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Boeglin WE, Stec DF, Noguchi S, Calcutt MW, Brash AR. The Michael addition of thiols to 13-oxo-octadecadienoate (13-oxo-ODE) with implications for LC-MS analysis of glutathione conjugation. J Biol Chem 2024:107293. [PMID: 38636660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Unsaturated fatty acid ketones with αβ,γδ conjugation are susceptible to Michael addition of thiols, with unresolved issues on the site of adduction and precise structures of the conjugates. Herein we reacted 13-keto-octadecadienoic acid (13-oxo-ODE or 13-KODE) with glutathione (GSH), N-acetyl-cysteine, and β-mercaptoethanol and identified the adducts. HPLC-UV analyses indicated none of the products exhibit a conjugated enone UV chromophore, a result that conflicts with the literature and relevant to mass spectral interpretation of 1,4 versus 1,6 thiol adduction. Aided by development of an HPLC solvent system that separates the GSH diastereomers and thus avoids overlap of signals in proton NMR experiments, we established the two major conjugates are formed by 1,6 addition of GSH at the 9-carbon of 13-oxo-ODE with the remaining double bond α to the thiol in the 10,11 position. N-acetyl cysteine reacts similarly, while β-mercaptoethanol gives equal amounts of 1,4 and 1,6 addition products. Equine glutathione transferase catalyzed 1,6 addition of GSH to the two major diastereomers in 44:56 proportions. LC-MS in positive ion mode gives a product ion interpreted before as evidence of 1,4-thiol adduction, whereas here we find this ion using the authentic 1,6 adduct. LC-MS with negative ion APCI gave a fragment selective for 1,4 adduction. These results clarify the structures of thiol conjugates of a prototypical unsaturated keto fatty acid and have relevance to the application of LC-MS for the structural analysis of keto-fatty acid glutathione conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Boeglin
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Donald F Stec
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Saori Noguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alan R Brash
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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2
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Brash AR, Noguchi S, Boeglin WE, Calcutt MW, Stec DF, Schneider C, Meyer JM. Correction: Two C18 hydroxy-cyclohexenone fatty acids from mammalian epidermis: Potential relation to 12R-lipoxygenase and covalent binding of ceramides. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107239. [PMID: 38579376 PMCID: PMC11001614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
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Antonetti OR, Desine S, Smith HM, Robles ME, McDonald E, Ovide G, Wang C, Dean ED, Doran AC, Calcutt MW, Huang S, Brown JD, Silver HJ, Ferguson JF. The consumption of animal products is associated with plasma levels of alpha-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024:S0939-4753(24)00111-X. [PMID: 38658223 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The cardiometabolic disease-associated metabolite, alpha-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA) is formed from the breakdown of the essential dietary amino acid lysine. However, it was not known whether elevated plasma levels of 2-AAA are related to dietary nutrient intake. We aimed to determine whether diet is a determinant of circulating 2-AAA in healthy individuals, and whether 2-AAA is altered in response to dietary modification. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated the association between 2-AAA and dietary nutrient intake in a cross-sectional study of healthy individuals (N = 254). We then performed a randomized cross-over dietary intervention trial to investigate the effect of lysine supplementation (1 week) on 2-AAA in healthy individuals (N = 40). We further assessed the effect of a vegetarian diet on 2-AAA in a short-term (4-day) dietary intervention trial in healthy omnivorous women (N = 35). We found that self-reported dietary intake of animal products, including meat, poultry, and seafood, was associated with higher plasma 2-AAA cross-sectionally (P < 0.0001). Supplementary dietary lysine (5g/day) caused no significant increase in plasma 2-AAA; however, plasma 2-AAA was altered by general dietary modification. Further, plasma 2-AAA was significantly reduced by a short-term vegetarian diet (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION We identified associations between plasma 2-AAA and consumption of animal products, which were validated in a vegetarian dietary intervention trial, but not in a trial designed to specifically increase the 2-AAA amino acid precursor lysine. Further studies are warranted to investigate whether implementation of a vegetarian diet improves cardiometabolic risk in individuals with elevated 2-AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R Antonetti
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Stacy Desine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Holly M Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Michelle E Robles
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Ezelle McDonald
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Gerry Ovide
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Chuan Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - E Danielle Dean
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Amanda C Doran
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Shi Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville TN, USA
| | - Jonathan D Brown
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | - Heidi J Silver
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA; Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville TN, USA
| | - Jane F Ferguson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA.
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4
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Tantawy MN, McIntyre JO, Yull F, Calcutt MW, Koktysh DS, Wilson AJ, Zu Z, Nyman J, Rhoades J, Peterson TE, Colvin D, McCawley LJ, Rook JM, Fingleton B, Crispens MA, Alvarez RD, Gore JC. Tumor therapy by targeting extracellular hydroxyapatite using novel drugs: A paradigm shift. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6812. [PMID: 38239047 PMCID: PMC11025459 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that tumor microenvironment (TME) hydroxyapatite (HAP) is typically associated with many malignancies and plays a role in tumor progression and growth. Additionally, acidosis in the TME has been reported to play a key role in selecting for a more aggressive tumor phenotype, drug resistance and desensitization to immunotherapy for many types of cancers. TME-HAP is an attractive target for tumor detection and treatment development since HAP is generally absent from normal soft tissue. We provide strong evidence that dissolution of hydroxyapatite (HAP) within the tumor microenvironment (TME-HAP) using a novel therapeutic can be used to kill cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo with minimal adverse effects. METHODS We developed an injectable cation exchange nano particulate sulfonated polystyrene solution (NSPS) that we engineered to dissolve TME-HAP, inducing localized acute alkalosis and inhibition of tumor growth and glucose metabolism. This was evaluated in cell culture using 4T1, MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cells, MCF10 normal breast cells, and H292 lung cancer cells, and in vivo using orthotopic mouse models of cancer that contained detectable microenvironment HAP including breast (MMTV-Neu, 4T1, and MDA-MB-231), prostate (PC3) and colon (HCA7) cancer using 18 F-NaF for HAP and 18 F-FDG for glucose metabolism with PET imaging. On the other hand, H292 lung tumor cells that lacked detectable microenvironment HAP and MCF10a normal breast cells that do not produce HAP served as negative controls. Tumor microenvironment pH levels following injection of NSPS were evaluated via Chemical Exchange Saturation (CEST) MRI and via ex vivo methods. RESULTS Within 24 h of adding the small concentration of 1X of NSPS (~7 μM), we observed significant tumor cell death (~ 10%, p < 0.05) in 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cell cultures that contain HAP but ⟨2% in H292 and MCF10a cells that lack detectable HAP and in controls. Using CEST MRI, we found extracellular pH (pHe) in the 4T1 breast tumors, located in the mammary fat pad, to increase by nearly 10% from baseline before gradually receding back to baseline during the first hour post NSPS administration. in the tumors that contained TME-HAP in mouse models, MMTV-Neu, 4T1, and MDA-MB-231, PC3, and HCA7, there was a significant reduction (p<0.05) in 18 F-Na Fuptake post NSPS treatment as expected; 18 F- uptake in the tumor = 3.8 ± 0.5 %ID/g (percent of the injected dose per gram) at baseline compared to 1.8 ±0.5 %ID/g following one-time treatment with 100 mg/kg NSPS. Of similar importance, is that 18 F-FDG uptake in the tumors was reduced by more than 75% compared to baseline within 24 h of treatment with one-time NSPS which persisted for at least one week. Additionally, tumor growth was significantly slower (p < 0.05) in the mice treated with one-time NSPS. Toxicity showed no evidence of any adverse effects, a finding attributed to the absence of HAP in normal soft tissue and to our therapeutic NSPS having limited penetration to access HAP within skeletal bone. CONCLUSION Dissolution of TME-HAP using our novel NSPS has the potential to provide a new treatment paradigm to enhance the management of cancer patients with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed N. Tantawy
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging ScienceVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Departments of Radiology and Radiological SciencesVanderbilt Univerity Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - J. Oliver McIntyre
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging ScienceVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Departments of Radiology and Radiological SciencesVanderbilt Univerity Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of PharmacologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Fiona Yull
- Department of PharmacologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyVanderbilt Univerity Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - M. Wade Calcutt
- Department of BiochemistryVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center of ChemistryVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Dmitry S. Koktysh
- Department of ChemistryVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Andrew J. Wilson
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyVanderbilt Univerity Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Zhongliang Zu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging ScienceVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Departments of Radiology and Radiological SciencesVanderbilt Univerity Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Jeff Nyman
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Orthopaedic SurgeryVanderbilt Univerity Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Julie Rhoades
- Orthopaedic SurgeryVanderbilt Univerity Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare SystemNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Todd E. Peterson
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging ScienceVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Departments of Radiology and Radiological SciencesVanderbilt Univerity Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Daniel Colvin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging ScienceVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Lisa J. McCawley
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Jerri. M. Rook
- Department of PharmacologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Barbara Fingleton
- Department of PharmacologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Marta Ann Crispens
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyVanderbilt Univerity Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Division of Gynecologic OncologyVanderbilt Univerity Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Ronald D. Alvarez
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyVanderbilt Univerity Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - John C. Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging ScienceVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Departments of Radiology and Radiological SciencesVanderbilt Univerity Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
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Shelton CD, Sing E, Mo J, Shealy NG, Yoo W, Thomas J, Fitz GN, Castro PR, Hickman TT, Torres TP, Foegeding NJ, Zieba JK, Calcutt MW, Codreanu SG, Sherrod SD, McLean JA, Peck SH, Yang F, Markham NO, Liu M, Byndloss MX. An early-life microbiota metabolite protects against obesity by regulating intestinal lipid metabolism. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1604-1619.e10. [PMID: 37794592 PMCID: PMC10593428 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which the early-life microbiota protects against environmental factors that promote childhood obesity remain largely unknown. Using a mouse model in which young mice are simultaneously exposed to antibiotics and a high-fat (HF) diet, we show that Lactobacillus species, predominant members of the small intestine (SI) microbiota, regulate intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to limit diet-induced obesity during early life. A Lactobacillus-derived metabolite, phenyllactic acid (PLA), protects against metabolic dysfunction caused by early-life exposure to antibiotics and a HF diet by increasing the abundance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) in SI IECs. Therefore, PLA is a microbiota-derived metabolite that activates protective pathways in the small intestinal epithelium to regulate intestinal lipid metabolism and prevent antibiotic-associated obesity during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine D Shelton
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Elizabeth Sing
