1
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Noto JM, Piazuelo MB, Romero-Gallo J, Delgado AG, Suarez G, Akritidou K, Girod Hoffman M, Roa JC, Taylor CT, Peek RM. Targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha suppresses Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric injury via attenuation of both cag-mediated microbial virulence and proinflammatory host responses. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2263936. [PMID: 37828903 PMCID: PMC10578190 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2263936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation is the strongest known risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) is a key transcriptional regulator of immunity and carcinogenesis. To examine the role of this mediator within the context of H. pylori-induced injury, we first demonstrated that HIF-1α levels were significantly increased in parallel with the severity of gastric lesions in humans. In interventional studies targeting HIF-1α, H. pylori-infected mice were treated ± dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor that stabilizes HIF-1α. H. pylori significantly increased proinflammatory chemokines/cytokines and inflammation in vehicle-treated mice; however, this was significantly attenuated in DMOG-treated mice. DMOG treatment also significantly decreased function of the H. pylori type IV secretion system (T4SS) in vivo and significantly reduced T4SS-mediated NF-κB activation and IL-8 induction in vitro. These results suggest that prolyl hydroxylase inhibition protects against H. pylori-mediated pathologic responses, and is mediated, in part, via attenuation of H. pylori cag-mediated virulence and suppression of host proinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Noto
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alberto G. Delgado
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Giovanni Suarez
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Center for Cancer Prevention and Control (CECAN), Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cormac T. Taylor
- School of Medicine, Systems Biology Ireland and The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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2
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Dooyema SD, Noto JM, Wroblewski LE, Piazuelo MB, Krishna U, Suarez G, Romero-Gallo J, Delgado AG, Peek RM. Helicobacter pylori actively suppresses innate immune nucleic acid receptors. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2105102. [PMID: 35905376 PMCID: PMC9341374 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2105102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic mucosal pathogens have evolved multiple strategies to manipulate the host immune response; consequently, microbes contribute to the development of >2 million cases of cancer/year. Gastric adenocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death and Helicobacter pylori confers the highest risk for this disease. Gastric innate immune effectors can either eliminate bacteria or mobilize adaptive immune responses including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and cytosolic DNA sensor/adaptor proteins (e.g., stimulator of interferon genes, STING). The H. pylori strain-specific cag type IV secretion system (T4SS) augments gastric cancer risk and translocates DNA into epithelial cells where it activates the microbial DNA sensor TLR9 and suppresses injury in vivo; however, the ability of H. pylori to suppress additional nucleic acid PRRs within the context of chronic gastric inflammation and injury remains undefined. In this study, in vitro and ex vivo experiments identified a novel mechanism through which H. pylori actively suppresses STING and RIG-I signaling via downregulation of IRF3 activation. In vivo, the use of genetically deficient mice revealed that Th17 inflammatory responses are heightened following H. pylori infection within the context of Sting deficiency in conjunction with increased expression of a known host immune regulator, Trim30a. This novel mechanism of immune suppression by H. pylori is likely a critical component of a finely tuned rheostat that not only regulates the initial innate immune response, but also drives chronic gastric inflammation and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D.R. Dooyema
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Microbe-Host Interactions Training Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Noto
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lydia E. Wroblewski
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Uma Krishna
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Giovanni Suarez
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alberto G. Delgado
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,CONTACT Richard M. Peek Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Gastroenterology, 2215 Garland Avenue, 1030C Medical Research Building IV, Nashville, TN37232, USA
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3
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Noto JM, Piazuelo MB, Shah SC, Romero-Gallo J, Hart JL, Di C, Carmichael JD, Delgado AG, Halvorson AE, Greevy RA, Wroblewski LE, Sharma A, Newton AB, Allaman MM, Wilson KT, Washington MK, Calcutt MW, Schey KL, Cummings BP, Flynn CR, Zackular JP, Peek RM. Iron deficiency linked to altered bile acid metabolism promotes Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation-driven gastric carcinogenesis. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e147822. [PMID: 35316215 PMCID: PMC9106351 DOI: 10.1172/jci147822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric carcinogenesis is mediated by complex interactions among Helicobacter pylori, host, and environmental factors. Here, we demonstrate that H. pylori augmented gastric injury in INS-GAS mice under iron-deficient conditions. Mechanistically, these phenotypes were not driven by alterations in the gastric microbiota; however, discovery-based and targeted metabolomics revealed that bile acids were significantly altered in H. pylori-infected mice with iron deficiency, with significant upregulation of deoxycholic acid (DCA), a carcinogenic bile acid. The severity of gastric injury was further augmented when H. pylori-infected mice were treated with DCA, and, in vitro, DCA increased translocation of the H. pylori oncoprotein CagA into host cells. Conversely, bile acid sequestration attenuated H. pylori-induced injury under conditions of iron deficiency. To translate these findings to human populations, we evaluated the association between bile acid sequestrant use and gastric cancer risk in a large human cohort. Among 416,885 individuals, a significant dose-dependent reduction in risk was associated with cumulative bile acid sequestrant use. Further, expression of the bile acid receptor transmembrane G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 5 (TGR5) paralleled the severity of carcinogenic lesions in humans. These data demonstrate that increased H. pylori-induced injury within the context of iron deficiency is tightly linked to altered bile acid metabolism, which may promote gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Noto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shailja C Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Chao Di
- Division of Protective Immunity, and
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James D Carmichael
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center Laboratory, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alberto G Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alese E Halvorson
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert A Greevy
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lydia E Wroblewski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ayushi Sharma
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Margaret M Allaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center Laboratory, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center Laboratory, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bethany P Cummings
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Charles R Flynn
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joseph P Zackular
- Division of Protective Immunity, and
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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4
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Gutiérrez-Escobar AJ, Velapatiño B, Borda V, Rabkin CS, Tarazona-Santos E, Cabrera L, Cok J, Hooper CC, Jahuira-Arias H, Herrera P, Noureen M, Wang D, Romero-Gallo J, Tran B, Peek RM, Berg DE, Gilman RH, Camargo MC. Identification of New Helicobacter pylori Subpopulations in Native Americans and Mestizos From Peru. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:601839. [PMID: 33381095 PMCID: PMC7767971 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.601839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Region-specific Helicobacter pylori subpopulations have been identified. It is proposed that the hspAmerind subpopulation is being displaced from the Americans by an hpEurope population following the conquest. Our study aimed to describe the genomes and methylomes of H. pylori isolates from distinct Peruvian communities: 23 strains collected from three groups of Native Americans (Asháninkas [ASHA, n = 9], Shimaas [SHIM, n = 5] from Amazonas, and Punos from the Andean highlands [PUNO, n = 9]) and 9 modern mestizos from Lima (LIM). Closed genomes and DNA modification calls were obtained using SMRT/PacBio sequencing. We performed evolutionary analyses and evaluated genomic/epigenomic differences among strain groups. We also evaluated human genome-wide data from 74 individuals from the selected Native communities (including the 23 H. pylori strains donors) to compare host and bacterial backgrounds. There were varying degrees of hspAmerind ancestry in all strains, ranging from 7% in LIM to 99% in SHIM. We identified three H. pylori subpopulations corresponding to each of the Native groups and a novel hspEuropePeru which evolved in the modern mestizos. The divergence of the indigenous H. pylori strains recapitulated the genetic structure of Native Americans. Phylogenetic profiling showed that Orthogroups in the indigenous strains seem to have evolved differentially toward epigenomic regulation and chromosome maintenance, whereas OGs in the modern mestizo (LIM) seem to have evolved toward virulence and adherence. The prevalence of cagA+/vacA s1i1m1 genotype was similar across populations (p = 0.32): 89% in ASHA, 67% in PUNO, 56% in LIM and 40% in SHIM. Both cagA and vacA sequences showed that LIM strains were genetically differentiated (p < 0.001) as compared to indigenous strains. We identified 642 R-M systems with 39% of the associated genes located in the core genome. We found 692 methylation motifs, including 254 population-specific sequences not previously described. In Peru, hspAmerind is not extinct, with traces found even in a heavily admixed mestizo population. Notably, our study identified three new hspAmerind subpopulations, one per Native group; and a new subpopulation among mestizos that we named hspEuropePeru. This subpopulation seems to have more virulence-related elements than hspAmerind. Purifying selection driven by variable host immune response may have shaped the evolution of Peruvian subpopulations, potentially impacting disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Billie Velapatiño
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Victor Borda
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica (LNCC/MCTIC), Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Charles S Rabkin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Eduardo Tarazona-Santos
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Jaime Cok
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Mehwish Noureen
- National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Life Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Japan
| | - Difei Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Bao Tran
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Douglas E Berg
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - M Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
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5
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Wroblewski LE, Choi E, Petersen C, Delgado AG, Piazuelo MB, Romero-Gallo J, Lantz TL, Zavros Y, Coffey RJ, Goldenring JR, Zemper AE, Peek RM. Targeted mobilization of Lrig1 + gastric epithelial stem cell populations by a carcinogenic Helicobacter pylori type IV secretion system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:19652-19658. [PMID: 31488717 PMCID: PMC6765285 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903798116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis is the strongest risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma, a malignancy preceded by a series of well-defined histological stages, including metaplasia. One microbial constituent that augments cancer risk is the cag type 4 secretion system (T4SS), which translocates the oncoprotein CagA into host cells. Aberrant stem cell activation is linked to carcinogenesis, and Lrig1 (leucine-rich repeats and Ig-like domains 1) marks a distinct population of progenitor cells. We investigated whether microbial effectors with carcinogenic potential influence Lrig1 progenitor cells ex vivo and via lineage expansion within H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa. Lineage tracing was induced in Lrig1-CreERT2/+;R26R-YFP/+ (Lrig1/YFP) mice that were uninfected or subsequently infected with cag+H. pylori or an isogenic cagE- mutant (nonfunctional T4SS). In contrast to infection with wild-type (WT) H. pylori for 2 wk, infection for 8 wk resulted in significantly increased inflammation and proliferation in the corpus and antrum compared with uninfected or mice infected with the cagE- mutant. WT H. pylori-infected mice harbored significantly higher numbers of Lrig1/YFP epithelial cells that coexpressed UEA1 (surface cell marker). The number of cells coexpressing intrinsic factor (chief cell marker), YFP (lineage marker), and GSII lectin (spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia marker) were increased only by WT H. pylori In human samples, Lrig1 expression was significantly increased in lesions with premalignant potential compared with normal mucosa or nonatrophic gastritis. In conclusion, chronic H. pylori infection stimulates Lrig1-expressing progenitor cells in a cag-dependent manner, and these reprogrammed cells give rise to a full spectrum of differentiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia E Wroblewski
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232;
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Nashville VA Medical Center, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN 37212
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Christine Petersen
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Alberto G Delgado
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Tyler L Lantz
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Yana Zavros
- Department of Pharmacology and System Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Nashville VA Medical Center, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN 37212
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - James R Goldenring
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Nashville VA Medical Center, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN 37212
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Anne E Zemper
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Richard M Peek
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232;
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
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6
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Ortiz V, Estevez-Ordonez D, Montalvan-Sanchez E, Urrutia-Argueta S, Israel D, Krishna US, Romero-Gallo J, Wilson KT, Peek RM, Dominguez R, Morgan DR. Helicobacter pylori antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic consumption in the low-resource Central America setting. Helicobacter 2019; 24:e12595. [PMID: 31111610 PMCID: PMC6619433 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where antibiotics are often obtained without a prescription. H. pylori antimicrobial resistance patterns are informative for patient care and gastric cancer prevention programs, have been shown to correlate with general antimicrobial consumption, and may guide antimicrobial stewardship programs in LMICs. We report H. pylori resistance and antimicrobial utilization patterns for western Honduras, representative of rural Central America. METHODS In the context of the western Honduras gastric cancer epidemiology initiative, gastric biopsies from 189 patients were studied for culture and resistance patterns. Antimicrobial utilization was investigated for common H. pylori treatment regimens from regional public (7 antimicrobials) and national private (4 antimicrobials) data, analyzed in accordance with WHO anatomical therapeutic chemical defined daily doses (DDD) method and expressed as DDD/1000 inhabitants per day (DID) and per year (DIY). RESULTS H. pylori was successfully cultured from 116 patients (56% males, mean age: 54), and nearly all strains were cagA+ and vacAs1m1+ positive (99% and 90.4%, respectively). Unexpectedly, high resistance was noted for levofloxacin (20.9%) and amoxicillin (10.7%), while metronidazole (67.9%) and clarithromycin (11.2%) were similar to data from Latin America. Significant associations with age, gender, or histology were not noted, with the exception of levofloxacin (28%, P = 0.01) in those with histology limited to non-atrophic gastritis. Total antimicrobial usage in western Honduras of amoxicillin (17.3 DID) and the quinolones had the highest relative utilizations compared with other representative nations. CONCLUSIONS We observed significant H. pylori resistance to amoxicillin and levofloxacin in the context of high community antimicrobial utilization. This has implications in Central America for H. pylori treatment guidelines as well as antimicrobial stewardship programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Ortiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University
| | - Dagoberto Estevez-Ordonez
- The Vanderbilt Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center;,School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | | | - Dawn Israel
- The Vanderbilt Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Uma S. Krishna
- The Vanderbilt Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- The Vanderbilt Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- The Vanderbilt Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Richard M. Peek
- The Vanderbilt Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | | | - Douglas R. Morgan
- The Vanderbilt Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center;,School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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7
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Noto JM, Rose KL, Hachey AJ, Delgado AG, Romero-Gallo J, Wroblewski LE, Schneider BG, Shah SC, Cover TL, Wilson KT, Israel DA, Roa JC, Schey KL, Zavros Y, Piazuelo MB, Peek RM. Carcinogenic Helicobacter pylori Strains Selectively Dysregulate the In Vivo Gastric Proteome, Which May Be Associated with Stomach Cancer Progression. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:352-371. [PMID: 30455363 PMCID: PMC6356085 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.001181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the strongest risk factor for gastric cancer. Initial interactions between H. pylori and its host originate at the microbial-gastric epithelial cell interface, and contact between H. pylori and gastric epithelium activates signaling pathways that drive oncogenesis. One microbial constituent that increases gastric cancer risk is the cag pathogenicity island, which encodes a type IV secretion system that translocates the effector protein, CagA, into host cells. We previously demonstrated that infection of Mongolian gerbils with a carcinogenic cag+H. pylori strain, 7.13, recapitulates many features of H. pylori-induced gastric cancer in humans. Therefore, we sought to define gastric proteomic changes induced by H. pylori that are critical for initiation of the gastric carcinogenic cascade. Gastric cell scrapings were harvested from H. pylori-infected and uninfected gerbils for quantitative proteomic analyses using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). Quantitative proteomic analysis of samples from two biological replicate experiments quantified a total of 2764 proteins, 166 of which were significantly altered in abundance by H. pylori infection. Pathway mapping identified significantly altered inflammatory and cancer-signaling pathways that included Rab/Ras signaling proteins. Consistent with the iTRAQ results, RABEP2 and G3BP2 were significantly up-regulated in vitro, ex vivo in primary human gastric monolayers, and in vivo in gerbil gastric epithelium following infection with H. pylori strain 7.13 in a cag-dependent manner. Within human stomachs, RABEP2 and G3BP2 expression in gastric epithelium increased in parallel with the severity of premalignant and malignant lesions and was significantly elevated in intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia, as well as gastric adenocarcinoma, compared with gastritis alone. These results indicate that carcinogenic strains of H. pylori induce dramatic and specific changes within the gastric proteome in vivo and that a subset of altered proteins within pathways with oncogenic potential may facilitate the progression of gastric carcinogenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Noto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kristie L Rose
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Amanda J Hachey
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alberto G Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lydia E Wroblewski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Barbara G Schneider
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shailja C Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Timothy L Cover
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;; Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee;; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;; Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee;; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dawn A Israel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kevin L Schey
- Department of Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yana Zavros
- Department of Pharmacology and System Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;.
