1
|
Stepien TA, Singletary LA, Guerra FE, Karlinsey JE, Libby SJ, Jaslow SL, Gaggioli MR, Gibbs KD, Ko DC, Brehm MA, Greiner DL, Shultz LD, Fang FC. Nuclear factor kappa B-dependent persistence of Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi in human macrophages. mBio 2024; 15:e0045424. [PMID: 38497655 PMCID: PMC11005419 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00454-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella serovars Typhi and Paratyphi cause a prolonged illness known as enteric fever, whereas other serovars cause acute gastroenteritis. Mechanisms responsible for the divergent clinical manifestations of nontyphoidal and enteric fever Salmonella infections have remained elusive. Here, we show that S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A can persist within human macrophages, whereas S. Typhimurium rapidly induces apoptotic macrophage cell death that is dependent on Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI2). S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A lack 12 specific SPI2 effectors with pro-apoptotic functions, including nine that target nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Pharmacologic inhibition of NF-κB or heterologous expression of the SPI2 effectors GogA or GtgA restores apoptosis of S. Typhi-infected macrophages. In addition, the absence of the SPI2 effector SarA results in deficient signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) activation and interleukin 12 production, leading to impaired TH1 responses in macrophages and humanized mice. The absence of specific nontyphoidal SPI2 effectors may allow S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A to cause chronic infections. IMPORTANCE Salmonella enterica is a common cause of gastrointestinal infections worldwide. The serovars Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A cause a distinctive systemic illness called enteric fever, whose pathogenesis is incompletely understood. Here, we show that enteric fever Salmonella serovars lack 12 specific virulence factors possessed by nontyphoidal Salmonella serovars, which allow the enteric fever serovars to persist within human macrophages. We propose that this fundamental difference in the interaction of Salmonella with human macrophages is responsible for the chronicity of typhoid and paratyphoid fever, suggesting that targeting the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) complex responsible for macrophage survival could facilitate the clearance of persistent bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. Stepien
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Fermin E. Guerra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joyce E. Karlinsey
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephen J. Libby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sarah L. Jaslow
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Margaret R. Gaggioli
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kyle D. Gibbs
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dennis C. Ko
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael A. Brehm
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dale L. Greiner
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Ferric C. Fang
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McCrury M, Swafford K, Shuttleworth SL, Mehdi SH, Acharya B, Saha D, Naceanceno K, Byrum SD, Storey AJ, Xu YZ, Doshier C, Patel V, Post GR, De Loose A, Rodriguez A, Shultz LD, Zhan F, Yoon D, Frett B, Kendrick S. Bifunctional Inhibitor Reveals NEK2 as a Therapeutic Target and Regulator of Oncogenic Pathways in Lymphoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:316-329. [PMID: 37816504 PMCID: PMC10932871 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the serine/threonine kinase never in mitosis gene A (NIMA)-related kinase 2 (NEK2) is essential for entry into mitosis via its role in facilitating centrosome separation. Its overactivity can lead to tumorigenesis and drug resistance through the activation of several oncogenic pathways, including AKT. Although the cancer-enabling activities of NEK2 are documented in many malignancies, including correlations with poor survival in myeloma, breast, and non-small cell lung cancer, little is known about the role of NEK2 in lymphoma. Here, in tumors from patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common, aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma, we found a high abundance of NEK2 mRNA and protein associated with an inferior overall survival. Using our recently developed NEK2 inhibitor, NBI-961, we discovered that DLBCL cell lines and patient-derived cells exhibit a dependency on NEK2 for their viability. This compromised cell fitness was directly attributable to efficient NEK2 inhibition and proteasomal degradation by NBI-961. In a subset of particularly sensitive DLBCL cells, NBI-961 induced G2/mitosis arrest and apoptosis. In contrast, an existing indirect NEK2 inhibitor, INH154, did not prevent NEK2 autophosphorylation, induce NEK2 proteasomal degradation, or affect cell viability. Global proteomics and phospho-proteomics revealed that NEK2 orchestrates cell-cycle and apoptotic pathways through regulation of both known and new signaling molecules. We show the loss of NEK2-sensitized DLBCL to the chemotherapy agents, doxorubicin and vincristine, and effectively suppressed tumor growth in mice. These studies establish the oncogenic activity of NEK2 in DLBCL and set the foundation for development of anti-NEK2 therapeutic strategies in this frequently refractory and relapse-prone cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mason McCrury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Kennith Swafford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sydnye L. Shuttleworth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Syed Hassan Mehdi
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Baku Acharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Debasmita Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Kevin Naceanceno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Stephanie D. Byrum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Aaron J. Storey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ying-Zhi Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Claire Doshier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Vijay Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ginell R. Post
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Annick De Loose
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Analiz Rodriguez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Donghoon Yoon
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Brendan Frett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Samantha Kendrick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hasanali ZS, Garfall AL, Burzenski L, Shultz LD, Tang Y, Kadu S, Sheppard NC, Dopkin D, Vogl DT, Cohen AD, Waxman AJ, Susanibar-Adaniya SP, Carroll M, Stadtmauer EA, Allman D. Human IL-6 fosters long-term engraftment of patient derived disease-driving myeloma cells in immunodeficient mice. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.21.576547. [PMID: 38328086 PMCID: PMC10849475 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.21.576547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a largely incurable and life-threatening malignancy of antibody-secreting plasma cells. An effective and widely available animal model that recapitulates human myeloma and related plasma cell disorders is lacking. We show that busulfan-conditioned hIL-6 transgenic NSG mice (NSG+hIL6) reliably support the engraftment of malignant and pre-malignant human plasma cells including from patients diagnosed with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, pre- and post-relapse myeloma, plasma cell leukemia, and AL amyloidosis. Consistent with human disease, NSG+hIL6 mice engrafted with patient-derived myeloma cells, developed serum M spikes, and a majority developed anemia, hypercalcemia, and/or bone lesions. Single cell RNA sequencing showed non-malignant and malignant cell engraftment, the latter expressing a wide array of mRNAs associated with myeloma cell survival and proliferation. Myeloma engrafted mice given CAR T-cells targeting plasma cells or bortezomib experienced reduced tumor burden. Our results establish NSG+hIL6 mice as an effective patient derived xenograft model for study and preclinical drug development of multiple myeloma and related plasma cell disorders.
Collapse
|
4
|
Walker JT, Saunders DC, Rai V, Chen HH, Orchard P, Dai C, Pettway YD, Hopkirk AL, Reihsmann CV, Tao Y, Fan S, Shrestha S, Varshney A, Petty LE, Wright JJ, Ventresca C, Agarwala S, Aramandla R, Poffenberger G, Jenkins R, Mei S, Hart NJ, Phillips S, Kang H, Greiner DL, Shultz LD, Bottino R, Liu J, Below JE, Parker SCJ, Powers AC, Brissova M. Genetic risk converges on regulatory networks mediating early type 2 diabetes. Nature 2023; 624:621-629. [PMID: 38049589 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), a major cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality, is characterized by dysfunction of insulin-producing pancreatic islet β cells1,2. T2D genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of signals in non-coding and β cell regulatory genomic regions, but deciphering their biological mechanisms remains challenging3-5. Here, to identify early disease-driving events, we performed traditional and multiplexed pancreatic tissue imaging, sorted-islet cell transcriptomics and islet functional analysis of early-stage T2D and control donors. By integrating diverse modalities, we show that early-stage T2D is characterized by β cell-intrinsic defects that can be proportioned into gene regulatory modules with enrichment in signals of genetic risk. After identifying the β cell hub gene and transcription factor RFX6 within one such module, we demonstrated multiple layers of genetic risk that converge on an RFX6-mediated network to reduce insulin secretion by β cells. RFX6 perturbation in primary human islet cells alters β cell chromatin architecture at regions enriched for T2D GWAS signals, and population-scale genetic analyses causally link genetically predicted reduced RFX6 expression with increased T2D risk. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of complex, systemic diseases necessitates integration of signals from multiple molecules, cells, organs and individuals, and thus we anticipate that this approach will be a useful template to identify and validate key regulatory networks and master hub genes for other diseases or traits using GWAS data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John T Walker
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Diane C Saunders
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Vivek Rai
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hung-Hsin Chen
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter Orchard
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chunhua Dai
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yasminye D Pettway
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander L Hopkirk
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Conrad V Reihsmann
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yicheng Tao
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Simin Fan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shristi Shrestha
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Arushi Varshney
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lauren E Petty
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jordan J Wright
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christa Ventresca
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Samir Agarwala
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Radhika Aramandla
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Greg Poffenberger
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Regina Jenkins
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shaojun Mei
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Hart
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sharon Phillips
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hakmook Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Rita Bottino
- Imagine Pharma, Devon, PA, USA
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer E Below
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Stephen C J Parker
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Daman K, Yan J, Burzenski LM, Kady J, Shultz LD, Brehm MA, Emerson CP. A human immune/muscle xenograft model of FSHD muscle pathology. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.17.567590. [PMID: 38014123 PMCID: PMC10680822 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.17.567590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) disease progression is associated with muscle inflammation, although its role in FSHD muscle pathology is unknown. Methods We have developed a novel humanized mouse strain, NSG-SGM3-W41, that supports the co- engraftment of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and muscle myoblasts as an experimental model to investigate the role of innate immunity in FSHD muscle pathology. Results The NSG-SGM3-W41 mouse supports the selective expansion of human innate immune cell lineages following engraftment of human HSCs and the co-engraftment and differentiation of patient-derived FSHD or control muscle myoblasts. Immunohistological and NanoString RNA expression assays establish that muscle xenografts from three FSHD subjects were immunogenic compared to those from unaffected first-degree relatives. FSHD muscle xenografts preferentially accumulated human macrophages and B cells and expressed early complement genes of the classical and alternative pathways including complement factor C3 protein, which is a mediator of early complement function through opsonization to mark damaged cells for macrophage engulfment. FSHD muscle xenografts also underwent immune donor dependent muscle turnover as assayed by human spectrin β1 immunostaining of muscle fibers and by NanoString RNA expression assays of muscle differentiation genes. Conclusions The NSG-SGM3-W41 mouse provides an experimental model to investigate the role of innate immunity and complement in FSHD muscle pathology and to develop FSHD therapeutics targeting DUX4 and the innate immunity inflammatory responses.