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jessica Mo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nicolas G Shealy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Woongjae Yoo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Julia Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gillian N Fitz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Pollyana R Castro
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 12083-862, Brazil
| | - Tara T Hickman
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Teresa P Torres
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nora J Foegeding
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jacob K Zieba
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Simona G Codreanu
- Center for Innovative Technology and Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Stacy D Sherrod
- Center for Innovative Technology and Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John A McLean
- Center for Innovative Technology and Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sun H Peck
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nicholas O Markham
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Mariana X Byndloss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Digestive Disease Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Microbiome Innovation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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6
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Desine S, Gabriel CL, Smith HM, Antonetti OR, Wang C, Calcutt MW, Doran AC, Silver HJ, Nair S, Terry JG, Carr JJ, Linton MF, Brown JD, Koethe JR, Ferguson JF. Association of alpha-aminoadipic acid with cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy and high-risk individuals. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1122391. [PMID: 37745703 PMCID: PMC10513411 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1122391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Plasma levels of the metabolite alpha-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA) have been associated with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and atherosclerosis. However, little is known about the relationship of 2-AAA to other cardiometabolic risk markers in pre-disease states, or in the setting of comorbid disease. Methods We measured circulating 2-AAA using two methods in 1) a sample of 261 healthy individuals (2-AAA Study), and 2) in a sample of 134 persons comprising 110 individuals with treated HIV, with or without T2D, a population at high risk of metabolic disease and cardiovascular events despite suppression of circulating virus, and 24 individuals with T2D without HIV (HATIM Study). We examined associations between plasma 2-AAA and markers of cardiometabolic health within each cohort. Results and discussion We observed differences in 2-AAA by sex and race in both cohorts, with higher levels observed in men compared with women, and in Asian compared with Black or white individuals (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in 2-AAA by HIV status within individuals with T2D in the HATIM Study. We confirmed associations between 2-AAA and dyslipidemia in both cohorts, where high 2-AAA associated with low HDL cholesterol (P<0.001) and high triglycerides (P<0.05). As expected, within the cohort of people with HIV, 2-AAA was higher in the setting of T2D compared to pre-diabetes or normoglycemia (P<0.001). 2-AAA was positively associated with body mass index (BMI) in the 2-AAA Study, and with waist circumference and measures of visceral fat volume in HATIM (all P<0.05). Further, 2-AAA associated with increased liver fat in persons with HIV (P<0.001). Our study confirms 2-AAA as a marker of cardiometabolic risk in both healthy individuals and those at high cardiometabolic risk, reveals relationships with adiposity and hepatic steatosis, and highlights important differences by sex and race. Further studies are warranted to establish molecular mechanisms linking 2-AAA to disease in other high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Desine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Curtis L. Gabriel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Holly M. Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Olivia R. Antonetti
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Chuan Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - M. Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Amanda C. Doran
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Heidi J. Silver
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sangeeta Nair
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - James G. Terry
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John Jeffrey Carr
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - MacRae F. Linton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Brown
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John R. Koethe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jane F. Ferguson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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7
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Noguchi S, Tallman KA, Porter NA, Stec DF, Calcutt MW, Boeglin WE, Brash AR. Evaluation of ω-alkynyl-labeled linoleic and arachidonic acids as substrates for recombinant lipoxygenase pathway enzymes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159360. [PMID: 37336389 PMCID: PMC10528070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
ω-Alkynyl-fatty acids can be used as probes for covalent binding to intracellular macromolecules. To inform future in vivo studies, we determined the rates of reaction of ω-alkynyl-labeled linoleate with recombinant enzymes of the skin 12R-lipoxygenase (12R-LOX) pathway involved in epidermal barrier formation (12R-LOX, epidermal lipoxygenase-3 (eLOX3), and SDR9C7). We also examined the reactivity of ω-alkynyl-arachidonic acid with representative lipoxygenase enzymes employing either "carboxyl end-first" substrate binding (5S-LOX) or "tail-first" (platelet-type 12S-LOX). ω-Alkynyl-linoleic acid was oxygenated by 12R-LOX at 62 ± 9 % of the rate compared to linoleic acid, the alkynyl-9R-HPODE product was isomerized by eLOX3 at only 43 ± 1 % of the natural substrate, whereas its epoxy alcohol product was converted to epoxy ketone linoleic by an NADH-dependent dehydrogenase (SDR9C7) with 91 ± 1 % efficiency. The results suggest the optimal approach will be application of the 12R-LOX/eLOX3-derived epoxyalcohol, which should be most efficiently incorporated into the pathway and allow subsequent analysis of covalent binding to epidermal proteins. Regarding the orientation of substrate binding in LOX catalysis, our results and previous reports suggest the ω-alkynyl group has a stronger inhibitory effect on tail-first binding, as might be expected. Beyond slowing the reaction, however, we found that the tail-first binding and transformation of ω-alkynyl-arachidonic acid by platelet-type 12S-LOX results in almost complete enzyme inactivation, possibly due to reactive intermediates blocking the enzyme active site. Overall, the results reinforce the conclusion that ω-alkynyl-fatty acids are suitable for selected applications after appropriate reactivity is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Noguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States of America
| | - Keri A Tallman
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States of America
| | - Ned A Porter
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States of America
| | - Donald F Stec
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, United States of America
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States of America
| | - William E Boeglin
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States of America
| | - Alan R Brash
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States of America.
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8
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Desine S, Gabriel CL, Smith HM, Antonetti OR, Wang C, Calcutt MW, Doran AC, Silver HJ, Nair S, Terry JG, Carr JJ, Linton MF, Brown JD, Koethe JR, Ferguson JF. Association of alpha-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA) with cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy and high-risk individuals. medRxiv 2023:2023.06.05.23290990. [PMID: 37333170 PMCID: PMC10274998 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.05.23290990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Plasma levels of the metabolite alpha-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA) have been associated with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and atherosclerosis. However, little is known about the relationship of 2-AAA to other cardiometabolic risk markers in pre-disease states, or in the setting of comorbid disease. We measured circulating 2-AAA using two methods in 1) a sample of 261 healthy individuals (2-AAA Study), and 2) in a sample of 134 persons comprising 110 individuals with treated HIV, with or without T2D, a population at high risk of metabolic disease and cardiovascular events despite suppression of circulating virus, and 24 individuals with T2D without HIV (HATIM Study). We examined associations between plasma 2-AAA and markers of cardiometabolic health within each cohort. We observed differences in 2-AAA by sex and race in both cohorts, with higher levels observed in men compared with women, and in Asian compared with Black or white individuals (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in 2-AAA by HIV status within individuals with T2D in the HATIM Study. We confirmed associations between 2-AAA and dyslipidemia in both cohorts where high 2-AAA associated with low HDL cholesterol (P<0.001) and high triglycerides (P<0.05). As expected, within the cohort of people with HIV, 2-AAA was higher in the setting of T2D compared to pre-diabetes or normoglycemia (P<0.001). 2-AAA was positively associated with body mass index (BMI) in the 2-AAA Study, and with waist circumference and measures of visceral fat volume in HATIM (all P<0.05). Further, 2-AAA associated with increased liver fat in persons with HIV (P<0.001). Our study confirms 2-AAA as a marker of cardiometabolic risk in both healthy individuals and those at high cardiometabolic risk, reveals relationships with adiposity and hepatic steatosis, and highlights important differences by sex and race. Further studies are warranted to establish molecular mechanisms linking 2-AAA to disease in other high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Desine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Curtis L. Gabriel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Holly M. Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | | | - Chuan Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - M. Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University
| | - Amanda C. Doran
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Heidi J. Silver
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Sangeeta Nair
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - James G. Terry
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - J. Jeffrey Carr
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - MacRae F. Linton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Jonathan D. Brown
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - John R. Koethe
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Jane F. Ferguson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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9
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Brash AR, Noguchi S, Boeglin WE, Calcutt MW, Stec DF, Schneider C, Meyer JM. Two C18 hydroxy-cyclohexenone fatty acids from mammalian epidermis: Potential relation to 12R-lipoxygenase and covalent binding of ceramides. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104739. [PMID: 37086788 PMCID: PMC10209020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A key requirement in forming the water permeability barrier in the mammalian epidermis is the oxidation of linoleate esterified in a skin-specific acylceramide by the sequential actions of 12R-lipoxygenase, epidermal lipoxygenase-3, and the epoxyalcohol dehydrogenase SDR9C7 (short-chain dehydrogenase-reductase family 7 member 9). By mechanisms that remain unclear, this oxidation pathway promotes the covalent binding of ceramides to protein, forming a critical structure of the epidermal barrier, the corneocyte lipid envelope. Here, we detected, in porcine, mouse, and human epidermis, two novel fatty acid derivatives formed by KOH treatment from precursors covalently bound to protein: a "polar" lipid chromatographing on normal-phase HPLC just before omega-hydroxy ceramide and a "less polar" lipid nearer the solvent front. Approximately 100 μg of the novel lipids were isolated from porcine epidermis, and the structures were established by UV-spectroscopy, LC-MS, GC-MS, and NMR. Each is a C18 fatty acid and hydroxy-cyclohexenone with the ring on carbons C9-C14 in the polar lipid and C8-C13 in the less polar lipid. Overnight culture of [14C]linoleic acid with whole mouse skin ex vivo led to recovery of the 14C-labeled hydroxy-cyclohexenones. We deduce they are formed from covalently bound precursors during the KOH treatment used to release esterified lipids. KOH-induced intramolecular aldol reactions from a common precursor can account for their formation. Discovery of these hydroxy-cyclohexenones presents an opportunity for a reverse pathway analysis, namely to work back from these structures to identify their covalently bound precursors and relationship to the linoleate oxidation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Brash
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| | - Saori Noguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - William E Boeglin
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Donald F Stec
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Claus Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jason M Meyer
- Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, and Dermatology Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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10