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8
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Suarez G, Romero-Gallo J, Piazuelo MB, Sierra JC, Delgado AG, Washington MK, Shah SC, Wilson KT, Peek RM. Nod1 Imprints Inflammatory and Carcinogenic Responses toward the Gastric Pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1600-1611. [PMID: 30696658 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the strongest known risk for gastric cancer. The H. pylori cag type IV secretion system is an oncogenic locus that translocates peptidoglycan into host cells, where it is recognized by NOD1, an innate immune receptor. Beyond this, the role of NOD1 in H. pylori-induced cancer remains undefined. To address this knowledge gap, we infected two genetic models of Nod1 deficiency with the H. pylori cag + strain PMSS1: C57BL/6 mice, which rarely develop cancer, and INS-GAS FVB/N mice, which commonly develop cancer. Infected C57BL/6 Nod1-/- and INS-GAS Nod1-/- mice acutely developed more severe gastritis, and INS-GAS Nod1-/- mice developed gastric dysplasia more frequently compared with Nod1+/+ mice. Because Nod1 genotype status did not alter microbial phenotypes of in vivo-adapted H. pylori, we investigated host immunologic responses. H. pylori infection of Nod1-/- mice led to significantly increased gastric mucosal levels of Th1, Th17, and Th2 cytokines compared with Nod1 wild-type (WT) mice. To define the role of specific innate immune cells, we quantified cytokine secretion from H. pylori-infected primary gastric organoids generated from WT or Nod1-/- mice that were cocultured with or without WT or Nod1-/- macrophages. Infection increased cytokine production from gastric epithelial cells and macrophages and elevations were significantly increased with Nod1 deficiency. Furthermore, H. pylori infection altered the polarization status of Nod1-/- macrophages compared with Nod1+/+ macrophages. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that loss of Nod1 augments inflammatory and injury responses to H. pylori. Nod1 may exert its restrictive role by altering macrophage polarization, leading to immune evasion and microbial persistence. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest that manipulation of NOD1 may represent a novel strategy to prevent or treat pathologic outcomes induced by H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Suarez
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Maria B Piazuelo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Johanna C Sierra
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alberto G Delgado
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shailja C Shah
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard M Peek
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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9
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Noto JM, Chopra A, Loh JT, Romero-Gallo J, Piazuelo MB, Watson M, Leary S, Beckett AC, Wilson KT, Cover TL, Mallal S, Israel DA, Peek RM. Pan-genomic analyses identify key Helicobacter pylori pathogenic loci modified by carcinogenic host microenvironments. Gut 2018; 67:1793-1804. [PMID: 28924022 PMCID: PMC5857411 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-313863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Helicobacter pylori is the strongest risk factor for gastric cancer; however, the majority of infected individuals do not develop disease. Pathological outcomes are mediated by complex interactions among bacterial, host and environmental constituents, and two dietary factors linked with gastric cancer risk are iron deficiency and high salt. We hypothesised that prolonged adaptation of H. pylori to in vivo carcinogenic microenvironments results in genetic modification important for disease. DESIGN Whole genome sequencing of genetically related H. pylori strains that differ in virulence and targeted H. pylori sequencing following prolonged exposure of bacteria to in vitro carcinogenic conditions were performed. RESULTS A total of 180 unique single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified among the collective genomes when compared with a reference H. pylori genome. Importantly, common SNPs were identified in isolates harvested from iron-depleted and high salt carcinogenic microenvironments, including an SNP within fur (FurR88H). To investigate the direct role of low iron and/or high salt, H. pylori was continuously cultured in vitro under low iron or high salt conditions to assess fur genetic variation. Exposure to low iron or high salt selected for the FurR88H variant after only 5 days. To extend these results, fur was sequenced in 339 clinical H. pylori strains. Among the isolates examined, 17% (40/232) of strains isolated from patients with premalignant lesions harboured the FurR88H variant, compared with only 6% (6/107) of strains from patients with non-atrophic gastritis alone (p=0.0034). CONCLUSION These results indicate that specific genetic variation arises within H. pylori strains during in vivo adaptation to conditions conducive for gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Noto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Abha Chopra
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - John T Loh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mark Watson
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Shay Leary
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Amber C Beckett
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Timothy L Cover
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Simon Mallal
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dawn A Israel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard M Peek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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10
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Shao L, Chen Z, Soutto M, Zhu S, Lu H, Romero-Gallo J, Peek R, Zhang S, El-Rifai W. Helicobacter pylori-induced miR-135b-5p promotes cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer. FASEB J 2018; 33:264-274. [PMID: 29985646 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701456rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is a major risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. Aberrant expression of microRNAs is strongly implicated in gastric tumorigenesis; however, their contribution in response to H. pylori infection has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the expression of miR-135b-5p and its role in gastric cancer. We describe the overexpression of miR-135b-5p in human gastric cancer tissue samples compared with normal tissue samples. Furthermore, we found that miR-135b-5p is also up-regulated in gastric tumors from the trefoil factor 1-knockout mouse model. Infection with H. pylori induced the expression of miR-135b-5p in the in vitro and in vivo models. miR-135b-5p induction was mediated by NF-κB. Treatment of gastric cancer cells with TNF-α induced miR-135b-5p in a NF-κB-dependent manner. Mechanistically, we found that miR-135b-5p targets Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and binds to its 3' UTR, leading to reduced KLF4 expression. Functionally, high levels of miR-135b-5p suppress apoptosis and induce cisplatin resistance. Our results uncovered a mechanistic link between H. pylori infection and miR-135b-5p-KLF4, suggesting that targeting miR-135b-5p could be a potential therapeutic approach to circumvent resistance to cisplatin.-Shao, L., Chen, Z., Soutto, M., Zhu, S., Lu, H., Romero-Gallo, J., Peek, R., Zhang, S., El-Rifai, W. Helicobacter pylori-induced miR-135b-5p promotes cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; and
| | - Mohammed Soutto
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Shoumin Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; and
| | - Heng Lu
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; and
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hematology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hematology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; and
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11
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Mera RM, Bravo LE, Camargo MC, Bravo JC, Delgado AG, Romero-Gallo J, Yepez MC, Realpe JL, Schneider BG, Morgan DR, Peek RM, Correa P, Wilson KT, Piazuelo MB. Dynamics of Helicobacter pylori infection as a determinant of progression of gastric precancerous lesions: 16-year follow-up of an eradication trial. Gut 2018; 67:1239-1246. [PMID: 28647684 PMCID: PMC5742304 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-311685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term effect of cumulative time exposed to Helicobacter pylori infection on the progression of gastric lesions. DESIGN 795 adults with precancerous gastric lesions were randomised to receive anti-H. pylori treatment at baseline. Gastric biopsies were obtained at baseline and at 3, 6, 12 and 16 years. A total of 456 individuals attended the 16-year visit. Cumulative time of H. pylori exposure was calculated as the number of years infected during follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the risk of progression to a more advanced diagnosis (versus no change/regression) as well as gastric cancer risk by intestinal metaplasia (IM) subtype. For a more detailed analysis of progression, we also used a histopathology score assessing both severity and extension of the gastric lesions (range 1-6). The score difference between baseline and 16 years was modelled by generalised linear models. RESULTS Individuals who were continuously infected with H. pylori for 16 years had a higher probability of progression to a more advanced diagnosis than those who cleared the infection and remained negative after baseline (p=0.001). Incomplete-type IM was associated with higher risk of progression to cancer than complete-type (OR, 11.3; 95% CI 1.4 to 91.4). The average histopathology score increased by 0.20 units/year (95% CI 0.12 to 0.28) among individuals continuously infected with H. pylori. The effect of cumulative time of infection on progression in the histopathology score was significantly higher for individuals with atrophy (without IM) than for individuals with IM (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to H. pylori infection was associated with progression of precancerous lesions. Individuals infected with H. pylori with these lesions may benefit from eradication, particularly those with atrophic gastritis without IM. Incomplete-type IM may be a useful marker for the identification of individuals at higher risk for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robertino M Mera
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Luis E Bravo
- Department of Pathology, Universidad del Valle School of Medicine, Cali, Colombia
| | - M Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Juan C Bravo
- Department of Pathology, Universidad del Valle School of Medicine, Cali, Colombia
| | - Alberto G Delgado
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maria C Yepez
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia
| | - José L Realpe
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto, Colombia
| | - Barbara G Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Douglas R Morgan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard M Peek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Pelayo Correa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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12
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Sierra JC, Asim M, Verriere TG, Piazuelo MB, Suarez G, Romero-Gallo J, Delgado AG, Wroblewski LE, Barry DP, Peek RM, Gobert AP, Wilson KT. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition downregulates Helicobacter pylori-induced epithelial inflammatory responses, DNA damage and gastric carcinogenesis. Gut 2018; 67:1247-1260. [PMID: 28473630 PMCID: PMC5671361 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide and infection by Helicobacter pylori is the strongest risk factor. We have reported increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation in the H. pylori-induced human carcinogenesis cascade, and association with DNA damage. Our goal was to determine the role of EGFR activation in gastric carcinogenesis. DESIGN We evaluated gefitinib, a specific EGFR inhibitor, in chemoprevention of H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation and cancer development. Mice with genetically targeted epithelial cell-specific deletion of Egfr (EfgrΔepi mice) were also used. RESULTS In C57BL/6 mice, gefitinib decreased Cxcl1 and Cxcl2 expression by gastric epithelial cells, myeloperoxidase-positive inflammatory cells in the mucosa and epithelial DNA damage induced by H. pylori infection. Similar reductions in chemokines, inflammatory cells and DNA damage occurred in infected EgfrΔepi versus Egfrfl/fl control mice. In H. pylori-infected transgenic insulin-gastrin (INS-GAS) mice and gerbils, gefitinib treatment markedly reduced dysplasia and carcinoma. Gefitinib blocked H. pylori-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/3 (MAPK1/3) and activator protein 1 in gastric epithelial cells, resulting in inhibition of chemokine synthesis. MAPK1/3 phosphorylation and JUN activation was reduced in gastric tissues from infected wild-type and INS-GAS mice treated with gefitinib and in primary epithelial cells from EfgrΔepi versus Egfrfl/fl mice. Epithelial EGFR activation persisted in humans and mice after H. pylori eradication, and gefitinib reduced gastric carcinoma in INS-GAS mice treated with antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that epithelial EGFR inhibition represents a potential strategy to prevent development of gastric carcinoma in H. pylori-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C. Sierra
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas G. Verriere
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Giovanni Suarez
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alberto G. Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lydia E. Wroblewski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel P. Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alain P. Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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13
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Noto JM, Romero-Gallo J, Piazuelo MB, Peek RM. The Mongolian Gerbil: A Robust Model of Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Inflammation and Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1422:263-80. [PMID: 27246040 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3603-8_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Mongolian gerbil is an efficient, robust, and cost-effective rodent model that recapitulates many features of H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation and carcinogenesis in humans, allowing for targeted investigation of the bacterial determinants and environmental factors and, to a lesser degree, host constituents that govern H. pylori-mediated disease. This chapter discusses means through which the Mongolian gerbil model has been used to define mechanisms of H. pylori-inflammation and cancer as well as the current materials and methods for utilizing this model of microbially induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Noto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue MRB IV 1030C, Nashville, TN, 37232-0252, USA
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue MRB IV 1030C, Nashville, TN, 37232-0252, USA
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue MRB IV 1030C, Nashville, TN, 37232-0252, USA
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue MRB IV 1030C, Nashville, TN, 37232-0252, USA.
