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Korir ML, Doster RS, Lu J, Guevara MA, Spicer SK, Moore RE, Francis JD, Rogers LM, Haley KP, Blackman A, Noble KN, Eastman AJ, Williams JA, Damo SM, Boyd KL, Townsend SD, Henrique Serezani C, Aronoff DM, Manning SD, Gaddy JA. Streptococcus agalactiae cadD alleviates metal stress and promotes intracellular survival in macrophages and ascending infection during pregnancy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5392. [PMID: 36104331 PMCID: PMC9474517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal infection with Streptococcus agalactiae, or Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is associated with preterm birth, neonatal sepsis, and stillbirth. Here, we study the interactions of GBS with macrophages, essential sentinel immune cells that defend the gravid reproductive tract. Transcriptional analyses of GBS-macrophage co-cultures reveal enhanced expression of a gene encoding a putative metal resistance determinant, cadD. Deletion of cadD reduces GBS survival in macrophages, metal efflux, and resistance to metal toxicity. In a mouse model of ascending infection during pregnancy, the ΔcadD strain displays attenuated bacterial burden, inflammation, and cytokine production in gestational tissues. Furthermore, depletion of host macrophages alters cytokine expression and decreases GBS invasion in a cadD-dependent fashion. Our results indicate that GBS cadD plays an important role in metal detoxification, which promotes immune evasion and bacterial proliferation in the pregnant host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Korir
- Michigan State University, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Aurora University, Department of Biology, Aurora, IL, USA
| | - Ryan S Doster
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jacky Lu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Miriam A Guevara
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sabrina K Spicer
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca E Moore
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jamisha D Francis
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lisa M Rogers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kathryn P Haley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, USA
| | - Amondrea Blackman
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kristen N Noble
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alison J Eastman
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Janice A Williams
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Steven M Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - C Henrique Serezani
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David M Aronoff
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shannon D Manning
- Michigan State University, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Center for Medicine, Health, and Society, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Nashville, TN, USA.
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Vogt
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | | | - Kelli L Boyd
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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3
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McNew KL, Abraham A, Sack DE, Smart CD, Pettway YD, Falk AC, Lister RL, Faucon AB, Bejan CA, Capra JA, Aronoff DM, Boyd KL, Moore DJ. Vascular alterations impede fragile tolerance to pregnancy in type 1 diabetes. F S Sci 2022; 3:148-158. [PMID: 35560012 PMCID: PMC9850286 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of autoimmunity in the absence of glycemic alterations on pregnancy in type 1 diabetes (T1D). DESIGN Because nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice experience autoimmunity before the onset of hyperglycemia, we studied pregnancy outcomes in prediabetic NOD mice using flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Once we determined that adverse events in pregnancy occurred in euglycemic mice, we performed an exploratory study using electronic health records to better understand pregnancy complications in humans with T1D and normal hemoglobin A1c levels. SETTING University Medical Center. PATIENT(S)/ANIMAL(S) Nonobese diabetic mice and electronic health records from Vanderbilt University Medical Center. INTERVENTION(S) Nonobese diabetic mice were administered 200 μg of an anti-interleukin 6 (IL-6) antibody every other day starting on day 5 of gestation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Changes in the number of abnormal and reabsorbed pups in NOD mice and odds of vascular complications in pregnancy in T1D in relation to A1c. RESULT(S) Prediabetic NOD mice had increased adverse pregnancy outcomes compared with nonautoimmune mice; blockade of IL-6, which was secreted by endothelial cells, decreased the number of reabsorbed and abnormal fetuses. Similarly, vascular complications were increased in pregnant patients with T1D across all A1c values. CONCLUSION(S) The vascular secretion of IL-6 drives adverse pregnancy outcomes in prediabetic NOD mice. Pregnant patients with T1D have increased vascular complications even with normal hemoglobin A1cs, indicating a potential effect of autoimmunity on the placental vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L. McNew
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt University Medical Scientist Training Program, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Abin Abraham
- Vanderbilt University Medical Scientist Training Program, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel E. Sack
- Vanderbilt University Medical Scientist Training Program, Nashville, Tennessee,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Charles Duncan Smart
- Vanderbilt University Medical Scientist Training Program, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yasminye D. Pettway