Collapse
|
6
|
Jia B, Zhao C, Minagawa K, Shike H, Claxton DF, Ehmann WC, Rybka WB, Mineishi S, Wang M, Schell TD, Prabhu KS, Paulson RF, Zhang Y, Shultz LD, Zheng H. Acute Myeloid Leukemia Causes T Cell Exhaustion and Depletion in a Humanized Graft-versus-Leukemia Model. J Immunol 2023; 211:1426-1437. [PMID: 37712758 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) is, in many clinical settings, the only curative treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The clinical benefit of alloSCT greatly relies on the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. However, AML relapse remains the top cause of posttransplant death; this highlights the urgent need to enhance GVL. Studies of human GVL have been hindered by the lack of optimal clinically relevant models. In this article, we report, the successful establishment of a novel (to our knowledge) humanized GVL model system by transplanting clinically paired donor PBMCs and patient AML into MHC class I/II knockout NSG mice. We observed significantly reduced leukemia growth in humanized mice compared with mice that received AML alone, demonstrating a functional GVL effect. Using this model system, we studied human GVL responses against human AML cells in vivo and discovered that AML induced T cell depletion, likely because of increased T cell apoptosis. In addition, AML caused T cell exhaustion manifested by upregulation of inhibitory receptors, increased expression of exhaustion-related transcription factors, and decreased T cell function. Importantly, combined blockade of human T cell-inhibitory pathways effectively reduced leukemia burden and reinvigorated CD8 T cell function in this model system. These data, generated in a highly clinically relevant humanized GVL model, not only demonstrate AML-induced inhibition of alloreactive T cells but also identify promising therapeutic strategies targeting T cell depletion and exhaustion for overcoming GVL failure and treating AML relapse after alloSCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Jia
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Kentaro Minagawa
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Hiroko Shike
- Department of Pathology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - David F Claxton
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - W Christopher Ehmann
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Witold B Rybka
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Shin Mineishi
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Todd D Schell
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - K Sandeep Prabhu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA
| | - Robert F Paulson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Edison, NJ
| | - Leonard D Shultz
- Department of Immunology, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
| | - Hong Zheng
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Del Rio NM, Huang L, Murphy L, Babu JS, Daffada CM, Haynes WJ, Keck JG, Brehm MA, Shultz LD, Brown ME. Generation of the NeoThy mouse model for human immune system studies. Lab Anim (NY) 2023; 52:149-168. [PMID: 37386161 PMCID: PMC10935607 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-023-01196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Humanized mouse models, created via transplantation of human hematopoietic tissues into immune-deficient mice, support a number of research applications, including transplantation immunology, virology and oncology studies. As an alternative to the bone marrow, liver, thymus humanized mouse, which uses fetal tissues for generating a chimeric human immune system, the NeoThy humanized mouse uses nonfetal tissue sources. Specifically, the NeoThy model incorporates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from umbilical cord blood (UCB) as well as thymus tissue that is typically discarded as medical waste during neonatal cardiac surgeries. Compared with fetal thymus tissue, the abundant quantity of neonatal thymus tissue offers the opportunity to prepare over 1,000 NeoThy mice from an individual thymus donor. Here we describe a protocol for processing of the neonatal tissues (thymus and UCB) and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell separation, human leukocyte antigen typing and matching of allogenic thymus and UCB tissues, creation of NeoThy mice, assessment of human immune cell reconstitution and all experimental steps from planning and design to data analysis. This entire protocol takes a total of ~19 h to complete, with steps broken up into multiple sessions of 4 h or less that can be paused and completed over multiple days. The protocol can be completed, after practice, by individuals with intermediate laboratory and animal handling skills, enabling researchers to make effective use of this promising in vivo model of human immune function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Liupei Huang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lydia Murphy
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael A Brehm
- The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Doloff JC, Ma M, Sadraei A, Tam HH, Farah S, Hollister-Lock J, Vegas AJ, Veiseh O, Quiroz VM, Rakoski A, Aresta-DaSilva S, Bader AR, Griffin M, Weir GC, Brehm MA, Shultz LD, Langer R, Greiner DL, Anderson DG. Identification of a humanized mouse model for functional testing of immune-mediated biomaterial foreign body response. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eade9488. [PMID: 37327334 PMCID: PMC10275594 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade9488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical devices comprise a major component of modern medicine, however immune-mediated fibrosis and rejection can limit their function over time. Here, we describe a humanized mouse model that recapitulates fibrosis following biomaterial implantation. Cellular and cytokine responses to multiple biomaterials were evaluated across different implant sites. Human innate immune macrophages were verified as essential to biomaterial rejection in this model and were capable of cross-talk with mouse fibroblasts for collagen matrix deposition. Cytokine and cytokine receptor array analysis confirmed core signaling in the fibrotic cascade. Foreign body giant cell formation, often unobserved in mice, was also prominent. Last, high-resolution microscopy coupled with multiplexed antibody capture digital profiling analysis supplied spatial resolution of rejection responses. This model enables the study of human immune cell-mediated fibrosis and interactions with implanted biomaterials and devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C. Doloff
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Minglin Ma
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Atieh Sadraei
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hok Hei Tam
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shady Farah
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jennifer Hollister-Lock
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Arturo J. Vegas
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Omid Veiseh
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Victor M. Quiroz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Amanda Rakoski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Stephanie Aresta-DaSilva
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew R. Bader
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marissa Griffin
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gordon C. Weir
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michael A. Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Centre of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dale L. Greiner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Centre of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Daniel G. Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang J, Jiao J, Draheim KM, Yang G, Yang H, Yao LC, Shultz LD, Greiner DL, Rajagopal D, Vessillier S, Maier CC, Mohanan S, Cai D, Cheng M, Brehm MA, Keck JG. Simultaneous evaluation of treatment efficacy and toxicity for bispecific T-cell engager therapeutics in a humanized mouse model. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22995. [PMID: 37219526 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300040r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Immuno-oncology (IO)-based therapies such as checkpoint inhibitors, bi-specific antibodies, and CAR-T-cell therapies have shown significant success in the treatment of several cancer indications. However, these therapies can result in the development of severe adverse events, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Currently, there is a paucity of in vivo models that can evaluate dose-response relationships for both tumor control and CRS-related safety issues. We tested an in vivo PBMC humanized mouse model to assess both treatment efficacy against specific tumors and the concurrent cytokine release profiles for individual human donors after treatment with a CD19xCD3 bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE). Using this model, we evaluated tumor burden, T-cell activation, and cytokine release in response to bispecific T-cell-engaging antibody in humanized mice generated with different PBMC donors. The results show that PBMC engrafted NOD-scid Il2rgnull mice lacking expression of mouse MHC class I and II (NSG-MHC-DKO mice) and implanted with a tumor xenograft predict both efficacy for tumor control by CD19xCD3 BiTE and stimulated cytokine release. Moreover, our findings indicate that this PBMC-engrafted model captures variability among donors for tumor control and cytokine release following treatment. Tumor control and cytokine release were reproducible for the same PBMC donor in separate experiments. The PBMC humanized mouse model described here is a sensitive and reproducible platform that identifies specific patient/cancer/therapy combinations for treatment efficacy and development of complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Yang
- The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jing Jiao
- The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Li-Chin Yao
- The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | - Dale L Greiner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deepa Rajagopal
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Sandrine Vessillier
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Curtis C Maier
- Non Clinical Safety, GlaxoSmithKline plc, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sunish Mohanan
- NonClinical Safety and Pathobiology, Gilead Sciences Inc', Foster City, California, USA
| | - Danying Cai
- The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | - Michael A Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James G Keck
- The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Aryee KE, Shultz LD, Burzenski LM, Greiner DL, Brehm MA. NOD-scid IL2rγnull mice lacking TLR4 support human immune system development and the study of human-specific innate immunity. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 113:418-433. [PMID: 36801998 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Agents that induce inflammation have been used since the 18th century for the treatment of cancer. The inflammation induced by agents such as Toll-like receptor agonists is thought to stimulate tumor-specific immunity in patients and augment control of tumor burden. While NOD-scid IL2rγnull mice lack murine adaptive immunity (T cells and B cells), these mice maintain a residual murine innate immune system that responds to Toll-like receptor agonists. Here we describe a novel NOD-scid IL2rγnull mouse lacking murine TLR4 that fails to respond to lipopolysaccharide. NSG-Tlr4null mice support human immune system engraftment and enable the study of human-specific responses to TLR4 agonists in the absence of the confounding effects of a murine response. Our data demonstrate that specific stimulation of TLR4 activates human innate immune systems and delays the growth kinetics of a human patient-derived xenograft melanoma tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Edwin Aryee
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, AS7-2053, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Leonard D Shultz
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, United States
| | - Lisa M Burzenski
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, United States
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, AS7-2053, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Michael A Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, AS7-2053, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chuprin J, Buettner H, Seedhom MO, Greiner DL, Keck JG, Ishikawa F, Shultz LD, Brehm MA. Humanized mouse models for immuno-oncology research. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023; 20:192-206. [PMID: 36635480 PMCID: PMC10593256 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment paradigm for many malignancies and is transforming the drug development landscape. Although immunotherapeutic agents have demonstrated clinical efficacy, they are associated with variable clinical responses, and substantial gaps remain in our understanding of their mechanisms of action and specific biomarkers of response. Currently, the number of preclinical models that faithfully recapitulate interactions between the human immune system and tumours and enable evaluation of human-specific immunotherapies in vivo is limited. Humanized mice, a term that refers to immunodeficient mice co-engrafted with human tumours and immune components, provide several advantages for immuno-oncology research. In this Review, we discuss the benefits and challenges of the currently available humanized mice, including specific interactions between engrafted human tumours and immune components, the development and survival of human innate immune populations in these mice, and approaches to study mice engrafted with matched patient tumours and immune cells. We highlight the latest advances in the generation of humanized mouse models, with the aim of providing a guide for their application to immuno-oncology studies with potential for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Chuprin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Hannah Buettner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Mina O Seedhom
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael A Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gong Z, Li Q, Shi J, Li P, Hua L, Shultz LD, Ren G. Immunosuppressive reprogramming of neutrophils by lung mesenchymal cells promotes breast cancer metastasis. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadd5204. [PMID: 36800412 PMCID: PMC10067025 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add5204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant innate immune cells, function as crucial regulators of the adaptive immune system in diverse pathological conditions, including metastatic cancer. However, it remains largely unknown whether their immunomodulatory functions are intrinsic or acquired within the pathological tissue environment. Here, using mouse models of metastatic breast cancer in the lungs, we show that, although neutrophils isolated from bone marrow (BM) or blood are minimally immunosuppressive, lung-infiltrating neutrophils are robustly suppressive of both T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. We found that this tissue-specific immunosuppressive capacity of neutrophils exists in the steady state and is reinforced by tumor-associated inflammation. Acquisition of potent immunosuppression activity by lung-infiltrating neutrophils was endowed by the lung-resident stroma, specifically CD140a+ mesenchymal cells (MCs) and largely via prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), the rate-limiting enzyme for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) biosynthesis. MC-specific deletion of Ptgs2 or pharmacological inhibition of PGE2 receptors reversed lung neutrophil-mediated immunosuppression and mitigated lung metastasis of breast cancer in vivo. These lung stroma-targeting strategies substantially improved the therapeutic efficacy of adoptive T cell-based immunotherapy in treating metastatic disease in mice. Collectively, our results reveal that the immunoregulatory effects of neutrophils are induced by tissue-resident stroma and that targeting tissue-specific stromal factors represents an effective approach to boost tissue-resident immunity against metastatic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gong
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Qing Li
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Jiayuan Shi
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Peishan Li
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Li Hua
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | | | - Guangwen Ren