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14
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Zhu S, Soutto M, Chen Z, Peng D, Romero-Gallo J, Krishna US, Belkhiri A, Washington MK, Peek R, El-Rifai W. Helicobacter pylori-induced cell death is counteracted by NF-κB-mediated transcription of DARPP-32. Gut 2017; 66:761-762. [PMID: 27590997 PMCID: PMC5334457 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE DARPP-32 is a frequently amplified and overexpressed gene that promotes several oncogenic functions in gastric cancer. Herein, we investigated the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection, proinflammatory NF-κB activation and regulation of DARPP-32. DESIGN The study used in vivo and in vitro experiments. Luciferase reporter, quantitative real-time PCR, immunoblot, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), cell viability, H. pylori infection, tissue microarrays and immunohistochemical assays were used. RESULTS Our results indicated that H. pylori infection increased the DARPP-32 mRNA and protein levels in gastric cancer cell lines and gastric mucosa of mice. H. pylori infection increased the activity of NF-κB reporter and p-NF-κB (S536) protein level in vitro and in vivo. To investigate the transcriptional regulation of DARPP-32, we cloned a 3019 bp of the DARPP-32 promoter into the luciferase reporter (pGL3-Luc). Both H. pylori infection and tumour necrosis factor-α treatment induced DARPP-32 reporter activity (p<0.01). Using deletion constructs of DARPP-32 promoter and ChIP assay, we demonstrated that the sequence -996 to -1008 bp containing putative NF-κB-binding sites is the most active region. The induction of DARPP-32 expression by H. pylori infection counteracted H. pylori-induced cell death through activation of serine/threonine-specific protein kinase (AKT), as determined by ATP-Glo and clonogenic survival assays. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated a significant positive correlation between NF-κB and DARPP-32 expression levels in gastric cancer tissues (r2=0.43, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Given the high frequency of DARPP-32 overexpression and its prosurvival oncogenic functions, the induction of DARPP-32 expression following H. pylori infection and activation of NF-κB provides a link between infection, inflammation and gastric tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoumin Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mohammed Soutto
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - DunFa Peng
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Uma S Krishna
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Abbes Belkhiri
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard Peek
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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15
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Pazos A, Kodaman N, Piazuelo MB, Romero-Gallo J, Sobota RS, Israel DA, Bravo LE, Morgan DR, Wilson KT, Correa P, Peek RM, Williams SM, Schneider BG. Draft Genome Sequences of 13 Colombian Helicobacter pylori Strains Isolated from Pacific Coast and Andean Residents. Genome Announc 2017; 5:e00113-17. [PMID: 28408665 PMCID: PMC5391403 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00113-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We present here the draft genomes of 13 Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from Colombian residents on the Pacific coast (n = 6) and in the Andes mountains (n = 7), locations that differ in gastric cancer risk. These 13 strains were obtained from individuals with diagnosed gastric lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Pazos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nuri Kodaman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rafal S Sobota
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dawn A Israel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Luis E Bravo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Douglas R Morgan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System and Office of Medical Research, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Pelayo Correa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Scott M Williams
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Barbara G Schneider
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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16
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Suarez G, Romero-Gallo J, Sierra JC, Piazuelo MB, Krishna US, Gomez MA, Wilson KT, Peek RM. Genetic Manipulation of Helicobacter pylori Virulence Function by Host Carcinogenic Phenotypes. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2401-2412. [PMID: 28209611 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the strongest risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma, yet only a minority of infected persons ever develop this malignancy. One cancer-linked locus is the cag type 4 secretion system (cagT4SS), which translocates an oncoprotein into host cells. A structural component of the cagT4SS is CagY, which becomes rapidly altered during in vivo adaptation in mice and rhesus monkeys, rendering the cagT4SS nonfunctional; however, these models rarely develop gastric cancer. We previously demonstrated that the H. pylori cag+ strain 7.13 rapidly induces gastric cancer in Mongolian gerbils. We now use this model, in conjunction with samples from patients with premalignant lesions, to define the effects of a carcinogenic host environment on the virulence phenotype of H. pylori to understand how only a subset of infected individuals develop cancer. H. pylori cagY sequence differences and cagT4SS function were directly related to the severity of inflammation in human gastric mucosa in either a synchronous or metachronous manner. Serial infections of Mongolian gerbils with H. pylori strain 7.13 identified an oscillating pattern of cagT4SS function. The development of dysplasia or cancer selected for attenuated virulence phenotypes, but robust cagT4SS function could be restored upon infection of new hosts. Changes in the genetic composition of cagY mirrored cagT4SS function, although the mechanisms of cagY alterations differed in human isolates (mutations) versus gerbil isolates (addition/deletion of motifs). These results indicate that host carcinogenic phenotypes modify cagT4SS function via altering cagY, allowing the bacteria to persist and induce carcinogenic consequences in the gastric niche. Cancer Res; 77(9); 2401-12. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Suarez
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Johanna C Sierra
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Uma S Krishna
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Martin A Gomez
- Department of Medicine, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia.,Hospital El Tunal Unit of Gastroenterology, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard M Peek
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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17
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Varga MG, Piazuelo MB, Romero-Gallo J, Delgado AG, Suarez G, Whitaker ME, Krishna US, Patel RV, Skaar EP, Wilson KT, Algood HMS, Peek RM. TLR9 activation suppresses inflammation in response to Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G852-G858. [PMID: 27758771 PMCID: PMC5130555 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00175.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) induces chronic gastritis in humans, and infection can persist for decades. One H. pylori strain-specific constituent that augments disease risk is the cag pathogenicity island. The cag island encodes a type IV secretion system (T4SS) that translocates DNA into host cells. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is an innate immune receptor that detects hypo-methylated CpG DNA motifs. In this study, we sought to define the role of the H. pylori cag T4SS on TLR9-mediated responses in vivo. H. pylori strain PMSS1 or its cagE- mutant, which fails to assemble a T4SS, were used to infect wild-type or Tlr9-/- C57BL/6 mice. PMSS1-infected Tlr9-/- mice developed significantly higher levels of inflammation, despite similar levels of colonization density, compared with PMSS1-infected wild-type mice. These changes were cag dependent, as both mouse genotypes infected with the cagE- mutant only developed minimal inflammation. Tlr9-/- genotypes did not alter the microbial phenotypes of in vivo-adapted H. pylori strains; therefore, we examined host immunological responses. There were no differences in levels of TH1 or TH2 cytokines in infected mice when stratified by host genotype. However, gastric mucosal levels of IL-17 were significantly increased in infected Tlr9-/- mice compared with infected wild-type mice, and H. pylori infection of IL-17A-/- mice concordantly led to significantly decreased levels of gastritis. Thus loss of Tlr9 selectively augments the intensity of IL-17-driven immune responses to H. pylori in a cag T4SS-dependent manner. These results suggest that H. pylori utilizes the cag T4SS to manipulate the intensity of the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Varga
- 1Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Alberto G. Delgado
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Giovanni Suarez
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Morgan E. Whitaker
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Uma S. Krishna
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Rachna V. Patel
- 3Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Eric P. Skaar
- 3Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and ,4Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- 1Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; ,2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; ,3Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and ,4Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Holly M. S. Algood
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; ,3Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and ,4Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard M. Peek
- 1Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; ,2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; ,3Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
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18
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Shimizu T, Choi E, Petersen CP, Noto JM, Romero-Gallo J, Piazuelo MB, Washington MK, Peek RM, Goldenring JR. Characterization of progressive metaplasia in the gastric corpus mucosa of Mongolian gerbils infected with Helicobacter pylori. J Pathol 2016; 239:399-410. [PMID: 27125972 DOI: 10.1002/path.4735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) and intestinal metaplasia are considered neoplastic precursors of gastric adenocarcinoma in humans. Loss of parietal cells causes the development of SPEM in the gastric corpus and then chronic inflammation drives SPEM toward a more proliferative lineage. Mongolian gerbils infected with Helicobacter pylori develop chronic gastritis and metaplasia, mimicking aspects of human gastritis with H. pylori infection. We therefore examined metaplastic lineages in the gastric corpus mucosa of gerbils infected by H. pylori strain 7.13, which produces rapid onset of severe inflammation. Six weeks following H. pylori infection, Griffonia simplicifolia lectin II (GSII)-positive SPEM developed in the base of oxyntic glands in association with parietal cell loss and inflammation. In association with severe inflammation, SPEM glands evolved into aberrant phenotypes, including branched lesions, dilated lesions, and penetrating invasive glands. Mucin 4 (MUC4) was up-regulated in SPEM and progressive SPEM. Clusterin was expressed in the tips of branched and dilated lesions and throughout regions of invasive glands. Intriguingly, clusterin-positive regions in these lesions expressed Ki67 and matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7). These same regions were also positive for expression of phospho-IkBα, suggestive of activated NFkB signalling. These findings suggest that clusterin-positive regions in progressive phenotypes of SPEM have invasive characteristics. Thus, H. pylori infection in gerbils induces SPEM, which then can progress to further aberrant and invasive metaplastic phenotypes. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Shimizu
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Departments of Surgery and Cell and Developmental Biology and the Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Departments of Surgery and Cell and Developmental Biology and the Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christine P Petersen
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Departments of Surgery and Cell and Developmental Biology and the Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jennifer M Noto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maria B Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James R Goldenring
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Departments of Surgery and Cell and Developmental Biology and the Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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19
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Soutto M, Romero-Gallo J, Krishna U, Piazuelo MB, Washington MK, Belkhiri A, Peek RM, El-Rifai W. Loss of TFF1 promotes Helicobacter pylori-induced β-catenin activation and gastric tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17911-22. [PMID: 25980439 PMCID: PMC4627225 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using in vitro and in vivo models, we investigated the role of TFF1 in suppressing H. pylori-mediated activation of oncogenic β-catenin in gastric tumorigenesis. A reconstitution of TFF1 expression in gastric cancer cells decreased H. pylori-induced β-catenin nuclear translocation, as compared to control (p < 0.001). These cells exhibited significantly lower β-catenin transcriptional activity, measured by pTopFlash reporter, and induction of its target genes (CCND1 and c-MYC), as compared to control. Because of the role of AKT in regulating β-catenin, we performed Western blot analysis and demonstrated that TFF1 reconstitution abrogates H. pylori-induced p-AKT (Ser473), p-β-catenin (Ser552), c-MYC, and CCND1 protein levels. For in vivo validation, we utilized the Tff1-KO gastric neoplasm mouse model. Following infection with PMSS1 H. pylori strain, we detected an increase in the nuclear staining for β-catenin and Ki-67 with a significant induction in the levels of Ccnd1 and c-Myc in the stomach of the Tff1-KO, as compared to Tff1-WT mice (p < 0.05). Only 10% of uninfected Tff1-KO mice, as opposed to one-third of H. pylori-infected Tff1-KO mice, developed invasive adenocarcinoma (p = 0.03). These findings suggest that loss of TFF1 could be a critical step in promoting the H. pylori-mediated oncogenic activation of β-catenin and gastric tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Soutto
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Uma Krishna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Abbes Belkhiri
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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20
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Krishna U, Romero-Gallo J, Suarez G, Azah A, Krezel AM, Varga MG, Forsyth MH, Peek RM. Genetic Evolution of a Helicobacter pylori Acid-Sensing Histidine Kinase and Gastric Disease. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:644-8. [PMID: 27190191 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the strongest risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma, which develops within a hypochlorhydric environment. We sequentially isolated H. pylori (strain J99) from a patient who developed corpus-predominant gastritis and hypochlorhydia over a 6-year interval. Archival J99 survived significantly better under acidic conditions than recent J99 strains. H. pylori arsRS encodes a 2-component system critical for stress responses; recent J99 isolates harbored 2 nonsynonymous arsS mutations, and arsS inactivation abolished acid survival. In vivo, acid-resistant archival, but not recent J99, successfully colonized high-acid-secreting rodents. Thus, genetic evolution of arsS may influence progression to hypochlorhydia and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Krishna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition