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Latour YL, Sierra JC, McNamara KM, Smith TM, Luis PB, Schneider C, Delgado AG, Barry DP, Allaman MM, Calcutt MW, Schey KL, Piazuelo MB, Gobert AP, Wilson KT. Ornithine Decarboxylase in Gastric Epithelial Cells Promotes the Immunopathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori Infection. J Immunol 2022; 209:796-805. [PMID: 35896340 PMCID: PMC9378675 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Colonization by Helicobacter pylori is associated with gastric diseases, ranging from superficial gastritis to more severe pathologies, including intestinal metaplasia and adenocarcinoma. The interplay of the host response and the pathogen affect the outcome of disease. One major component of the mucosal response to H. pylori is the activation of a strong but inefficient immune response that fails to control the infection and frequently causes tissue damage. We have shown that polyamines can regulate H. pylori-induced inflammation. Chemical inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), which generates the polyamine putrescine from l-ornithine, reduces gastritis in mice and adenocarcinoma incidence in gerbils infected with H. pylori However, we have also demonstrated that Odc deletion in myeloid cells enhances M1 macrophage activation and gastritis. Here we used a genetic approach to assess the specific role of gastric epithelial ODC during H. pylori infection. Specific deletion of the gene encoding for ODC in gastric epithelial cells reduces gastritis, attenuates epithelial proliferation, alters the metabolome, and downregulates the expression of immune mediators induced by H. pylori Inhibition of ODC activity or ODC knockdown in human gastric epithelial cells dampens H. pylori-induced NF-κB activation, CXCL8 mRNA expression, and IL-8 production. Chronic inflammation is a major risk factor for the progression to more severe pathologies associated with H. pylori infection, and we now show that epithelial ODC plays an important role in mediating this inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L Latour
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Johanna C Sierra
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kara M McNamara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Thaddeus M Smith
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Paula B Luis
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Claus Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Alberto G Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Daniel P Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Margaret M Allaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; and
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; and
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Alain P Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN;
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
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11
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Latour YL, Sierra JC, Finley JL, Asim M, Barry DP, Allaman MM, Smith TM, McNamara KM, Luis PB, Schneider C, Jacobse J, Goettel JA, Calcutt MW, Rose KL, Schey KL, Milne GL, Delgado AG, Piazuelo MB, Paul BD, Snyder S, Gobert AP, Wilson KT. CTH exacerbates Helicobacter pylori immunopathogenesis by promoting macrophage metabolic remodeling and activation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:155338. [PMID: 35579952 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in the inflammatory response to the human stomach pathogen Helicobacter pylori, which infects half of the world's population and causes gastric cancer. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of macrophage immunometabolism in their activation state and function. We have demonstrated that the cysteine-producing enzyme, cystathionine g-lyase (CTH), is upregulated in humans and mice with H. pylori infection. Here we show that induction of CTH in macrophages by H. pylori promotes persistent inflammation. Cth-/- mice have reduced macrophage and T-cell activation in H. pylori-infected tissues, an altered metabolome, and decreased enrichment of immune-associated gene networks, culminating in decreased H. pylori-induced-gastritis. CTH is downstream of the proposed anti-inflammatory molecule, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). While Cth-/- mice exhibit gastric SAM accumulation, WT mice treated with SAM did not display protection against H. pylori-induced inflammation. Instead, we demonstrate that Cth-deficient macrophages exhibit alterations in the proteome, decreased NF-kB activation, diminished expression of macrophage activation markers, and impaired oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Thus, through altering cellular respiration, CTH is a key enhancer of macrophage activation contributing to a pathogenic inflammatory response that is the universal precursor for the development of H. pylori-induced gastric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L Latour
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Johanna C Sierra
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Jordan L Finley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Daniel P Barry
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Univeristy Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Margaret M Allaman
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Thaddeus M Smith
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Kara M McNamara
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Paula B Luis
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Claus Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Justin Jacobse
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Jeremy A Goettel
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Kristie L Rose
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Alberto G Delgado
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Bindu D Paul
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Solomon Snyder
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Alain P Gobert
- Department of Medicine, Vandebilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
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12
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Noto JM, Piazuelo MB, Shah SC, Romero-Gallo J, Hart JL, Di C, Carmichael JD, Delgado AG, Halvorson AE, Greevy RA, Wroblewski LE, Sharma A, Newton AB, Allaman MM, Wilson KT, Washington MK, Calcutt MW, Schey KL, Cummings BP, Flynn CR, Zackular JP, Peek RM. Iron deficiency linked to altered bile acid metabolism promotes Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation-driven gastric carcinogenesis. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e147822. [PMID: 35316215 PMCID: PMC9106351 DOI: 10.1172/jci147822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric carcinogenesis is mediated by complex interactions among Helicobacter pylori, host, and environmental factors. Here, we demonstrate that H. pylori augmented gastric injury in INS-GAS mice under iron-deficient conditions. Mechanistically, these phenotypes were not driven by alterations in the gastric microbiota; however, discovery-based and targeted metabolomics revealed that bile acids were significantly altered in H. pylori-infected mice with iron deficiency, with significant upregulation of deoxycholic acid (DCA), a carcinogenic bile acid. The severity of gastric injury was further augmented when H. pylori-infected mice were treated with DCA, and, in vitro, DCA increased translocation of the H. pylori oncoprotein CagA into host cells. Conversely, bile acid sequestration attenuated H. pylori-induced injury under conditions of iron deficiency. To translate these findings to human populations, we evaluated the association between bile acid sequestrant use and gastric cancer risk in a large human cohort. Among 416,885 individuals, a significant dose-dependent reduction in risk was associated with cumulative bile acid sequestrant use. Further, expression of the bile acid receptor transmembrane G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 5 (TGR5) paralleled the severity of carcinogenic lesions in humans. These data demonstrate that increased H. pylori-induced injury within the context of iron deficiency is tightly linked to altered bile acid metabolism, which may promote gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Noto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shailja C Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Chao Di
- Division of Protective Immunity, and
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James D Carmichael
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center Laboratory, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alberto G Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alese E Halvorson
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert A Greevy
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lydia E Wroblewski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ayushi Sharma
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Margaret M Allaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center Laboratory, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center Laboratory, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bethany P Cummings
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Charles R Flynn
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joseph P Zackular
- Division of Protective Immunity, and
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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13
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Barman B, Sung BH, Krystofiak E, Ping J, Ramirez M, Millis B, Allen R, Prasad N, Chetyrkin S, Calcutt MW, Vickers K, Patton JG, Liu Q, Weaver AM. VAP-A and its binding partner CERT drive biogenesis of RNA-containing extracellular vesicles at ER membrane contact sites. Dev Cell 2022; 57:974-994.e8. [PMID: 35421371 PMCID: PMC9075344 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RNA transfer via extracellular vesicles (EVs) influences cell phenotypes; however, lack of information regarding biogenesis of RNA-containing EVs has limited progress in the field. Here, we identify endoplasmic reticulum membrane contact sites (ER MCSs) as platforms for the generation of RNA-containing EVs. We identify a subpopulation of small EVs that is highly enriched in RNA and regulated by the ER MCS linker protein VAP-A. Functionally, VAP-A-regulated EVs are critical for miR-100 transfer between cells and in vivo tumor formation. Lipid analysis of VAP-A-knockdown EVs revealed reductions in the EV biogenesis lipid ceramide. Knockdown of the VAP-A-binding ceramide transfer protein CERT led to similar defects in EV RNA content. Imaging experiments revealed that VAP-A promotes luminal filling of multivesicular bodies (MVBs), CERT localizes to MVBs, and the ceramide-generating enzyme neutral sphingomyelinase 2 colocalizes with VAP-A-positive ER. We propose that ceramide transfer via VAP-A-CERT linkages drives the biogenesis of a select RNA-containing EV population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahnisikha Barman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bong Hwan Sung
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Evan Krystofiak
- Vanderbilt University Cell Imaging Shared Resource, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jie Ping
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marisol Ramirez
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bryan Millis
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ryan Allen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nripesh Prasad
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Sergei Chetyrkin
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kasey Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James G Patton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alissa M Weaver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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14
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Peters KS, Rivera E, Warden C, Harlow PA, Mitchell SL, Calcutt MW, Samuels DC, Brantley MA. Plasma Arginine and Citrulline are Elevated in Diabetic Retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 235:154-162. [PMID: 34587493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if plasma levels of six arginine-related and citrulline-related metabolites (arginine, citrulline, asymmetric dimethylarginine [ADMA], ornithine, proline, and argininosuccinate) differ between patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy (DR) and type 2 diabetic controls or between patients with proliferative DR (PDR) and non-proliferative DR (NPDR). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Adults with type 2 diabetes were recruited from the Vanderbilt Eye Institute. Exclusion criteria included non-diabetic retinal disease. Plasma metabolite levels were quantified in 159 diabetic controls and 156 DR patients (92 NPDR, 64 PDR) using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Metabolite levels were compared using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test and logistic regressions adjusting for age, sex, hemoglobin A1c, diabetes duration, statin use, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker use. A secondary analysis that included creatinine in the regression model was performed for the subset of patients with available creatinine values (135 diabetic controls, 100 DR patients [58 NPDR, 42 PDR]). RESULTS Multivariable logistic regression analyses determined that arginine (OR = 1.20, [1.06-1.38], P = .0067) and citrulline (OR = 1.53, [1.20-1.98], P = .0025) were significantly elevated in DR patients compared to diabetic controls. While ADMA differed between NPDR and PDR patients in the primary analysis (OR = 1.56, [1.15-2.16], P = .0051), it was not significantly different when adjusting for creatinine (OR = 1.30, [0.90-1.91], P = .15). CONCLUSIONS Plasma arginine and citrulline were significantly elevated in type 2 diabetic patients with DR compared to diabetic controls. None of the tested metabolites significantly differed between NPDR and PDR patients in the adjusted analysis.