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jung S, Jiang L, Zhao J, Shultz LD, Greiner DL, Bae M, Li X, Ordikhani F, Kuai R, Joseph J, Kasinath V, Elmaleh DR, Abdi R. Clathrin light chain-conjugated drug delivery for cancer. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10273. [PMID: 36684105 PMCID: PMC9842032 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery systems hold the remarkable potential to improve the therapeutic index of anticancer medications markedly. Here, we report a targeted delivery platform for cancer treatment using clathrin light chain (CLC)-conjugated drugs. We conjugated CLC to paclitaxel (PTX) through a glutaric anhydride at high efficiency. Labeled CLCs localized to 4T1 tumors implanted in mice, and conjugation of PTX to CLC enhanced its delivery to these tumors. Treatment of three different mouse models of cancer-melanoma, breast cancer, and lung cancer-with CLC-PTX resulted in significant growth inhibition of both the primary tumor and metastatic lesions, as compared to treatment with free PTX. CLC-PTX treatment caused a marked increase in apoptosis of tumor cells and reduction of tumor angiogenesis. Our data suggested HSP70 as a binding partner for CLC. Our study demonstrates that CLC-based drug-conjugates constitute a novel drug delivery platform that can augment the effects of chemotherapeutics in treating a variety of cancers. Moreover, conjugation of therapeutics with CLC may be used as means by which drugs are delivered specifically to primary tumors and metastatic lesions, thereby prolonging the survival of cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungwook Jung
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal DivisionBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Liwei Jiang
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal DivisionBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Institute of Health and Medical TechnologyHefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesBostonHefeiChina
| | - Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal DivisionBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Dale L. Greiner
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Munhyung Bae
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular PharmacologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal DivisionBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Farideh Ordikhani
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal DivisionBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Rui Kuai
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - John Joseph
- Center for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal DivisionBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - David R. Elmaleh
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal DivisionBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gong Z, Li Q, Shi J, Liu ET, Shultz LD, Ren G. Lipid-laden lung mesenchymal cells foster breast cancer metastasis via metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells and natural killer cells. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1960-1976.e9. [PMID: 36476935 PMCID: PMC9819197 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While the distant organ environment is known to support metastasis of primary tumors, its metabolic roles in this process remain underdetermined. Here, in breast cancer models, we found lung-resident mesenchymal cells (MCs) accumulating neutral lipids at the pre-metastatic stage. This was partially mediated by interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated (HILPDA) that subsequently represses adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) activity in lung MCs. MC-specific ablation of the ATGL or HILPDA genes in mice reinforced and reduced lung metastasis of breast cancer respectively, suggesting a metastasis-promoting effect of lipid-laden MCs. Mechanistically, lipid-laden MCs transported their lipids to tumor cells and natural killer (NK) cells via exosome-like vesicles, leading to heightened tumor cell survival and proliferation and NK cell dysfunction. Blockage of IL-1β, which was effective singly, improved the efficacy of adoptive NK cell immunotherapy in mitigating lung metastasis. Collectively, lung MCs metabolically regulate tumor cells and anti-tumor immunity to facilitate breast cancer lung metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gong
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Qing Li
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Jiayuan Shi
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Edison T Liu
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | | | - Guangwen Ren
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aryee K, Burzenski LM, Yao L, Keck JG, Greiner D, Shultz LD, Brehm MA. Enhanced development of functional human NK cells in NOD-scid-IL2rg null mice expressing human IL15. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22476. [PMID: 35959876 PMCID: PMC9383543 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200045r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human innate immunity plays a critical role in tumor surveillance and in immunoregulation within the tumor microenvironment. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that have opposing roles in the tumor microenvironment, including NK cell subsets that mediate tumor cell cytotoxicity and subsets with regulatory function that contribute to the tumor immune suppressive environment. The balance between effector and regulatory NK cell subsets has been studied extensively in murine models of cancer, but there is a paucity of models to study human NK cell function in tumorigenesis. Humanized mice are a powerful alternative to syngeneic mouse tumor models for the study of human immuno-oncology and have proven effective tools to test immunotherapies targeting T cells. However, human NK cell development and survival in humanized NOD-scid-IL2rgnull (NSG) mice are severely limited. To enhance NK cell development, we have developed NSG mice that constitutively expresses human Interleukin 15 (IL15), NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15). Following hematopoietic stem cell engraftment of NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice, significantly higher levels of functional human CD56+ NK cells are detectable in blood and spleen, as compared to NSG mice. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-engrafted NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice also supported the development of human CD3+ T cells, CD20+ B cells, and CD33+ myeloid cells. Moreover, the growth kinetics of a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) melanoma were significantly delayed in HSC-engrafted NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice as compared to HSC-engrafted NSG mice demonstrating that human NK cells have a key role in limiting the tumor growth. Together, these data demonstrate that HSC-engrafted NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice support enhanced development of functional human NK cells, which limit the growth of PDX tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken‐Edwin Aryee
- Program in Molecular MedicineDiabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Li‐Chin Yao
- The Jackson LaboratorySacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Dale L. Greiner
- Program in Molecular MedicineDiabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Michael A. Brehm
- Program in Molecular MedicineDiabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gong Z, Li Q, Shi J, Wei J, Li P, Chang CH, Shultz LD, Ren G. Lung fibroblasts facilitate pre-metastatic niche formation by remodeling the local immune microenvironment. Immunity 2022; 55:1483-1500.e9. [PMID: 35908547 PMCID: PMC9830653 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Primary tumors are drivers of pre-metastatic niche formation, but the coordination by the secondary organ toward metastatic dissemination is underappreciated. Here, by single-cell RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence, we identified a population of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)-expressing adventitial fibroblasts that remodeled the lung immune microenvironment. At steady state, fibroblasts in the lungs produced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which drove dysfunctional dendritic cells (DCs) and suppressive monocytes. This lung-intrinsic stromal program was propagated by tumor-associated inflammation, particularly the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β, supporting a pre-metastatic niche. Genetic ablation of Ptgs2 (encoding COX-2) in fibroblasts was sufficient to reverse the immune-suppressive phenotypes of lung-resident myeloid cells, resulting in heightened immune activation and diminished lung metastasis in multiple breast cancer models. Moreover, the anti-metastatic activity of DC-based therapy and PD-1 blockade was improved by fibroblast-specific Ptgs2 deletion or dual inhibition of PGE2 receptors EP2 and EP4. Collectively, lung-resident fibroblasts reshape the local immune landscape to facilitate breast cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gong
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Qing Li
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Jiayuan Shi
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Jian Wei
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Peishan Li
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Chang
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | | | - Guangwen Ren
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang J, Jiao J, Draheim K, Cai D, Brehm MA, Shultz LD, Greiner DL, Cheng M, Keck JG. Abstract 2049: A novel, rapid, sensitive, and reproducible in vivo platform to assess efficacy and toxicity of bispecific antibodies. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) enhances the antitumor capabilities of T-cells by directing them to recognize a tumor-specific antigen. Several BiTEs are currently in clinical trials, and there is one FDA-approved BiTE for cancer therapy at the moment. However, one of the biggest challenges BiTE is currently facing is cytokine release syndrome (CRS). While most patients have mild flu-like symptoms, some patients experience a severe inflammatory syndrome, which could ultimately cause multi-system organ failure and death. Thus, the key is to accurately predict the risk-benefit ratio of each individual before starting the treatment. Unfortunately, there is no reliable in vitro or in vivo model to predict the toxicity and efficacy of BiTE at the moment. Additionally, one of the most challenging factors for pre-clinical evaluation of BiTEs for toxicity and efficacy is the inherent differences among patients’ immune systems. Here, we developed an in vivo PBMC-humanized mouse model that can evaluate both toxicity and efficacy of BiTE and other immune-oncology therapeutics in each individual mouse. The platform was validated using an anti-CD28 superagonist (TGN1412), which none of the pre-clinical in vitro assays and in vivo studies, including non-human primates, executed before clinical trials were able to predict the observed clinical toxicities. This model uses luciferase-tagged human B-cell lymphoma Raji tumor cells to allow the measurement of tumor burden and response to treatment, along with toxicity simultaneously. In addition, we showed that this platform can determine individual PBMC donor differences, and potential adverse drug combinations and drug dose-response with efficacy and safety on individual PBMC donors. The model we developed can potentially be used as a predictive and reproducible platform to identify patient, cancer, and therapy combinations at risk for developing CRS. This model will also help to optimize the therapeutic drug dose range to improve the safety profile of BiTE and other immune-oncology drugs. We believe this platform will greatly benefit not only the scientific community but potentially cancer patients as well.
Citation Format: Jiwon Yang, Jing Jiao, Kyle Draheim, Danying Cai, Michael A. Brehm, Leonard D. Shultz, Dale L. Greiner, Mingshan Cheng, James G. Keck. A novel, rapid, sensitive, and reproducible in vivo platform to assess efficacy and toxicity of bispecific antibodies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2049.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Jiao
- 1The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang G, Yao LC, Brehm MA, Greiner DL, Shultz LD, Cai D, Cheng MI, Keck JG. Abstract 2875: Development of a new tumor-bearing humanized mouse model to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of bispecific T cell engagers. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: T cell-based immunotherapies, especially the bispecific T cell engager (BiTE), which recruit T cells to tumor cells, have been developed rapidly for treatment of malignancies. However, the wide application of BiTE therapies is limited by accompanying severe adverse effects such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Since human cancer cells are not incorporated in the CRS evaluation, currently used in vivo animal models and in vitro human immune cell activation assays do not reliably evaluate the induction of CRS by immune drugs that is seen in BiTE treated cancer patients. In addition, the differences between human and mouse immune systems hamper the development of new immune-oncology therapeutic drugs. Thus, establishing a predictive in vivo animal model that can screen both efficacy of cancer therapy and risk of developing CRS is critical for improving the safety of immune drug development for treatment of cancer patients.
Method: Humanized mice were developed in NSG-MHC class I/II double knock out (DKO) mouse recipients following reconstitution with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The MDA-MB-231/Luciferase-2A-GFP stable breast cancer cell line (MDA), which expressed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), were implanted in mice 5 days after PBMC engraftment. Following EGFRxCD3 BiTE treatment whole-body tumor burden was quantified by an in vivo imaging system. To evaluate the CRS levels in response to BiTE therapy, cytokine levels were analyzed by BD cytometric bead array. Clinical observations, CRS scores, body weight changes and human immune cell activation were also monitored for CRS assessment.
Results: PBMC humanized models were successfully established with breast cancer cell engraftment. After treatment with EGFRxCD3 BiTE, the mice exhibited elevated serum levels of human IFNgamma, TNF-a, IL-6, IL-10, IL-2 and IL-4 compared to a vehicle control group. This cytokine production was dose-dependent and was associated with an increase of toxic mouse clinical evaluation score. In contrast, there was no significant inflammatory cytokine production in PBMC humanized mice without MDA cell implantation, suggesting T cell activation by BiTE followed binding to the cancer cells. BiTE treatment for 2-4 days significantly suppressed tumor growth in lung as measured by luciferin imaging. With serial doses of BiTE treatment, we observed a dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth.
Conclusion: We developed a novel in vivo PBMC humanized mouse model bearing human tumor cells that can be used to determine the optimal dose of BiTE for inhibition of tumor growth with low toxicity risk. This model provides a growth environment similar to that of patients and has important application values in simultaneously evaluating the efficacy and safety of any T cell-based immunotherapies including BiTE to define optimal approaches for clinical cancer treatment.
Citation Format: Guoxiang Yang, Li-Chin Yao, Michael A. Brehm, Dale L. Greiner, Leonard D. Shultz, Danying Cai, MIngshan Cheng, James G. Keck. Development of a new tumor-bearing humanized mouse model to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of bispecific T cell engagers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2875.
Collapse
|
19
|
Yao LC, Vaidya S, Kaur P, Keck JG, Shultz LD, Greiner DL, Brehm MIA. Abstract 1640: Enhanced development of functional human innate immune cells in a novel FLT3nullNSG mouse strain expressing human FLT3L. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Humanized mice are being applied widely to study human immune system homeostasis, function, and as a testing platform for cancer immunotherapies. A major limitation for many humanized mouse models is the lack of functional and mature human innate immune cells, which are critical for effective human immune system-tumor interactions. Previous studies have demonstrated that delivery of human FLT3L into immunodeficient mice that lack mouse FLT3, promotes the development of human innate immune cell subsets following engraftment with human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Here we describe a NOD-scid IL2rgnull (NSG) mouse that lacks the expression of mouse FLT3 and expresses human FLT3L transgenically (NSG-mFLT3nullTg (HuFLT3L) or NSG-FLT3L. In these studies, NSG-FLT3L and NSG mice were engrafted with human umbilical cord blood (UCB) CD34+ HSC and compared for human immune system development and function. HSC-engrafted NSG-FLT3L and NSG mice show similar levels of total human CD45+ cells in blood over the course of 18 weeks post-engraftment. However, HSC-engrafted NSG-FLT3L mice show significantly higher levels of human CD141+ and CD1c+ DC subsets, CD123+ pDC, CD14+ monocytes, CD56+ NK cells and CD3+ T cells in the blood as compared to NSG mice. CD34-FLT3L mice also show increased levels of human immune cell infiltration into the gut mucosa. CD56+ NK cells and CD3+ T cells from HSC-engrafted NSG-FLT3L mice express granzyme A and granzyme B, indicating cytotoxic activity. Following treatment of HSC-engrafted NSG-FLT3L mice with LPS, heightened levels of human cytokines were detected in serum samples, confirming innate immune system function. The growth kinetics of tumor cells from a triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and a lung PDX model LG1306 in HSC-engrafted NSG-FLT3L mice are work in progress and will be compared with HSG-engrafted NSG mice. Overall these results demonstrate that the NSG-FLT3L model supports enhanced development of functional, human innate immune cells and is a novel tool to study human immuno-oncology.