| | - Giovanni Suarez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition
| | - Ayeetin Azah
- Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Andrzej M Krezel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St Louis, Missouri
| | - Matthew G Varga
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | - Mark H Forsyth
- Department of Biology, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia
| | - Richard M Peek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
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21
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Varga MG, Shaffer CL, Sierra JC, Suarez G, Piazuelo MB, Whitaker ME, Romero-Gallo J, Krishna US, Delgado A, Gomez MA, Good JAD, Almqvist F, Skaar EP, Correa P, Wilson KT, Hadjifrangiskou M, Peek RM. Pathogenic Helicobacter pylori strains translocate DNA and activate TLR9 via the cancer-associated cag type IV secretion system. Oncogene 2016; 35:6262-6269. [PMID: 27157617 PMCID: PMC5102820 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the strongest identified risk factor for gastric cancer, the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. An H. pylori constituent that augments cancer risk is the strain-specific cag pathogenicity island, which encodes a type IV secretion system (T4SS) that translocates a pro-inflammatory and oncogenic protein, CagA, into epithelial cells. However, the majority of persons colonized with CagA+H. pylori strains do not develop cancer, suggesting that other microbial effectors also play a role in carcinogenesis. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is an endosome bound, innate immune receptor that detects and responds to hypo-methylated CpG DNA motifs that are most commonly found in microbial genomes. High expression tlr9 polymorphisms have been linked to the development of premalignant lesions in the stomach. We now demonstrate that levels of H. pylori-mediated TLR9 activation and expression are directly related to gastric cancer risk in human populations. Mechanistically, we show for the first time that the H. pylori cancer-associated cag T4SS is required for TLR9 activation and that H. pylori DNA is actively translocated by the cag T4SS to engage this host receptor. Activation of TLR9 occurs through a contact-dependent mechanism between pathogen and host, and involves transfer of microbial DNA that is both protected as well as exposed during transport. These results indicate that TLR9 activation via the cag island may modify the risk for malignancy within the context of H. pylori infection and provide an important framework for future studies investigating the microbial-epithelial interface in gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Varga
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C L Shaffer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J C Sierra
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - G Suarez
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M B Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M E Whitaker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - U S Krishna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - A Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M A Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Gastroenterology, National University of Colombia School of Medicine, Bogota, Colombia
| | - J A D Good
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - F Almqvist
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - E P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - P Correa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - K T Wilson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Hadjifrangiskou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - R M Peek
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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22
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Chen J, Wang Z, Hu X, Chen R, Romero-Gallo J, Peek RM, Chen LF. BET Inhibition Attenuates Helicobacter pylori-Induced Inflammatory Response by Suppressing Inflammatory Gene Transcription and Enhancer Activation. J Immunol 2016; 196:4132-42. [PMID: 27084101 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection causes chronic gastritis and peptic ulceration. H. pylori-initiated chronic gastritis is characterized by enhanced expression of many NF-κB-regulated inflammatory cytokines. Brd4 has emerged as an important NF-κB regulator and regulates the expression of many NF-κB-dependent inflammatory genes. In this study, we demonstrated that Brd4 was not only actively involved in H. pylori-induced inflammatory gene mRNA transcription but also H. pylori-induced inflammatory gene enhancer RNA (eRNA) synthesis. Suppression of H. pylori-induced eRNA synthesis impaired H. pylori-induced mRNA synthesis. Furthermore, H. pylori stimulated NF-κB-dependent recruitment of Brd4 to the promoters and enhancers of inflammatory genes to facilitate the RNA polymerase II-mediated eRNA and mRNA synthesis. Inhibition of Brd4 by JQ1 attenuated H. pylori-induced eRNA and mRNA synthesis for a subset of NF-κB-dependent inflammatory genes. JQ1 also inhibited H. pylori-induced interaction between Brd4 and RelA and the recruitment of Brd4 and RNA polymerase II to the promoters and enhancers of inflammatory genes. Finally, we demonstrated that JQ1 suppressed inflammatory gene expression, inflammation, and cell proliferation in H. pylori-infected mice. These studies highlight the importance of Brd4 in H. pylori-induced inflammatory gene expression and suggest that Brd4 could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of H. pylori-triggered inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801; Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiangming Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Ruichuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Lin-Feng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801; Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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23
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Moore BD, Jin RU, Osaki L, Romero-Gallo J, Noto J, Peek RM, Mills JC. Identification of alanyl aminopeptidase (CD13) as a surface marker for isolation of mature gastric zymogenic chief cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G955-64. [PMID: 26514774 PMCID: PMC4683299 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00261.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Injury and inflammation in the gastric epithelium can cause disruption of the pathways that guide the differentiation of cell lineages, which in turn can cause persistent alterations in differentiation patterns, known as metaplasia. Metaplasia that occurs in the stomach is associated with increased risk for cancer. Methods for isolating distinct gastric epithelial cell populations would facilitate dissection of the molecular and cellular pathways that guide normal and metaplastic differentiation. Here, we identify alanyl aminopeptidase (CD13) as a specific surface marker of zymogenic chief cells (ZCs) in the gastric epithelium. We show that 1) among gastric epithelial cells alanyl aminopeptidase expression is confined to mature ZCs, and 2) its expression is lost en route to metaplasia in both mouse and human stomachs. With this new marker coupled with new techniques that we introduce for dissociating gastric epithelial cells and overcoming their constitutive autofluorescence, we are able to reliably isolate enriched populations of ZCs for both molecular analysis and for the establishment of ZC-derived ex vivo gastroid cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Moore
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Immunology, and Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri;
| | - Ramon U. Jin
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Immunology, and Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri;
| | - Luciana Osaki
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Immunology, and Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri;
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer Noto
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard M. Peek
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jason C. Mills
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Immunology, and Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri;
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24
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Soutto M, Chen Z, Katsha AM, Romero-Gallo J, Krishna US, Piazuelo MB, Washington MK, Peek RM, Belkhiri A, El-Rifai WM. Trefoil factor 1 expression suppresses Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation in gastric carcinogenesis. Cancer 2015; 121:4348-58. [PMID: 26372254 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with Helicobacter pylori, a high-risk factor for gastric cancer, is frequently associated with chronic inflammation through activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) is a constitutively expressed protein in the stomach that has tumor-suppressor functions and plays a critical role in maintaining mucosal integrity. This study investigated the role of TFF1 in regulating the proinflammatory response to H. pylori infections. METHODS For in vitro studies, immunofluorescence, luciferase reporter assays, Western blots, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to investigate the activation of NF-κB and its target genes in response to infections with H. pylori strains J166 and 7.13. In addition, Tff1-knockout (KO) and Tff1-wild-type mice were used for infections with the H. pylori strain called premouse Sydney strain 1. RESULTS The reconstitution of TFF1 expression in gastric cancer cells significantly suppressed H. pylori-mediated increases in NF-κB-p65 nuclear staining, transcriptional activity, and expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 5, and interleukin 4 receptor) that were associated with reductions in the expression and phosphorylation of NF-κB-p65 and IκB kinase α/β proteins. The in vivo studies using the Tff1-KO mouse model of gastric neoplasia confirmed the in vitro findings. Furthermore, they demonstrated increases in chronic inflammation scores and in the frequency of invasive gastric adenocarcinoma in the Tff1-KO mice infected with H. pylori versus the uninfected Tff1-KO mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore an important protective role of TFF1 in abrogating H. pylori-mediated inflammation, a crucial hallmark of gastric tumorigenesis. Therefore, loss of TFF1 expression could be an important step in H. pylori-mediated gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Soutto
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ahmed M Katsha
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Uma S Krishna
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard M Peek
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Abbes Belkhiri
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wael M El-Rifai
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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25
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Kim A, Servetas SL, Kang J, Kim J, Jang S, Cha HJ, Lee WJ, Kim J, Romero-Gallo J, Peek RM, Merrell DS, Cha JH. Helicobacter pylori bab Paralog Distribution and Association with cagA, vacA, and homA/B Genotypes in American and South Korean Clinical Isolates. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137078. [PMID: 26317221 PMCID: PMC4552749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori genetic variation is a crucial component of colonization and persistence within the inhospitable niche of the gastric mucosa. As such, numerous H. pylori genes have been shown to vary in terms of presence and genomic location within this pathogen. Among the variable factors, the Bab family of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) has been shown to differ within subsets of strains. To better understand genetic variation among the bab genes and to determine whether this variation differed among isolates obtained from different geographic locations, we characterized the distribution of the Bab family members in 80 American H. pylori clinical isolates (AH) and 80 South Korean H. pylori clinical isolates (KH). Overall, we identified 23 different bab genotypes (19 in AH and 11 in KH), but only 5 occurred in greater than 5 isolates. Regardless of strain origin, a strain in which locus A and locus B were both occupied by a bab gene was the most common (85%); locus C was only occupied in those isolates that carried bab paralog at locus A and B. While the babA/babB/- genotype predominated in the KH (78.8%), no single genotype could account for greater than 40% in the AH collection. In addition to basic genotyping, we also identified associations between bab genotype and well known virulence factors cagA and vacA. Specifically, significant associations between babA at locus A and the cagA EPIYA-ABD motif (P<0.0001) and the vacA s1/i1/m1 allele (P<0.0001) were identified. Log-linear modeling further revealed a three-way association between bab carried at locus A, vacA, and number of OMPs from the HOM family (P<0.002). En masse this study provides a detailed characterization of the bab genotypes from two distinct populations. Our analysis suggests greater variability in the AH, perhaps due to adaptation to a more diverse host population. Furthermore, when considering the presence or absence of both the bab and homA/B paralogs at their given loci and the vacA genotype, an association was observed. Our results highlight the multifactorial nature of H. pylori mediated disease and the importance of considering how the specific combinations of H. pylori virulence genes and their multiple interactions with the host will collectively impact disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeryun Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Applied Life Science, BK21 Plus Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Stephanie L. Servetas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, United States of America
| | - Jieun Kang
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Applied Life Science, BK21 Plus Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinmoon Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Applied Life Science, BK21 Plus Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungil Jang
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho Jin Cha
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wan Jin Lee
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - June Kim
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37240, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37240, United States of America
| | - D. Scott Merrell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DSM); (JHC)
| | - Jeong-Heon Cha
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Applied Life Science, BK21 Plus Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (DSM); (JHC)
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26