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15
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Shelton CD, Yoo W, Shealy NG, Torres TP, Zieba JK, Calcutt MW, Foegeding NJ, Kim D, Kim J, Ryu S, Byndloss MX. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium uses anaerobic respiration to overcome propionate-mediated colonization resistance. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110180. [PMID: 34986344 PMCID: PMC8800556 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota benefits the host by limiting enteric pathogen expansion (colonization resistance), partially via the production of inhibitory metabolites. Propionate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by microbiota members, is proposed to mediate colonization resistance against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Tm). Here, we show that S. Tm overcomes the inhibitory effects of propionate by using it as a carbon source for anaerobic respiration. We determine that propionate metabolism provides an inflammation-dependent colonization advantage to S. Tm during infection. Such benefit is abolished in the intestinal lumen of Salmonella-infected germ-free mice. Interestingly, S. Tm propionate-mediated intestinal expansion is restored when germ-free mice are monocolonized with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (B. theta), a prominent propionate producer in the gut, but not when mice are monocolonized with a propionate-production-deficient B. theta strain. Taken together, our results reveal a strategy used by S. Tm to mitigate colonization resistance by metabolizing microbiota-derived propionate Propionate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by the gut microbiota, is proposed to mediate colonization resistance against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Tm). Here, Shelton et al. show that nitrate-dependent propionate metabolism fuels pathogen expansion in the inflamed gut, allowing S. Tm to overcome propionate’s inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine D Shelton
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Woongjae Yoo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nicolas G Shealy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Teresa P Torres
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jacob K Zieba
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nora J Foegeding
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dajeong Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinshil Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Food Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Food Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mariana X Byndloss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Digestive Disease Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Microbiome Innovation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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16
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Kaczmarek JV, Bogan CM, Pierce JM, Tao YK, Chen SC, Liu Q, Liu X, Boyd KL, Calcutt MW, Bridges TM, Lindsley CW, Friedman DL, Richmond A, Daniels AB. Intravitreal HDAC Inhibitor Belinostat Effectively Eradicates Vitreous Seeds Without Retinal Toxicity In Vivo in a Rabbit Retinoblastoma Model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:8. [PMID: 34757417 PMCID: PMC8590161 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.14.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Current melphalan-based regimens for intravitreal chemotherapy for retinoblastoma vitreous seeds are effective but toxic to the retina. Thus, alternative agents are needed. Based on the known biology of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the retinoblastoma pathway, we systematically studied whether the HDAC inhibitor belinostat is a viable, molecularly targeted alternative agent for intravitreal delivery that might provide comparable efficacy, without toxicity. Methods In vivo pharmacokinetic experiments in rabbits and in vitro cytotoxicity experiments were performed to determine the 90% inhibitory concentration (IC90). Functional toxicity by electroretinography and structural toxicity by optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography, and histopathology were evaluated in rabbits following three injections of belinostat 350 µg (2× IC90) or 700 µg (4× IC90), compared with melphalan 12.5 µg (rabbit equivalent of the human dose). The relative efficacy of intravitreal belinostat versus melphalan to treat WERI-Rb1 human cell xenografts in rabbit eyes was directly quantified. RNA sequencing was used to assess belinostat-induced changes in RB cell gene expression. Results The maximum nontoxic dose of belinostat was 350 µg, which caused no reductions in electroretinography parameters, retinal microvascular loss on OCT angiography, or retinal degeneration. Melphalan caused severe retinal structural and functional toxicity. Belinostat 350 µg (equivalent to 700 µg in the larger human eye) was equally effective at eradicating vitreous seeds in the rabbit xenograft model compared with melphalan (95.5% reduction for belinostat, P < 0.001; 89.4% reduction for melphalan, P < 0.001; belinostat vs. melphalan, P = 0.10). Even 700 µg belinostat (equivalent to 1400 µg in humans) caused only minimal toxicity. Widespread changes in gene expression resulted. Conclusions Molecularly targeted inhibition of HDACs with intravitreal belinostat was equally effective as standard-of-care melphalan but without retinal toxicity. Belinostat may therefore be an attractive agent to pursue clinically for intravitreal treatment of retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica V Kaczmarek
- Division of Ocular Oncology and Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Carley M Bogan
- Division of Ocular Oncology and Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Janene M Pierce
- Division of Ocular Oncology and Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Yuankai K Tao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Sheau-Chiann Chen
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Qi Liu
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Xiao Liu
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Thomas M Bridges
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery at Vanderbilt, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery at Vanderbilt, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Debra L Friedman
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Ann Richmond
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Anthony B Daniels
- Division of Ocular Oncology and Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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17
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Torosyan R, Huang S, Bommi PV, Tiwari R, An SY, Schonfeld M, Rajendran G, Kavanaugh MA, Gibbs B, Truax AD, Bohney S, Calcutt MW, Kerr EW, Leonardi R, Gao P, Chandel NS, Kapitsinou PP. Hypoxic preconditioning protects against ischemic kidney injury through the IDO1/kynurenine pathway. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109547. [PMID: 34407414 PMCID: PMC8487442 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged cellular hypoxia leads to energetic failure and death. However, sublethal hypoxia can trigger an adaptive response called hypoxic preconditioning. While prolyl-hydroxylase (PHD) enzymes and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) have been identified as key elements of oxygen-sensing machinery, the mechanisms by which hypoxic preconditioning protects against insults remain unclear. Here, we perform serum metabolomic profiling to assess alterations induced by two potent cytoprotective approaches, hypoxic preconditioning and pharmacologic PHD inhibition. We discover that both approaches increase serum kynurenine levels and enhance kynurenine biotransformation, leading to preservation of NAD+ in the post-ischemic kidney. Furthermore, we show that indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (Ido1) deficiency abolishes the systemic increase of kynurenine and the subsequent renoprotection generated by hypoxic preconditioning and PHD inhibition. Importantly, exogenous administration of kynurenine restores the hypoxic preconditioning in the context of Ido1 deficiency. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a critical role of the IDO1-kynurenine axis in mediating hypoxic preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Torosyan
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Shengping Huang
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Prashant V Bommi
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ratnakar Tiwari
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Si Young An
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Schonfeld
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ganeshkumar Rajendran
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Matthew A Kavanaugh
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Benjamin Gibbs
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | | | - M Wade Calcutt
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Evan W Kerr
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Roberta Leonardi
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center Metabolomics Core, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center Metabolomics Core, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pinelopi P Kapitsinou
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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18
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Wang C, Calcutt MW, Ferguson JF. Knock-Out of DHTKD1 Alters Mitochondrial Respiration and Function, and May Represent a Novel Pathway in Cardiometabolic Disease Risk. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:710698. [PMID: 34484123 PMCID: PMC8414881 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.710698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease affects the majority of individuals worldwide. The metabolite α-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA) was identified as a biomarker of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unknown. DHTKD1, a central gene in the 2-AAA pathway, has been linked to 2-AAA levels and metabolic phenotypes. However, relatively little is known about its function. Here we report that DHTKD1 knock-out (KO) in HAP-1 cells leads to impaired mitochondrial structure and function. Despite impaired mitochondrial respiration and less ATP production, normal cell proliferation rate is maintained, potentially through a series of compensatory mechanisms, including increased mitochondrial content and Akt activation, p38, and ERK signaling. Common variants in DHTKD1 associate with Type 2 Diabetes and cardiometabolic traits in large genome-wide associations studies. These findings highlight the vital role of DHTKD1 in cellular metabolism and establish DHTKD1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction as a potential novel pathway in cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - M. Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jane F. Ferguson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Jane F. Ferguson,
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19
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Bozhanova NG, Calcutt MW, Beavers WN, Brown BP, Skaar EP, Meiler J. Lipocalin Blc is a potential heme-binding protein. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:206-219. [PMID: 33210733 PMCID: PMC8177097 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lipocalins are a superfamily of functionally diverse proteins defined by a well-conserved tertiary structure despite variation in sequence. Lipocalins bind and transport small hydrophobic molecules in organisms of all kingdoms. However, there is still uncertainty regarding the function of some members of the family, including bacterial lipocalin Blc from Escherichia coli. Here, we present evidence that lipocalin Blc may be involved in heme binding, trans-periplasmic transport, or heme storage. This conclusion is supported by a cocrystal structure, mass-spectrometric data, absorption titration, and in silico analysis. Binding of heme is observed at low micromolar range with one-to-one ligand-to-protein stoichiometry. However, the absence of classical coordination to the iron atom leaves the possibility that the primary ligand of Blc is another tetrapyrrole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina G Bozhanova
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William N Beavers
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Benjamin P Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jens Meiler
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Institute for Drug Discovery, Medical School, Leipzig University, Germany
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20
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Gobert AP, Finley JL, Latour YL, Asim M, Smith TM, Verriere TG, Barry DP, Allaman MM, Delagado AG, Rose KL, Calcutt MW, Schey KL, Sierra JC, Piazuelo MB, Mirmira RG, Wilson KT. Hypusination Orchestrates the Antimicrobial Response of Macrophages. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108510. [PMID: 33326776 PMCID: PMC7812972 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate responses of myeloid cells defend against pathogenic bacteria via inducible effectors. Deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) catalyzes the transfer of the N-moiety of spermidine to the lysine-50 residue of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (EIF5A) to form the amino acid hypusine. Hypusinated EIF5A (EIF5AHyp) transports specific mRNAs to ribosomes for translation. We show that DHPS is induced in macrophages by two gastrointestinal pathogens, Helicobacter pylori and Citrobacter rodentium, resulting in enhanced hypusination of EIF5A. EIF5AHyp was also increased in gastric macrophages from patients with H. pylori gastritis. Furthermore, we identify the bacteria-induced immune effectors regulated by hypusination. This set of proteins includes essential constituents of antimicrobial response and autophagy. Mice with myeloid cell-specific deletion of Dhps exhibit reduced EIF5AHyp in macrophages and increased bacterial burden and inflammation. Thus, regulation of translation through hypusination is a critical hallmark of the defense of eukaryotic hosts against pathogenic bacteria. Gobert et al. demonstrate that hypusination, a specific mechanism regulating translation, is induced in macrophages by bacteria. Hypusination is required for the translation of inducible antimicrobial effectors. Mice that specifically lack hypusination in macrophages are highly susceptible to Helicobacter pylori and Citrobacter rodentium, two pathogens of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain P Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Jordan L Finley
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yvonne L Latour
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thaddeus M Smith
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas G Verriere
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Daniel P Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Margaret M Allaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alberto G Delagado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kristie L Rose
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Johanna C Sierra
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Translational Research Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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21
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Takeichi T, Hirabayashi T, Miyasaka Y, Kawamoto A, Okuno Y, Taguchi S, Tanahashi K, Murase C, Takama H, Tanaka K, Boeglin WE, Calcutt MW, Watanabe D, Kono M, Muro Y, Ishikawa J, Ohno T, Brash AR, Akiyama M. SDR9C7 catalyzes critical dehydrogenation of acylceramides for skin barrier formation. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:890-903. [PMID: 31671075 DOI: 10.1172/jci130675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The corneocyte lipid envelope, composed of covalently bound ceramides and fatty acids, is important to the integrity of the permeability barrier in the stratum corneum, and its absence is a prime structural defect in various skin diseases associated with defective skin barrier function. SDR9C7 encodes a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 9C member 7 (SDR9C7) recently found mutated in ichthyosis. In a patient with SDR9C7 mutation and a mouse Sdr9c7-KO model, we show loss of covalent binding of epidermal ceramides to protein, a structural fault in the barrier. For reasons unresolved, protein binding requires lipoxygenase-catalyzed transformations of linoleic acid (18:2) esterified in ω-O-acylceramides. In Sdr9c7-/- epidermis, quantitative liquid chromatography-mass spectometry (LC-MS) assays revealed almost complete loss of a species of ω-O-acylceramide esterified with linoleate-9,10-trans-epoxy-11E-13-ketone; other acylceramides related to the lipoxygenase pathway were in higher abundance. Recombinant SDR9C7 catalyzed NAD+-dependent dehydrogenation of linoleate 9,10-trans-epoxy-11E-13-alcohol to the corresponding 13-ketone, while ichthyosis mutants were inactive. We propose, therefore, that the critical requirement for lipoxygenases and SDR9C7 is in producing acylceramide containing the 9,10-epoxy-11E-13-ketone, a reactive moiety known for its nonenzymatic coupling to protein. This suggests a mechanism for coupling of ceramide to protein and provides important insights into skin barrier formation and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Takeichi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirabayashi
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyasaka
- Division of Experimental Animals, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akane Kawamoto
- Biological Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Haga, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shijima Taguchi
- Division of Dermatology, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kana Tanahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chiaki Murase
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takama
- Department of Dermatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kosei Tanaka
