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Ventura-Antunes L, Nackenoff A, Romero-Fernandez W, Bosworth AM, Prusky A, Wang E, Carvajal-Tapia C, Shostak A, Harmsen H, Mobley B, Maldonado J, Solopova E, Caleb Snider J, David Merryman W, Lippmann ES, Schrag M. Arteriolar degeneration and stiffness in cerebral amyloid angiopathy are linked to β-amyloid deposition and lysyl oxidase. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.08.583563. [PMID: 38659767 PMCID: PMC11042178 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.583563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a vasculopathy characterized by vascular β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition on cerebral blood vessels. CAA is closely linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and intracerebral hemorrhage. CAA is associated with the loss of autoregulation in the brain, vascular rupture, and cognitive decline. To assess morphological and molecular changes associated with the degeneration of penetrating arterioles in CAA, we analyzed post-mortem human brain tissue from 26 patients with mild, moderate, and severe CAA end neurological controls. The tissue was optically cleared for three-dimensional light sheet microscopy, and morphological features were quantified using surface volume rendering. We stained Aβ, vascular smooth muscle (VSM), lysyl oxidase (LOX), and vascular markers to visualize the relationship between degenerative morphological features, including vascular dilation, dolichoectasia (variability in lumenal diameter) and tortuosity, and the volumes of VSM, Aβ, and LOX in arterioles. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to assess arteriolar wall stiffness, and we identified a pattern of morphological features associated with degenerating arterioles in the cortex. The volume of VSM associated with the arteriole was reduced by around 80% in arterioles with severe CAA and around 60% in cases with mild/moderate CAA. This loss of VSM correlated with increased arteriolar diameter and variability of diameter, suggesting VSM loss contributes to arteriolar laxity. These vascular morphological features correlated strongly with Aβ deposits. At sites of microhemorrhage, Aβ was consistently present, although the morphology of the deposits changed from the typical organized ring shape to sharply contoured shards with marked dilation of the vessel. AFM showed that arteriolar walls with CAA were more than 400% stiffer than those without CAA. Finally, we characterized the association of vascular degeneration with LOX, finding strong associations with VSM loss and vascular degeneration. These results show an association between vascular Aβ deposition, microvascular degeneration, and increased vascular stiffness, likely due to the combined effects of replacement of VSM by β-amyloid, cross-linking of extracellular matrices (ECM) by LOX, and possibly fibrosis. This advanced microscopic imaging study clarifies the association between Aβ deposition and vascular fragility. Restoration of physiologic ECM properties in penetrating arteries may yield a novel therapeutic strategy for CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Nackenoff
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Allison M Bosworth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alex Prusky
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emmeline Wang
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Alena Shostak
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hannah Harmsen
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bret Mobley
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jose Maldonado
- Vanderbilt Neurovisualization Lab, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elena Solopova
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J. Caleb Snider
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - W. David Merryman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ethan S Lippmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew Schrag
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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2
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Katdare KA, Kjar A, O’Brown NM, Neal EH, Sorets AG, Shostak A, Romero-Fernandez W, Kwiatkowski AJ, Mlouk K, Kim H, Cowell RP, Schwensen KR, Horner KB, Wilson JT, Schrag MS, Megason SG, Lippmann ES. IQGAP2 regulates blood-brain barrier immune dynamics. bioRxiv 2024:2023.02.07.527394. [PMID: 38645082 PMCID: PMC11030232 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.07.527394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Brain endothelial cells (BECs) play an important role in maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis through blood-brain barrier (BBB) functions. BECs express low baseline levels of adhesion receptors, which limits entry of leukocytes. However, the molecular mediators governing this phenotype remain mostly unclear. Here, we explored how infiltration of immune cells across the BBB is influenced by the scaffold protein IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 2 (IQGAP2). In mice and zebrafish, we demonstrate that loss of Iqgap2 increases infiltration of peripheral leukocytes into the CNS under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and immunohistology, we further show that BECs from mice lacking Iqgap2 exhibit a profound inflammatory signature, including extensive upregulation of adhesion receptors and antigen-processing machinery. Human tissue analyses also reveal that Alzheimer's disease is associated with reduced hippocampal IQGAP2. Overall, our results implicate IQGAP2 as an essential regulator of BBB immune privilege and immune cell entry into the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketaki A. Katdare
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew Kjar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Emma H. Neal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander G. Sorets
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alena Shostak
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Kate Mlouk
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hyosung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca P. Cowell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Katrina R. Schwensen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kensley B. Horner
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John T. Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew S. Schrag
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sean G. Megason
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ethan S. Lippmann
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Solopova E, Romero-Fernandez W, Harmsen H, Ventura-Antunes L, Wang E, Shostak A, Maldonado J, Donahue MJ, Schultz D, Coyne TM, Charidimou A, Schrag M. Fatal iatrogenic cerebral β-amyloid-related arteritis in a woman treated with lecanemab for Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8220. [PMID: 38086820 PMCID: PMC10716177 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43933-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a 79-year-old woman with Alzheimer's disease who participated in a Phase III randomized controlled trial called CLARITY-AD testing the experimental drug lecanemab. She was randomized to the placebo group and subsequently enrolled in an open-label extension which guaranteed she received the active drug. After the third biweekly infusion, she suffered a seizure characterized by speech arrest and a generalized convulsion. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed she had multifocal swelling and a marked increase in the number of cerebral microhemorrhages. She was treated with an antiepileptic regimen and high-dose intravenous corticosteroids but continued to worsen and died after 5 days. Post-mortem MRI confirmed extensive microhemorrhages in the temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. The autopsy confirmed the presence of two copies of APOE4, a gene associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease, and neuropathological features of moderate severity Alzheimer's disease and severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy with perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates, reactive macrophages and fibrinoid degeneration of vessel walls. There were deposits of β-amyloid in meningeal vessels and penetrating arterioles with numerous microaneurysms. We conclude that the patient likely died as a result of severe cerebral amyloid-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Solopova
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Hannah Harmsen
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Emmeline Wang
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alena Shostak
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jose Maldonado
- Vanderbilt Neurovisualization Lab, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Manus J Donahue
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel Schultz
- Final Diagnosis: Private Autopsy Florida - Forensic Pathology Lab, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas M Coyne
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Matthew Schrag
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- The Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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4
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Romero-Fernandez W, Carvajal-Tapia C, Prusky A, Katdare KA, Wang E, Shostak A, Ventura-Antunes L, Harmsen HJ, Lippmann ES, Fuxe K, MacGurn JA, Borroto-Escuela DO, Schrag MS. Detection, visualization and quantification of protein complexes in human Alzheimer's disease brains using proximity ligation assay. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11948. [PMID: 37488165 PMCID: PMC10366145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38000-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Examination of healthy and diseased human brain is essential to translational neuroscience. Protein-protein interactions play a pivotal role in physiological and pathological processes, but their detection is difficult, especially in aged and fixed human brain tissue. We used the in-situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) to broaden the range of molecular interactions assessable in-situ in the human neuropathology. We adapted fluorescent in-situ PLA to detect ubiquitin-modified proteins in human brains with Alzheimer's disease (AD), including approaches for the management of autofluorescence and quantification using a high-content image analysis system. We confirmed that phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau (Serine202, Threonine205) aggregates were modified by ubiquitin and that phospho-tau-ubiquitin complexes were increased in hippocampal and frontal cortex regions in AD compared to non-AD brains. Overall, we refined PLA for use in human neuropathology, which has revealed a profound change in the distribution of ubiquitin in AD brain and its association with characteristic tau pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilber Romero-Fernandez
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, MRBIII 465 21St Avenue S, Suite 6158, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA.
| | - Cristian Carvajal-Tapia
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, MRBIII 465 21St Avenue S, Suite 6158, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Alex Prusky
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, MRBIII 465 21St Avenue S, Suite 6158, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Ketaki A Katdare
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Emmeline Wang
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, MRBIII 465 21St Avenue S, Suite 6158, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Alena Shostak
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, MRBIII 465 21St Avenue S, Suite 6158, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Lissa Ventura-Antunes
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, MRBIII 465 21St Avenue S, Suite 6158, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Hannah J Harmsen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Ethan S Lippmann
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, MRBIII 465 21St Avenue S, Suite 6158, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Kjell Fuxe
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solna, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jason A MacGurn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Dasiel O Borroto-Escuela
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solna, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
- Receptomics and Brain Disorders Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Edificio Lopez-Penalver, Jimenez Fraud 10, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Matthew S Schrag
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, MRBIII 465 21St Avenue S, Suite 6158, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA.