- Vanderbilt University Medical Scientist Training Program, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alexander C. Falk
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rolanda L. Lister
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Annika B. Faucon
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Cosmin A. Bejan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John A. Capra
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - David M. Aronoff
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kelli L. Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Gilead Science, Inc., Foster, California
| | - Daniel J. Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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4
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Toki S, Newcomb DC, Printz RL, Cahill KN, Boyd KL, Niswender KD, Peebles RS. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist inhibits aeroallergen-induced activation of ILC2 and neutrophilic airway inflammation in obese mice. Allergy 2021; 76:3433-3445. [PMID: 33955007 PMCID: PMC8597133 DOI: 10.1111/all.14879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for the development of asthma. However, pharmacologic therapeutic strategies that specifically target obese asthmatics have not been identified. We hypothesize that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) treatment inhibits aeroallergen-induced early innate airway inflammation in a mouse model of asthma in the setting of obesity. METHODS SWR (lean) and TALLYHO (obese) mice were challenged intranasally with Alternaria alternata extract (Alt-Ext) or PBS for 4 consecutive days concurrent with GLP-1RA or vehicle treatment. RESULTS TALLYHO mice had greater Alt-Ext-induced airway neutrophilia and lung protein expression of IL-5, IL-13, CCL11, CXCL1, and CXCL5, in addition to ICAM-1 expression on lung epithelial cells compared with SWR mice, and all endpoints were reduced by GLP-1RA treatment. Alt-Ext significantly increased BALF IL-33 in both TALLYHO and SWR mice compared to PBS challenge, but there was no difference in the BALF IL-33 levels between these two strains. However, TALLYHO, but not SWR, mice had significantly higher airway TSLP in BALF following Alt-Ext challenge compared to PBS, and BALF TSLP was significantly greater in TALLYHO mice compared to SWR mice following airway Alt-Ext challenge. GLP-1RA treatment significantly decreased the Alt-Ext-induced TSLP and IL-33 release in TALLYHO mice. While TSLP or ST2 inhibition with a neutralizing antibody decreased airway eosinophils, they did not reduce airway neutrophils in TALLYHO mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that GLP-1RA treatment may be a novel pharmacologic therapeutic strategy for obese persons with asthma by inhibiting aeroallergen-induced neutrophilia, a feature not seen with either TSLP or ST2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Toki
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Dawn C. Newcomb
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and ImmunologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Richard L. Printz
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and MetabolismVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Katherine N. Cahill
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Kelli L. Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and ImmunologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Kevin D. Niswender
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and MetabolismVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
- United States Department of Veterans AffairsTennessee Valley Healthcare SystemNashvilleTNUSA
| | - R. Stokes Peebles
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care MedicineVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and ImmunologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
- United States Department of Veterans AffairsTennessee Valley Healthcare SystemNashvilleTNUSA
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5
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Kaczmarek JV, Bogan CM, Pierce JM, Tao YK, Chen SC, Liu Q, Liu X, Boyd KL, Calcutt MW, Bridges TM, Lindsley CW, Friedman DL, Richmond A, Daniels AB. Intravitreal HDAC Inhibitor Belinostat Effectively Eradicates Vitreous Seeds Without Retinal Toxicity In Vivo in a Rabbit Retinoblastoma Model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:8. [PMID: 34757417 PMCID: PMC8590161 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.14.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Current melphalan-based regimens for intravitreal chemotherapy for retinoblastoma vitreous seeds are effective but toxic to the retina. Thus, alternative agents are needed. Based on the known biology of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the retinoblastoma pathway, we systematically studied whether the HDAC inhibitor belinostat is a viable, molecularly targeted alternative agent for intravitreal delivery that might provide comparable efficacy, without toxicity. Methods In vivo pharmacokinetic experiments in rabbits and in vitro cytotoxicity experiments were performed to determine the 90% inhibitory concentration (IC90). Functional toxicity by electroretinography and structural toxicity by optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography, and histopathology were evaluated in rabbits following three injections of belinostat 350 µg (2× IC90) or 700 µg (4× IC90), compared with melphalan 12.5 µg (rabbit equivalent of the human dose). The relative efficacy of intravitreal belinostat versus melphalan to treat WERI-Rb1 human cell xenografts in rabbit eyes was directly quantified. RNA sequencing was used to assess belinostat-induced changes in RB cell gene expression. Results The maximum nontoxic dose of belinostat was 350 µg, which caused no reductions in electroretinography parameters, retinal microvascular loss on OCT angiography, or retinal degeneration. Melphalan caused severe retinal structural and functional toxicity. Belinostat 350 µg (equivalent to 700 µg in the larger human eye) was equally effective at eradicating vitreous seeds in the rabbit xenograft model compared with melphalan (95.5% reduction for belinostat, P < 0.001; 89.4% reduction for melphalan, P < 0.001; belinostat vs. melphalan, P = 0.10). Even 700 µg belinostat (equivalent to 1400 µg in humans) caused only minimal toxicity. Widespread changes in gene expression resulted. Conclusions Molecularly targeted inhibition of HDACs with intravitreal belinostat was equally effective as standard-of-care melphalan but without retinal toxicity. Belinostat may therefore be an attractive agent to pursue clinically for intravitreal treatment of retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica V Kaczmarek
