ) of 866.89 ± 0.02 μg/kg in phase 1 and 292.88 ± 0.05 μg/kg in phase 2, with an interaction index of 0.29 and 0.09, respectively. These data allow concluding that the interaction derived from the joint administration of EUG and DFC, in the rodent at a local level, is synergistic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amaury Pozos-Guillén
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ponce-Peña
- Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Juárez University of Durango State, Durango, Mexico
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13
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Hernández-Arciga U, Hernández-Álvarez D, López-Cervantes SP, López-Díazguerrero NE, Alarcón-Aguilar A, Luna-López A, Königsberg M. Effect of long-term moderate-exercise combined with metformin-treatment on antioxidant enzymes activity and expression in the gastrocnemius of old female Wistar rats. Biogerontology 2020; 21:787-805. [PMID: 32749628 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to be involved in the etiology of sarcopenia, a progressive loss of muscle mass and force related to elderly incapacity. A successful intervention to prevent this condition has been exercise-based therapy. Metformin (MTF), an anti-diabetic drug with pleiotropic effects, is known to retain redox homeostasis. However, the combined use of MTF with exercise has shown controversial experimental results. Our research group has shown that MTF-treatment does not limit the benefits provided by exercise, probably by inducing a hormetic response. Hence, our aim was to evaluate the effect of exercise in combination with MTF-treatment on the redox state of old female Wistar rats. Animals were divided into six groups; three groups preformed exercise on a treadmill for 5 days/week for 20 months and the other three were sedentary. Also, two groups of each, exercised and sedentary animals were treated with MTF for 6 or 12 months correspondingly, beside the untreated groups. Rats were euthanized at 24 months. Muscular functionality was analyzed as the relation between the lean mass free of bone with respect to the grip strength. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase content, enzymatic activity and redox state were determined in the gastrocnemius muscle. Our results showed that the exercised group treated with MTF for 12 months presented higher GSH/GSSG rate and high antioxidant scavenging power in contrast to the MTF-treatment for 6 months, where the beneficial effect was less noticeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulalume Hernández-Arciga
- Lab. Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - David Hernández-Álvarez
- Lab. Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Stefanie Paola López-Cervantes
- Lab. Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Norma Edith López-Díazguerrero
- Lab. Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adriana Alarcón-Aguilar
- Lab. Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Mina Königsberg
- Lab. Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Ham-Dueñas JG, Canales-del-Castillo R, Voelker G, Ruvalcaba-Ortega I, Aguirre-Calderón CE, González-Rojas JI. Adaptive genetic diversity and evidence of population genetic structure in the endangered Sierra Madre Sparrow (Xenospiza baileyi). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232282. [PMID: 32352998 PMCID: PMC7192469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnitude and distribution of genetic diversity through space and time can provide useful information relating to evolutionary potential and conservation status in threatened species. In assessing genetic diversity in species that are of conservation concern, several studies have focused on the use of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs are innate immune genes related to pathogen resistance, and polymorphisms may reflect not only levels of functional diversity, but may also be used to assess genetic diversity within and among populations. Here, we combined four potentially adaptive markers (TLRs) with one mitochondrial (COI) marker to evaluate genetic variation in the endangered Sierra Madre Sparrow (Xenospiza baileyi). This species offers an ideal model to investigate population and evolutionary genetic processes that may be occurring in a habitat restricted endangered species with disjunct populations (Mexico City and Durango), the census sizes of which differ by an order of magnitude. TLRs diversity in the Sierra Madre Sparrow was relatively high, which was not expected given its two small, geographically isolated populations. Genetic diversity was different (but not significantly so) between the two populations, with less diversity seen in the smaller Durango population. Population genetic structure between populations was due to isolation and different selective forces acting on different TLRs; population structure was also evident in COI. Reduction of genetic diversity in COI was observed over 20 years in the Durango population, a result likely caused by habitat loss, a factor which may be the main cause of diversity decline generally. Our results provide information related to the ways in which adaptive variation can be altered by demographic changes due to human-mediated habitat alterations. Furthermore, our findings may help to guide conservation schemes for both populations and their restricted habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G. Ham-Dueñas
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Conservación y Desarrollo Sustentable. Cd. Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Ricardo Canales-del-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Conservación y Desarrollo Sustentable. Cd. Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
- * E-mail:
| | - Gary Voelker
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Irene Ruvalcaba-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Conservación y Desarrollo Sustentable. Cd. Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | | | - José I. González-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Conservación y Desarrollo Sustentable. Cd. Universitaria, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
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Aguirre-Castro OA, Inzunza-González E, García-Guerrero EE, Tlelo-Cuautle E, López-Bonilla OR, Olguín-Tiznado JE, Cárdenas-Valdez J. Design and Construction of an ROV for Underwater Exploration. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E5387. [PMID: 31817652 PMCID: PMC6960555 DOI: 10.3390/s19245387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The design of a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) with a size of 18.41 cm × 29.50 cm × 33.50 cm, and a weight of 15.64 kg, is introduced herein. The main goal is to capture underwater video by remote control communication in real time via Ethernet protocol. The ROV moves under the six brushless motors governed through a smart PID controller (Proportional + Integral + Derivative) and by using pulse-wide modulation with short pulses of 1 μs to improve the stability of the position in relation to the translational, ascent or descent, and rotational movements on three axes to capture images of 800 × 640 pixels on a video graphic array standard. The motion control, 3D position, temperature sensing, and video capture are performed at the same time, exploiting the four cores of the Raspberry Pi 3, using the threading library for parallel computing. In such a way, experimental results show that the video capture stage can process up to 42 frames per second on a Raspberry Pi 3. The remote control of the ROV is executed under a graphical user interface developed in Python, which is suitable for different operating systems, such as GNU/Linux, Windows, Android, and OS X. The proposed ROV can reach up to 100 m underwater, thus solving the issue of divers who can only reach 30 m depth. In addition, the proposed ROV can be useful in underwater applications such as surveillance, operations, maintenance, and measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Adrian Aguirre-Castro
- UABC, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Design, Autonomous University of Baja California, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico; (O.A.A.-C.); (E.E.G.-G.); (O.R.L.-B.); (J.E.O.-T.)