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
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5
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Romero-Fernandez W, Carvajal-Tapia C, Prusky A, Katdare K, Wang E, Shostak A, Ventura-Antunes L, Harmsen H, Lippmann E, Borroto-Escuela D, MacGurn J, Fuxe K, Schrag M. Detection, Visualization and Quantification of Protein Complexes in Human Alzheimer's Disease Brains using Proximity Ligation Assay. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2570335. [PMID: 36824944 PMCID: PMC9949263 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2570335/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Examination of healthy and diseased human brain is essential to translational neuroscience. Protein-protein interactions play a pivotal role in physiological and pathological processes, but their detection is difficult, especially in aged and fixed human brain tissue. We used the proximity ligation assay (PLA) to broaden the range of molecular interactions assessable in-situ in human neuropathology. We adapted fluorescent in-situ PLA to detect ubiquitin-modified proteins in human brains with Alzheimer's disease (AD), including approaches for the management of autofluorescence and quantification using a high-content image analysis system. We confirmed that hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau (Serine202, Threonine205) aggregates were modified by ubiquitin and that phospho-tau-ubiquitin complexes were increased in hippocampal and frontal cortex regions in AD compared to non-AD brains. Overall, we refined PLA for use in human neuropathology, which has revealed a profound change in the distribution of ubiquitin in AD brain and its association with characteristic tau pathologies.
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6
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Antunes LV, Bosworth AM, Nackenoff A, Shostak A, Snider JC, Sturgeon SM, Merryman DW, Solopova E, Fernandez WR, Lippmann ES, Schrag M. Three‐dimensional study on morphological changes of arterioles in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.066004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alena Shostak
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
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7
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Catron MA, Howe RK, John EKS, Potesta CV, Shostak A, Schrag M, Zhou C. Subclinical β‐amyloid peptides impair homeostatic synaptic potentiation in hippocampal neurons in 5XFAD mice. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.066138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel K. Howe
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Neurology Nashville TN USA
| | | | | | - Alena Shostak
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | | | - Chengwen Zhou
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Neurology Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt University Neuroscience Graduate Program Nashville TN USA
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8
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Kim H, Leng K, Park J, Sorets AG, Kim S, Shostak A, Embalabala RJ, Mlouk K, Katdare KA, Rose IVL, Sturgeon SM, Neal EH, Ao Y, Wang S, Sofroniew MV, Brunger JM, McMahon DG, Schrag MS, Kampmann M, Lippmann ES. Reactive astrocytes transduce inflammation in a blood-brain barrier model through a TNF-STAT3 signaling axis and secretion of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6581. [PMID: 36323693 PMCID: PMC9630454 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are critical components of the neurovascular unit that support blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. Pathological transformation of astrocytes to reactive states can be protective or harmful to BBB function. Here, using a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived BBB co-culture model, we show that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) transitions astrocytes to an inflammatory reactive state that causes BBB dysfunction through activation of STAT3 and increased expression of SERPINA3, which encodes alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (α1ACT). To contextualize these findings, we correlated astrocytic STAT3 activation to vascular inflammation in postmortem human tissue. Further, in murine brain organotypic cultures, astrocyte-specific silencing of Serpina3n reduced vascular inflammation after TNF challenge. Last, treatment with recombinant Serpina3n in both ex vivo explant cultures and in vivo was sufficient to induce BBB dysfunction-related molecular changes. Overall, our results define the TNF-STAT3-α1ACT signaling axis as a driver of an inflammatory reactive astrocyte signature that contributes to BBB dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kun Leng
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jinhee Park
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander G Sorets
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Suil Kim
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alena Shostak
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Kate Mlouk
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ketaki A Katdare
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Indigo V L Rose
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Sturgeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emma H Neal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yan Ao
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shinong Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Brunger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Douglas G McMahon
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew S Schrag
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ethan S Lippmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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9
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Fernandez WR, Solopova E, Shostak A, Balotin KM, Mobley B, Harmsen H, Jefferson AL, Lippmann ES, Hohman TJ, Schrag MS. RBFOX1 is regulated by the adenosine 2a receptor and is ubiquitinated in tau tangles in Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.056367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alena Shostak
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | | | - Bret Mobley
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | | | - Angela L. Jefferson
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | | | - Timothy J. Hohman
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Matthew S. Schrag
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute Nashville TN USA
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10
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Schrag MS, Mahoney ER, Shostak A, Nackenoff A, Dumitrescu L, Akers C, Jefferson AL, Hohman TJ. Granulovacuolar degenerating body markers accumulate alongside dysfunctional lysosomes in dystrophic neurites and correlate with cognition in Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.047657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alena Shostak
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | | | | | - Carolyn Akers
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
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11
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Nackenoff A, Hohman TJ, Neuner SM, Akers C, Weitzel N, Shostak A, Ferguson SM, Bennett DA, Schneider JA, Jefferson AL, Kaczorowski CC, Schrag MS. PLD3 is a neuronal lysosomal phospholipase D associated with β‐amyloid plaques and cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.043301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carolyn Akers
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | | | - Alena Shostak
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | | | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
| | - Julie A. Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
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12
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Dai C, Walker JT, Shostak A, Bouchi Y, Poffenberger G, Hart NJ, Jacobson DA, Calcutt MW, Bottino R, Greiner DL, Shultz LD, McGuinness OP, Dean ED, Powers AC. Dapagliflozin Does Not Directly Affect Human α or β Cells. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqaa080. [PMID: 32428240 PMCID: PMC7375801 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Selective inhibitors of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) are widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and act primarily to lower blood glucose by preventing glucose reabsorption in the kidney. However, it is controversial whether these agents also act on the pancreatic islet, specifically the α cell, to increase glucagon secretion. To determine the effects of SGLT2 on human islets, we analyzed SGLT2 expression and hormone secretion by human islets treated with the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin (DAPA) in vitro and in vivo. Compared to the human kidney, SLC5A2 transcript expression was 1600-fold lower in human islets and SGLT2 protein was not detected. In vitro, DAPA treatment had no effect on glucagon or insulin secretion by human islets at either high or low glucose concentrations. In mice bearing transplanted human islets, 1 and 4 weeks of DAPA treatment did not alter fasting blood glucose, human insulin, and total glucagon levels. Upon glucose stimulation, DAPA treatment led to lower blood glucose levels and proportionally lower human insulin levels, irrespective of treatment duration. In contrast, after glucose stimulation, total glucagon was increased after 1 week of DAPA treatment but normalized after 4 weeks of treatment. Furthermore, the human islet grafts showed no effects of DAPA treatment on hormone content, endocrine cell proliferation or apoptosis, or amyloid deposition. These data indicate that DAPA does not directly affect the human pancreatic islet, but rather suggest an indirect effect where lower blood glucose leads to reduced insulin secretion and a transient increase in glucagon secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Dai
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John T Walker
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alena Shostak
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yasir Bouchi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Greg Poffenberger
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nathaniel J Hart
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David A Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rita Bottino
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | | | - Owen P McGuinness
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - E Danielle Dean
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville Tennessee
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13
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Shostak A, Smilovich L, Mogilner G, Raich D, Siprovich L, Gotloib L. Peritoneal Dialysis and Recovery from Acute Renal Failure in a 847-Gram Newborn Infant. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686089001000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Shostak
