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Matthaei J, Tzvetkov MV, Gal V, Sachse-Seeboth C, Sehrt D, Hjelmborg JB, Hofmann U, Schwab M, Kerb R, Brockmöller J. Low heritability in pharmacokinetics of talinolol: a pharmacogenetic twin study on the heritability of the pharmacokinetics of talinolol, a putative probe drug of MDR1 and other membrane transporters. Genome Med 2016; 8:119. [PMID: 27825374 PMCID: PMC5101708 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-016-0372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efflux transporters like MDR1 and MRP2 may modulate the pharmacokinetics of about 50 % of all drugs. It is currently unknown how much of the variation in the activities of important drug membrane transporters like MDR1 or MRP2 is determined by genetic or by environmental factors. In this study we assessed the heritability of the pharmacokinetics of talinolol as a putative probe drug for MDR1 and possibly other membrane transporters. METHODS Talinolol pharmacokinetics were investigated in a repeated dose study in 42 monozygotic and 13 same-sex dizygotic twin pairs. The oral clearance of talinolol was predefined as the primary parameter. Heritability was analyzed by structural equation modeling and by within- and between-subject variance and talinolol clearance was correlated with polymorphisms in MDR1, MRP2, BCRP, MDR5, OATP1B1, and OCT1. RESULTS Talinolol clearance varied approximately ninefold in the studied sample of healthy volunteers. The correlation of clearances between siblings was not significantly different for the monozygotic and dizygotic pairs. All data analyses consistently showed that variation of talinolol pharmacokinetics was mainly determined by environmental effects. Structural equation modeling attributed 53.5 % of the variation of oral clearance to common environmental effects influencing both siblings to the same extent and 46.5 % to unique environmental effects randomly affecting individual subjects. Talinolol pharmacokinetics were significantly dependent on sex, body mass index, total protein consumption, and vegetable consumption. CONCLUSIONS The twin study revealed that environmental factors explained much more of the variation in pharmacokinetics of talinolol than genetic factors. TRIAL REGISTRATION European clinical trials database number: EUDRA-CT 2008-006223-31. Registered 26 September 2008. ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01845194 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Matthaei
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mladen V. Tzvetkov
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Valerie Gal
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cordula Sachse-Seeboth
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Sehrt
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jakob B. Hjelmborg
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløwsvej 9B, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Tübingen, Auerbachstraße 112, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Tübingen, Auerbachstraße 112, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kerb
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Tübingen, Auerbachstraße 112, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jürgen Brockmöller
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Gao H, Wang Q, Hormann E, Stuetz W, Stiller C, Biesalski HK, Scherbaum V. Breastfeeding practices on postnatal wards in urban and rural areas of the Deyang region, Sichuan province of China. Int Breastfeed J 2016; 11:11. [PMID: 27182280 PMCID: PMC4867090 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-016-0070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the efforts that have been made to promote breastfeeding in China since the 1990s, there is still a very low prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to assess the current situation of infant feeding practices during the postpartum hospital stay in urban and rural areas of the Deyang region. METHODS Cross-sectional sampling was used in two urban hospitals and five rural clinics in the Deyang region of southwestern China. Interviews with mothers after delivery (urban n = 102, rural n = 99) were conducted before discharge and five focus group discussions were held. RESULTS The prevalence of Caesarean section was high in both urban and rural areas (63.9 % urban vs. 68.4 % rural). After birth, nearly all mothers (98.0 % urban vs. 99.0 % rural) initiated breastfeeding. One week after delivery, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 8.0 % (9.8 % urban vs. 6.1 % rural), almost exclusive breastfeeding 34.5 % (29.4 % urban vs. 39.8 % rural), mixed feeding 56.0 % (58.8 % urban vs. 53.1 % rural), and exclusive formula feeding 1.5 % (2.0 % urban vs. 1.0 % rural). Breastfeeding initiation (≤ two days after birth) was positively associated (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.97, 95 % Confidence Interval [CI] 1.11, 3.50) with exclusive and almost exclusive breastfeeding, whereas birth length under 50 cm (OR 0.48, 95 % CI 0.26, 0.87), mother's education > 12 years (OR 0.46, 95 % CI 0.24, 0.88) and mother's lack of knowledge about the importance of colostrum (OR 0.35, 95 % CI 0.14, 0.86) were negatively associated with almost exclusive breastfeeding. CONCLUSION Although disparities between urban and rural areas exist, the situation of infant feeding is inadequate in both settings. The high prevalence of Caesarean section, the mothers' poor knowledge of the physiology of breast milk production, the mothers' lack of breastfeeding confidence, the widespread advertising of breast milk substitutes, and the changing perception of the function of breasts, may influence the unfavorable breastfeeding behavior observed in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Gao