Citation Format: Li-Chin Yao, Shantashri Vaidya, Pali Kaur, James G. Keck, Leonard D. Shultz, Dale L. Greiner, MIchael A. Brehm. Enhanced development of functional human innate immune cells in a novel FLT3nullNSG mouse strain expressing human FLT3L [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1640.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pali Kaur
- 1The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, CA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jia B, Zhao C, Bayerl M, Shike H, Claxton DF, Ehmann WC, Mineishi S, Schell TD, Zheng P, Zhang Y, Shultz LD, Prabhu KS, Paulson RF, Zheng H. A novel clinically relevant graft-versus-leukemia model in humanized mice. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:427-437. [PMID: 34057741 PMCID: PMC8922387 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ab0820-542rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) relapse post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) is dismal. Novel effective treatment is urgently needed. Clinical benefit of alloSCT greatly relies on the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. The mechanisms that mediate immune escape of leukemia (thus causing GVL failure) remain poorly understood. Studies of human GVL have been hindered by the lack of optimal clinically relevant models. Here, using our large, longitudinal clinical tissue bank that include AML cells and G-CSF mobilized donor hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), we successfully established a novel GVL model in humanized mice. Donor HSCs were injected into immune-deficient NOD-Cg-Prkdcscid IL2rgtm1Wjl /SzJ (NSG) mice to build humanized mice. Immune reconstitution in these mice recapitulated some clinical scenario in the patient who received the corresponding HSCs. Allogeneic but HLA partially matched patient-derived AML cells were successfully engrafted in these humanized mice. Importantly, we observed a significantly reduced (yet incomplete elimination of) leukemia growth in humanized mice compared with that in control NSG mice, demonstrating a functional (but defective) GVL effect. Thus, for the first time, we established a novel humanized mouse model that can be used for studying human GVL responses against human AML cells in vivo. This novel clinically relevant model provides a valuable platform for investigating the mechanisms of human GVL and development of effective leukemia treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Jia
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Michael Bayerl
- Department of Pathology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Hiroko Shike
- Department of Pathology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - David F. Claxton
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - W Christopher Ehmann
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Shin Mineishi
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Todd D. Schell
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Pan Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Division of Immunotherapy, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Leonard D. Shultz
- Department of Immunology, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - K. Sandeep Prabhu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Robert F. Paulson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Hong Zheng
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Saito N, Yamauchi T, Kawano N, Ono R, Yoshida S, Miyamoto T, Kamimura T, Shultz LD, Saito Y, Takenaka K, Shimoda K, Harada M, Akashi K, Ishikawa F. Circulating CD34+ cells of primary myelofibrosis patients contribute to myeloid-dominant hematopoiesis and bone marrow fibrosis in immunodeficient mice. Int J Hematol 2022; 115:198-207. [PMID: 34773575 PMCID: PMC8905546 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-021-03239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a clonal stem cell disorder characterized by myeloid dominant hematopoiesis and dysregulated proliferation of fibroblasts in the bone marrow. However, how these aberrant myeloid cells and fibroblasts are produced remains unclear. AIM AND METHODS In this study, we examined in vivo engraftment kinetics of PMF patient-derived CD34+ cells in immunecompromised NOD/SCID/IL2rgKO (NSG) mice. Engrafted human cells were analyzed with flow cytometry, and proliferation of fibroblastic cells and bone marrow fibrosis were assessed with the histo-pathological examination. RESULTS Transplantation of PMF patient-derived circulating CD34+ fractions into NSG newborns recapitulates clinical features of human PMF. Engraftment of human CD45+ leukocytes resulted in anemia and myeloid hyperplasia accompanied by bone marrow fibrosis by six months post-transplantation. Fibrotic bone marrow contained CD45-vimentin+ cells of both human and mouse origin, suggesting that circulating malignant CD34+ subsets contribute to myelofibrotic changes in PMF through direct and indirect mechanisms. CONCLUSION A patient-derived xenotransplantation (PDX) model of PMF allows in vivo examination of disease onset and propagation originating from immature CD34+ cells and will support the investigation of pathogenesis and development of therapeutic modalities for the disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Saito
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, 1-3-46 Tenjin, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka, 810-0001, Japan
| | - Takuji Yamauchi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kawano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Rintaro Ono
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shuro Yoshida
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Miyamoto
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoriko Saito
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Katsuto Takenaka
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimoda
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Mine Harada
- Karatsu Higashimatsuura Medical Center, Karatsu, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Fumihiko Ishikawa
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Stepien TA, Libby SJ, Karlinsey JE, Brehm MA, Greiner DL, Shultz LD, Brabb T, Fang FC. Analysis of Salmonella Typhi Pathogenesis in a Humanized Mouse Model. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2427:215-234. [PMID: 35619037 PMCID: PMC9682973 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1971-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to understand molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of the human-restricted pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever, have been hampered by the lack of a tractable small animal model. This obstacle has been surmounted by a humanized mouse model in which genetically modified mice are engrafted with purified CD34+ stem cells from human umbilical cord blood, designated CD34+ Hu-NSG (formerly hu-SRC-SCID) mice. We have shown that these mice develop a lethal systemic infection with S. Typhi that is dependent on the presence of engrafted human hematopoietic cells. Immunological and pathological features of human typhoid are recapitulated in this model, which has been successfully employed for the identification of bacterial genetic determinants of S. Typhi virulence. Here we describe the methods used to infect CD34+ Hu-NSG mice with S. Typhi in humanized mice and to construct and analyze a transposon-directed insertion site sequencing S. Typhi library, and provide general considerations for the use of humanized mice for the study of a human-restricted pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Stepien
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen J Libby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joyce E Karlinsey
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael A Brehm
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Thea Brabb
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ferric C Fang
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bhatta M, Shenoy GN, Loyall JL, Gray BD, Bapardekar M, Conway A, Minderman H, Kelleher RJ, Carreno BM, Linette G, Shultz LD, Odunsi K, Balu-Iyer SV, Pak KY, Bankert RB. Novel phosphatidylserine-binding molecule enhances antitumor T-cell responses by targeting immunosuppressive exosomes in human tumor microenvironments. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003148. [PMID: 34599030 PMCID: PMC8488709 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and dynamic milieu of diverse acellular and cellular components, creating an immunosuppressive environment, which contributes to tumor progression. We have previously shown that phosphatidylserine (PS) expressed on the surface of exosomes isolated from human TMEs is causally linked to T-cell immunosuppression, representing a potential immunotherapeutic target. In this study, we investigated the effect of ExoBlock, a novel PS-binding molecule, on T-cell responses in the TME. Methods We designed and synthesized a new compound, (ZnDPA)6-DP-15K, a multivalent PS binder named ExoBlock. The PS-binding avidity of ExoBlock was tested using an in vitro competition assay. The ability of this molecule to reverse exosome-mediated immunosuppression in vitro was tested using human T-cell activation assays. The in vivo therapeutic efficacy of ExoBlock was then tested in two different human tumor xenograft models, the melanoma-based xenomimetic (X-)mouse model, and the ovarian tumor-based omental tumor xenograft (OTX) model. Results ExoBlock was able to bind PS with high avidity and was found to consistently and significantly block the immunosuppressive activity of human ovarian tumor and melanoma-associated exosomes in vitro. ExoBlock was also able to significantly enhance T cell-mediated tumor suppression in vivo in both the X-mouse and the OTX model. In the X-mouse model, ExoBlock suppressed tumor recurrence in a T cell-dependent manner. In the OTX model, ExoBlock treatment resulted in an increase in the number as well as function of CD4 and CD8 T cells in the TME, which was associated with a reduction in tumor burden and metastasis, as well as in the number of circulating PS+ exosomes in tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion Our results establish that targeting exosomal PS in TMEs with ExoBlock represents a promising strategy to enhance antitumor T-cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gautam N Shenoy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jenni L Loyall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Brian D Gray
- Molecular Targeting Technologies Inc, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meghana Bapardekar
- Flow & Image Cytometry Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Alexis Conway
- Flow & Image Cytometry Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Hans Minderman
- Flow & Image Cytometry Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Raymond J Kelleher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Beatriz M Carreno
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gerald Linette
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Kunle Odunsi
- University of Chicago Biological Sciences Division, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sathy V Balu-Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo-The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Koon Yan Pak
- Molecular Targeting Technologies Inc, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard B Bankert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hashimoto M, Saito Y, Nakagawa R, Ogahara I, Takagi S, Takata S, Amitani H, Endo M, Yuki H, Ramilowski JA, Severin J, Manabe RI, Watanabe T, Ozaki K, Kaneko A, Kajita H, Fujiki S, Sato K, Honma T, Uchida N, Fukami T, Okazaki Y, Ohara O, Shultz LD, Yamada M, Taniguchi S, Vyas P, de Hoon M, Momozawa Y, Ishikawa F. Combined inhibition of XIAP and BCL2 drives maximal therapeutic efficacy in genetically diverse aggressive acute myeloid leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2:340-356. [DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00177-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
25
|
de Groot AP, Saito Y, Kawakami E, Hashimoto M, Aoki Y, Ono R, Ogahara I, Fujiki S, Kaneko A, Sato K, Kajita H, Watanabe T, Takagi M, Tomizawa D, Koh K, Eguchi M, Ishii E, Ohara O, Shultz LD, Mizutani S, Ishikawa F. Targeting critical kinases and anti-apoptotic molecules overcomes steroid resistance in MLL-rearranged leukaemia. EBioMedicine 2021; 64:103235. [PMID: 33581643 PMCID: PMC7878180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with mixed lineage leukaemia gene rearrangement (MLL-ALL) frequently affects infants and is associated with a poor prognosis. Primary refractory and relapsed disease due to resistance to glucocorticoids (GCs) remains a substantial hurdle to improving clinical outcomes. In this study, we aimed to overcome GC resistance of MLL-ALL. METHODS Using leukaemia patient specimens, we performed bioinformatic analyses to identify target genes/pathways. To test inhibition of target pathways in vivo, we created pre-clinical therapeutic mouse patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-models by transplanting human MLL-ALL leukaemia initiating cells (LIC) into immune-deficient NSG mice. Finally, we conducted B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) homology domain 3 (BH3) profiling to identify BH3 peptides responsible for treatment resistance in MLL-leukaemia. FINDINGS Src family kinases (SFKs) and Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) signaling pathway were over-represented in MLL-ALL cells. PDX-models of infant MLL- ALL recapitulated GC-resistance in vivo but RK-20449, an inhibitor of SFKs and FLT3 eliminated human MLL-ALL cells in vivo, overcoming GC-resistance. Further, we identified BCL-2 dependence as a mechanism of treatment resistance in MLL-ALL through BH3 profiling. Furthermore, MLL-ALL cells resistant to RK-20449 treatment were dependent on the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 protein for their survival. Combined inhibition of SFKs/FLT3 by RK-20449 and of BCL-2 by ABT-199 led to substantial elimination of MLL-ALL cells in vitro and in vivo. Triple treatment combining GCs, RK-20449 and ABT-199 resulted in complete elimination of MLL-ALL cells in vivo. INTERPRETATION SFKs/FLT3 signaling pathways are promising targets for treatment of treatment-resistant MLL-ALL. Combined inhibition of these kinase pathways and anti-apoptotic BCL-2 successfully eliminated highly resistant MLL-ALL and demonstrated a new treatment strategy for treatment-resistant poor-outcome MLL-ALL. FUNDING This study was supported by RIKEN (RIKEN President's Discretionary Grant) for FI, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (the Basic Science and Platform Technology Program for Innovative Biological Medicine for FI and by NIH CA034196 for LDS. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation nor writing of the report.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne P de Groot
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoriko Saito
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Eiryo Kawakami
- Healthcare and Medical Data Driven AI based Predictive Reasoning Development Unit, RIKEN Medical Sciences Innovation Hub Program, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mari Hashimoto
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yuki Aoki
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rintaro Ono