- Department of Nephrology and the Kornach Laboratory for Experimental Nephrology
| | | | - G. Mogilner
- Department of Pediatric Surgery Central Emek Hospital Afula, Israel
| | | | - L. Siprovich
- Department of Pediatric Surgery Central Emek Hospital Afula, Israel
| | - L. Gotloib
- Department of Nephrology and the Kornach Laboratory for Experimental Nephrology
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14
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Dai C, Walker JT, Shostak A, Padgett A, Spears E, Wisniewski S, Poffenberger G, Aramandla R, Dean ED, Prasad N, Levy SE, Greiner DL, Shultz LD, Bottino R, Powers AC. Tacrolimus- and sirolimus-induced human β cell dysfunction is reversible and preventable. JCI Insight 2020; 5:130770. [PMID: 31941840 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a common and significant complication related to immunosuppressive agents required to prevent organ or cell transplant rejection. To elucidate the effects of 2 commonly used agents, the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus (TAC) and the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus (SIR), on islet function and test whether these effects could be reversed or prevented, we investigated human islets transplanted into immunodeficient mice treated with TAC or SIR at clinically relevant levels. Both TAC and SIR impaired insulin secretion in fasted and/or stimulated conditions. Treatment with TAC or SIR increased amyloid deposition and islet macrophages, disrupted insulin granule formation, and induced broad transcriptional dysregulation related to peptide processing, ion/calcium flux, and the extracellular matrix; however, it did not affect regulation of β cell mass. Interestingly, these β cell abnormalities reversed after withdrawal of drug treatment. Furthermore, cotreatment with a GLP-1 receptor agonist completely prevented TAC-induced β cell dysfunction and partially prevented SIR-induced β cell dysfunction. These results highlight the importance of both calcineurin and mTOR signaling in normal human β cell function in vivo and suggest that modulation of these pathways may prevent or ameliorate PTDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Dai
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and
| | - John T Walker
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alena Shostak
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Ana Padgett
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Erick Spears
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Scott Wisniewski
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Greg Poffenberger
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Radhika Aramandla
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and
| | - E Danielle Dean
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Nripesh Prasad
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Shawn E Levy
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Rita Bottino
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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15
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Saunders DC, Brissova M, Phillips N, Shrestha S, Walker JT, Aramandla R, Poffenberger G, Flaherty DK, Weller KP, Pelletier J, Cooper T, Goff MT, Virostko J, Shostak A, Dean ED, Greiner DL, Shultz LD, Prasad N, Levy SE, Carnahan RH, Dai C, Sévigny J, Powers AC. Ectonucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase-3 Antibody Targets Adult Human Pancreatic β Cells for In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis. Cell Metab 2019; 29:745-754.e4. [PMID: 30449685 PMCID: PMC6402969 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Identification of cell-surface markers specific to human pancreatic β cells would allow in vivo analysis and imaging. Here we introduce a biomarker, ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-3 (NTPDase3), that is expressed on the cell surface of essentially all adult human β cells, including those from individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. NTPDase3 is expressed dynamically during postnatal human pancreas development, appearing first in acinar cells at birth, but several months later its expression declines in acinar cells while concurrently emerging in islet β cells. Given its specificity and membrane localization, we utilized an NTPDase3 antibody for purification of live human β cells as confirmed by transcriptional profiling, and, in addition, for in vivo imaging of transplanted human β cells. Thus, NTPDase3 is a cell-surface biomarker of adult human β cells, and the antibody directed to this protein should be a useful new reagent for β cell sorting, in vivo imaging, and targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane C Saunders
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Neil Phillips
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shristi Shrestha
- HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - John T Walker
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Radhika Aramandla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Greg Poffenberger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David K Flaherty
- Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kevin P Weller
- Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Tracy Cooper
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Matt T Goff
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John Virostko
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Alena Shostak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - E Danielle Dean
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | | | - Nripesh Prasad
- HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Shawn E Levy
- HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Robert H Carnahan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Chunhua Dai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Départment de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d'Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Peritoneal sclerosis has been induced in rodents in vivo by exposing the membrane to a variety of experimental interventions: asbestos, 0.1% chlorexidine, iron dextran, glucose degradation products, AGE deposits derived from uremia per se, sodium hypochlorite, lypopolysaccharide, low pH, pure water, silica or zymosan. With a few exceptions (pure water, chlorhexidine and low pH), the other substances mentioned operate setting out different degrees of oxidative stress. This short review describes several experimental interventions in rodents, aimed at acute exfoliation or long-term, sustained injury of the mesothelial monolayer performed by means of intraperitoneal injections of different oxidant agents. Acute exfoliation induced by deoxycholate resulted in a depopulated monolayer coincident with immediate alteration of the peritoneal permeability, evidenced by increased urea D/P ratio, higher glucose absorption rate, elevated albumin losses in the effluent and significant reduction of the ultrafiltration rate. In the long term (30 days), these manifestations of membrane failure persisted and coincided with substantial peritoneal sclerosis. Peritoneal sclerosis was also induced by IP injections of 0.125% trypsin and 6.6 mM/L solution of formaldehyde. Using the doughnut rat model of mesothelial regeneration, exposure to 4.25% glucose or 7.5% icodextrin solutions severely hampered repopulation of the monolayer, which was replaced by a thick sheet of fibrous tissue. It is concluded that peritoneal sclerosis derives mostly from sustained oxidative injury to the peritoneal membrane. Loss of the mesothelial monolayer is the first step in the chain of events leading to this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gotloib
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and the Research Center for Experimental Nephrology, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula 18101, Israel.
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17
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Dai C, Hang Y, Shostak A, Poffenberger G, Hart N, Prasad N, Phillips N, Levy SE, Greiner DL, Shultz LD, Bottino R, Kim SK, Powers AC. Age-dependent human β cell proliferation induced by glucagon-like peptide 1 and calcineurin signaling. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3835-3844. [PMID: 28920919 DOI: 10.1172/jci91761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inadequate pancreatic β cell function underlies type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Strategies to expand functional cells have focused on discovering and controlling mechanisms that limit the proliferation of human β cells. Here, we developed an engraftment strategy to examine age-associated human islet cell replication competence and reveal mechanisms underlying age-dependent decline of β cell proliferation in human islets. We found that exendin-4 (Ex-4), an agonist of the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R), stimulates human β cell proliferation in juvenile but not adult islets. This age-dependent responsiveness does not reflect loss of GLP-1R signaling in adult islets, since Ex-4 treatment stimulated insulin secretion by both juvenile and adult human β cells. We show that the mitogenic effect of Ex-4 requires calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling. In juvenile islets, Ex-4 induced expression of calcineurin/NFAT signaling components as well as target genes for proliferation-promoting factors, including NFATC1, FOXM1, and CCNA1. By contrast, expression of these factors in adult islet β cells was not affected by Ex-4 exposure. These studies reveal age-dependent signaling mechanisms regulating human β cell proliferation, and identify elements that could be adapted for therapeutic expansion of human β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Dai
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yan Hang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Alena Shostak
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Greg Poffenberger
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nathaniel Hart
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nripesh Prasad
- Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Neil Phillips
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shawn E Levy
- Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Dale L Greiner
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Rita Bottino
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Seung K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford California, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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18