- />Institute of Social Science in Agriculture (430b), University of Hohenheim, Museumsfluegel, Stuttgart, 70599 Germany
| | - Qi Wang
- />Medical Society of Deyang City, Sichuan, Public Health Bureau of Deyang, Lushan Nan Road No. 299, Jingyang District, Deyang, 618000 China
| | - Elizabeth Hormann
- />Europäisches Institut für Stillen und Laktation, Wittberg 14, Kramsach, 6233 Austria
| | - Wolfgang Stuetz
- />Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition (140a), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, Stuttgart, 70599 Germany
| | - Caroline Stiller
- />Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition (140a), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, Stuttgart, 70599 Germany
| | - Hans Konrad Biesalski
- />Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition (140a), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, Stuttgart, 70599 Germany
- />Food Security Center (793), University of Hohenheim, Wollgrasweg 43, Stuttgart, 70599 Germany
| | - Veronika Scherbaum
- />Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition (140a), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, Stuttgart, 70599 Germany
- />Food Security Center (793), University of Hohenheim, Wollgrasweg 43, Stuttgart, 70599 Germany
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Lei J, Rudolph A, Moysich KB, Behrens S, Goode EL, Bolla MK, Dennis J, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Wang Q, Benitez J, Hopper JL, Southey MC, Schmidt MK, Broeks A, Fasching PA, Haeberle L, Peto J, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Sawyer EJ, Tomlinson I, Burwinkel B, Marmé F, Guénel P, Truong T, Bojesen SE, Flyger H, Nielsen SF, Nordestgaard BG, González-Neira A, Menéndez P, Anton-Culver H, Neuhausen SL, Brenner H, Arndt V, Meindl A, Schmutzler RK, Brauch H, Hamann U, Nevanlinna H, Fagerholm R, Dörk T, Bogdanova NV, Mannermaa A, Hartikainen JM, Van Dijck L, Smeets A, Flesch-Janys D, Eilber U, Radice P, Peterlongo P, Couch FJ, Hallberg E, Giles GG, Milne RL, Haiman CA, Schumacher F, Simard J, Goldberg MS, Kristensen V, Borresen-Dale AL, Zheng W, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Winqvist R, Grip M, Andrulis IL, Glendon G, García-Closas M, Figueroa J, Czene K, Brand JS, Darabi H, Eriksson M, Hall P, Li J, Cox A, Cross SS, Pharoah PDP, Shah M, Kabisch M, Torres D, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Ademuyiwa F, Ambrosone CB, Swerdlow A, Jones M, Chang-Claude J. Genetic variation in the immunosuppression pathway genes and breast cancer susceptibility: a pooled analysis of 42,510 cases and 40,577 controls from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Hum Genet 2016; 135:137-54. [PMID: 26621531 PMCID: PMC4698282 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppression plays a pivotal role in assisting tumors to evade immune destruction and promoting tumor development. We hypothesized that genetic variation in the immunosuppression pathway genes may be implicated in breast cancer tumorigenesis. We included 42,510 female breast cancer cases and 40,577 controls of European ancestry from 37 studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (2015) with available genotype data for 3595 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 133 candidate genes. Associations between genotyped SNPs and overall breast cancer risk, and secondarily according to estrogen receptor (ER) status, were assessed using multiple logistic regression models. Gene-level associations were assessed based on principal component analysis. Gene expression analyses were conducted using RNA sequencing level 3 data from The Cancer Genome Atlas for 989 breast tumor samples and 113 matched normal tissue samples. SNP rs1905339 (A>G) in the STAT3 region was associated with an increased breast cancer risk (per allele odds ratio 1.05, 95 % confidence interval 1.03-1.08; p value = 1.4 × 10(-6)). The association did not differ significantly by ER status. On the gene level, in addition to TGFBR2 and CCND1, IL5 and GM-CSF showed the strongest associations with overall breast cancer risk (p value = 1.0 × 10(-3) and 7.0 × 10(-3), respectively). Furthermore, STAT3 and IL5 but not GM-CSF were differentially expressed between breast tumor tissue and normal tissue (p value = 2.5 × 10(-3), 4.5 × 10(-4) and 0.63, respectively). Our data provide evidence that the immunosuppression pathway genes STAT3, IL5, and GM-CSF may be novel susceptibility loci for breast cancer in women of European ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Lei
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Valencia, Spain
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Marmé
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rainer Fagerholm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Laurien Van Dijck
- VIB Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Smeets
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Cancer Registry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Eilber
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC (Italian Foundation of Cancer Research) di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Emily Hallberg
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Borresen-Dale
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Central Finland Hospital District, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mervi Grip
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Judith S Brand
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon S Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Kabisch
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Michael Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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