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Wei J, Noto JM, Zaika E, Romero-Gallo J, Piazuelo MB, Schneider B, El-Rifai W, Correa P, Peek RM, Zaika AI. Bacterial CagA protein induces degradation of p53 protein in a p14ARF-dependent manner. Gut 2015; 64:1040-8. [PMID: 25080447 PMCID: PMC4312278 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infection with Helicobacter pylori is the strongest known risk factor for adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Tumorigenic transformation of gastric epithelium induced by H. pylori is a highly complex process driven by an active interplay between bacterial virulence and host factors, many aspects of which remain obscure. In this work, we investigated the degradation of p53 tumour suppressor induced by H. pylori. DESIGN Expression of p53 protein in gastric biopsies was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Gastric cells were co-cultured with H. pylori strains isolated from high-gastric risk and low-gastric risk areas and assessed for expression of p53, p14ARF and cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) by immunoblotting. siRNA was used to inhibit activities of ARF-BP1 and Human Double Minute 2 (HDM2) proteins. RESULTS Our analysis demonstrated that H. pylori strains expressing high levels of CagA virulence factor and associated with a higher gastric cancer risk more strongly suppress p53 compared with low-risk strains in vivo and in vitro. We found that degradation of p53 induced by bacterial CagA protein is mediated by host HDM2 and ARF-BP1 E3 ubiquitin ligases, while the p14ARF protein counteracts H. pylori-induced signalling. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide novel evidence that tumorigenicity associated with H. pylori infection is linked to inhibition of p53 protein by CagA. We propose a model in which CagA-induced degradation of p53 protein is determined by a relative level of p14ARF. In cells in which p14ARF levels were decreased due to hypermethylation or deletion of the p14ARF gene, H. pylori efficiently degraded p53, whereas p53 is protected in cells expressing high levels of p14ARF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiong Wei
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jennifer M Noto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Elena Zaika
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maria Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Barbara Schneider
- Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Pelayo Correa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alexander I Zaika
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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27
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Chaturvedi R, de Sablet T, Asim M, Piazuelo MB, Barry DP, Verriere TG, Sierra JC, Hardbower DM, Delgado AG, Schneider BG, Israel DA, Romero-Gallo J, Nagy TA, Morgan DR, Murray-Stewart T, Bravo LE, Peek RM, Fox JG, Woster PM, Casero RA, Correa P, Wilson KT. Increased Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer risk in the Andean region of Colombia is mediated by spermine oxidase. Oncogene 2015; 34:3429-40. [PMID: 25174398 PMCID: PMC4345146 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection causes gastric cancer, the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. More than half of the world's population is infected, making universal eradication impractical. Clinical trials suggest that antibiotic treatment only reduces gastric cancer risk in patients with non-atrophic gastritis (NAG), and is ineffective once preneoplastic lesions of multifocal atrophic gastritis (MAG) and intestinal metaplasia (IM) have occurred. Therefore, additional strategies for risk stratification and chemoprevention of gastric cancer are needed. We have implicated polyamines, generated by the rate-limiting enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), in gastric carcinogenesis. During H. pylori infection, the enzyme spermine oxidase (SMOX) is induced, which generates hydrogen peroxide from the catabolism of the polyamine spermine. Herein, we assessed the role of SMOX in the increased gastric cancer risk in Colombia associated with the Andean mountain region when compared with the low-risk region on the Pacific coast. When cocultured with gastric epithelial cells, clinical strains of H. pylori from the high-risk region induced more SMOX expression and oxidative DNA damage, and less apoptosis than low-risk strains. These findings were not attributable to differences in the cytotoxin-associated gene A oncoprotein. Gastric tissues from subjects from the high-risk region exhibited greater levels of SMOX and oxidative DNA damage by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, and this occurred in NAG, MAG and IM. In Mongolian gerbils, a prototype colonizing strain from the high-risk region induced more SMOX, DNA damage, dysplasia and adenocarcinoma than a colonizing strain from the low-risk region. Treatment of gerbils with either α-difluoromethylornithine, an inhibitor of ODC, or MDL 72527 (N(1),N(4)-Di(buta-2,3-dien-1-yl)butane-1,4-diamine dihydrochloride), an inhibitor of SMOX, reduced gastric dysplasia and carcinoma, as well as apoptosis-resistant cells with DNA damage. These data indicate that aberrant activation of polyamine-driven oxidative stress is a marker of gastric cancer risk and a target for chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Chaturvedi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thibaut de Sablet
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel P. Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas G. Verriere
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J. Carolina Sierra
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dana M. Hardbower
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alberto G. Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Barbara G. Schneider
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dawn A. Israel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Toni A. Nagy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Douglas R. Morgan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tracy Murray-Stewart
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luis E. Bravo
- Department of Pathology, Universidad del Valle School of Medicine, Cali, Colombia
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James G. Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts lnstitute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrick M. Woster
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Robert A. Casero
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pelayo Correa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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28
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Suarez G, Romero-Gallo J, Piazuelo MB, Wang G, Maier RJ, Forsberg LS, Azadi P, Gomez MA, Correa P, Peek RM. Modification of Helicobacter pylori Peptidoglycan Enhances NOD1 Activation and Promotes Cancer of the Stomach. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1749-59. [PMID: 25732381 PMCID: PMC4401661 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the strongest known risk factor for gastric carcinogenesis. One cancer-linked locus is the cag pathogenicity island, which translocates components of peptidoglycan into host cells. NOD1 is an intracellular immune receptor that senses peptidoglycan from Gram-negative bacteria and responds by inducing autophagy and activating NF-κB, leading to inflammation-mediated bacterial clearance; however chronic pathogens can evade NOD1-mediated clearance by altering peptidoglycan structure. We previously demonstrated that the H. pylori cag(+) strain 7.13 rapidly induces gastric cancer in Mongolian gerbils. Using 2D-DIGE and mass spectrometry, we identified a novel mutation within the gene encoding the peptidoglycan deacetylase PgdA; therefore, we sought to define the role of H. pylori PgdA in NOD1-dependent activation of NF-κB, inflammation, and cancer. Coculture of H. pylori strain 7.13 or its pgdA(-) isogenic mutant with AGS gastric epithelial cells or HEK293 epithelial cells expressing a NF-κB reporter revealed that pgdA inactivation significantly decreased NOD1-dependent NF-κB activation and autophagy. Infection of Mongolian gerbils with an H. pylori pgdA(-) mutant strain led to significantly decreased levels of inflammation and malignant lesions in the stomach; however, preactivation of NOD1 before bacterial challenge reciprocally suppressed inflammation and cancer in response to wild-type H. pylori. Expression of NOD1 differs in human gastric cancer specimens compared with noncancer samples harvested from the same patients. These results indicate that peptidoglycan deacetylation plays an important role in modulating host inflammatory responses to H. pylori, allowing the bacteria to persist and induce carcinogenic consequences in the gastric niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Suarez
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ge Wang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Robert J Maier
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Lennart S Forsberg
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Martin A Gomez
- Department of Medicine, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia. Hospital El Tunal Unit of Gastroenterology, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Pelayo Correa
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard M Peek
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
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29
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Noto JM, Piazuelo MB, Chaturvedi R, Bartel CA, Thatcher EJ, Delgado A, Romero-Gallo J, Wilson KT, Correa P, Patton JG, Peek RM. Strain-specific suppression of microRNA-320 by carcinogenic Helicobacter pylori promotes expression of the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 305:G786-96. [PMID: 24136787 PMCID: PMC3882435 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00279.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the strongest risk factor for gastric cancer, and strains harboring the cag pathogenicity island, which translocates the oncoprotein CagA into host cells, further augment cancer risk. We previously reported that in vivo adaptation of a noncarcinogenic H. pylori strain (B128) generated a derivative strain (7.13) with the ability to induce adenocarcinoma, providing a unique opportunity to define mechanisms that mediate gastric carcinogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate expression of oncogenes or tumor suppressors and are frequently dysregulated in carcinogenesis. To identify miRNAs and their targets involved in H. pylori-mediated carcinogenesis, miRNA microarrays were performed on RNA isolated from gastric epithelial cells cocultured with H. pylori strains B128, 7.13, or a 7.13 cagA(-) isogenic mutant. Among 61 miRNAs differentially expressed in a cagA-dependent manner, the tumor suppressor miR-320 was significantly downregulated by strain 7.13. Since miR-320 negatively regulates the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1, we demonstrated that H. pylori significantly induced Mcl-1 expression in a cagA-dependent manner and that suppression of Mcl-1 results in increased apoptosis. To extend these results, mice were challenged with H. pylori strain 7.13 or its cagA(-) mutant; consistent with cell culture data, H. pylori induced Mcl-1 expression in a cagA-dependent manner. In human subjects, cag(+) strains induced significantly higher levels of Mcl-1 than cag(-) strains, and Mcl-1 expression levels paralleled the severity of neoplastic lesions. Collectively, these results indicate that H. pylori suppresses miR-320, upregulates Mcl-1, and decreases apoptosis in a cagA-dependent manner, which likely confers an increased risk for gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Noto
- 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Courtney A. Bartel
- 2Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | | | - Alberto Delgado
- 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; ,3Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; ,4Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; and ,5Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Pelayo Correa
- 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - James G. Patton
- 2Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Richard M. Peek
- 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; ,3Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee;
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30
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Schneider BG, Piazuelo MB, Sicinschi LA, Mera R, Peng DF, Roa JC, Romero-Gallo J, Delgado AG, de Sablet T, Bravo LE, Wilson KT, El-Rifai W, Peek Jr RM, Correa P. Virulence of infecting Helicobacter pylori strains and intensity of mononuclear cell infiltration are associated with levels of DNA hypermethylation in gastric mucosae. Epigenetics 2013; 8:1153-61. [PMID: 24128875 PMCID: PMC3927747 DOI: 10.4161/epi.26072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation changes are known to occur in gastric cancers and in premalignant lesions of the gastric mucosae. In order to examine variables associated with methylation levels, we quantitatively evaluated DNA methylation in tumors, non-tumor gastric mucosae, and in gastric biopsies at promoters of 5 genes with methylation alterations that discriminate gastric cancers from non-tumor epithelia (EN1, PCDH10, RSPO2, ZIC1, and ZNF610). Among Colombian subjects at high and low risk for gastric cancer, biopsies from subjects from the high-risk region had significantly higher levels of methylation at these 5 genes than samples from subjects in the low risk region (p ≤ 0.003). When results were stratified by Helicobacter pylori infection status, infection with a cagA positive, vacA s1m1 strain was significantly associated with highest methylation levels, compared with other strains (p = 0.024 to 0.001). More severe gastric inflammation and more advanced precancerous lesions were also associated with higher levels of DNA methylation (p ≤ 0.001). In a multivariate model, location of residence of the subject and the presence of cagA and vacA s1m1 in the H. pylori strain were independent variables associated with higher methylation in all 5 genes. High levels of mononuclear cell infiltration were significantly related to methylation in PCDH10, RSPO2, and ZIC1 genes. These results indicate that for these genes, levels of methylation in precancerous lesions are related to H. pylori virulence, geographic region and measures of chronic inflammation. These genes seem predisposed to sustain significant quantitative changes in DNA methylation at early stages of the gastric precancerous process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara G Schneider
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Liviu A Sicinschi
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
- Holmes Regional Medical Center; Melbourne, FL USA
| | - Robertino Mera
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Dun-Fa Peng
- Department of Surgery; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology; School of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Santiago, Chile
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Alberto G Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Thibaut de Sablet
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Luis E Bravo
- Department of Pathology; School of Medicine; Universidad del Valle; Cali, Colombia
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System and Office of Medical Research; Department of Veterans Affairs; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System and Office of Medical Research; Department of Veterans Affairs; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Richard M Peek Jr
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Pelayo Correa
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