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ikuko Ogahara
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Saera Fujiki
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Akiko Kaneko
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kaori Sato
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kajita
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takagi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tomizawa
- Division of Leukaemia and Lymphoma, Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Koh
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mariko Eguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Eiichi Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Shuki Mizutani
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Ishikawa
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shenoy GN, Greene CJ, Bhatta M, Baroja ML, Loyall JL, Balu‐Iyer SV, Kelleher RJ, Carreno BM, Linette GP, Shultz LD, Bankert RB. Preclinical evaluation of cancer immune therapy using patient-derived tumor antigen-specific T cells in a novel xenograft platform. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1246. [PMID: 33552509 PMCID: PMC7853904 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES With a rapidly growing list of candidate immune-based cancer therapeutics, there is a critical need to generate highly reliable animal models to preclinically evaluate the efficacy of emerging immune-based therapies, facilitating successful clinical translation. Our aim was to design and validate a novel in vivo model (called Xenomimetic or 'X' mouse) that allows monitoring of the ability of human tumor-specific T cells to suppress tumor growth following their entry into the tumor. METHODS Tumor xenografts are established rapidly in the greater omentum of globally immunodeficient NOD-scid IL2Rγnull (NSG) mice following an intraperitoneal injection of melanoma target cells expressing tumor neoantigen peptides, as well as green fluorescent protein and/or luciferase. Changes in tumor burden, as well as in the number and phenotype of adoptively transferred patient-derived tumor neoantigen-specific T cells in response to immunotherapy, are measured by imaging to detect fluorescence/luminescence and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS The tumors progress rapidly and disseminate in the mice unless patient-derived tumor-specific T cells are introduced. An initial T cell-mediated tumor arrest is later followed by a tumor escape, which correlates with the upregulation of the checkpoint molecules programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3) on T cells. Treatment with immune-based therapies that target these checkpoints, such as anti-PD-1 antibody (nivolumab) or interleukin-12 (IL-12), prevented or delayed the tumor escape. Furthermore, IL-12 treatment suppressed PD-1 and LAG3 upregulation on T cells. CONCLUSION Together, these results validate the X-mouse model and establish its potential to preclinically evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of immune-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gautam N Shenoy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNYUSA
| | - Christopher J Greene
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNYUSA,Present address:
Hodgson Russ LLP.BuffaloNYUSA
| | - Maulasri Bhatta
- Immune Modulatory Therapies, LLCEdenNYUSA,Present address:
Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNYUSA
| | - Miren L Baroja
- Center for Cellular ImmunotherapiesPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Jenni L Loyall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNYUSA
| | - Sathy V Balu‐Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNYUSA
| | - Raymond J Kelleher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNYUSA
| | - Beatriz M Carreno
- Center for Cellular ImmunotherapiesPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Gerald P Linette
- Center for Cellular ImmunotherapiesPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | | | - Richard B Bankert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNYUSA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li P, Lu M, Shi J, Hua L, Gong Z, Li Q, Shultz LD, Ren G. Dual roles of neutrophils in metastatic colonization are governed by the host NK cell status. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4387. [PMID: 32873795 PMCID: PMC7463263 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of neutrophils in solid tumor metastasis remains largely controversial. In preclinical models of solid tumors, both pro-metastatic and anti-metastatic effects of neutrophils have been reported. In this study, using mouse models of breast cancer, we demonstrate that the metastasis-modulating effects of neutrophils are dictated by the status of host natural killer (NK) cells. In NK cell-deficient mice, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-expanded neutrophils show an inhibitory effect on the metastatic colonization of breast tumor cells in the lung. In contrast, in NK cell-competent mice, neutrophils facilitate metastatic colonization in the same tumor models. In an ex vivo neutrophil-NK cell-tumor cell tri-cell co-culture system, neutrophils are shown to potentially suppress the tumoricidal activity of NK cells, while neutrophils themselves are tumoricidal. Intriguingly, these two modulatory effects by neutrophils are both mediated by reactive oxygen species. Collectively, the absence or presence of NK cells, governs the net tumor-modulatory effects of neutrophils. The role of neutrophils in the regulation of tumour growth and metastasis remains controversial. Here, the authors demonstrate that neutrophils, by exerting inhibitory effects on cytotoxic NK cells, show a net pro-metastatic effect in immune-competent mice, while they are tumoricidal and anti-metastatic in NK cell-deficient hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peishan Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.,The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Ming Lu
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA.,Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 200040, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayuan Shi
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Li Hua
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Zheng Gong
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Qing Li
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | | | - Guangwen Ren
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yao LC, Cheng M, Cai D, Shultz LD, Keck JG. Abstract 3320: Humanized NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice support preclinical immune-oncology efficacy for testing of NK cells based immunology. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-3320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The JAX® Onco-Hu® platform utilizes humanized mice engrafted with tumors to enable in vivo investigation of the interactions between the human immune system and human cancer. A major avenue of our investigation is to generate humanized mouse models containing a more complete human hematopoietic system and robust innate immune cell population. Nature killer (NK) cells are important players of innate defense against cancerous cells by a number of mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). To overcome limited NK cell development in humanized NSG™ mice, we have developed NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice constitutively expressing human IL15 in a physiological level. Following CD34+ HSC-engraftment of NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice, significantly higher levels of human NK cells are detectable in peripheral blood as compared to NSG mice and the engraftment is stable for over six months. Levels of circulating human CD45+ cells, CD3+ T cells, and CD33+ myeloid cells are similar between the HSC-engrafted NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) and NSG mice. Minimal baseline activation of NK cells is detected in the spleen and peripheral blood. Previously we have described that the human NK cells developing in HSC-engrafted NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice are functional and can lyse the NK-sensitive target cells K562 by in vitro cytotoxicity assay. We also showed that NK cells directly limited growth of a PDX melanoma xenograft and NK cell depletion by antibody blockage largely abrogated the delayed PDX growth. Here we extended these observations by evaluating tumor growth of multiple PDX and CDX models in humanized NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice. We found that not all tumors were able to grow and for those that grew some spontaneous regression might still occur. In ex vivo experiments NK cells in the PBMCs isolated from humanized NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice could be activated by Her2+ human cancer cells in the presence of anti-human H2 antibody (Trastuzumab). Furthermore we showed in vivo that humanized NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice mediated efficient ADCC against Daudi B lymphoma cells using anti-human CD20 antibody (Rituximab). Administration of rituximab resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition as measured by both tumor volume and tumor weight. Together these data demonstrate that HSC-engrafted NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice support enhanced development of functional human NK cells and that this mouse model enables preclinical evaluation of NK cell-targeted cancer immunotherapy in vivo.
Citation Format: Li-Chin Yao, Mingshan Cheng, Danying Cai, Leonard D. Shultz, James G. Keck. Humanized NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice support preclinical immune-oncology efficacy for testing of NK cells based immunology [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3320.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Abstract
Multiple types of humanized mouse models using immunodeficient NOD-scid IL2rgnull (NSG) mice have been developed by The Jackson Laboratory for preclinical studies of new cancer therapies. Humanized NSG mice engrafted with both human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and human cancers have been used for evaluating antibody-based therapeutics targeting T cells. Compared to CD34+ HSC-mediated humanization, NSG mice engrafted with PBMC are ready to use more quickly and are more cost-effective. The major limitation of PBMC engrafted NSG is the development of acute xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) due to human T cell activation through mouse MHC class I and class II molecules. The experimental window for drug efficacy evaluation is limited to three-four weeks post PBMC injection and strong xeno-GVHD may hinder drug-induced T cell activation. A new strain lacking murine MHC molecules, NSG-(KbDb)null (IA)null, was created to address this limitation. Here we engrafted non-irradiated adult NSG and MHC double knockout NSG-(KbDb)null (IA)null mice using the same human PBMC donors to compare their survival and engraftment level. We found that most of the MHC deficient mice can survive over 100 days and can support human T cell engraftment. We also evaluated drug efficacy response using checkpoint inhibitors anti-CTLA-4 (lpilimumab) and anti-PDL-1 (Avelumab) in human tumor xenograft models. Anti-CTLA-4 treatment resulted in reduced growth of mantle cell lymphoma Jeko-1. Anti-PDL-1 treatment reduced growth of a melanoma PDX. In consistent with their anti-tumor response, flow analysis showed increased T cell frequency in blood and tumor in the drug treated group when compared to the vehicle control. Additional cancer treatment evaluated in the PBMC engrafted NSG-(KbDb)null (IA)null mice will also be discussed.
Citation Format: Li-Chin Yao, Mingshan Cheng, Leonard D. Shultz, James G. Keck. PBMC humanized NSG-(KbDb)null (IA)null mouse model to evaluate immune-oncology drug efficacy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5619.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chin Yao
- 1The Jackson Laboratory-West, Sacramento, CA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cai D, Jiao J, Ye C, Yang H, Cheng M, Brehm MA, Greiner DL, Shultz LD, Keck JG. Abstract 5632: PBMC-humanized mouse model for the assessment of cytokine release syndrome caused by checkpoint and bispecific immunotherapy. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-5632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic antibodies and cell therapies have proven to be highly effective cancer therapy for solid tumors, leukemia and lymphomas. The immunotherapy acts in part by stimulating and redirecting the immune system to attack cancer cells, and cytokines can be released during the process. As a consequence cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a common adverse effect caused by immunotherapy which could be very severe in patients.
The animal models and in vitro human PBMC assays presently in use unfortunately can't reliably predict the CRS in patients. To address the gap between pre-clinical testing and clinical trials we have developed a rapid, sensitive and reproducible humanized mouse model for quantitating CRS. Immunodeficient NSG™ mice were irradiated and injected with human PBMCs intravenously. In general PBMC-engrafted mice had 10-20% human immune cells (hCD45+) in blood with ~70% of the hCD45+ cells being CD3+ T cells and ~20% being CD56+ NK cells. PBMC-engrafted mice were used for treatment within 6 days. We demonstrated that a number of human cytokines including IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α were elevated in blood in the humanized mice treated with monoclonal antibodies and bispecifics including anti-CD3, anti-CD28, anti-PD-1 and BiTE molecules. The cytokine release was dependent on the dose and time of treatment, and PBMCs from every human donor tested were capable of responding to produce cytokines. Notably the amount of cytokines produced varied from donor to donor in >40 different PBMCs tested so far and cytokine levels of >10-fold difference were frequently observed, indicating that the animal model could reveal individual differences in human donors. As a result human donors could be divided into three types as high, medium or low responders. PBMC-engrafted mice implanted with tumors could also be used. Tumor-bearing PBMC-humanized model would be required to evaluate molecules such as BiTE since CRS activity was most evident when both targets for BiTE molecules were present during the assay.
PBMC-engrafted NSG™ mice were used for CRS assessment prior to the development of acute graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) in all of the experiments. We were able to reproduce the data using a NSG™ strain [NSG-(Kb Db)null (IAnull)] doubly deficient in murine MHC class I and II molecules, or double knockout (KO) mice. The double KO mice are known to engraft human PBMCs in a manner very similar to NSG™ and have a significantly delayed onset of GVHD [Brehm et al., FASEB J. 33, 3137 (2019)]. Results from the double KO mice further validated cytokine release was not GvHD related and the NSG™ mice is a robust model for CRS assessment of immunotherapy in vivo. We have described a PBMC-humanized model using NSG™ mice that offers rapid assessment of potential risks of therapeutic agents in causing CRS in vivo. The model could differentiate individual human differences based on the cytokine release.