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Dean ED, Li M, Prasad N, Wisniewski SN, Von Deylen A, Spaeth J, Maddison L, Botros A, Sedgeman LR, Bozadjieva N, Ilkayeva O, Coldren A, Poffenberger G, Shostak A, Semich MC, Aamodt KI, Phillips N, Yan H, Bernal-Mizrachi E, Corbin JD, Vickers KC, Levy SE, Dai C, Newgard C, Gu W, Stein R, Chen W, Powers AC. Interrupted Glucagon Signaling Reveals Hepatic α Cell Axis and Role for L-Glutamine in α Cell Proliferation. Cell Metab 2017; 25:1362-1373.e5. [PMID: 28591638 PMCID: PMC5572896 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Decreasing glucagon action lowers the blood glucose and may be useful therapeutically for diabetes. However, interrupted glucagon signaling leads to α cell proliferation. To identify postulated hepatic-derived circulating factor(s) responsible for α cell proliferation, we used transcriptomics/proteomics/metabolomics in three models of interrupted glucagon signaling and found that proliferation of mouse, zebrafish, and human α cells was mTOR and FoxP transcription factor dependent. Changes in hepatic amino acid (AA) catabolism gene expression predicted the observed increase in circulating AAs. Mimicking these AA levels stimulated α cell proliferation in a newly developed in vitro assay with L-glutamine being a critical AA. α cell expression of the AA transporter Slc38a5 was markedly increased in mice with interrupted glucagon signaling and played a role in α cell proliferation. These results indicate a hepatic α islet cell axis where glucagon regulates serum AA availability and AAs, especially L-glutamine, regulate α cell proliferation and mass via mTOR-dependent nutrient sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Danielle Dean
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mingyu Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Nripesh Prasad
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Scott N Wisniewski
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alison Von Deylen
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jason Spaeth
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lisette Maddison
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anthony Botros
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Leslie R Sedgeman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nadejda Bozadjieva
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Anastasia Coldren
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Greg Poffenberger
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alena Shostak
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael C Semich
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kristie I Aamodt
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Neil Phillips
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hai Yan
- REMD Biotherapeutics, Camarillo, CA 93012, USA
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Jackie D Corbin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shawn E Levy
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Chunhua Dai
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Christopher Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Roland Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
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19
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Dai C, Kayton NS, Shostak A, Poffenberger G, Cyphert HA, Aramandla R, Thompson C, Papagiannis IG, Emfinger C, Shiota M, Stafford JM, Greiner DL, Herrera PL, Shultz LD, Stein R, Powers AC. Stress-impaired transcription factor expression and insulin secretion in transplanted human islets. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1857-70. [PMID: 27064285 DOI: 10.1172/jci83657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and progressive β cell dysfunction. Excess glucose and lipid impair β cell function in islet cell lines, cultured rodent and human islets, and in vivo rodent models. Here, we examined the mechanistic consequences of glucotoxic and lipotoxic conditions on human islets in vivo and developed and/or used 3 complementary models that allowed comparison of the effects of hyperglycemic and/or insulin-resistant metabolic stress conditions on human and mouse islets, which responded quite differently to these challenges. Hyperglycemia and/or insulin resistance impaired insulin secretion only from human islets in vivo. In human grafts, chronic insulin resistance decreased antioxidant enzyme expression and increased superoxide and amyloid formation. In human islet grafts, expression of transcription factors NKX6.1 and MAFB was decreased by chronic insulin resistance, but only MAFB decreased under chronic hyperglycemia. Knockdown of NKX6.1 or MAFB expression in a human β cell line recapitulated the insulin secretion defect seen in vivo. Contrary to rodent islet studies, neither insulin resistance nor hyperglycemia led to human β cell proliferation or apoptosis. These results demonstrate profound differences in how excess glucose or lipid influence mouse and human insulin secretion and β cell activity and show that reduced expression of key islet-enriched transcription factors is an important mediator of glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity.
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20
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Brissova M, Shostak A, Fligner CL, Revetta FL, Washington MK, Powers AC, Hull RL. Human Islets Have Fewer Blood Vessels than Mouse Islets and the Density of Islet Vascular Structures Is Increased in Type 2 Diabetes. J Histochem Cytochem 2015. [PMID: 26216139 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415573324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and rodent islets differ substantially in several features, including architecture, cell composition, gene expression and some aspects of insulin secretion. Mouse pancreatic islets are highly vascularized with interactions between islet endothelial and endocrine cells being important for islet cell differentiation and function. To determine whether human islets have a similar high degree of vascularization and whether this is altered with diabetes, we examined the vascularization of islets from normal human subjects, subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and normal mice. Using an integrated morphometry approach to quantify intra-islet capillary density in human and mouse pancreatic sections, we found that human islets have five-fold fewer vessels per islet area than mouse islets. Islets in pancreatic sections from T2D subjects showed capillary thickening, some capillary fragmentation and had increased vessel density as compared with non-diabetic controls. These changes in islet vasculature in T2D islets appeared to be associated with amyloid deposition, which was noted in islets from 8/9 T2D subjects (and occupied 14% ± 4% of islet area), especially around the intra-islet capillaries. The physiological implications of the differences in the angioarchitecture of mouse and human islets are not known. Islet vascular changes in T2D may exacerbate β cell/islet dysfunction and β cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville Medical Center, Tennessee (MB, AS, ACP)
| | - Alena Shostak
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville Medical Center, Tennessee (MB, AS, ACP)
| | - Corinne L Fligner
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (CLF)
| | - Frank L Revetta
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (FLR, MKW)
| | - Mary K Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (FLR, MKW)
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville Medical Center, Tennessee (MB, AS, ACP),Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (ACP),VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee (ACP)
| | - Rebecca L Hull
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (FLR, MKW),Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (RLH)
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gotloib
- Department of Nephrology and Kornach Laboratory for Experimental Nephrology, Central Emek Hospital, Afula, Israel
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22
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Kayton NS, Poffenberger G, Henske J, Dai C, Thompson C, Aramandla R, Shostak A, Nicholson W, Brissova M, Bush WS, Powers AC. Human islet preparations distributed for research exhibit a variety of insulin-secretory profiles. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E592-602. [PMID: 25648831 PMCID: PMC4385877 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00437.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human islet research is providing new insights into human islet biology and diabetes, using islets isolated at multiple US centers from donors with varying characteristics. This creates challenges for understanding, interpreting, and integrating research findings from the many laboratories that use these islets. In what is, to our knowledge, the first standardized assessment of human islet preparations from multiple isolation centers, we measured insulin secretion from 202 preparations isolated at 15 centers over 11 years and noted five distinct patterns of insulin secretion. Approximately three quarters were appropriately responsive to stimuli, but one quarter were dysfunctional, with unstable basal insulin secretion and/or an impairment in stimulated insulin secretion. Importantly, the patterns of insulin secretion by responsive human islet preparations (stable Baseline and Fold stimulation of insulin secretion) isolated at different centers were similar and improved slightly over the years studied. When all preparations studied were considered, basal and stimulated insulin secretion did not correlate with isolation center, biological differences of the islet donor, or differences in isolation, such as Cold Ischemia Time. Dysfunctional islet preparations could not be predicted from the information provided by the isolation center and had altered expression of genes encoding components of the glucose-sensing pathway, but not of insulin production or cell death. These results indicate that insulin secretion by most preparations from multiple centers is similar but that in vitro responsiveness of human islets cannot be predicted, necessitating preexperimental human islet assessment. These results should be considered when one is designing, interpreting, and integrating experiments using human islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora S Kayton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gregory Poffenberger
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Joseph Henske
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Chunhua Dai
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Courtney Thompson
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Radhika Aramandla
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alena Shostak
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wendell Nicholson
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - William S Bush
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