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Arboleda RN, Schneider BG, Bravo LE, Romero-Gallo J, Peek RM, Mera RM, Yepez MC, Campo C, Correa P. Use of the noninvasive entero-test in the detection of Helicobacter pylori in children in an endemic area in Colombia. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013; 57:192-6. [PMID: 23880626 PMCID: PMC3725653 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e318293e1e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Gastric infection with Helicobacter pylori (H pylori), a strong risk factor for gastric cancer, is highly prevalent in children residing in the Colombian Andes. We aimed to validate the use of the Entero-test to culture and genotype H pylori strains from asymptomatic Colombian children. METHODS Children (ages 10-15 years, n = 110, 80 of which were H pylori positive by the urea breath test [UBT]) were subjected to the Entero-test, and strings were cultured and/or used for DNA extraction for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These children had been treated for H pylori in 2007. A second population of children (ages 10-15 years, n = 95),which had not been previously treated, was also subjected to the Entero-test. RESULTS Of UBT-positive children in the treated group, 29 of 80 (36%) Entero-test samples were H pylori culture positive; 29 additional string extracts were tested by PCR for the H pylori virulence factors cagA and vacA. PCR from cultures and extracts yielded a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 87%. In the untreated group, 16 of 94 UBT-positive children (17%) produced Entero-tests that were culture positive. Fifty-eight of 94 (62%) string extracts were PCR positive for cagA and/or vacA. In previously treated children, H pylori strains were more often the less virulent vacA s2 (P = 0.001), m2 (P = 0.006), and i2 genotypes (P = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS The Entero-test may be used as a noninvasive test to detect H pylori in asymptomatic children residing in high-risk areas for gastric cancer. Treatment of H pylori in children was associated with less virulent genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard N Arboleda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 , USA
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32
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Khurana SS, Riehl TE, Moore BD, Fassan M, Rugge M, Romero-Gallo J, Noto J, Peek RM, Stenson WF, Mills JC. The hyaluronic acid receptor CD44 coordinates normal and metaplastic gastric epithelial progenitor cell proliferation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:16085-97. [PMID: 23589310 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.445551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The stem cell in the isthmus of gastric units continually replenishes the epithelium. Atrophy of acid-secreting parietal cells (PCs) frequently occurs during infection with Helicobacter pylori, predisposing patients to cancer. Atrophy causes increased proliferation of stem cells, yet little is known about how this process is regulated. Here we show that CD44 labels a population of small, undifferentiated cells in the gastric unit isthmus where stem cells are known to reside. Loss of CD44 in vivo results in decreased proliferation of the gastric epithelium. When we induce PC atrophy by Helicobacter infection or tamoxifen treatment, this CD44(+) population expands from the isthmus toward the base of the unit. CD44 blockade during PC atrophy abrogates the expansion. We find that CD44 binds STAT3, and inhibition of either CD44 or STAT3 signaling causes decreased proliferation. Atrophy-induced CD44 expansion depends on pERK, which labels isthmal cells in mice and humans. Our studies delineate an in vivo signaling pathway, ERK → CD44 → STAT3, that regulates normal and atrophy-induced gastric stem/progenitor-cell proliferation. We further show that we can intervene pharmacologically at each signaling step in vivo to modulate proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradha S Khurana
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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33
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Noto JM, Khizanishvili T, Chaturvedi R, Piazuelo MB, Romero-Gallo J, Delgado AG, Khurana SS, Sierra JC, Krishna US, Suarez G, Powell AE, Goldenring JR, Coffey RJ, Yang VW, Correa P, Mills JC, Wilson KT, Peek RM. Helicobacter pylori promotes the expression of Krüppel-like factor 5, a mediator of carcinogenesis, in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54344. [PMID: 23372710 PMCID: PMC3553174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the strongest known risk factor for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. H. pylori expresses a repertoire of virulence factors that increase gastric cancer risk, including the cag pathogenicity island and the vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA). One host element that promotes carcinogenesis within the gastrointestinal tract is Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), a transcription factor that mediates key cellular functions. To define the role of KLF5 within the context of H. pylori-induced inflammation and injury, human gastric epithelial cells were co-cultured with the wild-type cag+ H. pylori strain 60190. KLF5 expression was significantly upregulated following co-culture with H. pylori, but increased expression was independent of the cag island or VacA. To translate these findings into an in vivo model, C57BL/6 mice were challenged with the wild-type rodent-adapted cag+ H. pylori strain PMSS1 or a PMSS1 cagE− isogenic mutant. Similar to findings in vitro, KLF5 staining was significantly enhanced in gastric epithelium of H. pylori-infected compared to uninfected mice and this was independent of the cag island. Flow cytometry revealed that the majority of KLF5+ cells also stained positively for the stem cell marker, Lrig1, and KLF5+/Lrig1+ cells were significantly increased in H. pylori-infected versus uninfected tissue. To extend these results into the natural niche of this pathogen, levels of KLF5 expression were assessed in human gastric biopsies isolated from patients with or without premalignant lesions. Levels of KLF5 expression increased in parallel with advancing stages of neoplastic progression, being significantly elevated in gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia compared to normal gastric tissue. These results indicate that H. pylori induces expression of KLF5 in gastric epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo, and that the degree of KLF5 expression parallels the severity of premalignant lesions in human gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Noto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
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Noto JM, Gaddy JA, Lee JY, Piazuelo MB, Friedman DB, Colvin DC, Romero-Gallo J, Suarez G, Loh J, Slaughter JC, Tan S, Morgan DR, Wilson KT, Bravo LE, Correa P, Cover TL, Amieva MR, Peek RM. Iron deficiency accelerates Helicobacter pylori-induced carcinogenesis in rodents and humans. J Clin Invest 2012; 123:479-92. [PMID: 23257361 DOI: 10.1172/jci64373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma is strongly associated with Helicobacter pylori infection; however, most infected persons never develop this malignancy. H. pylori strains harboring the cag pathogenicity island (cag+), which encodes CagA and a type IV secretion system (T4SS), induce more severe disease outcomes. H. pylori infection is also associated with iron deficiency, which similarly augments gastric cancer risk. To define the influence of iron deficiency on microbial virulence in gastric carcinogenesis, Mongolian gerbils were maintained on iron-depleted diets and infected with an oncogenic H. pylori cag+ strain. Iron depletion accelerated the development of H. pylori-induced premalignant and malignant lesions in a cagA-dependent manner. H. pylori strains harvested from iron-depleted gerbils or grown under iron-limiting conditions exhibited enhanced virulence and induction of inflammatory factors. Further, in a human population at high risk for gastric cancer, H. pylori strains isolated from patients with the lowest ferritin levels induced more robust proinflammatory responses compared with strains isolated from patients with the highest ferritin levels, irrespective of histologic status. These data demonstrate that iron deficiency enhances H. pylori virulence and represents a measurable biomarker to identify populations of infected persons at high risk for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Noto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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35
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Noto JM, Gaddy JA, Lee JY, Piazuelo MB, Friedman DB, Colvin DC, Romero-Gallo J, Suarez G, Loh J, Slaughter JC, Tan S, Morgan DR, Wilson KT, Bravo LE, Correa P, Cover TL, Amieva MR, Peek RM. Iron deficiency accelerates Helicobacter pylori-induced carcinogenesis in rodents and humans. J Clin Invest 2012. [PMID: 23257361 DOI: 10.1172/jci6437364373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma is strongly associated with Helicobacter pylori infection; however, most infected persons never develop this malignancy. H. pylori strains harboring the cag pathogenicity island (cag+), which encodes CagA and a type IV secretion system (T4SS), induce more severe disease outcomes. H. pylori infection is also associated with iron deficiency, which similarly augments gastric cancer risk. To define the influence of iron deficiency on microbial virulence in gastric carcinogenesis, Mongolian gerbils were maintained on iron-depleted diets and infected with an oncogenic H. pylori cag+ strain. Iron depletion accelerated the development of H. pylori-induced premalignant and malignant lesions in a cagA-dependent manner. H. pylori strains harvested from iron-depleted gerbils or grown under iron-limiting conditions exhibited enhanced virulence and induction of inflammatory factors. Further, in a human population at high risk for gastric cancer, H. pylori strains isolated from patients with the lowest ferritin levels induced more robust proinflammatory responses compared with strains isolated from patients with the highest ferritin levels, irrespective of histologic status. These data demonstrate that iron deficiency enhances H. pylori virulence and represents a measurable biomarker to identify populations of infected persons at high risk for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Noto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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36
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Hallinger DR, Romero-Gallo J, Peek RM, Forsyth MH. Polymorphisms of the acid sensing histidine kinase gene arsS in Helicobacter pylori populations from anatomically distinct gastric sites. Microb Pathog 2012; 53:227-33. [PMID: 22940419 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phase variation is frequently utilized by bacterial species to affect gene expression such that phenotypic variants are maintained within populations, ensuring survival as environmental or host conditions change. Unusual among Helicobacter pylori phase variable or contingency genes is arsS, encoding a sensory histidine kinase involved in the acid acclimation of the organism. The presence of a 3' homopolymeric cytosine tract of variable length in arsS among Helicobacter pylori strains allows for the expression of various functional ArsS isoforms, differing in carboxy-terminal protein domains. In this study, we analyzed this 3'arsS region via amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and sequencing analyses for H. pylori populations from 3 different gastric sites of 12 patients. Our data indicate the presence of multiple arsS alleles within each population of H. pylori derived from the gastric antrum, cardia, or corpus of these patients. We also show that H. pylori, derived from the same anatomical site and patient, are predicted to express multiple ArsS isoforms in each population investigated. Furthermore, we identify a polymorphic deletion within arsS that generates another alternate ArsS C-terminal end. These findings suggest that four C-terminal variations of ArsS adds to the complexity of the ArsRS acid adaptation mechanism as a whole and may influence the ability of H. pylori to persist in the gastric niche for decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Hallinger
- Department of Biology, The College of William and Mary, Integrated Science Center 3051, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA
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37
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Raju D, Hussey S, Ang M, Terebiznik M, Sibony M, Galindo-Mata E, Gupta V, Blanke S, Delgado A, Romero-Gallo J, Ramjeet M, Mascarenhas H, Peek R, Correa P, Streutker C, Hold G, Kunstmann E, Yoshimori T, Silverberg MS, Girardin S, Philpott D, El Omar E, Jones N. Vacuolating cytotoxin and variants in Atg16L1 that disrupt autophagy promote Helicobacter pylori infection in humans. Gastroenterology 2012; 142:1160-71. [PMID: 22333951 PMCID: PMC3336037 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The Helicobacter pylori toxin vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) promotes gastric colonization, and its presence (VacA(+)) is associated with more-severe disease. The exact mechanisms by which VacA contributes to infection are unclear. We previously found that limited exposure to VacA induces autophagy of gastric cells, which eliminates the toxin; we investigated whether autophagy serves as a defense mechanism against H pylori infection. METHODS We investigated the effect of VacA on autophagy in human gastric epithelial cells and primary gastric cells from mice. Expression of p62, a marker of autophagy, was also assessed in gastric tissues from patients infected with toxigenic (VacA(+)) or nontoxigenic strains. We analyzed the effect of VacA on autophagy in peripheral blood monocytes obtained from subjects with different genotypes of ATG16L1, which regulates autophagy. We performed genotyping for ATG16L1 in 2 cohorts of infected and uninfected subjects. RESULTS Prolonged exposure of human gastric epithelial cells and mouse gastric cells to VacA disrupted induction of autophagy in response to the toxin, because the cells lacked cathepsin D in autophagosomes. Loss of autophagy resulted in the accumulation of p62 and reactive oxygen species. Gastric biopsy samples from patients infected with VacA(+), but not nontoxigenic strains of H pylori, had increased levels of p62. Peripheral blood monocytes isolated from individuals with polymorphisms in ATG16L1 that increase susceptibility to Crohn's disease had reduced induction of autophagy in response to VacA(+) compared to cells from individuals that did not have these polymorphisms. The presence of the ATG16L1 Crohn's disease risk variant increased susceptibility to H pylori infection in 2 separate cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy protects against infection with H pylori; the toxin VacA disrupts autophagy to promote infection, which could contribute to inflammation and eventual carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Raju
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, Departments of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Hussey
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, Departments of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - M Ang
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, Departments of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M.R. Terebiznik
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | - M Sibony
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, Departments of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, IBD group, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON
| | - E Galindo-Mata
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, Departments of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - V Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - S.R. Blanke
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - A Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN
| | - J Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN
| | - M Ramjeet
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - H Mascarenhas
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, Departments of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - R.M. Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN
| | - P Correa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN
| | - C Streutker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Michaels’s Hospital, Toronto, ON
| | - G Hold
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Aberdeen University, Foresterhill, Aberdeen
| | - E Kunstmann
- Praxis fur Humangenetik, Theodore-Boveri-Weg, University Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - T Yoshimori
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - M. S. Silverberg
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, IBD group, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON
| | - S.E. Girardin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - D.J. Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - E El Omar
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Aberdeen University, Foresterhill, Aberdeen
| | - N.L. Jones
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, Departments of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Corresponding Author Dr. Nicola Jones, Departments of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, 555, University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Phone no: 416-813-7072,
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38
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Chaturvedi R, Asim M, Romero-Gallo J, Barry DP, Hoge S, de Sablet T, Delgado AG, Wroblewski LE, Piazuelo MB, Yan F, Israel DA, Casero RA, Correa P, Gobert AP, Polk DB, Peek RM, Wilson KT. Spermine oxidase mediates the gastric cancer risk associated with Helicobacter pylori CagA. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:1696-708.e1-2. [PMID: 21839041 PMCID: PMC3202654 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis has been linked to the microbial oncoprotein cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA). Spermine oxidase (SMO) metabolizes the polyamine spermine into spermidine and generates H(2)O(2), which causes apoptosis and DNA damage. We determined if pathogenic effects of CagA are attributable to SMO. METHODS Levels of SMO, apoptosis, and DNA damage (8-oxoguanosine) were measured in gastric epithelial cell lines infected with cagA(+) or cagA(-)H pylori strains, or transfected with a CagA expression plasmid, in the absence or presence of SMO small interfering RNA, or an SMO inhibitor. The role of CagA in induction of SMO and DNA damage was assessed in H pylori-infected gastritis tissues from humans, gerbils, and both wild-type and hypergastrinemic insulin-gastrin mice, using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. RESULTS cagA(+) strains or ectopic expression of CagA, but not cagA(-) strains, led to increased levels of SMO, apoptosis, and DNA damage in gastric epithelial cells, and knockdown or inhibition of SMO blocked apoptosis and DNA damage. There was increased SMO expression, apoptosis, and DNA damage in gastric tissues from humans infected with cagA(+), but not cagA(-) strains. In gerbils and mice, DNA damage was CagA-dependent and present in cells that expressed SMO. Gastric epithelial cells with DNA damage that were negative for markers of apoptosis accounted for 42%-69% of cells in gerbils and insulin-gastrin mice with dysplasia and carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS By inducing SMO, H pylori CagA generates cells with oxidative DNA damage, and a subpopulation of these cells are resistant to apoptosis and thus at high risk for malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Chaturvedi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Daniel P. Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - Svea Hoge
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of General, Abdominal and Vascular Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thibaut de Sablet
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - Alberto G. Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Lydia E. Wroblewski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Fang Yan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Dawn A. Israel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Robert A. Casero
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Pelayo Correa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Alain P. Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Microbiologie UR454, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - D. Brent Polk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
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39
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de Sablet T, Piazuelo MB, Shaffer CL, Schneider BG, Asim M, Chaturvedi R, Bravo LE, Sicinschi LA, Delgado AG, Mera RM, Israel DA, Romero-Gallo J, Peek RM, Cover TL, Correa P, Wilson KT. Phylogeographic origin of Helicobacter pylori is a determinant of gastric cancer risk. Gut 2011; 60:1189-95. [PMID: 21357593 PMCID: PMC3133872 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2010.234468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Helicobacter pylori colonises the stomach in half of all humans, and is the principal cause of gastric cancer, the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. While gastric cancer rates correlate with H pylori prevalence in some areas, there are regions where infection is nearly universal, but rates of gastric cancer are low. In the case of Colombia, there is a 25-fold increase in gastric cancer rate in the Andean mountain (high risk) region compared to the coastal (low risk) region, despite similarly high (∼90%) prevalence of H pylori in the two locations. Our aim was to investigate the ancestral origin of H pylori strains isolated from subjects in these high- and low-risk regions and to determine whether this is a predictive determinant of precancerous lesions. METHODS Multi-locus sequence typing was used to investigate phylogeographic origins of infecting H pylori strains isolated from subjects in the Pacific coast and Andes Mountains in the state of Nariño, Colombia. We analysed 64 subjects infected with cagA+ vacA s1m1 strains. Gastric biopsy slides from each individual were scored for histological lesions and evaluated for DNA damage by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We show that strains from the high-risk region were all of European phylogeographic origin, whereas those from the low risk region were of either European (34%) or African origin (66%). European strain origin was strongly predictive of increased premalignant histological lesions and epithelial DNA damage, even in the low-risk region; African strain origin was associated with reduced severity of these parameters. CONCLUSION The phylogeographic origin of H pylori strains provides an explanation for geographic differences in cancer risk deriving from this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut de Sablet
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, MRBIV, Room 1030C, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Carrie L. Shaffer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Barbara G. Schneider
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, USA
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, USA
| | - Luis E. Bravo
- Department of Pathology, Universidad del Valle School of Medicine, Cali, Colombia
| | - Liviu A. Sicinschi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Alberto G. Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Robertino M. Mera
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Dawn A. Israel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, USA
| | - Timothy L. Cover
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, USA,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Pelayo Correa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, USA
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40
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Nagy TA, Wroblewski LE, Wang D, Piazuelo MB, Delgado A, Romero-Gallo J, Noto J, Israel DA, Ogden SR, Correa P, Cover TL, Peek RM. β-Catenin and p120 mediate PPARδ-dependent proliferation induced by Helicobacter pylori in human and rodent epithelia. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:553-64. [PMID: 21704622 PMCID: PMC3152603 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Colonization of gastric mucosa by Helicobacter pylori leads to epithelial hyperproliferation, which increases the risk for gastric adenocarcinoma. One H pylori virulence locus associated with cancer risk, cag, encodes a secretion system that transports effectors into host cells and leads to aberrant activation of β-catenin and p120-catenin (p120). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)δ is a ligand-activated transcription factor that affects oncogenesis in conjunction with β-catenin. We used a carcinogenic H pylori strain to define the role of microbial virulence constituents and PPARδ in regulating epithelial responses that mediate development of adenocarcinoma. METHODS Gastric epithelial cells or colonies were co-cultured with the H pylori cag(+) strain 7.13 or cagE(-), cagA(-), soluble lytic transglycosylase(-), or cagA(-)/soluble lytic transglycosylase(-) mutants. Levels of PPARδ and cyclin E1 were determined by real-time, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunoblot analysis, or immunofluorescence microscopy; proliferation was measured in 3-dimensional culture. PPARδ and Ki67 expression were determined by immunohistochemical analysis of human biopsies and rodent gastric mucosa. RESULTS H pylori induced β-catenin- and p120-dependent expression and activation of PPARδ in gastric epithelial cells, which were mediated by the cag secretion system substrates CagA and peptidoglycan. H pylori stimulated proliferation in vitro, which required PPARδ-mediated activation of cyclin E1; H pylori did not induce expression of cyclin E1 in a genetic model of PPARδ deficiency. PPARδ expression and proliferation in rodent and human gastric tissue was selectively induced by cag(+) strains and PPARδ levels normalized after eradication of H pylori. CONCLUSIONS The H pylori cag secretion system activates β-catenin, p120, and PPARδ, which promote gastric epithelial cell proliferation via activation of cyclin E1. PPARδ might contribute to gastric adenocarcinoma development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni A. Nagy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37232
| | - Lydia E. Wroblewski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37232
| | - Dingzhi Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA 77030
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37232
| | - Alberto Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37232
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37232
| | - Jennifer Noto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37232
| | - Dawn A. Israel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37232
| | - Seth R. Ogden
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37232
| | - Pelayo Correa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37232
| | - Timothy L. Cover
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA 37212
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA 37232, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA 37212
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Tan S, Noto JM, Romero-Gallo J, Peek RM, Amieva MR. Helicobacter pylori perturbs iron trafficking in the epithelium to grow on the cell surface. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002050. [PMID: 21589900 PMCID: PMC3093365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) injects the CagA effector protein into host epithelial cells and induces growth factor-like signaling, perturbs cell-cell junctions, and alters host cell polarity. This enables Hp to grow as microcolonies adhered to the host cell surface even in conditions that do not support growth of free-swimming bacteria. We hypothesized that CagA alters host cell physiology to allow Hp to obtain specific nutrients from or across the epithelial barrier. Using a polarized epithelium model system, we find that isogenic ΔcagA mutants are defective in cell surface microcolony formation, but exogenous addition of iron to the apical medium partially rescues this defect, suggesting that one of CagA's effects on host cells is to facilitate iron acquisition from the host. Hp adhered to the apical epithelial surface increase basolateral uptake of transferrin and induce its transcytosis in a CagA-dependent manner. Both CagA and VacA contribute to the perturbation of transferrin recycling, since VacA is involved in apical mislocalization of the transferrin receptor to sites of bacterial attachment. To determine if the transferrin recycling pathway is involved in Hp colonization of the cell surface, we silenced transferrin receptor expression during infection. This resulted in a reduced ability of Hp to colonize the polarized epithelium. To test whether CagA is important in promoting iron acquisition in vivo, we compared colonization of Hp in iron-replete vs. iron-deficient Mongolian gerbils. While wild type Hp and ΔcagA mutants colonized iron-replete gerbils at similar levels, ΔcagA mutants are markedly impaired in colonizing iron-deficient gerbils. Our study indicates that CagA and VacA act in concert to usurp the polarized process of host cell iron uptake, allowing Hp to use the cell surface as a replicative niche. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a bacterium that chronically infects the stomach of humans and can lead to serious illness. To survive in the stomach, the bacteria intimately interact with the epithelial lining. Some inject the virulence protein CagA into the host cells, and we previously showed that CagA helps Hp survive and grow directly on the epithelial cell surface. Iron is one of the limiting factors that infectious bacteria must acquire from their host. Using a model polarized epithelium system, we discovered that CagA is able to alter the internalization, intracellular transport, and polarity of the transferrin/transferrin receptor iron uptake system. This allows the bacteria to shuttle iron across the epithelium and suggests a novel mechanism of iron acquisition from host cells, enabling Hp growth on the cell surface. Another major virulence factor of Hp, VacA, is also involved in this process. To test the role of CagA in iron acquisition in vivo, we infected iron-deficient Mongolian gerbils and found that CagA-deficient bacteria had a decreased ability to colonize the stomach. Our study illustrates how microbes that chronically infect our mucosal surfaces can manipulate the epithelium to acquire micronutrients from host cells and grow on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Noto
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Manuel R. Amieva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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42
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Schneider BG, Peng DF, Camargo MC, Piazuelo MB, Sicinschi LA, Mera R, Romero-Gallo J, Delgado AG, Bravo LE, Wilson KT, Peek RM, Correa P, El-Rifai W. Promoter DNA hypermethylation in gastric biopsies from subjects at high and low risk for gastric cancer. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:2588-97. [PMID: 20178103 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gene promoter CpG island hypermethylation is associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and may be an important initiator of gastric carcinogenesis. To examine factors influencing methylation, we utilized bisulfite Pyrosequencing® technology for quantitative analysis of promoter DNA methylation in RPRM, APC, MGMT and TWIST1 genes using DNA from 86 gastric biopsies from Colombian residents of areas with high and low incidence of gastric cancer. H. pylori colonies were cultured from the same subjects, and gastric pathology was evaluated. Virulence factors cagA (including segments of the 3' end, encoding EPIYA polymorphisms) and vacA s and m regions were characterized in the H. pylori strains. Using univariate analysis, we found significantly elevated levels of RPRM and TWIST1 promoter DNA methylation in biopsies from residents of the high-risk region compared to those from residents of the low-risk region. The presence of cagA and vacA s1m1 alleles were independently associated with elevated levels of promoter DNA methylation of RPRM and MGMT. Using multivariate analysis, DNA methylation of RPRM was associated with location of residence, cagA and vacA s1m1 status and methylation of TWIST1. We conclude that cagA and vacA virulence determinants are significantly associated with quantitative differences in promoter DNA methylation in these populations, but that other as yet undefined factors that differ between the populations may also contribute to variation in methylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara G Schneider
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0252, USA.