- Analytical Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Haga, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - M Wade Calcutt
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daisuke Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kono
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Muro
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junko Ishikawa
- Biological Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Haga, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tamio Ohno
- Division of Experimental Animals, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Alan R Brash
- Departments of Pharmacology and Biochemistry and
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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22
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Dai C, Walker JT, Shostak A, Bouchi Y, Poffenberger G, Hart NJ, Jacobson DA, Calcutt MW, Bottino R, Greiner DL, Shultz LD, McGuinness OP, Dean ED, Powers AC. Dapagliflozin Does Not Directly Affect Human α or β Cells. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqaa080. [PMID: 32428240 PMCID: PMC7375801 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Selective inhibitors of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) are widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and act primarily to lower blood glucose by preventing glucose reabsorption in the kidney. However, it is controversial whether these agents also act on the pancreatic islet, specifically the α cell, to increase glucagon secretion. To determine the effects of SGLT2 on human islets, we analyzed SGLT2 expression and hormone secretion by human islets treated with the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin (DAPA) in vitro and in vivo. Compared to the human kidney, SLC5A2 transcript expression was 1600-fold lower in human islets and SGLT2 protein was not detected. In vitro, DAPA treatment had no effect on glucagon or insulin secretion by human islets at either high or low glucose concentrations. In mice bearing transplanted human islets, 1 and 4 weeks of DAPA treatment did not alter fasting blood glucose, human insulin, and total glucagon levels. Upon glucose stimulation, DAPA treatment led to lower blood glucose levels and proportionally lower human insulin levels, irrespective of treatment duration. In contrast, after glucose stimulation, total glucagon was increased after 1 week of DAPA treatment but normalized after 4 weeks of treatment. Furthermore, the human islet grafts showed no effects of DAPA treatment on hormone content, endocrine cell proliferation or apoptosis, or amyloid deposition. These data indicate that DAPA does not directly affect the human pancreatic islet, but rather suggest an indirect effect where lower blood glucose leads to reduced insulin secretion and a transient increase in glucagon secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Dai
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John T Walker
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alena Shostak
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yasir Bouchi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Greg Poffenberger
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nathaniel J Hart
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David A Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rita Bottino
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | | | - Owen P McGuinness
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - E Danielle Dean
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville Tennessee
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23
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Daniels AB, Froehler MT, Pierce JM, Nunnally AH, Calcutt MW, Bridges TM, LaNeve DC, Williams PE, Boyd KL, Reyzer ML, Lindsley CW, Friedman DL, Richmond A. Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Localization, Toxicity, and Treatment Efficacy in the First Small Animal (Rabbit) Model of Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:446-454. [PMID: 29368001 PMCID: PMC5783625 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Current intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) drug regimens for retinoblastoma have ocular and vascular toxicities. No small-animal model of IAC exists to test drug efficacy and toxicity in vivo for IAC drug discovery. The purpose of this study was to develop a small-animal model of IAC and to analyze the ocular tissue penetration, distribution, pharmacokinetics, and treatment efficacy. Methods Following selective ophthalmic artery (OA) catheterization, melphalan (0.4 to 1.2 mg/kg) was injected. For pharmacokinetic studies, rabbits were euthanized at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, or 6 hours following intra-OA infusion. Drug levels were determined in vitreous, retina, and blood by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. To assess toxicity, angiograms, photography, fluorescein angiography, and histopathology were performed. For in situ tissue drug distribution, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) was performed. The tumor model was created by combined subretinal/intravitreal injection of human WERI-Rb1 retinoblastoma cells; the tumor was treated in vivo with intra-arterial melphalan or saline; and induction of tumor death was measured by cleaved caspase-3 activity. Results OA was selectively catheterized for 79 of 79 (100%) eyes in 47 of 47 (100%) rabbits, and melphalan was delivered successfully in 31 of 31 (100%) eyes, without evidence of vascular occlusion or retinal damage. For treated eyes, maximum concentration (Cmax) in the retina was 4.95 μM and area under the curve (AUC0→∞) was 5.26 μM·h. Treated eye vitreous Cmax was 2.24 μM and AUC0→∞ was 4.19 μM·h. Vitreous Cmax for the treated eye was >100-fold higher than for the untreated eye (P = 0.01), and AUC0→∞ was ∼50-fold higher (P = 0.01). Histology-directed MALDI-IMS revealed highest drug localization within the retina. Peripheral blood Cmax was 1.04 μM and AUC0→∞ was 2.07 μM·h. Combined subretinal/intravitreal injection of human retinoblastoma cells led to intra-retinal tumors and subretinal/vitreous seeds, which could be effectively killed in vivo with intra-arterial melphalan. Conclusions This first small-animal model of IAC has excellent vitreous and retinal tissue drug penetration, achieving levels sufficient to kill human retinoblastoma cells, facilitating future IAC drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony B Daniels
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Michael T Froehler
- Cerebrovascular Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Janene M Pierce
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Amy H Nunnally
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Surgical Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Thomas M Bridges
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - David C LaNeve
- Surgical Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Phillip E Williams
- Surgical Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Michelle L Reyzer
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Debra L Friedman
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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24
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Anderson DMG, Ablonczy Z, Koutalos Y, Hanneken AM, Spraggins JM, Calcutt MW, Crouch RK, Caprioli RM, Schey KL. Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate lipids in the retinal pigment epithelium implicate lysosomal/endosomal dysfunction in a model of Stargardt disease and human retinas. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17352. [PMID: 29229934 PMCID: PMC5725462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Stargardt disease is a juvenile onset retinal degeneration, associated with elevated levels of lipofuscin and its bis-retinoid components, such as N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E). However, the pathogenesis of Stargardt is still poorly understood and targeted treatments are not available. Utilizing high spatial and high mass resolution matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS), we determined alterations of lipid profiles specifically localized to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in Abca4 -/- Stargardt model mice compared to their relevant background strain. Extensive analysis by LC-MS/MS in both positive and negative ion mode was required to accurately confirm the identity of one highly expressed lipid class, bis(monoacylgylercoro)phosphate (BMP) lipids, and to distinguish them from isobaric species. The same BMP lipids were also detected in the RPE of healthy human retina. BMP lipids have been previously associated with the endosomal/lysosomal storage diseases Niemann-Pick and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis and have been reported to regulate cholesterol levels in endosomes. These results suggest that perturbations in lipid metabolism associated with late endosomal/lysosomal dysfunction may play a role in the pathogenesis of Stargardt disease and is evidenced in human retinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M G Anderson
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zsolt Ablonczy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Preclinical Department, Ora Inc, Andover, MA, USA
| | - Yiannis Koutalos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Anne M Hanneken
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Spraggins
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rosalie K Crouch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Richard M Caprioli
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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25
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Nairn BL, Lonergan ZR, Wang J, Braymer JJ, Zhang Y, Calcutt MW, Lisher JP, Gilston BA, Chazin WJ, de Crécy-Lagard V, Giedroc DP, Skaar EP. The Response of Acinetobacter baumannii to Zinc Starvation. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 19:826-36. [PMID: 27281572 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential metal that vertebrates sequester from pathogens to protect against infection. Investigating the opportunistic pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii's response to Zn starvation, we identified a putative Zn metallochaperone, ZigA, which binds Zn and is required for bacterial growth under Zn-limiting conditions and for disseminated infection in mice. ZigA is encoded adjacent to the histidine (His) utilization (Hut) system. The His ammonia-lyase HutH binds Zn very tightly only in the presence of high His and makes Zn bioavailable through His catabolism. The released Zn enables A. baumannii to combat host-imposed Zn starvation. These results demonstrate that A. baumannii employs several mechanisms to ensure bioavailability of Zn during infection, with ZigA functioning predominately during Zn starvation, but HutH operating in both Zn-deplete and -replete conditions to mobilize a labile His-Zn pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Nairn
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Zachery R Lonergan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jiefei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Joseph J Braymer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Yaofang Zhang
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John P Lisher
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Benjamin A Gilston
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Walter J Chazin
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Valerie de Crécy-Lagard
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - David P Giedroc
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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26
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Chiba T, Thomas CP, Calcutt MW, Boeglin WE, O'Donnell VB, Brash AR. The Precise Structures and Stereochemistry of Trihydroxy-linoleates Esterified in Human and Porcine Epidermis and Their Significance in Skin Barrier Function: IMPLICATION OF AN EPOXIDE HYDROLASE IN THE TRANSFORMATIONS OF LINOLEATE. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14540-54. [PMID: 27151221 PMCID: PMC4938176 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.711267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Creation of an intact skin water barrier, a prerequisite for life on dry land,
requires the lipoxygenase-catalyzed oxidation of the essential fatty acid linoleate,
which is esterified to the ω-hydroxyl of an epidermis-specific ceramide.
Oxidation of the linoleate moiety by lipoxygenases is proposed to facilitate
enzymatic cleavage of the ester bond, releasing free ω-hydroxyceramide for
covalent binding to protein, thus forming the corneocyte lipid envelope, a key
component of the epidermal barrier. Herein, we report the transformations of
esterified linoleate proceed beyond the initial steps of oxidation and epoxyalcohol
synthesis catalyzed by the consecutive actions of 12R-LOX and
epidermal LOX3. The major end product in human and porcine epidermis is a trihydroxy
derivative, formed with a specificity that implicates participation of an epoxide
hydrolase in converting epoxyalcohol to triol. Of the 16 possible triols arising from
hydrolysis of 9,10-epoxy-13-hydroxy-octadecenoates, using LC-MS and chiral analyses,
we identify and quantify specifically
9R,10S,13R-trihydroxy-11E-octadecenoate
as the single major triol esterified in porcine epidermis and the same isomer with
lesser amounts of its 10R diastereomer in human epidermis. The
9R,10S,13R-triol is formed by
SN2 hydrolysis of the
9R,10R-epoxy-13R-hydroxy-octadecenoate
product of the LOX enzymes, a reaction specificity characteristic of epoxide
hydrolase. The high polarity of triol over the primary linoleate products enhances
the concept that the oxidations disrupt corneocyte membrane lipids, promoting release
of free ω-hydroxyceramide for covalent binding to protein and sealing of the
waterproof barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher P Thomas
- the Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Biochemistry and the Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 and
| | | | - Valerie B O'Donnell
- the Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom
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27
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Iwamoto H, Calcutt MW, Blakely RD. Differential impact of genetically modulated choline transporter expression on the release of endogenous versus newly synthesized acetylcholine. Neurochem Int 2016; 98:138-45. [PMID: 27013347 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The efficient import of choline into cholinergic nerve terminals by the presynaptic, high-affinity choline transporter (CHT, SLC5A7) dictates the capacity for acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis and release. Tissue levels of ACh are significantly reduced in mice heterozygous for a loss of function mutation in Slc5a7 (HET, CHT(+/-)), but significantly elevated in overexpressing, Slc5a7 BAC-transgenic mice (BAC). Since the readily-releasable pool of ACh is thought to constitute a small fraction of the total ACh pool, these genotype-dependent changes raised the question as to whether CHT expression or activity might preferentially influence the size of reserve pool ACh vesicles. In the current study, we approached this question by evaluating CHT genotype effects on the release of ACh from suprafused mouse forebrain slices. We treated slices from HET, BAC or wildtype (WT) controls with elevated K(+) and monitored release of both newly synthesized and storage pools of ACh. Newly synthesized ACh produced following uptake of [(3)H]choline was quantified by scintillation spectrometry whereas release of endogenous ACh storage pools was quantified by an HPLC-MS approach, from the same samples. Whereas endogenous ACh release scaled with CHT gene dosage, preloaded [(3)H]ACh release displayed no significant genotype dependence. Our findings suggest that CHT protein levels preferentially impact the capacity for ACh release afforded by mobilization of reserve pool vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Iwamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Randy D Blakely
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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28
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Brittain EL, Talati M, Fessel JP, Zhu H, Penner N, Calcutt MW, West JD, Funke M, Lewis GD, Gerszten RE, Hamid R, Pugh ME, Austin ED, Newman JH, Hemnes AR. Fatty Acid Metabolic Defects and Right Ventricular Lipotoxicity in Human Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Circulation 2016; 133:1936-44. [PMID: 27006481 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.019351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of right ventricular (RV) failure in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are poorly understood. Abnormalities in fatty acid (FA) metabolism have been described in experimental models of PAH, but systemic and myocardial FA metabolism has not been studied in human PAH. METHODS AND RESULTS We used human blood, RV tissue, and noninvasive imaging to characterize multiple steps in the FA metabolic pathway in PAH subjects and controls. Circulating free FAs and long-chain acylcarnitines were elevated in PAH patients versus controls. Human RV long-chain FAs were increased and long-chain acylcarnitines were markedly reduced in PAH versus controls. With the use of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, in vivo myocardial triglyceride content was elevated in human PAH versus controls (1.4±1.3% triglyceride versus 0.22±0.11% triglyceride, P=0.02). Ceramide, a mediator of lipotoxicity, was increased in PAH RVs versus controls. Using an animal model of heritable PAH, we demonstrated reduced FA oxidation via failure of palmitoylcarnitine to stimulate oxygen consumption in the PAH RV. CONCLUSIONS Abnormalities in FA metabolism can be detected in the blood and myocardium in human PAH and are associated with in vivo cardiac steatosis and lipotoxicity. Murine data suggest that lipotoxicity may arise from reduction in FA oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L Brittain
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.).