- Division of Ocular Oncology and Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Carley M Bogan
- Division of Ocular Oncology and Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Janene M Pierce
- Division of Ocular Oncology and Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Yuankai K Tao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Sheau-Chiann Chen
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Qi Liu
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Xiao Liu
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Thomas M Bridges
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery at Vanderbilt, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery at Vanderbilt, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Debra L Friedman
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Ann Richmond
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Anthony B Daniels
- Division of Ocular Oncology and Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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6
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Boyd KL, Saccomanno S, Coceani Paskay Hv L, Quinzi V, Marzo G. Maldevelopment of the cranio-facial-respiratory complex: A Darwinian perspective. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2021; 22:225-229. [PMID: 34544252 DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2021.22.03.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The mammalian Cranio-Facial-Respiratory Complex (CFRC) comprises several different biological tissues that collectively function under coordination from the central nervous and cardiorespiratory systems, primarily to breathe, eat and drink as well as integrating the sensory and motor systems for speech, communication and protective mechanisms. Anthropologists have long recognised that lifelong exposure to modern feeding regimens of readily available and highly processed foods, changes in breastfeeding and weaning, can impact expression of various phenotypic traits affecting the CFRC quite differently than does lifelong exposure to more traditional ancestral feeding regimens, typical of hunter-gather/foraging in non-Western-exposed cultures. The aim of this study is to highlight the role of the paediatric dentist in a multidisciplinary approach in which professionals working in and around the CFRC can actively prevent tooth decay and skeletal-dental malocclusion in the light of evolutionary oral medicine. RESULTS As a result of changes in the environment, in the food quality, in eating and feeding practices starting from day one, two oral diseases of civilisation, tooth decay and skeletal-dental malocclusion, have both relatively recently reached worldwide epidemic proportions and afflict people of all ages. CONCLUSION A multidisciplinary approach in which professionals working in and around the CFRC can actively promote prevention or reversal of dento-skeletal and myofunctional disorders, diagnose them when present and coordinate the appropriate therapy and life long maintenance programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Boyd
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago. Chicago, USA
| | - S Saccomanno
- Department of Health, Life and Environmental Science, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - L Coceani Paskay Hv
- Academy of Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy (AOMT), Pacific Palisades, California, USA
| | - V Quinzi
- Department of Health, Life and Environmental Science, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - G Marzo
- Department of Health, Life and Environmental Science, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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7
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Daniels AB, Froehler MT, Kaczmarek JV, Bogan CM, Santapuram PR, Pierce JM, Chen SC, Schremp EA, Boyd KL, Tao YK, Calcutt MW, Koyama T, Richmond A, Friedman DL. Efficacy, Toxicity, and Pharmacokinetics of Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy Versus Intravenous Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma in Animal Models and Patients. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:10. [PMID: 34495330 PMCID: PMC8431978 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.11.