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43
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Ogden SR, Noto JM, Allen SS, Patel DA, Romero-Gallo J, Washington MK, Fingleton B, Israel DA, Lewis ND, Wilson KT, Chaturvedi R, Zhao Z, Shyr Y, Peek RM. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 and premalignant host responses in Helicobacter pylori-infected mice. Cancer Res 2010; 70:30-5. [PMID: 20048070 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis is the strongest singular risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) is a proteolytic enzyme that can modify the intestinal microbial replicative niche as well as affect tumorigenesis, and H. pylori stimulates expression of MMP-7 in gastric epithelial cells in vitro. Utilizing a transgenic murine model of H. pylori-mediated injury, our experiments now show that gastric inflammation is increased within the context of MMP-7 deficiency, which involves both Th1- and Th17-mediated pathways. Enhanced gastritis in H. pylori-infected mmp-7-/- mice is strongly linked to accelerated epithelial cellular turnover. However, more severe inflammation and heightened proliferation and apoptosis are not dependent on MMP-7-mediated bacterial eradication. Collectively, these studies indicate that H. pylori-mediated induction of MMP-7 may serve to protect the gastric mucosa from pathophysiologic processes that promote carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth R Ogden
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2279, USA
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44
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Pohl MA, Romero-Gallo J, Guruge JL, Tse DB, Gordon JI, Blaser MJ. Host-dependent Lewis (Le) antigen expression in Helicobacter pylori cells recovered from Leb-transgenic mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:3061-72. [PMID: 20008521 PMCID: PMC2806470 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20090683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Variation of surface antigen expression is a mechanism used by microbes to adapt to and persist within their host habitats. Helicobacter pylori, a persistent bacterial colonizer of the human stomach, can alter its surface Lewis (Le) antigen expression. We examined H. pylori colonization in mice to test the hypothesis that host phenotype selects for H. pylori (Le) phenotypes. When wild-type and Leb-expressing transgenic FVB/N mice were challenged with H. pylori strain HP1, expressing Lex and Ley, we found that bacterial populations recovered after 8 mo from Leb-transgenic, but not wild-type, mice expressed Leb. Changes in Le phenotype were linked to variation of a putative galactosyltransferase gene (β-(1,3)galT); mutagenesis and complementation revealed its essential role in type I antigen expression. These studies indicate that H. pylori evolves to resemble the host's gastric Le phenotype, and reveal a bacterial genetic locus that is subject to host-driven selection pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Pohl
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine and Veteran's Administration Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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45
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Schneider N, Krishna U, Romero-Gallo J, Israel DA, Piazuelo MB, Camargo MC, Sicinschi LA, Schneider BG, Correa P, Peek RM. Role of Helicobacter pylori CagA molecular variations in induction of host phenotypes with carcinogenic potential. J Infect Dis 2009; 199:1218-21. [PMID: 19278338 DOI: 10.1086/597416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori cagA-positive strains exert population-specific risks for gastric cancer. We determined whether variations in CagA phosphorylation motifs were associated with carcinogenic or proinflammatory epithelial phenotypes induced by strains from regions with divergent cancer risks (Colombia and Nashville, TN). Motif number was significantly related to levels of CagA phosphorylation and cytoskeletal abnormalities. Precancerous isolates possessed a higher number of motifs, and precancerous strains from Nashville induced higher levels of IL-8 than Colombian strains. These results indicate that CagA variants are linked with premalignant lesions in distinct populations and that epithelial responses to these strains are selective based upon locale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Schneider
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2279, USA
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46
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Franco AT, Friedman DB, Nagy TA, Romero-Gallo J, Krishna U, Kendall A, Israel DA, Tegtmeyer N, Washington MK, Peek RM. Delineation of a carcinogenic Helicobacter pylori proteome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 8:1947-58. [PMID: 19470446 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m900139-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the strongest known risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma, yet only a fraction of infected persons ever develop cancer. The extensive genetic diversity inherent to this pathogen has precluded comprehensive analyses of constituents that mediate carcinogenesis. We previously reported that in vivo adaptation of a non-carcinogenic H. pylori strain endowed the output derivative with the ability to induce adenocarcinoma, providing a unique opportunity to identify proteins selectively expressed by an oncogenic H. pylori strain. Using a global proteomics DIGE/MS approach, a novel missense mutation of the flagellar protein FlaA was identified that affects structure and function of this virulence-related organelle. Among 25 additional differentially abundant proteins, this approach also identified new proteins previously unassociated with gastric cancer, generating a profile of H. pylori proteins to use in vaccine development and for screening persons infected with strains most likely to induce severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aime T Franco
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2279, USA
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47
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Sicinschi LA, Correa P, Peek RM, Camargo MC, Piazuelo MB, Romero-Gallo J, Hobbs SS, Krishna U, Delgado A, Mera R, Bravo LE, Schneider BG. CagA C-terminal variations in Helicobacter pylori strains from Colombian patients with gastric precancerous lesions. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 16:369-78. [PMID: 19456839 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02811.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The C-terminus of the Helicobacter pylori CagA protein is polymorphic, bearing different EPIYA sequences (EPIYA-A, B, C or D), and one or more CagA multimerization (CM) motifs. The number of EPIYA-C motifs is associated with precancerous lesions and gastric cancer (GC). The relationship between EPIYA, CM motifs and gastric lesions was examined in H. pylori-infected Colombian patients from areas of high and low risk for GC. Genomic DNA was extracted from H. pylori strains cultured from gastric biopsies from 80 adults with dyspeptic symptoms. Sixty-seven (83.8%) of 80 strains were cagA positive. The 3' region of cagA was sequenced, and EPIYA and CM motifs were identified. CagA proteins contained one (64.2%), two (34.3%) or three EPIYA-C motifs (1.5%), all with Western type CagA-specific sequences. Strains with one EPIYA-C motif were associated with less severe gastric lesions (non-atrophic and multifocal atrophic gastritis), whereas strains with multiple EPIYA-C motifs were associated with more severe lesions (intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia) (p <0.001). In 54 strains, the CM motifs were identical to those common in Western strains. Thirteen strains from the low-risk area contained two different CM motifs: one of Western type located within the EPIYA-C segment and another following the EPIYA-C segment and resembling the CM motif found in East Asian strains. These strains induced significantly shorter projections in AGS cells and an attenuated reduction in levels of CagA upon immunodepletion of SHP-2 than strains possessing Western/Western motifs. This novel finding may partially explain the difference in GC incidence in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Sicinschi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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48
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Wroblewski LE, Shen L, Ogden S, Romero-Gallo J, Lapierre LA, Israel DA, Turner JR, Peek RM. Helicobacter pylori dysregulation of gastric epithelial tight junctions by urease-mediated myosin II activation. Gastroenterology 2009; 136:236-46. [PMID: 18996125 PMCID: PMC2678540 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Revised: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis predisposes to the development of gastric cancer. Increased epithelial tight junction permeability and alterations in apical-junctional complexes are also associated with an increased risk of carcinogenesis. Phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain (MLC) by MLC kinase (MLCK) regulates tight junction function. We determined whether MLCK was activated by H pylori and defined the mechanisms through which such activation dysregulates gastric epithelial barrier function. METHODS MKN28 gastric epithelial cells were cocultured with the H pylori cag(+) strain 60190 or cagA(-), cagE(-), ureB(-), or vacA(-) mutants. MLC phosphorylation and barrier integrity were determined by immunoblot analysis and transepithelial electrical resistance measurements, respectively. Localization of the tight junction protein occludin was determined by immunocytochemistry in MKN28 cells and INS-GAS mice. RESULTS H pylori induced a progressive loss of barrier function that was attenuated by inactivation of ureB, but not cagA, cagE, or vacA. Reductions in transepithelial electrical resistance were also dependent on functional urease activity. H pylori increased MLC phosphorylation in epithelial monolayers; this was significantly decreased by inhibition of MLCK or Rho kinase or by loss of UreB. H pylori infection of either cultured monolayers or hypergastrinemic INS-GAS mice induced occludin endocytosis, reflecting cytoskeletally mediated disruption of tight junctions. CONCLUSIONS H pylori increases MLC phosphorylation, occludin internalization and barrier dysfunction in gastric epithelial cells. This process requires functional urease activity and is independent of the cag pathogenicity island or VacA. These data provide new insights into the mechanisms by which H pylori disrupts gastric barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia E. Wroblewski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-2279, USA
| | - Le Shen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Seth Ogden
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-2279, USA
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-2279, USA
| | - Lynne A. Lapierre
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Dawn A. Israel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-2279, USA
| | - Jerrold R. Turner
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-2279, USA
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49
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Biswas S, Trobridge P, Romero-Gallo J, Billheimer D, Myeroff LL, Willson JKV, Markowitz SD, Grady WM. Mutational inactivation of TGFBR2 in microsatellite unstable colon cancer arises from the cooperation of genomic instability and the clonal outgrowth of transforming growth factor beta resistant cells. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2008; 47:95-106. [PMID: 17985359 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The mutational inactivation of transforming growth factor beta receptor type II (TGFBR2) occurs in approximately 30% of colon cancers and promotes the formation of colon cancer by inhibiting the tumor suppressor activity of the TGFB signaling pathway. TGFBR2 mutations occur in >90% of microsatellite unstable (MSI) colon cancers and affect a polyadenine tract in exon 3 of TGFBR2, called BAT-RII, which is vulnerable to mutation in the setting of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system deficiency. In light of the vulnerable nature of the BAT-RII tract in the setting of MMR inactivation and the favorable effects of TGFBR2 inactivation in colon cancer, analysis of TGFBR2 inactivation provides an opportunity to assess the roles of genomic instability vs. clonal selection in cells acquiring TGFBR2 BAT-RII tract mutations in MSI colon cancer formation. The contribution of genomic instability and/or clonal evolution to the mutational inactivation of TGBFR2 in MSI colon cancers has not been studied in a systematic way that would allow a determination of the relative contribution of these two mechanisms in the formation of MSI colon cancer. It has not been demonstrated whether the BAT-RII tract mutations are strictly a consequence of the BAT-RII region being hypermutable in the setting of MMR deficiency or if the mutations are rather a consequence of clonal selection pressure against the TGFB receptor. Through the use of defined cell line systems, we show that both genomic instability and clonal selection of TGFB resistant cells contribute to the high frequency of TGFBR2 mutations in MSI colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Biswas
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN, USA
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50
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O'Brien DP, Romero-Gallo J, Schneider BG, Chaturvedi R, Delgado A, Harris EJ, Krishna U, Ogden SR, Israel DA, Wilson KT, Peek RM. Regulation of the Helicobacter pylori cellular receptor decay-accelerating factor. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:23922-30. [PMID: 18579524 PMCID: PMC2527108 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m801144200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Revised: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic gastritis induced by Helicobacter pylori is the strongest known risk factor for peptic ulceration and distal gastric cancer, and adherence of H. pylori to gastric epithelial cells is critical for induction of inflammation. One H. pylori constituent that increases disease risk is the cag pathogenicity island, which encodes a secretion system that translocates bacterial effector molecules into host cells. Decay-accelerating factor (DAF) is a cellular receptor for H. pylori and a mediator of the inflammatory response to this pathogen. H. pylori induces DAF expression in human gastric epithelial cells; therefore, we sought to define the mechanism by which H. pylori up-regulates DAF and to extend these findings into a murine model of H. pylori-induced injury. Co-culture of MKN28 gastric epithelial cells with the wild-type H. pylori cag(+) strain J166 induced transcriptional expression of DAF, which was attenuated by disruption of a structural component of the cag secretion system (cagE). H. pylori-induced expression of DAF was dependent upon activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway but not NF-kappaB. Hypergastrinemic INS-GAS mice infected with wild-type H. pylori demonstrated significantly increased DAF expression in gastric epithelium versus uninfected controls or mice infected with an H. pylori cagE(-) isogenic mutant strain. These results indicate that H. pylori cag(+) strains induce up-regulation of a cognate cellular receptor in vitro and in vivo in a cag-dependent manner, representing the first evidence of regulation of an H. pylori host receptor by the cag pathogenicity island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. O'Brien
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department
of Medicine, Department of Cancer Biology, and
Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University
School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2279 and
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Nashville, Tennessee 37212
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department
of Medicine, Department of Cancer Biology, and
Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University
School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2279 and
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Nashville, Tennessee 37212
| | - Barbara G. Schneider
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department
of Medicine, Department of Cancer Biology, and
Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University
School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2279 and
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Nashville, Tennessee 37212
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department
of Medicine, Department of Cancer Biology, and
Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University
School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2279 and
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Nashville, Tennessee 37212
| | - Alberto Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department
of Medicine, Department of Cancer Biology, and
Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University
School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2279 and
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Nashville, Tennessee 37212
| | - Elizabeth J. Harris
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department
of Medicine, Department of Cancer Biology, and
Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University
School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2279 and
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Nashville, Tennessee 37212
| | - Uma Krishna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department
of Medicine, Department of Cancer Biology, and
Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University
School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2279 and
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Nashville, Tennessee 37212
| | - Seth R. Ogden
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department
of Medicine, Department of Cancer Biology, and
Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University
School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2279 and
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Nashville, Tennessee 37212
| | - Dawn A. Israel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department
of Medicine, Department of Cancer Biology, and
Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University
School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2279 and
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Nashville, Tennessee 37212
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department
of Medicine, Department of Cancer Biology, and
Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University
School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2279 and
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Nashville, Tennessee 37212
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department
of Medicine, Department of Cancer Biology, and
Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University
School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2279 and
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Nashville, Tennessee 37212
| |
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