| | - Megha Talati
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - Joshua P Fessel
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - He Zhu
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - Niki Penner
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - James D West
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - Mitch Funke
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - Gregory D Lewis
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - Rizwan Hamid
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - Meredith E Pugh
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - Eric D Austin
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - John H Newman
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
| | - Anna R Hemnes
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (E.L.B.); Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.T., J.P.F., N.P., J.D.W., M.F., M.E.P., J.H.N., A.R.H.); Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN (H.Z.); Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (M.W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (D.G.L., R.E.G.); Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.D.L., R.E.G.); Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.E.G.); Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (R.H.); and Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (E.D.A.)
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Skrypnyk NI, Sanker S, Skvarca LB, Novitskaya T, Woods C, Chiba T, Patel K, Goldberg ND, McDermott L, Vinson PN, Calcutt MW, Huryn DM, Vernetti LA, Vogt A, Hukriede NA, de Caestecker MP. Delayed treatment with PTBA analogs reduces postinjury renal fibrosis after kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 310:F705-F716. [PMID: 26661656 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00503.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
No therapies have been shown to accelerate recovery or prevent fibrosis after acute kidney injury (AKI). In part, this is because most therapeutic candidates have to be given at the time of injury and the diagnosis of AKI is usually made too late for drugs to be efficacious. Strategies to enhance post-AKI repair represent an attractive approach to address this. Using a phenotypic screen in zebrafish, we identified 4-(phenylthio)butanoic acid (PTBA), which promotes proliferation of embryonic kidney progenitor cells (EKPCs), and the PTBA methyl ester UPHD25, which also increases postinjury repair in ischemia-reperfusion and aristolochic acid-induced AKI in mice. In these studies, a new panel of PTBA analogs was evaluated. Initial screening was performed in zebrafish EKPC assays followed by survival assays in a gentamicin-induced AKI larvae zebrafish model. Using this approach, we identified UPHD186, which in contrast to UPHD25, accelerates recovery and reduces fibrosis when administered several days after ischemia-reperfusion AKI and reduces fibrosis after unilateral ureteric obstruction in mice. UPHD25 and 186 are efficiently metabolized to the active analog PTBA in liver and kidney microsome assays, indicating both compounds may act as PTBA prodrugs in vivo. UPHD186 persists longer in the circulation than UPHD25, suggesting that sustained levels of UPHD186 may increase efficacy by acting as a reservoir for renal metabolism to PTBA. These findings validate use of zebrafish EKPC and AKI assays as a drug discovery strategy for molecules that reduce fibrosis in multiple AKI models and can be administered days after initiation of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya I Skrypnyk
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Subramaniam Sanker
- Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Tatiana Novitskaya
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Clara Woods
- Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Takuto Chiba
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kevin Patel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Natasha D Goldberg
- Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lee McDermott
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Paige N Vinson
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Donna M Huryn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lawrence A Vernetti
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andreas Vogt
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Neil A Hukriede
- Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark P de Caestecker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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30
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Lepesheva GI, Hargrove TY, Rachakonda G, Wawrzak Z, Pomel S, Cojean S, Nde PN, Nes WD, Locuson CW, Calcutt MW, Waterman MR, Daniels JS, Loiseau PM, Villalta F. VFV as a New Effective CYP51 Structure-Derived Drug Candidate for Chagas Disease and Visceral Leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis 2015; 212:1439-48. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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Luka Z, Pakhomova S, Loukachevitch LV, Calcutt MW, Newcomer ME, Wagner C. Crystal structure of the histone lysine specific demethylase LSD1 complexed with tetrahydrofolate. Protein Sci 2014; 23:993-8. [PMID: 24715612 PMCID: PMC4088983 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An important epigenetic modification is the methylation/demethylation of histone lysine residues. The first histone demethylase to be discovered was a lysine-specific demethylase 1, LSD1, a flavin containing enzyme which carries out the demethylation of di- and monomethyllysine 4 in histone H3. The removed methyl groups are oxidized to formaldehyde. This reaction is similar to those performed by dimethylglycine dehydrogenase and sarcosine dehydrogenase, in which protein-bound tetrahydrofolate (THF) was proposed to serve as an acceptor of the generated formaldehyde. We showed earlier that LSD1 binds THF with high affinity which suggests its possible participation in the histone demethylation reaction. In the cell, LSD1 interacts with co-repressor for repressor element 1 silencing transcription factor (CoREST). In order to elucidate the role of folate in the demethylating reaction we solved the crystal structure of the LSD1-CoREST-THF complex. In the complex, the folate-binding site is located in the active center in close proximity to flavin adenine dinucleotide. This position of the folate suggests that the bound THF accepts the formaldehyde generated in the course of histone demethylation to form 5,10-methylene-THF. We also show the formation of 5,10-methylene-THF during the course of the enzymatic reaction in the presence of THF by mass spectrometry. Production of this form of folate could act to prevent accumulation of potentially toxic formaldehyde in the cell. These studies suggest that folate may play a role in the epigenetic control of gene expression in addition to its traditional role in the transfer of one-carbon units in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigmund Luka
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, Tennessee, 37232,*Correspondence to: Zigmund Luka, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 604 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232. E-mail:
| | - Svetlana Pakhomova
- Louisiana State University, Department of Biological SciencesBaton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803
| | | | - M Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - Marcia E Newcomer
- Louisiana State University, Department of Biological SciencesBaton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803
| | - Conrad Wagner
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, Tennessee, 37232
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32
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Ehrmann DC, Rose K, Calcutt MW, Beller AB, Hill S, Rogers TJ, Steele SD, Hachey DL, Aschner JL. Glutathionylated γG and γA subunits of hemoglobin F: a novel post-translational modification found in extremely premature infants by LC-MS and nanoLC-MS/MS. J Mass Spectrom 2014; 49:178-183. [PMID: 24677308 PMCID: PMC4074533 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of various disease processes and is a putative mechanism in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the most common complication of extreme preterm birth. Glutathione, a major endogenous antioxidant and redox buffer, also mediates cellular functions through protein thiolation. We sought to determine if post-translational thiol modification of hemoglobin F occurs in neonates by examining erythrocyte samples obtained during the first month of life from premature infants, born at 23 0/7 - 28 6/7 weeks gestational age, who were enrolled at our center in the Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program (PROP). Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we report the novel finding of in vivo and in vitro glutathionylation of γG and γA subunits of Hgb F. Through tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS), we confirmed the adduction site as the Cys-γ94 residue and through high-resolution mass spectrometry determined that the modification occurs in both γ subunits. We also identified glutathionylation of the β subunit of Hgb A in our patient samples; we did not find modified α subunits of Hgb A or F. In conclusion, we are the first to report that glutathionylation of γG and γA of Hgb F occurs in premature infants. Additional studies of this post-translational modification are needed to determine its physiologic impact on Hgb F function and if sG-Hgb is a biomarker for clinical morbidities associated with oxidative stress in premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Ehrmann
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kristie Rose
- Department of Biochemistry Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M. Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amy B. Beller
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Salisha Hill
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Theresa J. Rogers
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Steven D. Steele
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David L. Hachey
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Judy L. Aschner
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Schoenberger SD, Kim SJ, Sheng J, Calcutt MW. Reduction of Vitreous Prostaglandin E 2Levels After Topical Administration of Ketorolac 0.45%. JAMA Ophthalmol 2014; 132:150-4. [DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.5692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott D. Schoenberger
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Stephen J. Kim
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jinsong Sheng
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M. Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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Mullins EA, Rubinson EH, Pereira KN, Calcutt MW, Christov PP, Eichman BF. An HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous detection of alkylated base excision repair products. Methods 2013; 64:59-66. [PMID: 23876937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA glycosylases excise a broad spectrum of alkylated, oxidized, and deaminated nucleobases from DNA as the initial step in base excision repair. Substrate specificity and base excision activity are typically characterized by monitoring the release of modified nucleobases either from a genomic DNA substrate that has been treated with a modifying agent or from a synthetic oligonucleotide containing a defined lesion of interest. Detection of nucleobases from genomic DNA has traditionally involved HPLC separation and scintillation detection of radiolabeled nucleobases, which in the case of alkylation adducts can be laborious and costly. Here, we describe a mass spectrometry method to simultaneously detect and quantify multiple alkylpurine adducts released from genomic DNA that has been treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). We illustrate the utility of this method by monitoring the excision of N3-methyladenine (3 mA) and N7-methylguanine (7 mG) by a panel of previously characterized prokaryotic and eukaryotic alkylpurine DNA glycosylases, enabling a comparison of substrate specificity and enzyme activity by various methods. Detailed protocols for these methods, along with preparation of genomic and oligonucleotide alkyl-DNA substrates, are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwood A Mullins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (P450) 2E1 is the major enzyme that oxidizes N-nitrosodimethylamine [N,N-dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)], a carcinogen and also a representative of some nitrosamines formed endogenously. Oxidation of DMN by rat or human P450 2E1 to HCHO showed a high apparent intrinsic kinetic deuterium isotope effect (KIE), ≥8. The KIE was not attenuated in noncompetitive intermolecular experiments with rat liver microsomes {(D)V = 12.5; (D)(V/K) = 10.9 [nomenclature of Northrop, D. B. (1982) Methods Enzymol. 87, 607-625]} but was with purified human P450 2E1 [(D)V = 3.3; (D)(V/K) = 3.7], indicating that C-H bond breaking is partially rate-limiting with human P450 2E1. With N-nitrosodiethylamine [N,N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN)], the intrinsic KIE was slightly lower and was not expressed [e.g., (D)(V/K) = 1.2] in noncompetitive intermolecular experiments. The same general pattern of KIEs was also seen in the (D)(V/K) results with DMN and DEN for the minor products resulting from the denitrosation reactions (CH(3)NH(2), CH(3)CH(2)NH(2), and NO(2)(-)). Experiments with deuterated N-nitroso-N-methyl-N-ethylamine demonstrated that the lower KIEs associated with ethyl versus methyl oxidation could be distinguished within a single molecule. P450 2E1 oxidized DMN and DEN to aldehydes and then to the carboxylic acids. No kinetic lags were observed in acid formation; pulse-chase experiments with carrier aldehydes showed only limited equilibration with P450 2E1-bound aldehydes, indicative of processive reactions, as reported for P450 2A6 [Chowdhury, G., et al. (2010) J. Biol. Chem. 285, 8031-8044]. These same features (no lag phase for HCO(2)H formation and a lack of equilibration in pulse-chase assays) were also seen with (rat) P450 2B1, which has a lower catalytic efficiency for DMN oxidation and a larger active site. Thus, the processivity of dialkyl nitrosamine oxidation appears to be shared by a number of P450s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry and Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