| | - Everardo Inzunza-González
- UABC, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Design, Autonomous University of Baja California, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico; (O.A.A.-C.); (E.E.G.-G.); (O.R.L.-B.); (J.E.O.-T.)
| | - Enrique Efrén García-Guerrero
- UABC, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Design, Autonomous University of Baja California, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico; (O.A.A.-C.); (E.E.G.-G.); (O.R.L.-B.); (J.E.O.-T.)
| | | | - Oscar Roberto López-Bonilla
- UABC, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Design, Autonomous University of Baja California, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico; (O.A.A.-C.); (E.E.G.-G.); (O.R.L.-B.); (J.E.O.-T.)
| | - Jesús Everardo Olguín-Tiznado
- UABC, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Design, Autonomous University of Baja California, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico; (O.A.A.-C.); (E.E.G.-G.); (O.R.L.-B.); (J.E.O.-T.)
| | - José Ricardo Cárdenas-Valdez
- ITT, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tijuana Institute of Technology, Tijuana 22500, Baja California, Mexico;
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Medina-Ramírez A, Flores-Díaz AA, Ruiz Camacho B, García-Ruiz G. Synthesis of zeolite membranes on calcium silicate support and their bioactive response. Prog Biomater 2018; 7:61-71. [PMID: 29428997 PMCID: PMC5823815 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-018-0085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of calcium silicate supported zeolite membrane was carried out by second growth method. The chemical nature of the functionalizing agent on the formation of homogenous zeolite membrane was evaluated. One monomer and two cationic polymers were used: 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS), polyethylenimine (PEI) and polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA). The support was subjected to chemical functionalization and then it was rubbed with zeolite crystals. The W zeolite was used as zeolite seed in two different Si/Al ratios. The functionalized and rubbed supports were submitted to hydrothermal treatment at 150 °C for 48 h. The bioactivity of the homogeneous zeolite membranes was evaluated by the biomimetic method through the membranes soaking in a simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C for 21 days. Two immersion methods were evaluated. The products were characterized by XRD and SEM techniques. The results indicated that the supported functionalization with PDDA and the Si/Al ratio (higher than 1.8) of zeolite enhanced the interaction between the support and the zeolite precursor enhancing the formation of homogeneous zeolite membrane on the surface. The presence of the functional groups of PDDA on the membrane was detected by FTIR. After immersion in SBF, the zeolite membrane was stable and led to the formation of Ca-P layer on its surface. The re-immersion method led to the formation of richer Ca/P layer (1.36). These findings allowed generating a zeolite membrane with combined properties of calcium silicate and the controllable porosity of zeolitic material making it potentially useful for bone regeneration and drug releasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Medina-Ramírez
- Division de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato. Noria Alta s/n, 36050 Guanajuato, Guanajuato Mexico
| | - A. A. Flores-Díaz
- Nanotechnology Engineering, Universidad de La Ciénega del Estado de Michoacan de Ocampo, Av. Universidad #3000 Lomas de la Universidad, 56020 Sahuayo, Michoacan Mexico
| | - B. Ruiz Camacho
- Division de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato. Noria Alta s/n, 36050 Guanajuato, Guanajuato Mexico
| | - G. García-Ruiz
- Nanotechnology Engineering, Universidad de La Ciénega del Estado de Michoacan de Ocampo, Av. Universidad #3000 Lomas de la Universidad, 56020 Sahuayo, Michoacan Mexico
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