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Through controlled comparative rabbit experiments and parallel patient studies, our purpose was to understand mechanisms underlying differences in efficacy and toxicity between intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) and intravenous chemotherapy (IVC). Methods In rabbits, ocular tissue drug levels were measured following IAC and IVC. Retinal toxicity was assessed using electroretinography, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography. Efficacy to eradicate retinoblastoma orthotopic xenografts was compared. In IAC and IVC patients, we measured blood carboplatin pharmacokinetics and compared efficacy and toxicity. Results In rabbits receiving IAC, maximum carboplatin levels were 134 times greater in retina (P = 0.01) and 411 times greater in vitreous (P < 0.001), and total carboplatin (area under the curve) was 123 times greater in retina (P = 0.005) and 131 times greater in vitreous (P = 0.02) compared with IVC. Melphalan levels were 12 times greater (P = 0.003) in retina and 26 times greater in vitreous (P < 0.001) for IAC. Blood levels were not different. IAC melphalan (but not IV melphalan or IV carboplatin, etoposide, and vincristine) caused widespread apoptosis in retinoblastoma xenografts but no functional retinal toxicity or cytopenias. In patients, blood levels following IVC were greater (P < 0.001) but, when adjusted for treatment dose, were not statistically different. Per treatment cycle in patients, IVC caused higher rates of anemia (0.32 ± 0.29 vs. 0.01 ± 0.04; P = 0.0086), thrombocytopenia (0.5 ± 0.42 vs. 0.0 ± 0.0; P = 0.0042), and neutropenia (0.58 ± 0.3 vs. 0.31 ± 0.25; P = 0.032) but lower treatment success rates (P = 0.0017). Conclusions The greater efficacy and lower systemic toxicity with IAC appear to be attributable to the greater ocular-to-systemic drug concentration ratio compared with IVC. Translational Relevance Provides an overarching hypothesis for a mechanism of efficacy/toxicity to guide future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony B. Daniels
- Division of Ocular Oncology and Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael T. Froehler
- Cerebrovascular Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jessica V. Kaczmarek
- Division of Ocular Oncology and Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carley M. Bogan
- Division of Ocular Oncology and Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pranav R. Santapuram
- Division of Ocular Oncology and Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Janene M. Pierce
- Division of Ocular Oncology and Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sheau-Chiann Chen
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emma A. Schremp
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelli L. Boyd
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yuankai K. Tao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Tatsuki Koyama
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ann Richmond
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Debra L. Friedman
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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8
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Liu Y, Zienkiewicz J, Boyd KL, Smith TE, Xu ZQ, Hawiger J. Hyperlipidemic hypersensitivity to lethal microbial inflammation and its reversal by selective targeting of nuclear transport shuttles. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11907. [PMID: 34099795 PMCID: PMC8184916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91395-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia, the hallmark of Metabolic Syndrome that afflicts millions of people worldwide, exacerbates life-threatening infections. We present a new evidence for the mechanism of hyperlipidemic hypersensitivity to microbial inflammation caused by pathogen-derived inducer, LPS. We demonstrate that hyperlipidemic animals succumbed to a non-lethal dose of LPS whereas normolipidemic controls survived. Strikingly, survival of hyperlipidemic animals was restored when the nuclear import of stress-responsive transcription factors (SRTFs), Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Proteins (SREBPs), and Carbohydrate-Responsive Element-Binding Proteins (ChREBPs) was impeded by targeting the nuclear transport checkpoint with cell-penetrating, biselective nuclear transport modifier (NTM) peptide. Furthermore, the burst of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, microvascular endothelial injury in the liver, lungs, heart, and kidneys, and trafficking of inflammatory cells were also suppressed. To dissect the role of nuclear transport signaling pathways we designed and developed importin-selective NTM peptides. Selective targeting of the importin α5, ferrying SRTFs and ChREBPs, protected 70-100% hyperlipidemic animals. Targeting importin β1, that transports SREBPs, was only effective after 3-week treatment that lowered blood triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, and averted fatty liver. Thus, the mechanism of hyperlipidemic hypersensitivity to lethal microbial inflammation depends on metabolic and proinflammatory transcription factors mobilization, which can be counteracted by targeting the nuclear transport checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jozef Zienkiewicz
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Taylor E Smith
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zhi-Qi Xu
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jacek Hawiger
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 21st Avenue South, T-1218, MCN, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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Bogan CM, Kaczmarek JV, Pierce JM, Chen SC, Boyd KL, Calcutt MW, Bridges TM, Lindsley CW, Nadelmann JB, Liao A, Hsieh T, Abramson DH, Francis JH, Friedman DL, Richmond A, Daniels AB. Evaluation of intravitreal topotecan dose levels, toxicity and efficacy for retinoblastoma vitreous seeds: a preclinical and clinical study. Br J Ophthalmol 2021; 106:288-296. [PMID: 33972235 PMCID: PMC8788260 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-318529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Current melphalan-based intravitreal regimens for retinoblastoma (RB) vitreous seeds cause retinal toxicity. We assessed the efficacy and toxicity of topotecan monotherapy compared with melphalan in our rabbit model and patient cohort. Methods Rabbit experiments: empiric pharmacokinetics were determined following topotecan injection. For topotecan (15 μg or 30 µg), melphalan (12.5 µg) or saline, toxicity was