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36
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Wakeman CA, Hammer ND, Stauff DL, Attia AS, Anzaldi LL, Dikalov SI, Calcutt MW, Skaar EP. Menaquinone biosynthesis potentiates haem toxicity in Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Microbiol 2012; 86:1376-92. [PMID: 23043465 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen that infects multiple anatomical sites leading to a diverse array of diseases. Although vertebrates can restrict the growth of invading pathogens by sequestering iron within haem, S. aureus surmounts this challenge by employing high-affinity haem uptake systems. However, the presence of excess haem is highly toxic, necessitating tight regulation of haem levels. To overcome haem stress, S. aureus expresses the detoxification system HrtAB. In this work, a transposon screen was performed in the background of a haem-susceptible, HrtAB-deficient S. aureus strain to identify the substrate transported by this putative pump and the source of haem toxicity. While a recent report indicates that HrtAB exports haem itself, the haem-resistant mutants uncovered by the transposon selection enabled us to elucidate the cellular factors contributing to haem toxicity. All mutants identified in this screen inactivated the menaquinone (MK) biosynthesis pathway. Deletion of the final steps of this pathway revealed that quinone molecules localizing to the cell membrane potentiate haem-associated superoxide production and subsequent oxidative damage. These data suggest a model in which membrane-associated haem and quinone molecules form a redox cycle that continuously generates semiquinones and reduced haem, both of which react with atmospheric oxygen to produce superoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Wakeman
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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37
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Wang L, Liu L, Shi Y, Cao H, Chaturvedi R, Calcutt MW, Hu T, Ren X, Wilson KT, Polk DB, Yan F. Berberine induces caspase-independent cell death in colon tumor cells through activation of apoptosis-inducing factor. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36418. [PMID: 22574158 PMCID: PMC3344856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid derived from plants, is a traditional medicine for treating bacterial diarrhea and intestinal parasite infections. Although berberine has recently been shown to suppress growth of several tumor cell lines, information regarding the effect of berberine on colon tumor growth is limited. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the effects of berberine on regulating the fate of colon tumor cells, specifically the mouse immorto-Min colonic epithelial (IMCE) cells carrying the Apcmin mutation, and of normal colon epithelial cells, namely young adult mouse colonic epithelium (YAMC) cells. Berberine decreased colon tumor colony formation in agar, and induced cell death and LDH release in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in IMCE cells. In contrast, YAMC cells were not sensitive to berberine-induced cell death. Berberine did not stimulate caspase activation, and PARP cleavage and berberine-induced cell death were not affected by a caspase inhibitor in IMCE cells. Rather, berberine stimulated a caspase-independent cell death mediator, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) release from mitochondria and nuclear translocation in a ROS production-dependent manner. Amelioration of berberine-stimulated ROS production or suppression of AIF expression blocked berberine-induced cell death and LDH release in IMCE cells. Furthermore, two targets of ROS production in cells, cathepsin B release from lysosomes and PARP activation were induced by berberine. Blockage of either of these pathways decreased berberine-induced AIF activation and cell death in IMCE cells. Thus, berberine-stimulated ROS production leads to cathepsin B release and PARP activation-dependent AIF activation, resulting in caspase-independent cell death in colon tumor cells. Notably, normal colon epithelial cells are less susceptible to berberine-induced cell death, which suggests the specific inhibitory effects of berberine on colon tumor cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Cancer Research Center, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Hanwei Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - M. Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Tianhui Hu
- Cancer Research Center, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - D. Brent Polk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California and Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Carter MD, Calcutt MW, Malow BA, Rose KL, Hachey DL. Quantitation of melatonin and n-acetylserotonin in human plasma by nanoflow LC-MS/MS and electrospray LC-MS/MS. J Mass Spectrom 2012; 47:277-285. [PMID: 22431453 PMCID: PMC3319463 DOI: 10.1002/jms.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL) and its chemical precursor N-acetylserotonin (NAS) are believed to be potential biomarkers for sleep-related disorders. Measurement of these compounds, however, has proven to be difficult due to their low circulating levels, especially that of NAS. Few methods offer the sensitivity, specificity and dynamic range needed to monitor MEL and its precursors and metabolites in small blood samples, such as those obtained from pediatric patients. In support of our ongoing study to determine the safety, tolerability and PK dosing strategies for MEL in treating insomnia in children with autism spectrum disorder, two highly sensitive LC-MS/MS assays were developed for the quantitation of MEL and precursor NAS at pg/mL levels in small volumes of human plasma. A validated electrospray ionization (ESI) method was used to quantitate high levels of MEL in PK studies, and a validated nanospray (nESI) method was developed for quantitation of MEL and NAS at endogenous levels. In both assays, plasma samples were processed by centrifugal membrane dialysis after addition of stable isotopic internal standards, and the components were separated by either conventional LC using a Waters SymmetryShield RP18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 3.5 µm) or on a polyimide-coated, fused-silica capillary self-packed with 17 cm AquaC18 (3 µm, 125 Å). Quantitation was done using the SRM transitions m/z 233 → 174 and m/z 219 → 160 for MEL and NAS, respectively. The analytical response ratio versus concentration curves were linear for MEL (nanoflow LC: 11.7-1165 pg/mL, LC: 1165-116,500 pg/mL) and for NAS (nanoflow LC: 11.0-1095 pg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D. Carter
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biochemistry, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - M. Wade Calcutt
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biochemistry, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Beth A. Malow
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Neurology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kristie L. Rose
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biochemistry, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - David L. Hachey
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biochemistry, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Pharmacology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Puzanov I, Lee W, Chen AP, Calcutt MW, Hachey DL, Vermeulen WL, Spanswick VJ, Liao CY, Hartley JA, Berlin JD, Rothenberg ML. Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of SJG-136, a novel DNA sequence selective minor groove cross-linking agent, in advanced solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:3794-802. [PMID: 21346148 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This phase I study assessed the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of SJG-136, a sequence-specific DNA cross-linking agent, in patients with advanced cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In schedule A, seven patients received escalating doses of SJG-136 (6, 12, 24, and 48 μg/m(2)) daily for 5 of 21 days. Blood samples were collected for PK analysis on days 1 and 5 of cycle 1. In schedule B, SJG-136 was given daily for 3 of 21 days (N = 17; doses 20, 25, 30, and 35 μg/m(2)). Blood samples were collected on days 1 and 3 of cycles 1 and 2 for PK and PD analysis. Patients in schedule B received dexamethasone and early diuretic care. RESULTS Schedule A-dose-limiting toxicities included grade 3 edema, dyspnea, fatigue, and delayed liver toxicity (grade 3-4). PK analysis revealed dose-dependent increases in AUC and C(max). Substantial changes in volume of distribution at steady-state occurred after repeated dosing in some patients prior to the onset of edema. Schedule B-the same toxicities were manageable with steroid premedication and diuretic support. No significant myelosuppression occurred on either schedule. DNA interstrand cross-links correlated with systemic exposure of SJG-136 following the second dose in cycle 1 and were still detectable immediately before cycle 2. CONCLUSIONS The MTD of SJG-136 in this study was 30 μg/m(2) administered on a daily 3× basis with no myelosuppression effects. Coupled with supportive management, SJG-136 is now advancing to a phase II trial in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Puzanov
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6307, USA.
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Williams BJ, Du RH, Calcutt MW, Abdolrasulnia R, Christman BW, Blackwell TS. Discovery of an operon that participates in agmatine metabolism and regulates biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mol Microbiol 2010; 76:104-19. [PMID: 20149107 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Agmatine is the decarboxylation product of arginine and a number of bacteria have devoted enzymatic pathways for its metabolism. Pseudomonas aeruginosa harbours the aguBA operon that metabolizes agmatine to putrescine, which can be subsequently converted into other polyamines or shunted into the TCA cycle for energy production. We discovered an alternate agmatine operon in the P. aeruginosa strain PA14 named agu2ABCA' that contains two genes for agmatine deiminases (agu2A and agu2A'). This operon was found to be present in 25% of clinical P. aeruginosa isolates. Agu2A' contains a twin-arginine translocation signal at its N-terminus and site-directed mutagenesis and cell fractionation experiments confirmed this protein is secreted to the periplasm. Analysis of the agu2ABCA' promoter demonstrates that agmatine induces expression of the operon during the stationary phase of growth and during biofilm growth and agu2ABCA' provides only weak complementation of aguBA, which is induced during log phase. Biofilm assays of mutants of all three agmatine deiminase genes in PA14 revealed that deletion of agu2ABCA', specifically its secreted product Agu2A', reduces biofilm production of PA14 following addition of exogenous agmatine. Together, these findings reveal a novel role for the agu2ABCA' operon in the biofilm development of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Williams
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Chowdhury G, Calcutt MW, Guengerich FP. Oxidation of N-Nitrosoalkylamines by human cytochrome P450 2A6: sequential oxidation to aldehydes and carboxylic acids and analysis of reaction steps. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:8031-44. [PMID: 20061389 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.088039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (P450) 2A6 activates nitrosamines, including N,N-dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) and N,N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN), to alkyl diazohydroxides (which are DNA-alkylating agents) and also aldehydes (HCHO from DMN and CH(3)CHO from DEN). The N-dealkylation of DMN had a high intrinsic kinetic deuterium isotope effect ((D)k(app) approximately 10), which was highly expressed in a variety of competitive and non-competitive experiments. The (D)k(app) for DEN was approximately 3 and not expressed in non-competitive experiments. DMN and DEN were also oxidized to HCO(2)H and CH(3)CO(2)H, respectively. In neither case was a lag observed, which was unexpected considering the k(cat) and K(m) parameters measured for oxidation of DMN and DEN to the aldehydes and for oxidation of the aldehydes to the carboxylic acids. Spectral analysis did not indicate strong affinity of the aldehydes for P450 2A6, but pulse-chase experiments showed only limited exchange with added (unlabeled) aldehydes in the oxidations of DMN and DEN to carboxylic acids. Substoichiometric kinetic bursts were observed in the pre-steady-state oxidations of DMN and DEN to aldehydes. A minimal kinetic model was developed that was consistent with all of the observed phenomena and involves a conformational change of P450 2A6 following substrate binding, equilibrium of the P450-substrate complex with a non-productive form, and oxidation of the aldehydes to carboxylic acids in a process that avoids relaxation of the conformation following the first oxidation (i.e. of DMN or DEN to an aldehyde).