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Brissova M, Aamodt K, Brahmachary P, Prasad N, Hong JY, Dai C, Mellati M, Shostak A, Poffenberger G, Aramandla R, Levy SE, Powers AC. Islet microenvironment, modulated by vascular endothelial growth factor-A signaling, promotes β cell regeneration. Cell Metab 2014; 19:498-511. [PMID: 24561261 PMCID: PMC4012856 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet endocrine cell and endothelial cell (EC) interactions mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) signaling are important for islet differentiation and the formation of highly vascularized islets. To dissect how VEGF-A signaling modulates intra-islet vasculature, islet microenvironment, and β cell mass, we transiently increased VEGF-A production by β cells. VEGF-A induction dramatically increased the number of intra-islet ECs but led to β cell loss. After withdrawal of the VEGF-A stimulus, β cell mass, function, and islet structure normalized as a result of a robust, but transient, burst in proliferation of pre-existing β cells. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (MΦs) recruited to the site of β cell injury were crucial for the β cell proliferation, which was independent of pancreatic location and circulating factors such as glucose. Identification of the signals responsible for the proliferation of adult, terminally differentiated β cells will improve strategies aimed at β cell regeneration and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Kristie Aamodt
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Priyanka Brahmachary
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nripesh Prasad
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA; Department of Biology, University of Alabama, Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Ji-Young Hong
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Chunhua Dai
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mahnaz Mellati
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alena Shostak
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Greg Poffenberger
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Radhika Aramandla
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shawn E Levy
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
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Reinert RB, Brissova M, Shostak A, Pan FC, Poffenberger G, Cai Q, Hundemer GL, Kantz J, Thompson CS, Dai C, McGuinness OP, Powers AC. Vascular endothelial growth factor-a and islet vascularization are necessary in developing, but not adult, pancreatic islets. Diabetes 2013; 62:4154-64. [PMID: 23884891 PMCID: PMC3837071 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic islets are highly vascularized mini-organs, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A is a critical factor in the development of islet vascularization. To investigate the role of VEGF-A and endothelial cells (ECs) in adult islets, we used complementary genetic approaches to temporally inactivate VEGF-A in developing mouse pancreatic and islet progenitor cells or in adult β-cells. Inactivation of VEGF-A early in development dramatically reduced pancreatic and islet vascularization, leading to reduced β-cell proliferation in both developing and adult islets and, ultimately, reduced β-cell mass and impaired glucose clearance. When VEGF-A was inactivated in adult β-cells, islet vascularization was reduced twofold. Surprisingly, even after 3 months of reduced islet vascularization, islet architecture and β-cell gene expression, mass, and function were preserved with only a minimal abnormality in glucose clearance. These data show that normal pancreatic VEGF-A expression is critical for the recruitment of ECs and the subsequent stimulation of endocrine cell proliferation during islet development. In contrast, although VEGF-A is required for maintaining the specialized vasculature observed in normal adult islets, adult β-cells can adapt and survive long-term reductions in islet vascularity. These results indicate that VEGF-A and islet vascularization have a lesser role in adult islet function and β-cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel B. Reinert
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alena Shostak
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Fong Cheng Pan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Greg Poffenberger
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Qing Cai
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gregory L. Hundemer
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeannelle Kantz
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Courtney S. Thompson
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Chunhua Dai
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Owen P. McGuinness
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alvin C. Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
- Corresponding author: Alvin C. Powers,
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Dai C, Brissova M, Reinert RB, Nyman L, Liu EH, Thompson C, Shostak A, Shiota M, Takahashi T, Powers AC. Pancreatic islet vasculature adapts to insulin resistance through dilation and not angiogenesis. Diabetes 2013; 62:4144-53. [PMID: 23630302 PMCID: PMC3837044 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic islets adapt to insulin resistance through a complex set of changes, including β-cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy. To determine if islet vascularization changes in response to insulin resistance, we investigated three independent models of insulin resistance: ob/ob, GLUT4(+/-), and mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Intravital blood vessel labeling and immunocytochemistry revealed a vascular plasticity in which islet vessel area was significantly increased, but intraislet vessel density was decreased as the result of insulin resistance. These vascular changes were independent of islet size and were only observed within the β-cell core but not in the islet periphery. Intraislet endothelial cell fenestration, proliferation, and islet angiogenic factor/receptor expression were unchanged in insulin-resistant compared with control mice, indicating that islet capillary expansion is mediated by dilation of preexisting vessels and not by angiogenesis. We propose that the islet capillary dilation is modulated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase via complementary signals derived from β-cells, parasympathetic nerves, and increased islet blood flow. These compensatory changes in islet vascularization may influence whether β-cells can adequately respond to insulin resistance and prevent the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Dai
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rachel B. Reinert
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lara Nyman
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eric H. Liu
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Courtney Thompson
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alena Shostak
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Masakazu Shiota
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Takamune Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alvin C. Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
- Corresponding author: Alvin C. Powers,
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Leliavski A, Shostak A, Husse J, Oster H. Hypocortisolism and impaired stress responses in Bmal1-deficient mice. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1359448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Cai Q, Brissova M, Reinert RB, Pan FC, Brahmachary P, Jeansson M, Shostak A, Radhika A, Poffenberger G, Quaggin SE, Jerome WG, Dumont DJ, Powers AC. Enhanced expression of VEGF-A in β cells increases endothelial cell number but impairs islet morphogenesis and β cell proliferation. Dev Biol 2012; 367:40-54. [PMID: 22546694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a reciprocal interaction between pancreatic islet cells and vascular endothelial cells (EC) in which EC-derived signals promote islet cell differentiation and islet development while islet cell-derived angiogenic factors promote EC recruitment and extensive islet vascularization. To examine the role of angiogenic factors in the coordinated development of islets and their associated vessels, we used a "tet-on" inducible system (mice expressing rat insulin promoter-reverse tetracycline activator transgene and a tet-operon-angiogenic factor transgene) to increase the β cell production of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), or angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) during islet cell differentiation and islet development. In VEGF-A overexpressing embryos, ECs began to accumulate around epithelial tubes residing in the central region of the developing pancreas (associated with endocrine cells) as early as embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) and increased dramatically by E16.5. While α and β cells formed islet cell clusters in control embryos at E16.5, the increased EC population perturbed endocrine cell differentiation and islet cell clustering in VEGF-A overexpressing embryos. With continued overexpression of VEGF-A, α and β cells became scattered, remained adjacent to ductal structures, and never coalesced into islets, resulting in a reduction in β cell proliferation and β cell mass at postnatal day 1. A similar impact on islet morphology was observed when VEGF-A was overexpressed in β cells during the postnatal period. In contrast, increased expression of Ang1 or Ang2 in β cells in developing or adult islets did not alter islet differentiation, development, or morphology, but altered islet EC ultrastructure. These data indicate that (1) increased EC number does not promote, but actually impairs β cell proliferation and islet formation; (2) the level of VEGF-A production by islet endocrine cells is critical for islet vascularization during development and postnatally; (3) angiopoietin-Tie2 signaling in endothelial cells does not have a crucial role in the development or maintenance of islet vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cai
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Dai C, Brissova M, Hang Y, Thompson C, Poffenberger G, Shostak A, Chen Z, Stein R, Powers AC. Islet-enriched gene expression and glucose-induced insulin secretion in human and mouse islets. Diabetologia 2012; 55:707-18. [PMID: 22167125 PMCID: PMC3268985 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Our understanding of the transcription factors that control the development and function of rodent islet beta cells is advancing rapidly, yet less is known of the role they play in similar processes in human islets. METHODS To characterise the abundance and regulation of key proteins involved in glucose-regulated insulin secretion in human islets, we examined the expression of MAFA, MAFB, GLUT2 (also known as SLC2A2), βGK (also known as GCK) and PDX1 in isolated, highly purified human islets with an intact insulin secretory pattern. We also assessed these features in islets from two different mouse strains (C57BL/6J and FVB). RESULTS Compared with mouse islets, human islets secreted more insulin at baseline glucose (5.6 mmol/l), but less upon stimulation with high glucose (16.7 mmol/l) or high glucose plus 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine. Human islets had relatively more MAFB than PDX1 mRNA, while mouse islets had relatively more Pdx1 than Mafb mRNA. However, v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homologue (MAF) B protein was found in human islet alpha and beta cells. This is unusual as this regulator is only produced in islet alpha cells in adult mice. The expression of insulin, MAFA, βGK and PDX1 was not glucose-regulated in human islets with an intact insulin secretory pattern. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that human islets have a distinctive distribution and function of key regulators of the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion pathway, emphasising the urgent need to understand the processes that regulate human islet beta cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Dai