Citation Format: Danying Cai, Jing Jiao, Chunting Ye, Hongyuan Yang, Mingshan Cheng, Michael A. Brehm, Dale L. Greiner, Leonard D. Shultz, James G. Keck. PBMC-humanized mouse model for the assessment of cytokine release syndrome caused by checkpoint and bispecific immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5632.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Jiao
- 1The Jackson Laboratory, Sacramento, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ye C, Yang H, Cheng M, Shultz LD, Greiner DL, Brehm MA, Keck JG. A rapid, sensitive, and reproducible in vivo PBMC humanized murine model for determining therapeutic-related cytokine release syndrome. FASEB J 2020; 34:12963-12975. [PMID: 32772418 PMCID: PMC7436391 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001203r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a powerful treatment strategy being applied to cancer, autoimmune diseases, allergies, and transplantation. Although therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have demonstrated significant clinical efficacy, there is also the potential for severe adverse events, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS). CRS is characterized by the rapid production of inflammatory cytokines following delivery of therapy, with symptoms ranging from mild fever to life‐threating pathology and multi‐organ failure. Overall there is a paucity of models to reliably and accurately predict the induction of CRS by immune therapeutics. Here, we describe the development of a humanized mouse model based on the NOD‐scid IL2rgnull (NSG) mouse to study CRS in vivo. PBMC‐engrafted NSG, NSG‐MHC‐DKO, and NSG‐SGM3 mice were used to study cytokine release in response to treatment with mAb immunotherapies. Our data show that therapeutic‐stimulated cytokine release in these PBMC‐based NSG models captures the variation in cytokine release between individual donors, is drug dependent, occurs in the absence of acute xeno‐GVHD, highlighting the specificity of the assay, and shows a robust response following treatment with a TGN1412 analog, a CD28 superagonist. Overall our results demonstrate that PBMC‐engrafted NSG models are rapid, sensitive, and reproducible platforms to screen novel therapeutics for CRS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dale L Greiner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dai C, Walker JT, Shostak A, Bouchi Y, Poffenberger G, Hart NJ, Jacobson DA, Calcutt MW, Bottino R, Greiner DL, Shultz LD, McGuinness OP, Dean ED, Powers AC. Dapagliflozin Does Not Directly Affect Human α or β Cells. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqaa080. [PMID: 32428240 PMCID: PMC7375801 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Selective inhibitors of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) are widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and act primarily to lower blood glucose by preventing glucose reabsorption in the kidney. However, it is controversial whether these agents also act on the pancreatic islet, specifically the α cell, to increase glucagon secretion. To determine the effects of SGLT2 on human islets, we analyzed SGLT2 expression and hormone secretion by human islets treated with the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin (DAPA) in vitro and in vivo. Compared to the human kidney, SLC5A2 transcript expression was 1600-fold lower in human islets and SGLT2 protein was not detected. In vitro, DAPA treatment had no effect on glucagon or insulin secretion by human islets at either high or low glucose concentrations. In mice bearing transplanted human islets, 1 and 4 weeks of DAPA treatment did not alter fasting blood glucose, human insulin, and total glucagon levels. Upon glucose stimulation, DAPA treatment led to lower blood glucose levels and proportionally lower human insulin levels, irrespective of treatment duration. In contrast, after glucose stimulation, total glucagon was increased after 1 week of DAPA treatment but normalized after 4 weeks of treatment. Furthermore, the human islet grafts showed no effects of DAPA treatment on hormone content, endocrine cell proliferation or apoptosis, or amyloid deposition. These data indicate that DAPA does not directly affect the human pancreatic islet, but rather suggest an indirect effect where lower blood glucose leads to reduced insulin secretion and a transient increase in glucagon secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Dai
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John T Walker
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alena Shostak
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yasir Bouchi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Greg Poffenberger
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nathaniel J Hart
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David A Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rita Bottino
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | | | - Owen P McGuinness
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - E Danielle Dean
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hosur V, Low BE, Li D, Stafford GA, Kohar V, Shultz LD, Wiles MV. Genes adapt to outsmart gene-targeting strategies in mutant mouse strains by skipping exons to reinitiate transcription and translation. Genome Biol 2020; 21:168. [PMID: 32646486 PMCID: PMC7350591 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene disruption in mouse embryonic stem cells or zygotes is a conventional genetics approach to identify gene function in vivo. However, because different gene disruption strategies use different mechanisms to disrupt genes, the strategies can result in diverse phenotypes in the resulting mouse model. To determine whether different gene disruption strategies affect the phenotype of resulting mutant mice, we characterized Rhbdf1 mouse mutant strains generated by three commonly used strategies-definitive-null, targeted knockout (KO)-first, and CRISPR/Cas9. RESULTS We find that Rhbdf1 responds differently to distinct KO strategies, for example, by skipping exons and reinitiating translation to potentially yield gain-of-function alleles rather than the expected null or severe hypomorphic alleles. Our analysis also revealed that at least 4% of mice generated using the KO-first strategy show conflicting phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Exon skipping is a widespread phenomenon occurring across the genome. These findings have significant implications for the application of genome editing in both basic research and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Hosur
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME USA
| | - Benjamin E. Low
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME USA
| | - Daniel Li
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery at Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | | | - Vivek Kohar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME USA
| | | | - Michael V. Wiles
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Saito Y, Shultz LD, Ishikawa F. Understanding Normal and Malignant Human Hematopoiesis Using Next-Generation Humanized Mice. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:706-720. [PMID: 32631635 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rodent models for human diseases contribute significantly to understanding human physiology and pathophysiology. However, given the accelerating pace of drug development, there is a crucial need for in vivo preclinical models of human biology and pathology. The humanized mouse is one tool to bridge the gap between traditional animal models and the clinic. The development of immunodeficient mouse strains with high-level engraftment of normal and diseased human immune/hematopoietic cells has made in vivo functional characterization possible. As a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model, humanized mice functionally correlate putative mechanisms with in vivo behavior and help to reveal pathogenic mechanisms. Combined with single-cell genomics, humanized mice can facilitate functional precision medicine such as risk stratification and individually optimized therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Saito
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Fumihiko Ishikawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hosur V, Skelly DA, Francis C, Low BE, Kohar V, Burzenski LM, Amiji MM, Shultz LD, Wiles MV. Improved mouse models and advanced genetic and genomic technologies for the study of neutrophils. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1013-1025. [PMID: 32387410 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mice have been excellent surrogates for studying neutrophil biology and, furthermore, murine models of human disease have provided fundamental insights into the roles of human neutrophils in innate immunity. The emergence of novel humanized mice and high-diversity mouse populations offers the research community innovative and powerful platforms for better understanding, respectively, the mechanisms by which human neutrophils drive pathogenicity, and how genetic differences underpin the variation in neutrophil biology observed among humans. Here, we review key examples of these new resources. Additionally, we provide an overview of advanced genetic engineering tools available to further improve such murine model systems, of sophisticated neutrophil-profiling technologies, and of multifunctional nanoparticle (NP)-based neutrophil-targeting strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Hosur
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA.
| | - Daniel A Skelly
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
| | - Christopher Francis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Benjamin E Low
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
| | - Vivek Kohar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
| | - Lisa M Burzenski
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
| | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Leonard D Shultz
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
| | - Michael V Wiles
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Amdare NP, Shultz LD, Greiner DL, DiLorenzo TP. Characterization and use of human insulin transgenic mouse models for type 1 diabetes. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.142.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by T cell-mediated islet-specific autoimmunity leading to β cell destruction and loss of insulin production. Insulin is the primary antigen produced by β cells and due to incomplete conservation between the mouse and human insulin genes, some of the important disease-relevant T cell epitopes can be missed in the widely studied non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. Thus, considering the limitations of NOD mice, we generated a novel NOD mouse model transgenically expressing human insulin (NOD.hIns mice) under the control of the human promoter. Female NOD.hIns mice spontaneously developed autoimmune diabetes as early as 15 weeks (incidence 62% by 30 weeks of age, n=21) vs NOD mice (41%, n=24), accompanied by numerous hallmarks of human T1D (including thymic human insulin expression and variable degrees of pancreatic islet infiltration by immune cells). Next, we cultured islet-infiltrating CD8 T cells from NOD.hIns mice and tested them for recognition of peptides unique to human preproinsulin. These efforts uncovered at least three T cell epitopes, validating that human insulin is a target of the autoimmune response in NOD.hIns mice. This concept was confirmed using T cells derived from NOD.hIns mice deficient in both murine insulin genes (NOD.Ins1ko.Ins2ko.hIns mice). NOD.hIns mice expressing human class I MHC molecules associated with T1D (HLA-A*24:02 and B*39:06) are currently being studied. Such well-characterized, and highly human-relevant, T1D models can be used to develop robust immune monitoring tools and to test and refine antigen-specific therapeutic strategies for T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Teresa P DiLorenzo
- 4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Vaidya S, St. Louis P, Burzenski L, Greiner DL, Brehm MA, Shultz LD. Enhanced development of functional human innate immune cells in a novel mouse FLT3null NSG mouse strain expressing human FLT3L. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.223.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Humanized mice are being applied widely to study human immune system homeostasis, function, and as a testing platform for therapeutics. A significant limitation for many humanized mouse models is the lack of mature human innate immune cells with full functionality. Previous studies have demonstrated that delivery of human FLT3L into immunodeficient mice that lack mouse FLT3, promotes the development of human innate immune subsets following engraftment with human HSC. Here we describe a NOD-scid IL2rgnull (NSG) mouse that lacks the expression of mouse FLT3 and expresses human FLT3L transgenically (NSG-mFLT3null Tg(HuFLT3L) or NSG-FLT3L. In these studies, NSG-FLT3L and NSG mice were engrafted with human UCB CD34+ HSC and compared for human immune system development and function. HSC-engrafted NSG-FLT3L and NSG mice show similar levels of total human CD45+ cells in blood over the course of 18 weeks post-engraftment. However, HSC-engrafted NSG-FLT3L mice show significantly increased levels of human immune cells reconstituting the gut mucosa. HSC-engrafted NSG-FLT3L mice show significantly higher levels of human CD141+ and CD1c+ DC subsets, CD123+ pDC, CD14+ monocytes, CD56+ NK cells and CD3+ T cells in the blood as compared to NSG mice. CD56+ NK cells and CD3+ T cells from HSC-engrafted NSG-FLT3L mice express granzyme A and granzyme B, indicating cytotoxic activity. Following treatment of HSC-engrafted NSG-FLT3L mice with LPS, significant levels of human cytokines were detected in serum samples, confirming innate immune system function. Overall these results demonstrate that the NSG-FLT3L model supports enhanced development of functional, human innate immune cells and is a novel tool to study human immunobiology.
Collapse
|
38
|
Yao LC, Cheng M, Shultz LD, Greiner DL, Brehm MA, Keck JG. Abstract B72: Humanized NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice support preclinical immune-oncology efficacy for testing of NK cell-based immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm19-b72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The JAX® Onco-Hu® platform utilizes humanized mice engrafted with tumors to enable in vivo investigation of the interactions between the human immune system and human cancer. We have shown that humanized NOD-scid IL2Rγ null (NSG) mice bearing patient-derived xenografts (PDX) allow efficacy studies of checkpoint inhibitors. A major avenue of our investigation is to generate humanized mouse models containing a more complete human hematopoietic system and robust innate immune cell population. Nature killer (NK) cells are important players of innate defense against cancerous cells by a number of mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). To overcome limited NK cell development in humanized NSG mice, we have developed NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) (JAX stock number 030890) mice constitutively expressing human IL15. Following HSC-engraftment of NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice, significantly higher levels of human CD16+CD56+ NK cells are detectable as compared to NSG mice in peripheral blood during the whole course of the study (18 weeks). Levels of circulating human CD45+ cells, CD3+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, and CD33+ myeloid cells are similar between the HSC-engrafted NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) and NSG mice. Previously we have described that the human NK cells developing in HSC-engrafted NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice are functional and can lyse the NK-sensitive target cells K562 by in vitro cytotoxicity assay. We also showed that NK cells limit the growth of a PDX melanoma xenograft. Here we show that humanized NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice mediate efficient ADCC against Daudi B lymphoma cells in vivo. Administration of anti-human CD20 antibody (rituximab) resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition, in both tumor volume and tumor weight. We observed consistent ADCC efficacy in humanized NSG-Tg (Hu-IL15) mice engrafted with three different HSC donors. Together these data demonstrate that HSC-engrafted NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice support enhanced development of functional human NK cells and that this mouse model enables NK cell-targeted cancer immunotherapy for preclinical testing.
Citation Format: Li-Chin Yao, Mingshan Cheng, Leonard D. Shultz, Dale L. Greiner, Michael A. Brehm, James G. Keck. Humanized NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice support preclinical immune-oncology efficacy for testing of NK cell-based immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2019 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B72.