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry and Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, USA
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Janjigian YY, Lee W, Kris MG, Miller VA, Krug LM, Azzoli CG, Senturk E, Calcutt MW, Rizvi NA. A phase I trial of SJG-136 (NSC#694501) in advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2009; 65:833-8. [PMID: 19672598 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-009-1088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE SJG-136 is a pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimer that forms DNA crosslinks and has demonstrated broad antitumor activity. We undertook this trial to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), toxicities and pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of SJG-136 in patients with an advanced solid tumor. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this phase I study, patients were treated with SJG-136 on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day cycle. Dose levels studied were 10, 20, 40 and 60 microg/m2. PK parameters of SJG-136 were assessed following the intravenous administration of SJG-136 on days 1 and 15 of cycle 1. RESULTS Twenty-one patients with advanced solid tumors were treated. Patients had a median of two prior chemotherapy regimens. Fatigue was dose-limiting with SJG-136 60 microg/m2/day administered on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day cycle. Grade 3 thrombocytopenia and delayed onset liver toxicity were seen in one patient each. PK parameters of SJG-136 indicated dose-proportional increases in systemic exposure with increasing doses. No objective responses were seen. CONCLUSION For patients with advanced solid tumors, the MTD of SJG-136 is 40 microg/m2/day administered on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day cycle. The major dose limiting toxicity was fatigue. Alternative dosing strategies are now being evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Y Janjigian
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Wade Calcutt M, Lee W, Puzanov I, Rothenberg ML, Hachey DL. Determination of chemically reduced pyrrolobenzodiazepine SJG-136 in human plasma by HPLC-MS/MS: application to an anticancer phase I dose escalation study. J Mass Spectrom 2008; 43:42-52. [PMID: 17683023 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
SJG-136 1,1'-[[(propane-1,3-diyl)dioxy]bis[(11aS)-7-methoxy-2-methylidene-1,2,3,11a-tetrahydro-5H-pyr- rolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepin-5-one]] (NSC 694501), is a bifunctional pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer that forms selective, irreversible, interstrand DNA cross-links via exocyclic N2 atoms of two guanine bases, with a preference for 5'PuGATCPy binding sites. SJG-136 is highly cytotoxic in human tumor cells in vitro and in human tumor xenograft models in vivo at subnanomolar concentrations and is currently in anticancer phase I clinical trials in the United Kingdom and United States. To support correlative pharmacokinetics studies, a highly sensitive HPLC-MS/MS assay was developed and validated for the reliable quantitation of SJG-136 in human plasma, using the structurally similar PBD dimer DSB-120 as an internal standard. Chemical reduction of SJG-136 to its corresponding amine (SJG-136-H(4), [M + H](+)m/z 561) improved HPLC peak resolution and sensitivity by minimizing complications that arose from the reactivity of the labile imine moieties. Plasma samples were processed by protein precipitation and centrifugal membrane dialysis; components were separated by HPLC using an Agilent Rapid Resolution HT 1.8 mm (2.1 mm x 50 mm) analytical column. The total analysis time from injection to injection was 11 min. Electrospray MS/MS detection of SJG-136-H(4) was based on the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) transition [M + H](+)m/z 561 --> 301. The analytical response ratio was linearly proportional to the plasma concentration of SJG-136 over the nominal concentration range of 25 pg/ml to 250 ng/ml, with a coefficient of determination of r > or = 0.999. The intrarun absolute %RE was < or =19.6, 14.2, and 14.0% at 0.056, 2.83, and 56.3 ng/ml, respectively. The corresponding %RSD was < or =14.9%, 9.01, and 4.59%. The interday %RSD was < or =2.72, 3.46, and 5.20%. The lower and upper limits of quantitation were 0.056 and 56 ng/ml, respectively; recovery of SJG-136 from plasma was > or = 62% across the validated concentration range. The sensitivity of the validated assay was sufficient to detect SJG-136 in human subjects for up to 6 h after intravenous administration of 6 microg/m(2), the starting dose of an NCI-sponsored dose escalation study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wade Calcutt
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-8575, USA.
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Abstract
Human cytochrome P450 (P450) 2A6 catalyzes 7-hydroxylation of coumarin, and the reaction rate is enhanced by cytochrome b5 (b5). 7-Alkoxycoumarins were O-dealkylated and also hydroxylated at the 3-position. Binding of coumarin and 7-hydroxycoumarin to ferric and ferrous P450 2A6 are fast reactions (k(on) approximately 10(6) m(-1) s(-1)), and the k(off) rates range from 5.7 to 36 s(-1) (at 23 degrees C). Reduction of ferric P450 2A6 is rapid (7.5 s(-1)) but only in the presence of coumarin. The reaction of the ferrous P450 2A6 substrate complex with O2 is rapid (k > or = 10(6) m(-1) s(-1)), and the putative Fe2+.O2 complex decayed at a rate of approximately 0.3 s(-1) at 23 degrees C. Some 7-hydroxycoumarin was formed during the oxidation of the ferrous enzyme under these conditions, and the yield was enhanced by b5. Kinetic analyses showed that approximately 1/3 of the reduced b5 was rapidly oxidized in the presence of the Fe2+.O2 complex, implying some electron transfer. High intrinsic and competitive and non-competitive intermolecular kinetic deuterium isotope effects (values 6-10) were measured for O-dealkylation of 7-alkoxycoumarins, indicating the effect of C-H bond strength on rates of product formation. These results support a scheme with many rapid reaction steps, including electron transfers, substrate binding and release at multiple stages, and rapid product release even though the substrate is tightly bound in a small active site. The inherent difficulty of chemistry of substrate oxidation and the lack of proclivity toward a linear pathway leading to product formation explain the inefficiency of the enzyme relative to highly efficient bacterial P450s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Ho Yun
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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Manderville RA, Wade Calcutt M, Dai J, Park G, Gillman IG, Noftle RE, Mohammed AK, Birincioglu M, Dizdaroglu M, Rodriguez H, Akman SA. Stoichiometric preference in copper-promoted oxidative DNA damage by ochratoxin A. J Inorg Biochem 2003; 95:87-96. [PMID: 12763652 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(03)00104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the fungal carcinogen, ochratoxin A (OTA, 1), to facilitate copper-promoted oxidative DNA damage has been assessed using supercoiled plasmid DNA (Form I)-agarose gel electrophoresis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring (GC-MS-SIM). OTA is shown to promote oxidative cleavage of Form I DNA with optimal cleavage efficiency occurring under excess Cu(II) conditions. As the concentration of OTA was increased and present in excess of Cu(II) the cleavage was less effective. Parallel findings were found for the ability of the OTA-Cu mixture to facilitate oxidative base damage. Yields (lesions per 10(6) DNA bases) of modified bases upon exposure of calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) to OTA-H(2)O(2)-Cu(II) were diminished when the OTA:Cu ratio was increased to 5:1. Electrochemical studies carried out in methanol implicate a ligand-centered 2e oxidation of OTA in the presence of excess Cu(II), while product analyses utilizing electrospray mass spectrometry support the intermediacy of the quinone, OTQ (3), in Cu-promoted oxidation of OTA. The implications of these findings with regard to the mutagenicity of OTA are discussed.
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Melvin MS, Calcutt MW, Noftle RE, Manderville RA. Influence of the a-ring on the redox and nuclease properties of the prodigiosins: importance of the bipyrrole moiety in oxidative DNA cleavage. Chem Res Toxicol 2002; 15:742-8. [PMID: 12018997 DOI: 10.1021/tx025508p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prodigiosin (Prod, 1) is the parent member of a class of polypyrrole natural products that exhibit promising immunosuppressive and cytotoxic activity. They can facilitate copper-promoted oxidative double-strand (ds) DNA cleavage through reductive activation of Cu(II). This is triggered by oxidation of the electron-rich Prod molecule and may provide a basis for the cytotoxicity of the prodigiosins. To gain an understanding of this activity, we prepared several Prod analogues with various A-ring systems to examine their electrochemical properties in acetonitrile (MeCN) as a means to establish a basis for structure-reactivity relationships in copper-promoted nuclease activity. The intact bipyrrole (BP) chromophore is critical for the copper-mediated nuclease properties of the Prods. In fact, simple BP systems are shown to facilitate oxidative single-strand (ss) DNA cleavage. Replacement of the Prod A-pyrrole ring with alternative arenes (phenyl, furan-2-yl, or thiophen-2-yl) inhibits DNA strand scission and raises the half-peak oxidation potential (E(p/2)) of the Prod free base [E(p/2) = 0.44 V vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE) in MeCN] by ca. 200 mV. The same effect was achieved through attachment of an electron-withdrawing group (acetyl) at the 5'-position of the A-pyrrole ring. The structural modifications that inhibit DNA cleavage correlate with known structure-reactivity relationships of Prods against leukemia and melanoma cancer cells. The implications of our findings with regard to the cytotoxicity of the Prods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt S Melvin
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109-7486, USA
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Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA, 1A) is a mycotoxin implicated in human kidney carcinogenesis, in which oxidative activation is believed to play a key role. To gain an understanding of the oxidative behavior of the toxin, we have carried out an electrochemical study and have observed a direct correlation between the electrochemistry of OTA and 4-chlorophenol (4-ClPhOH). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) of OTA in acetonitrile (MeCN) showed that the toxin exhibits an irreversible oxidative half-peak potential (E(p/2)) of 1.81 V vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE); the corresponding value for 4-ClPhOH is 1.59 V. For both compounds, subsequent scans revealed the appearance of the respective hydroquinone/benzoquinone couple, which formed from the oxidation of the parent para-chlorophenol moiety. The hydroquinone of OTA (OTHQ, 2) exhibited E(p/2) = 1.21 V in MeCN. Deprotonation of OTA to form the phenolate (OTA(-)) lowered the potential to E(p/2) = 1.0 V in MeCN. However, from the oxidation of OTA(-), no evidence for the OTHQ(2)/OTQ(3) redox couple was found. In aqueous phosphate buffer (pH 6-8), the electrochemical behavior of OTA mimicked that observed for OTA(-) in MeCN; E(p/2) was approximately 0.8 V vs SCE and subsequent scans did not generate the OTHQ/OTQ redox couple. From capillary electrophoresis (CE), a diffusion coefficient (D) of 0.48 x 10(-5) cm(2) s(-1) was determined for OTA in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. Combining this value with electrochemical data suggested that OTA undergoes a 1H(+)/1e oxidation in aqueous media. The biological implications of these findings with respect to the oxidative metabolism of OTA, and other chlorinated phenols, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Calcutt
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109-7486, USA
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