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, 7435 MRBIV, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - M. Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, 7435 MRBIV, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Y. Hang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - C. Thompson
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, 7435 MRBIV, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - G. Poffenberger
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, 7435 MRBIV, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - A. Shostak
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, 7435 MRBIV, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Z. Chen
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, 7435 MRBIV, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - R. Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - A. C. Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, 7435 MRBIV, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN USA
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Wicksteed B, Brissova M, Yan W, Opland DM, Plank JL, Reinert RB, Dickson LM, Tamarina NA, Philipson LH, Shostak A, Bernal-Mizrachi E, Elghazi L, Roe MW, Labosky PA, Myers MG, Gannon M, Powers AC, Dempsey PJ. Conditional gene targeting in mouse pancreatic ß-Cells: analysis of ectopic Cre transgene expression in the brain. Diabetes 2010; 59:3090-8. [PMID: 20802254 PMCID: PMC2992770 DOI: 10.2337/db10-0624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conditional gene targeting has been extensively used for in vivo analysis of gene function in β-cell biology. The objective of this study was to examine whether mouse transgenic Cre lines, used to mediate β-cell- or pancreas-specific recombination, also drive Cre expression in the brain. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Transgenic Cre lines driven by Ins1, Ins2, and Pdx1 promoters were bred to R26R reporter strains. Cre activity was assessed by β-galactosidase or yellow fluorescent protein expression in the pancreas and the brain. Endogenous Pdx1 gene expression was monitored using Pdx1(tm1Cvw) lacZ knock-in mice. Cre expression in β-cells and co-localization of Cre activity with orexin-expressing and leptin-responsive neurons within the brain was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS All transgenic Cre lines examined that used the Ins2 promoter to drive Cre expression showed widespread Cre activity in the brain, whereas Cre lines that used Pdx1 promoter fragments showed more restricted Cre activity primarily within the hypothalamus. Immunohistochemical analysis of the hypothalamus from Tg(Pdx1-cre)(89.1Dam) mice revealed Cre activity in neurons expressing orexin and in neurons activated by leptin. Tg(Ins1-Cre/ERT)(1Lphi) mice were the only line that lacked Cre activity in the brain. CONCLUSIONS Cre-mediated gene manipulation using transgenic lines that express Cre under the control of the Ins2 and Pdx1 promoters are likely to alter gene expression in nutrient-sensing neurons. Therefore, data arising from the use of these transgenic Cre lines must be interpreted carefully to assess whether the resultant phenotype is solely attributable to alterations in the islet β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barton Wicksteed
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Corresponding authors: Barton Wicksteed, ; Alvin C. Powers, ; and Peter J. Dempsey,
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wenbo Yan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Darren M. Opland
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jennifer L. Plank
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rachel B. Reinert
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lorna M. Dickson
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Natalia A. Tamarina
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Louis H. Philipson
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alena Shostak
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lynda Elghazi
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael W. Roe
- Departments of Medicine, Cell and Developmental Biology, the State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York; and the
| | - Patricia A. Labosky
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Martin G. Myers
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alvin C. Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
- Corresponding authors: Barton Wicksteed, ; Alvin C. Powers, ; and Peter J. Dempsey,
| | - Peter J. Dempsey
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Corresponding authors: Barton Wicksteed, ; Alvin C. Powers, ; and Peter J. Dempsey,
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Brissova M, Shostak A, Shiota M, Wiebe PO, Poffenberger G, Kantz J, Chen Z, Carr C, Jerome WG, Chen J, Baldwin HS, Nicholson W, Bader DM, Jetton T, Gannon M, Powers AC. Pancreatic islet production of vascular endothelial growth factor--a is essential for islet vascularization, revascularization, and function. Diabetes 2006; 55:2974-85. [PMID: 17065333 DOI: 10.2337/db06-0690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To investigate molecular mechanisms controlling islet vascularization and revascularization after transplantation, we examined pancreatic expression of three families of angiogenic factors and their receptors in differentiating endocrine cells and adult islets. Using intravital lectin labeling, we demonstrated that development of islet microvasculature and establishment of islet blood flow occur concomitantly with islet morphogenesis. Our genetic data indicate that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A is a major regulator of islet vascularization and revascularization of transplanted islets. In spite of normal pancreatic insulin content and beta-cell mass, mice with beta-cell-reduced VEGF-A expression had impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. By vascular or diffusion delivery of beta-cell secretagogues to islets, we showed that reduced insulin output is not a result of beta-cell dysfunction but rather caused by vascular alterations in islets. Taken together, our data indicate that the microvasculature plays an integral role in islet function. Factors modulating VEGF-A expression may influence islet vascularity and, consequently, the amount of insulin delivered into the systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, 715 PRB, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Brissova M, Fowler M, Wiebe P, Shostak A, Shiota M, Radhika A, Lin PC, Gannon M, Powers AC. Intraislet endothelial cells contribute to revascularization of transplanted pancreatic islets. Diabetes 2004; 53:1318-25. [PMID: 15111502 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.53.5.1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is an emerging therapy for type 1 diabetes. To survive and function, transplanted islets must revascularize because islet isolation severs arterial and venous connections; the current paradigm is that islet revascularization originates from the transplant recipient. Because isolated islets retain intraislet endothelial cells, we determined whether these endothelial cells contribute to the revascularization using a murine model with tagged endothelial cells (lacZ knock-in to Flk-1/VEGFR2 gene) and using transplanted human islets. At 3-5 weeks after transplantation beneath the renal capsule, we found that islets were revascularized and that the transplant recipient vasculature indeed contributed to the revascularization process. Using the lacZ-tagged endothelial cell model, we found that intraislet endothelial cells not only survived after transplantation but became a functional part of revascularized islet graft. A similar contribution of intraislet endothelial cells was also seen with human islets transplanted into an immunodeficient mouse model. In the murine model, individual blood vessels within the islet graft consisted of donor or recipient endothelial cells or were a chimera of donor and recipient endothelial cells, indicating that both sources of endothelial cells contribute to the new vasculature. These observations suggest that interventions to activate, amplify, or sustain intraislet endothelial cells before and after transplantation may facilitate islet revascularization, enhance islet survival, and improve islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Brissova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Topczewska JM, Topczewski J, Shostak A, Kume T, Solnica-Krezel L, Hogan BL. The winged helix transcription factor Foxc1a is essential for somitogenesis in zebrafish. Genes Dev 2001; 15:2483-93. [PMID: 11562356 PMCID: PMC312789 DOI: 10.1101/gad.907401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies identified zebrafish foxc1a and foxc1b as homologs of the mouse forkhead gene, Foxc1. Both genes are transcribed in the unsegmented presomitic mesoderm (PSM), newly formed somites, adaxial cells, and head mesoderm. Here, we show that inhibiting synthesis of Foxc1a (but not Foxc1b) protein with two different morpholino antisense oligonucleotides blocks formation of morphological somites, segment boundaries, and segmented expression of genes normally transcribed in anterior and posterior somites and expression of paraxis implicated in somite epithelialization. Patterning of the anterior PSM is also affected, as judged by the absence of mesp-b, ephrinB2, and ephA4 expression, and the down-regulation of notch5 and notch6. In contrast, the expression of other genes, including mesp-a and papc, in the anterior of somite primordia, and the oscillating expression of deltaC and deltaD in the PSM appear normal. Nevertheless, this expression is apparently insufficient for the maturation of the presumptive somites to proceed to the stage when boundary formation occurs or for the maintenance of anterior/posterior patterning. Mouse embryos that are compound null mutants for Foxc1 and the closely related Foxc2 have no morphological somites and show abnormal expression of Notch signaling pathway genes in the anterior PSM. Therefore, zebrafish foxc1a plays an essential and conserved role in somite formation, regulating both the expression of paraxis and the A/P patterning of somite primordia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Topczewska