evaluated by serial electroretinography (ERG) and histopathology, and efficacy against vitreous seed xenografts was measured by tumour cell reduction and apoptosis induction. Patients: retrospective cohort study of 235 patients receiving 990 intravitreal injections of topotecan or melphalan. Results Intravitreal topotecan 30 µg (equals 60 µg in humans) achieved the IC90 across the rabbit vitreous. Three weekly topotecan injections (either 15 µg or 30 µg) caused no retinal toxicity in rabbits, whereas melphalan 12.5 µg (equals 25 µg in humans) reduced ERG amplitudes 42%–79%. Intravitreal topotecan 15 µg was equally effective to melphalan to treat WERI-Rb1 cell xenografts in rabbits (96% reduction for topotecan vs saline (p=0.004), 88% reduction for melphalan vs saline (p=0.004), topotecan vs melphalan, p=0.15). In our clinical study, patients received 881 monotherapy injections (48 topotecan, 833 melphalan). Patients receiving 20 µg or 30 µg topotecan demonstrated no significant ERG reductions; melphalan caused ERG reductions of 7.6 μV for every injection of 25 µg (p=0.03) or 30 µg (p<0.001). Most patients treated with intravitreal topotecan also received intravitreal melphalan at some point during their treatment course. Among those eyes treated exclusively with topotecan monotherapy, all eyes were salvaged. Conclusions Taken together, these experiments suggest that intravitreal topotecan monotherapy for the treatment of RB vitreous seeds is non-toxic and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carley M Bogan
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jessica V Kaczmarek
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Janene M Pierce
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sheau-Chiann Chen
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Thomas M Bridges
- Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Albert Liao
- Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Terry Hsieh
- Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - David H Abramson
- Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jasmine H Francis
- Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Debra L Friedman
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ann Richmond
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Nashville Campus, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anthony B Daniels
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA .,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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10
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Ludwik KA, Sandusky ZM, Stauffer KM, Li Y, Boyd KL, O'Doherty GA, Stricker TP, Lannigan DA. RSK2 Maintains Adult Estrogen Homeostasis by Inhibiting ERK1/2-Mediated Degradation of Estrogen Receptor Alpha. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107931. [PMID: 32697984 PMCID: PMC7465694 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to estrogens, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), a critical regulator of homeostasis, is degraded through the 26S proteasome. However, despite the continued presence of estrogen before menopause, ERα protein levels are maintained. We discovered that ERK1/2-RSK2 activity oscillates during the estrous cycle. In response to high estrogen levels, ERK1/2 is activated and phosphorylates ERα to drive ERα degradation and estrogen-responsive gene expression. Reduction of estrogen levels results in ERK1/2 deactivation. RSK2 maintains redox homeostasis, which prevents sustained ERK1/2 activation. In juveniles, ERK1/2-RSK2 activity is not required. Mammary gland regeneration demonstrates that ERK1/2-RSK2 regulation of ERα is intrinsic to the epithelium. Reduced RSK2 and enrichment in an estrogen-regulated gene signature occur in individuals taking oral contraceptives. RSK2 loss enhances DNA damage, which may account for the elevated breast cancer risk with the use of exogenous estrogens. These findings implicate RSK2 as a critical component for the preservation of estrogen homeostasis. Ludwik et al. find that ERK1/2-RSK2 activity oscillates with each reproductive cycle. The estrogen surge activates ERK1/2, which phosphorylates estrogen receptor alpha to drive estrogen responsiveness. Active RSK2 acts as a brake on the estrogen response by maintaining redox homeostasis. Oral contraceptive use correlates with disruption of ERK1/2-RSK2 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Ludwik
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Zachary M Sandusky
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kimberly M Stauffer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - George A O'Doherty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas P Stricker
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Deborah A Lannigan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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11
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Thomas PL, Groves SM, Zhang YK, Li J, Gonzalez-Ericsson P, Sivagnanam S, Betts CB, Chen HC, Liu Q, Lowe C, Chen H, Boyd KL, Kopparapu PR, Yan Y, Coussens LM, Quaranta V, Tyson DR, Iams W, Lovly CM. Beyond Programmed Death-Ligand 1: B7-H6 Emerges as a Potential Immunotherapy Target in SCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2021; 16:1211-1223. [PMID: 33839362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors, atezolizumab and durvalumab, have received regulatory approval for the first-line treatment of patients with extensive-stage SCLC. Nevertheless, when used in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy, these PD-L1 inhibitors only improve overall survival by 2 to 3 months. This may be due to the observation that less than 20% of SCLC tumors express PD-L1 at greater than 1%. Evaluating the composition and abundance of checkpoint molecules in SCLC may identify molecules beyond PD-L1 that are amenable to therapeutic