Collapse
|
39
|
Johanna I, Hernández-López P, Heijhuurs S, Bongiovanni L, de Bruin A, Beringer D, van Dooremalen S, Shultz LD, Ishikawa F, Sebestyen Z, Straetemans T, Kuball J. TEG011 persistence averts extramedullary tumor growth without exerting off-target toxicity against healthy tissues in a humanized HLA-A*24:02 transgenic mice. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:1069-1079. [PMID: 32022317 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ma0120-228r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
γδT cells play an important role in cancer immunosurveillance and are able to distinguish malignant cells from their healthy counterparts via their γδTCR. This characteristic makes γδT cells an attractive candidate for therapeutic application in cancer immunotherapy. Previously, we have identified a novel CD8α-dependent tumor-specific allo-HLA-A*24:02-restricted Vγ5Vδ1TCR with potential therapeutic value when used to engineer αβT cells from HLA-A*24:02 harboring individuals. αβT cells engineered to express this defined Vγ5Vδ1TCR (TEG011) have been suggested to recognize spatial changes in HLA-A*24:02 present selectively on tumor cells but not their healthy counterparts. However, in vivo efficacy and toxicity studies of TEG011 are still limited. Therefore, we extend the efficacy and toxicity studies as well as the dynamics of TEG011 in vivo in a humanized HLA-A*24:02 transgenic NSG (NSG-A24:02) mouse model to allow the preparation of a first-in-men clinical safety package for adoptive transfer of TEG011. Mice treated with TEG011 did not exhibit any graft-versus-host disease-like symptoms and extensive analysis of pathologic changes in NSG-A24:02 mice did not show any off-target toxicity of TEG011. However, loss of persistence of TEG011 in tumor-bearing mice was associated with the outgrowth of extramedullary tumor masses as also observed for mock-treated mice. In conclusion, TEG011 is well tolerated without harming HLA-A*24:02+ expressing healthy tissues, and TEG011 persistence seems to be crucial for long-term tumor control in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inez Johanna
- Department of Hematology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Hernández-López
- Department of Hematology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Heijhuurs
- Department of Hematology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Bongiovanni
- Department of Pathobiology, Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Pathobiology, Dutch Molecular Pathology Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Beringer
- Department of Hematology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne van Dooremalen
- Department of Hematology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leonard D Shultz
- Department of Immunology, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Fumihiko Ishikawa
- Laboratory for Human Disease Models, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Zsolt Sebestyen
- Department of Hematology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Straetemans
- Department of Hematology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Department of Hematology and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dai C, Walker JT, Shostak A, Padgett A, Spears E, Wisniewski S, Poffenberger G, Aramandla R, Dean ED, Prasad N, Levy SE, Greiner DL, Shultz LD, Bottino R, Powers AC. Tacrolimus- and sirolimus-induced human β cell dysfunction is reversible and preventable. JCI Insight 2020; 5:130770. [PMID: 31941840 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a common and significant complication related to immunosuppressive agents required to prevent organ or cell transplant rejection. To elucidate the effects of 2 commonly used agents, the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus (TAC) and the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus (SIR), on islet function and test whether these effects could be reversed or prevented, we investigated human islets transplanted into immunodeficient mice treated with TAC or SIR at clinically relevant levels. Both TAC and SIR impaired insulin secretion in fasted and/or stimulated conditions. Treatment with TAC or SIR increased amyloid deposition and islet macrophages, disrupted insulin granule formation, and induced broad transcriptional dysregulation related to peptide processing, ion/calcium flux, and the extracellular matrix; however, it did not affect regulation of β cell mass. Interestingly, these β cell abnormalities reversed after withdrawal of drug treatment. Furthermore, cotreatment with a GLP-1 receptor agonist completely prevented TAC-induced β cell dysfunction and partially prevented SIR-induced β cell dysfunction. These results highlight the importance of both calcineurin and mTOR signaling in normal human β cell function in vivo and suggest that modulation of these pathways may prevent or ameliorate PTDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Dai
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and
| | - John T Walker
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alena Shostak
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Ana Padgett
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Erick Spears
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Scott Wisniewski
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Greg Poffenberger
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Radhika Aramandla
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and
| | - E Danielle Dean
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Nripesh Prasad
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Shawn E Levy
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Rita Bottino
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Redick SD, Leehy L, Rittenhouse AR, Blodgett DM, Derr AG, Kucukural A, Garber MG, Shultz LD, Greiner DL, Wang JP, Harlan DM, Bortell R, Jurczyk A. Recovery of viable endocrine-specific cells and transcriptomes from human pancreatic islet-engrafted mice. FASEB J 2019; 34:1901-1911. [PMID: 31914605 PMCID: PMC6972551 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901022rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human pancreatic islets engrafted into immunodeficient mice serve as an important model for in vivo human diabetes studies. Following engraftment, islet function can be monitored in vivo by measuring circulating glucose and human insulin; however, it will be important to recover viable cells for more complex graft analyses. Moreover, RNA analyses of dissected grafts have not distinguished which hormone-specific cell types contribute to gene expression. We developed a method for recovering live cells suitable for fluorescence-activated cell sorting from human islets engrafted in mice. Although yields of recovered islet cells were relatively low, the ratios of bulk-sorted β, α, and δ cells and their respective hormone-specific RNA-Seq transcriptomes are comparable pretransplant and posttransplant, suggesting that the cellular characteristics of islet grafts posttransplant closely mirror the original donor islets. Single-cell RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis confirms the presence of appropriate β, α, and δ cell subsets. In addition, ex vivo perifusion of recovered human islet grafts demonstrated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Viable cells suitable for patch-clamp analysis were recovered from transplanted human embryonic stem cell-derived β cells. Together, our functional and hormone-specific transcriptome analyses document the broad applicability of this system for longitudinal examination of human islet cells undergoing developmental/metabolic/pharmacogenetic manipulation in vivo and may facilitate the discovery of treatments for diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sambra D Redick
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Linda Leehy
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ann R Rittenhouse
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - David M Blodgett
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Math and Science Division, Babson College, Wellesley, MA, USA
| | - Alan G Derr
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Alper Kucukural
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Manuel G Garber
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Dale L Greiner
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer P Wang
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - David M Harlan
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Rita Bortell
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Agata Jurczyk
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Karlinsey JE, Stepien TA, Mayho M, Singletary LA, Bingham-Ramos LK, Brehm MA, Greiner DL, Shultz LD, Gallagher LA, Bawn M, Kingsley RA, Libby SJ, Fang FC. Genome-wide Analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in Humanized Mice Reveals Key Virulence Features. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 26:426-434.e6. [PMID: 31447308 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi causes typhoid fever only in humans. Murine infection with S. Typhimurium is used as a typhoid model, but its relevance to human typhoid is limited. Non-obese diabetic-scid IL2rγnull mice engrafted with human hematopoietic stem cells (hu-SRC-SCID) are susceptible to lethal S. Typhi infection. In this study, we use a high-density S. Typhi transposon library in hu-SRC-SCID mice to identify virulence loci using transposon-directed insertion site sequencing (TraDIS). Vi capsule, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and aromatic amino acid biosynthesis were essential for virulence, along with the siderophore salmochelin. However, in contrast to the murine S. Typhimurium model, neither the PhoPQ two-component system nor the SPI-2 pathogenicity island was required for lethal S. Typhi infection, nor was the CdtB typhoid toxin. These observations highlight major differences in the pathogenesis of typhoid and non-typhoidal Salmonella infections and demonstrate the utility of humanized mice for understanding the pathogenesis of a human-specific pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce E Karlinsey
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Taylor A Stepien
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael A Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine and the Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Program in Molecular Medicine and the Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | - Larry A Gallagher
- Department of Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Matt Bawn
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK; Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK
| | - Robert A Kingsley
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK; School of Biological Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Stephen J Libby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ferric C Fang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Youngblood BA, Brock EC, Leung J, Falahati R, Bryce PJ, Bright J, Williams J, Shultz LD, Greiner DL, Brehm MA, Bebbington C, Tomasevic N. AK002, a Humanized Sialic Acid-Binding Immunoglobulin-Like Lectin-8 Antibody that Induces Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity against Human Eosinophils and Inhibits Mast Cell-Mediated Anaphylaxis in Mice. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 180:91-102. [PMID: 31401630 DOI: 10.1159/000501637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pathologic accumulation and activation of mast cells and eosinophils are implicated in allergic and inflammatory diseases. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-8 is an inhibitory receptor selectively expressed on mast cells, eosinophils and, at a lower extent, basophils. When engaged with an antibody, Siglec-8 can induce apoptosis of activated eosinophils and inhibit mast cell activation. AK002 is a humanized, non-fucosylated IgG1 anti-Siglec-8 antibody undergoing clinical investigation for treatment of allergic, inflammatory, and proliferative diseases. Here we examine the human tissue selectivity of AK002 and evaluate the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo activity of AK002 on eosinophils and mast cells. METHODS The affinity of AK002 for Siglec-8 and CD16 was determined by biolayer interferometry. Ex vivo activity of AK002 on human eosinophils from blood and dissociated human tissue was tested in apoptosis and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays. The in vivo activity of a murine precursor of AK002 (mAK002) was tested in a passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA) humanized mouse model. RESULTS AK002 bound selectively to mast cells, eosinophils and, at a lower level, to basophils in human blood and tissue and not to other cell types examined. AK002 induced apoptosis of interleukin-5-activated blood eosinophils and demonstrated potent ADCC activity against blood eosinophils in the presence of natural killer cells. AK002 also significantly reduced eosinophils in dissociated human lung tissue. Furthermore, mAK002 prevented PSA in humanized mice through mast cell inhibition. CONCLUSION AK002 selectively evokes potent apoptotic and ADCC activity against eosinophils and prevents systemic anaphylaxis through mast cell inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Leung
- Allakos, Inc., Redwood City, California, USA
| | | | - Paul J Bryce
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Dale L Greiner
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael A Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Allen TM, Brehm MA, Bridges S, Ferguson S, Kumar P, Mirochnitchenko O, Palucka K, Pelanda R, Sanders-Beer B, Shultz LD, Su L, PrabhuDas M. Humanized immune system mouse models: progress, challenges and opportunities. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:770-774. [PMID: 31160798 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0416-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Todd M Allen
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Brehm
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sandra Bridges
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Stacy Ferguson
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Oleg Mirochnitchenko
- Office of Research Infrastructure Programs, Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Roberta Pelanda
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brigitte Sanders-Beer
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Lishan Su
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mercy PrabhuDas
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bedognetti D, Ceccarelli M, Galluzzi L, Lu R, Palucka K, Samayoa J, Spranger S, Warren S, Wong KK, Ziv E, Chowell D, Coussens LM, De Carvalho DD, DeNardo DG, Galon J, Kaufman HL, Kirchhoff T, Lotze MT, Luke JJ, Minn AJ, Politi K, Shultz LD, Simon R, Thórsson V, Weidhaas JB, Ascierto ML, Ascierto PA, Barnes JM, Barsan V, Bommareddy PK, Bot A, Church SE, Ciliberto G, De Maria A, Draganov D, Ho WS, McGee HM, Monette A, Murphy JF, Nisticò P, Park W, Patel M, Quigley M, Radvanyi L, Raftopoulos H, Rudqvist NP, Snyder A, Sweis RF, Valpione S, Zappasodi R, Butterfield LH, Disis ML, Fox BA, Cesano A, Marincola FM. Correction to: Toward a comprehensive view of cancer immune responsiveness: a synopsis from the SITC workshop. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:167. [PMID: 31272507 PMCID: PMC6610889 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France
| | | | - Karolina Palucka
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Stefani Spranger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MT, USA
| | | | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elad Ziv
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diego Chowell
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Daniel D De Carvalho
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David G DeNardo
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Howard L Kaufman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA and Replimune, Inc, Woburn, MA, USA
| | - Tomas Kirchhoff
- Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Andy J Minn
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adrian Bot
- Kite, a Gilead Company, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Andrea De Maria
- Università degli Studi di Genova and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Winson S Ho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Heather M McGee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne Monette
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Paola Nisticò
- IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Wungki Park
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Laszlo Radvanyi
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Nils-Petter Rudqvist
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Sara Valpione
- CRUK Manchester Institute and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Roberta Zappasodi
- Ludwig Collaborative and Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Bernard A Fox
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Aryee KE, Burzenski L, Greiner DL, Whalen GF, Yao LC, Shultz LD, Keck JG, Brehm MA. Abstract 1070: Evaluation of human NK cell responses to PDX tumors in humanized NOD- scid IL2rg
null (NSG) mice expressing human IL15. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Human innate immunity plays a critical role in tumor surveillance and in immunoregulation within the tumor microenvironment. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that have opposing roles in the tumor microenvironment, including NK cell subsets that mediate tumor cell cytotoxicity and subsets with regulatory function that contribute to the tumor immune suppressive environment. The balance between effector and regulatory NK cell subsets has been studied extensively in murine models of cancer, but there is a paucity of models to study human NK cell function in tumorigenesis. Humanized mice are a powerful alternative to syngeneic mouse tumor models for the study of human immuno-oncology and have proven effective tools to test immunotherapies targeting T cells. However human NK cell development and survival in humanized mice are severely limited. To enhance NK cell development, we have developed NSG mice that constitutively expresses human IL15 using a BAC containing the human IL15 gene: NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) (NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl Tg(IL15)1Sz/SzJ; JAX stock number 030890). NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice express a physiological level of human IL15 (7.1 ± 0.3 pg/ml) and support engraftment of human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Following HSC-engraftment of NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice, significantly higher levels of human CD56+ NK cells are detectable as compared to NSG mice in peripheral blood and within the spleen and bone marrow. Levels of circulating human CD3+ T cells, CD20+ B cells and CD33+ myeloid cells are similar between the HSC-engrafted NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) and NSG mice. We have described that the human NK cells developing in HSC-engrafted NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice are functional, mediating direct cytotoxicity and ADCC. We have now extended these observation by evaluating the ability of human NK cells to control growth of a PDX melanoma in humanized NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice. Our observations indicate that the growth kinetics of the PDX melanoma are significantly delayed in HSC-engrafted NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice as compared to HSC-engrafted NSG mice. Importantly PDX melanoma growth is not significantly different in NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) and NSG that are not engrafted with human immune systems. To determine the immune cell subsets contributing to the delayed PDX growth in HSC-engrafted NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice we performed experiments where either human CD8 T cells or human NK cells were depleted. Depletion of human CD8 T cells did not alter the PDX growth kinetics in HSC-engrafted NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15). In contrast, NK cell depletion abrogated the delayed growth of the PDX melanoma, suggesting that human NK cells are directly suppressing tumor growth in HSC-engrafted NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice. Together these data demonstrate that HSC-engrafted NSG-Tg(Hu-IL15) mice support enhanced development of functional human NK cells and that these NK cells limit the growth of PDX tumors.