- Department of Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2175, USA
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Abstract
This study evaluates albuminuria and peritoneal permeability to albumin in control and diabetic rats, as well as in diabetic animals treated with subcutaneously injected aminoguanidine hydrochloride (Ag) (5 mg/100 g/day), during a follow-up period of 6 months. Aminoguanidine effectively prevented albuminuria and albumin extravasation in the mesenteric interstitial tissue (control, 0.43 +/- 0.11 microg EB/100 g of dry tissue, Ag, 0.60 +/- 0.44; untreated diabetic animals, 1.22 +/- 0.73; control and Ag group vs untreated diabetic rats, P < 0.001). Albumin D/P ratio of the aminoguanidine-exposed rats (0.017 +/- 0.011) was higher than that of controls (0.008 +/- 0.002), but significantly lower (P < 0.001) than values observed in the untreated group of animals (0.046 +/- 0.003). Administration of aminoguanidine preserved both submesothelial and subendothelial electronegative charges. For capillary basement membrane (BM), control at zero time, 32 +/- 4 AS/microm BM; control at 6 months, 33.4; aminoguanidine-treated rats, 35 +/- 2. For submesothelial BM, control at zero time, 33 +/- 3; control at 6 months, 32 +/- 3; aminoguanidine-treated rats, 35 +/- 3. Splitting and thickening of both basement membranes were not prevented by the therapeutic intervention. We conclude that the shielding effect of aminoguanidine upon the permselectivity capabilities of the endothelial and mesothelial monolayers appears to be connected, basically to the preservation of anionic fixed charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shostak
- Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Gotloib L, Shostak A, Wajsbrot V. Effects of osmotic agents upon the in vivo exposed mesothelial monolayer. Perit Dial Int 2001; 20 Suppl 2:S11-4. [PMID: 10911636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Gotloib
- Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mouse mesothelium exposed in vivo for 30 days to high glucose solutions develop morphological changes that characterize a population of cells near the end of their life span. METHODS The present study was designed to explore, in mesothelial cell imprints, whether these changes could derive from an early acceleration of the cell population life cycle in mice exposed for periods of up to 30 days to a 4.25% glucose fluid (236 mmol/L/L) prepared in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS). Three critical points of the cell's life cycle were evaluated: the G1 checkpoint [proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression], DNA synthesis ((3)H-thymidine incorporation), and the prevalence of mitosis. RESULTS Cell populations exposed to a high glucose concentration showed an initial acceleration of their life cycle, as sustained by a peak of mitosis at two hours, an early increase of DNA incorporation sustained during the first 24 hours, as well as a top level of PCNA expression after three to four hours. These significantly higher values, compared with the control animals treated with HBSS, collapsed after 24 hours and were nil after 30 days of exposure. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to a high glucose concentration induced an early and short-lived acceleration of the mesothelial cell cycle, and with a longer exposure this was followed by a depletion of the growth capabilities of the exposed monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shostak
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Fudin R, Jaichenko J, Shostak A, Bennett M, Gotloib L. Correction of uremic iron deficiency anemia in hemodialyzed patients: a prospective study. Nephron Clin Pract 2000; 79:299-305. [PMID: 9678430 DOI: 10.1159/000045053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective study was designed to evaluate the eventual correction of anemia and iron status in 39 iron-deficient uremics starting hemodialysis. Nine patients (control group) had no iron supplementation, 10 had oral ferrous iron, and 20 were treated with intravenous iron gluconate. Follow-up periods were 12 months for the control group and 26 months for patients treated with oral or intravenous iron. No patient was treated with erythropoietin. At zero time, all patients were anemic (Hb <78 g/l) and showed signs of severe iron deficiency, diagnosed on the basis of depleted bone marrow iron stores, reduced hemoglobin iron, and transferrin saturation <21%. The hemoglobin levels, observed in patients of the control and the oral iron groups at the end of the follow-up periods, were not significantly different from those detected at zero time. In contradistinction, patients treated with intravenous iron showed after 26 months of follow-up a significant increase of blood hemoglobin values, reaching a mean value of 126 g/l. So far, this evidence supports both the concept that iron absorption is compromised in chronic uremics and that the parenteral way is the more effective route for iron replacement in this specific group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fudin
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, 'Ha'Emek' Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Wajsbrot V, Shostak A, Gotloib L, Kushnier R. Biocompatibility of a glucose-free, acidic lactated solution for peritoneal dialysis evaluated by population analysis of mesothelium. Nephron Clin Pract 2000; 79:322-32. [PMID: 9678434 DOI: 10.1159/000045057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-enriched, racemic lactate buffered solutions for peritoneal dialysis induce a significant reduction of cell viability as well as a hypertrophic, senescent phenotype of the exposed monolayer. The present study was designed to verify whether the aforementioned changes resulted form the buffer, from the osmotic agent, or from a combined effect of both. Mice were acutely (2 h) and long-term (15 and 30 days) exposed to daily intraperitoneal injections of a racemic lactate, heat-sterilized, low-pH (5.2), glucose-free solution. Imprints of the monolayer were taken at the end of each time interval. The glucose-free lactated buffer used in the present study did not induce significant changes in density distribution, mean cell size, mean cytoplasmic surface area, prevalence of large cells, multinucleation, proportion of observed cells in mitosis, and cell viability. So far, the previously mentioned hypertrophic phenotype appears to derive from substantial alterations in the cell cycle of mesothelium exposed to high concentrations of glucose and/or advanced glycosylation end products and unrelated to lactate.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Wajsbrot
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, 'Ha'Emek' Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Gotloib L, Wajsbrot V, Shostak A, Kushnier R. Effect of hyperosmolality upon the mesothelial monolayer exposed in vivo and in situ to a mannitol-enriched dialysis solution. Nephron Clin Pract 2000; 81:301-9. [PMID: 10050085 DOI: 10.1159/000045297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies done using the in vivo mouse model of population analysis of mesothelium showed that dialysis solutions containing high concentrations of glucose induced the development of a hypertrophic phenotype. Since these changes were neither related to the low pH nor to the presence of lactate buffer, we hypothesized that the presence of glucose was at the origin of the observed alterations. Theoretical analysis of the problem points to three possible mechanisms: hyperosmolality; metabolic changes derived from the high-glucose concentration itself, and/or the presence of products derived from the nonenzymatic degradation of glucose. The present study was designed to demonstrate or rule out the eventual effect of hyperosmolality upon the monolayer, applying the in vivo mouse model of population analysis of mesothelium. For this purpose, morphometric observations made in mice injected once a day during 30 consecutive days with a filter-sterilized 4.25% solution of mannitol (233.29 mM) were compared with those seen in intact mice and in a previously reported group of animals exposed to heat-sterilized fluid, having an equimolar concentration of glucose (235.9 mM), and the same osmolality (486 mosm/l) and electrolyte concentrations. The main findings observed in the mannitol-treated mice during the period of exposure included increased cell size and cytoplasmic surface area, as well as decreased cell viability. The regenerative capabilities of the exposed mesothelium remained intact. After a recovery period of 7 days, the aforementioned parameters reverted to normal values. This pattern is significantly different from the hypertrophic, senescent and low regenerative phenotype observed in mice treated with the high-glucose concentration solution. We conclude that, at least in the in vivo and in situ setup, the detrimental effects of hyperosmolality alone upon the exposed mesothelium are quite limited and fully reversible within a recovery period of 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gotloib
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension and Kornach Laboratory for Experimental Nephrology, 'Ha'Emek' Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Shostak A, Gotloib L, Kushnier R, Wajsbrot V. Protective effect of pyruvate upon cultured mesothelial cells exposed to 2 mM hydrogen peroxide. Nephron Clin Pract 2000; 84:362-6. [PMID: 10754414 DOI: 10.1159/000045612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rat peritoneal mesothelial cells in culture have the capability of generating hydrogen peroxide. Exposure of these cells to glucose-enriched, lactated-buffered fluids for peritoneal dialysis significantly increases the production of H(2)O(2). Increased liberation of oxygen radicals also involves the risk of damaging the peritoneal membrane. Pyruvate being a natural oxidant scavenger abundantly present in mammalian cells, we hypothesized that its protective effects facing H(2)O(2) can eventually be of relevance for the mesothelial monolayer of patients on long-term peritoneal dialysis. So far, we designed an experimental study in which rat peritoneal mesothelial cells in culture were exposed to 2 mM H(2)O(2). Cell damage was estimated in terms of decreased capability of the mitochondrial dehydrogenases to reduce MTT. Addition of 2 mM sodium pyruvate to the medium prevented the negative effect of hydrogen peroxide. The MTT/protein values for the control group were 0.00357 +/- 0.00075. The ratio after exposure to 2 mM H(2)O(2) was 0. 00217 +/- 0.00028, whereas that detected in cells incubated in H(2)O(2) plus pyruvate was 0.00325 +/- 0.0082 (p < 0.05). These results indicate that pyruvate protected rat peritoneal mesothelial cells in culture against oxidant injury. These data are one more piece of evidence pointing at pyruvate as a potentially useful buffer for peritoneal dialysis solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shostak
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension and Research Center for Experimental Nephrology, Ha' Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Gotloib L, Shostak A, Wajsbrot V, Kushnier R. High glucose induces a hypertrophic, senescent mesothelial cell phenotype after long in vivo exposure. Nephron Clin Pract 1999; 82:164-73. [PMID: 10364709 DOI: 10.1159/000045393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies, done using our mouse model for population analysis of the mesothelium, showed evidence indicating that in vivo, long-term exposure (up to 30 days) of the peritoneum to high-glucose (4.25% D-glucose) concentration dialysis solutions resulted in a hypertrophic mesothelial phenotype characterized by increased cell surface area, multinucleation, low proliferative capabilities, reduced cell viability, and enhanced enzymatic activity. These elements that define a senescent population of cells were not related to the pH of the fluid and its osmolality, or to the presence of buffer lactate. The present study was designed to explore the adverse effects of a lactate-free, filter-sterilized, high-D-glucose concentration solution (4.25%) at normal pH and prepared in Hanks' buffered salt solution after 2 h, 15 and 30 days of once a day intraperitoneal injection. Analysis of our observations indicate that in vivo exposure of the mesothelium to a high-glucose concentration induced a decreased density of the cell population, made up by larger and multinucleated cells, the viability of which was significantly lower than that observed in intact unexposed mice. The prevalence of mitosis showed an early and short-lived acceleration (up to 3 days), followed by values near zero during the rest of the follow-up period. So far, the main effect of the high-glucose concentration appears to result not from a mechanism of cytotoxicity, but from a substantial change in the life cycle of the exposed cell population, leading to their premature senescence and death in apoptosis. We hypothesize that this outcome may well be mediated by sustained oxidative stress derived from both a reduced production of scavengers, as well as the increased generation of oxygen-reactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gotloib
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension and Kornach Laboratory for Experimental Nephrology, 'Ha'Emek' Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Jaichenko J, Fudin R, Shostak A, Gotloib L. Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with diabetic and nondiabetic chronic renal diseases: a need for reassessment. Nephron Clin Pract 1998; 80:367-8. [PMID: 9807055 DOI: 10.1159/000045206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the decreased permselectivity of the capillary wall and the resultant higher permeability to macromolecular anionic albumin in septic rats, by quantitative estimation of Evans blue-albumin complexes in interstitial tissue. Septic peritonitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of Escherichia coli-O6 KS H16. Twenty-four hours after induction of septic peritonitis, intact (healthy, noninoculated animals) and septic rats were perfused with 5 mL/Kg of a solution of Evans blue in normal saline (20 mg/mL in .9% NaCl). In septic rats, the interstitial concentration of Evans blue in mesentery, pancreas, and diaphragmatic muscle was significantly higher than that observed in intact animals. The present observations were made in the same experimental model of abdominal sepsis that showed a substantial reduction in the endothelial negative charge of the mesenteric, pancreatic, and diaphragmatic capillary beds. The evidence obtained from this experiment confirms that the loss of the permselective properties of capillary wall for macromolecular anionic albumin derives from a drastic reduction of its normally present and regularly distributed fixed electronegative charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shostak
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension and the Kornach Laboratory for Experimental Nephrology, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Kohan R, Frajewicki V, Ben-Ari J, Shostak A, Golan N, Gotloib L. Experimental use of raffinose as an osmotic agent for peritoneal dialysis. J Lab Clin Med 1998; 131:71-6. [PMID: 9452129 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2143(98)90079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Conventional glucose-based solutions for peritoneal dialysis fluids have been shown to raise problems of biocompatibility. We therefore evaluated the ultrafiltration capabilities of raffinose as an alternative osmotic agent in a non-uremic rat model. Animals were divided into four groups and injected intraperitoneally with solutions containing raffinose (4.5%, 345 mOsm/kg; 16.7%, 518 mOsm/kg) or glucose (1.5%, 346 mOsm/kg; 4.25%, 489 mOsm/kg). Data obtained from animals exposed to 16.7% raffinose were excluded because of precipitation of the osmotic agent. Low-osmolality raffinose solution induced higher ultrafiltered volume than the low-osmolality glucose-enriched fluid at 120 minutes of dwelling time. No significant differences were observed in effluent sodium and potassium concentration and protein dialysate-to-plasma (D/P) ratio. The D/P ratio of phosphate was higher in the low-osmolality raffinose-based fluid than in the low-osmolality glucose solution. The osmolality of the solutions was significantly decreased after a dwelling time of 120 minutes. We conclude that 4.5% raffinose is an effective osmotic agent. Total or partial replacement of glucose by raffinose for clinical peritoneal dialysis could be eventually considered after appropriate evaluation of its biocompatibility and general side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kohan
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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Frajewicki V, Kohan R, Shostak A, Gotloib L. Chronic Administration of Iron Dextran into the Peritoneal Cavity of Rats. Perit Dial Int 1997. [DOI: 10.1177/089686089701700619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Kohan
- Carmel Medical Center Haifa, Israel
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Frajewicki V, Kohan R, Shostak A, Gotloib L. Chronic administration of iron dextran into the peritoneal cavity of rats. ARCH ESP UROL 1997; 17:616-7. [PMID: 9655166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Gotloib L, Shostak A. The relevance of electric charge upon the transperitoneal passage of macromolecular plasma proteins. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1997; 12:621-2. [PMID: 9075161 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/12.3.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Gotloib L, Shostak A, Wajsbrot V. Detrimental effects of peritoneal dialysis solutions upon in vivo and in situ exposed mesothelium. ARCH ESP UROL 1997; 17 Suppl 2:S13-6. [PMID: 9163791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Gotloib
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Ha Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
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Abstract
This study was designed to examine whether rat peritoneal mesothelial cells in culture could generate hydrogen peroxide in different experimental conditions. Mesothelial cells, incubated in M-199, spontaneously released hydrogen peroxide. This process was significantly increased by addition of phorbol myristate acetate, as well as of superoxide dismutase to the medium, whereas it was substantially inhibited by catalase. Exposure of mesothelial cells to modified M-199 medium with 1.5% glucose concentration-lactated peritoneal dialysis solution did not seem to interfere either with the spontaneous release of hydrogen peroxide, or with that induced by phorbol myristate acetate. Furthermore, exposure of mesothelial cells to the glucose (4.25%) peritoneal dialysis solution in Medium M-199, was coincident with increased hydrogen peroxide generation, which was significantly higher than the spontaneous release, and not far from that observed with phorbol myristate acetate and superoxide dismutase. So far, it can be inferred from this evidence that peritoneal mesothelial cells in culture are not only endowed with the capability of producing hydrogen peroxide, but they can also be activated to do so in a way comparable to that observed in neutrophils and macrophages. This attribute is one more indication that mesothelial cells play a relevant role in the peritoneal mechanism of defense against infection. On the other hand, continuous exposure of mesothelial cells to glucose-enriched fluids, as occurs in clinical continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, may well also be at the origin of a process of continuous injury, resulting from an increased hydrogen peroxide generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shostak
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Central Emek Hospital, Afula, Israel
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Shostak A, Pivnik K, Gotloib L. Daily short exposure of cultured mesothelial cells to lactated, high-glucose, low-pH peritoneal dialysis fluid induces a low-profile regenerative steady state. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996; 11:608-13. [PMID: 8671847 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate cytotoxic effects and influence upon cell growth of cultured mesothelial cells exposed to modified 4.25% Dianeal dialysate fluid (M-199 in Dianeal solution, glucose 4.25 g, pH 5.2) (Expr. group), 60 min a day for a total period of follow-up of 13 consecutive days, compared with that observed in a control group (C). Beginning on day 7, the cell counts in group C were significantly higher than those observed at zero time (P < 0.05). Cell counts in the experimental group showed no significant differences between the first day of culture and each one of the 13 consecutive days of follow-up. Thymidine incorporation into DNA observed on the first day in C, was significantly higher (P < 0.01) beginning on the 10th day. Values observed in the experimental group were low during the whole period of follow-up. LDH mean values at each time interval, were significantly higher (P < 0.01 and < 0.001) for cells exposed to the dialysis solution. Repeated exposure of the mesothelium to 40 mMol/l lactate and high glucose concentrations induced severe cell injury and death, decreased cell growth and, consequently, a reduced rate of regeneration which is extended as long as the repeated exposure is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shostak
- Department of Nephrology, Central Emek Hospital, Afula, Israel
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50
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Gotloib L, Shostak A. Large mesothelial cells in peritoneal dialysis: a sign of degeneration or adaptation? Perit Dial Int 1996; 16:118-20. [PMID: 9147542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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