Citation Format: Ken-Edwin Aryee, Lisa Burzenski, Dale L. Greiner, Giles F. Whalen, Li-Chin Yao, Leonard D. Shultz, James G. Keck, Michael A. Brehm. Evaluation of human NK cell responses to PDX tumors in humanized NOD-scid IL2rgnull (NSG) mice expressing human IL15 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1070.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Edwin Aryee
- 1The University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | | | - Dale L. Greiner
- 1The University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Giles F. Whalen
- 1The University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Brissova M, Haliyur R, Saunders D, Shrestha S, Dai C, Blodgett DM, Bottino R, Campbell-Thompson M, Aramandla R, Poffenberger G, Lindner J, Pan FC, von Herrath MG, Greiner DL, Shultz LD, Sanyoura M, Philipson LH, Atkinson M, Harlan DM, Levy SE, Prasad N, Stein R, Powers AC. α Cell Function and Gene Expression Are Compromised in Type 1 Diabetes. Cell Rep 2019. [PMID: 29514095 PMCID: PMC6368357 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have residual β cells producing small amounts of C-peptide long after disease onset but develop an inadequate glucagon response to hypoglycemia following T1D diagnosis. The features of these residual β cells and α cells in the islet endocrine compartment are largely unknown, due to the difficulty of comprehensive investigation. By studying the T1D pancreas and isolated islets, we show that remnant β cells appeared to maintain several aspects of regulated insulin secretion. However, the function of T1D α cells was markedly reduced, and these cells had alterations in transcription factors constituting α and β cell identity. In the native pancreas and after placing the T1D islets into a non-autoimmune, normoglycemic in vivo environment, there was no evidence of α-to-β cell conversion. These results suggest an explanation for the disordered T1D counterregulatory glucagon response to hypoglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Brissova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Rachana Haliyur
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Diane Saunders
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Chunhua Dai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David M Blodgett
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Division, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Math and Science Division, Babson College, Wellesley, MA 02457, USA
| | - Rita Bottino
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martha Campbell-Thompson
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Radhika Aramandla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gregory Poffenberger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jill Lindner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fong Cheng Pan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthias G von Herrath
- Type 1 Diabetes Center, the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Division, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - May Sanyoura
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Louis H Philipson
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David M Harlan
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Division, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Shawn E Levy
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Nripesh Prasad
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Roland Stein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Shultz LD, Keck J, Burzenski L, Jangalwe S, Vaidya S, Greiner DL, Brehm MA. Humanized mouse models of immunological diseases and precision medicine. Mamm Genome 2019; 30:123-142. [PMID: 30847553 PMCID: PMC6610695 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-019-09796-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With the increase in knowledge resulting from the sequencing of the human genome, the genetic basis for the underlying differences in individuals, their diseases, and how they respond to therapies is starting to be understood. This has formed the foundation for the era of precision medicine in many human diseases that is beginning to be implemented in the clinic, particularly in cancer. However, preclinical testing of therapeutic approaches based on individual biology will need to be validated in animal models prior to translation into patients. Although animal models, particularly murine models, have provided significant information on the basic biology underlying immune responses in various diseases and the response to therapy, murine and human immune systems differ markedly. These fundamental differences may be the underlying reason why many of the positive therapeutic responses observed in mice have not translated directly into the clinic. There is a critical need for preclinical animal models in which human immune responses can be investigated. For this, many investigators are using humanized mice, i.e., immunodeficient mice engrafted with functional human cells, tissues, and immune systems. We will briefly review the history of humanized mice, the remaining limitations, approaches to overcome them and how humanized mouse models are being used as a preclinical bridge in precision medicine for evaluation of human therapies prior to their implementation in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard D Shultz
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA.
| | - James Keck
- The Jackson Laboratory, 1650 Santa Ana Avenue, Sacramento, CA, 95838, USA
| | - Lisa Burzenski
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Sonal Jangalwe
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, The University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Shantashri Vaidya
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, The University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, The University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Michael A Brehm
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, The University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bedognetti D, Ceccarelli M, Galluzzi L, Lu R, Palucka K, Samayoa J, Spranger S, Warren S, Wong KK, Ziv E, Chowell D, Coussens LM, De Carvalho DD, DeNardo DG, Galon J, Kaufman HL, Kirchhoff T, Lotze MT, Luke JJ, Minn AJ, Politi K, Shultz LD, Simon R, Thórsson V, Weidhaas JB, Ascierto ML, Ascierto PA, Barnes JM, Barsan V, Bommareddy PK, Bot A, Church SE, Ciliberto G, De Maria A, Draganov D, Ho WS, McGee HM, Monette A, Murphy JF, Nisticò P, Park W, Patel M, Quigley M, Radvanyi L, Raftopoulos H, Rudqvist NP, Snyder A, Sweis RF, Valpione S, Zappasodi R, Butterfield LH, Disis ML, Fox BA, Cesano A, Marincola FM. Toward a comprehensive view of cancer immune responsiveness: a synopsis from the SITC workshop. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:131. [PMID: 31113486 PMCID: PMC6529999 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunology has changed the landscape of cancer treatment. Yet, not all patients benefit as cancer immune responsiveness (CIR) remains a limitation in a considerable proportion of cases. The multifactorial determinants of CIR include the genetic makeup of the patient, the genomic instability central to cancer development, the evolutionary emergence of cancer phenotypes under the influence of immune editing, and external modifiers such as demographics, environment, treatment potency, co-morbidities and cancer-independent alterations including immune homeostasis and polymorphisms in the major and minor histocompatibility molecules, cytokines, and chemokines. Based on the premise that cancer is fundamentally a disorder of the genes arising within a cell biologic process, whose deviations from normality determine the rules of engagement with the host's response, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) convened a task force of experts from various disciplines including, immunology, oncology, biophysics, structural biology, molecular and cellular biology, genetics, and bioinformatics to address the complexity of CIR from a holistic view. The task force was launched by a workshop held in San Francisco on May 14-15, 2018 aimed at two preeminent goals: 1) to identify the fundamental questions related to CIR and 2) to create an interactive community of experts that could guide scientific and research priorities by forming a logical progression supported by multiple perspectives to uncover mechanisms of CIR. This workshop was a first step toward a second meeting where the focus would be to address the actionability of some of the questions identified by working groups. In this event, five working groups aimed at defining a path to test hypotheses according to their relevance to human cancer and identifying experimental models closest to human biology, which include: 1) Germline-Genetic, 2) Somatic-Genetic and 3) Genomic-Transcriptional contributions to CIR, 4) Determinant(s) of Immunogenic Cell Death that modulate CIR, and 5) Experimental Models that best represent CIR and its conversion to an immune responsive state. This manuscript summarizes the contributions from each group and should be considered as a first milestone in the path toward a more contemporary understanding of CIR. We appreciate that this effort is far from comprehensive and that other relevant aspects related to CIR such as the microbiome, the individual's recombined T cell and B cell receptors, and the metabolic status of cancer and immune cells were not fully included. These and other important factors will be included in future activities of the taskforce. The taskforce will focus on prioritization and specific actionable approach to answer the identified questions and implementing the collaborations in the follow-up workshop, which will be held in Houston on September 4-5, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France
| | | | - Karolina Palucka
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Stefani Spranger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MT, USA
| | | | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elad Ziv
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diego Chowell
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Daniel D De Carvalho
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David G DeNardo
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Howard L Kaufman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA and Replimune, Inc., Woburn, MA, USA
| | - Tomas Kirchhoff
- Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Andy J Minn
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adrian Bot
- Kite, a Gilead Company, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Andrea De Maria
- Università degli Studi di Genova and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Winson S Ho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Heather M McGee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne Monette
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Paola Nisticò
- IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | - Wungki Park
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Laszlo Radvanyi
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Nils-Petter Rudqvist
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Sara Valpione
- CRUK Manchester Institute and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Roberta Zappasodi
- Ludwig Collaborative and Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Bernard A Fox
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Greiner DL, Doloff JC, Sadraei A, Farah S, Brehm MA, Shultz LD, Langer R, Anderson DG. Development of a humanized mouse model for functional testing of biomaterial fibrosis. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.126.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Implanted biomedical devices reside within tens of millions of patients in the United States alone, and are involved in millions of new surgeries every year. They comprise a major component of modern medicine and are essential for many clinical applications ranging from hip/knee replacement, tissue repair/reconstruction, controlled release, sensing, and cell transplantation. Limiting therapeutic performance and lifespan, immune-mediated foreign body rejection results in sequestration behind dense layers of fibrotic scar tissue. Deeper understanding of wildtype rodent and non-human primate foreign body responses was leveraged to generate a variant of humanized mice that is capable of recapitulating fibrosis following implantation. Cellular and cytokine responses were also determined with multiple biomaterials—hydrogel alginate and polymers polystyrene and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), as well as across multiple implant sites. Innate immune macrophages were verified as essential in the development of fibrosis in this model, and that they were capable of crosstalk with mouse fibroblasts for collagen matrix deposition. Cytokine and cytokine-receptor array analysis confirmed core signaling in the fibrotic cascade. Lastly, high-resolution microscopy coupled with multiplexed antibody-capture analyses revealed spatial resolution of rejection responses. This model allows us to investigate dynamic human immune cell interactions with implantables, and offers a surrogate pre-clinical diagnostic for screening biomaterial immunogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Atieh Sadraei
- 2Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology
| | - Shady Farah
- 2Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology
| | | | | | - Robert Langer
- 2Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology
| | | |
Collapse
|