targeting. METHODS We analyzed RNA-sequencing data from SCLC cell lines (n = 108) and primary tumor specimens (n = 81) for expression of 39 functionally validated inhibitory checkpoint ligands. Furthermore, we generated tissue microarrays containing SCLC cell lines and patient with SCLC specimens to confirm expression of these molecules by immunohistochemistry. We annotated patient outcomes data, including treatment response and overall survival. RESULTS The checkpoint protein B7-H6 (NCR3LG1) exhibited increased protein expression relative to PD-L1 in cell lines and tumors (p < 0.05). Higher B7-H6 protein expression correlated with longer progression-free survival (p = 0.0368) and increased total immune infiltrates (CD45+) in patients. Furthermore, increased B7-H6 gene expression in SCLC tumors correlated with a decreased activated natural killer cell gene signature, suggesting a complex interplay between B7-H6 expression and immune signature in SCLC. CONCLUSIONS We investigated 39 inhibitory checkpoint molecules in SCLC and found that B7-H6 is highly expressed and associated with progression-free survival. In addition, 26 of 39 immune checkpoint proteins in SCLC tumors were more abundantly expressed than PD-L1, indicating an urgent need to investigate additional checkpoint targets for therapy in addition to PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Portia L Thomas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Physiology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee; School of Graduate Studies & Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sarah M Groves
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yun-Kai Zhang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Paula Gonzalez-Ericsson
- Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shamilene Sivagnanam
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Courtney B Betts
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Hua-Chang Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Cindy Lowe
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Heidi Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Prasad R Kopparapu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yingjun Yan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lisa M Coussens
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Vito Quaranta
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Darren R Tyson
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wade Iams
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christine M Lovly
- School of Graduate Studies & Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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12
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Bogan CM, Pierce JM, Doss SD, Tao YK, Chen SC, Boyd KL, Liao A, Hsieh T, Abramson DH, Francis JH, Friedman DL, Richmond A, Daniels AB. Intravitreal melphalan hydrochloride vs propylene glycol-free melphalan for retinoblastoma vitreous seeds: Efficacy, toxicity and stability in rabbits models and patients. Exp Eye Res 2021; 204:108439. [PMID: 33444583 PMCID: PMC8117559 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of intravitreal chemotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of advanced intraocular retinoblastoma, as intravitreal melphalan has enabled difficult-to-treat vitreous tumor seeds to be controlled, leading to many more eyes being saved. However, melphalan hydrochloride (MH) degrades rapidly in solution, increasing logistical complexity with respect to time between medication preparation and administration for intravitreal administration under anesthesia for retinoblastoma. A new propylene glycol-free melphalan (PGFM) formulation has greater stability and could therefore improve access and adoption of intravitreal chemotherapy, allowing more children to retain their eye(s). We compared the efficacy and toxicity of both formulations, using our rabbit xenograft model and clinical patient experience. Three weekly 12.5 μg intravitreal injections of MH or PGFM (right eye), and saline (left eye), were administered to immunosuppressed rabbits harboring human WERI-Rb1 vitreous seed xenografts. Residual live cells were quantified directly, and viability determined by TUNEL staining. Vitreous seeds were reduced 91% by PGFM (p = 0.009), and 88% by MH (p = 0.004; PGFM vs. MH: p = 0.68). All residual cells were TUNEL-positive (non-viable). In separate experiments to assess toxicity, three weekly 12.5 μg injections of MH, PGFM, or saline were administered to non-tumor-bearing rabbits. Serial electroretinography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography were performed. PGFM and MH both caused equivalent reductions in electroretinography amplitudes, and loss of retinal microvasculature on OCT-angiography. The pattern of retinal degeneration observed on histopathology suggested that segmental retinal toxicity associated with all melphalan formulations was due to a vitreous concentration gradient-effect. Efficacy and toxicity were assessed for PGFM given immediately (within 1 h of reconstitution) vs. 4 h after reconstitution. Immediate- and delayed-administration of PGFM showed equivalent efficacy and toxicity. In addition, we evaluated efficacy and toxicity in patients (205 eyes) with retinoblastoma vitreous seeds, who were treated with a total of 833 intravitreal injections of either MH or PGFM as standard of care. Of these, we analyzed 118 MH and 131 PGFM monotherapy injections in whom serial ERG measurements were available to model retinal toxicity. Both MH and PGFM caused reductions in electroretinography amplitudes, but with no statistical difference between formulations. Comparing those patient eyes treated exclusively with PGFM versus those treated exclusively with MH, efficacy for tumor control and globe salvage was equivalent (PGFM vs. MH: 96.2% vs. 93.8%, p = 0.56), but PGFM-treated eyes received fewer injections than MH-treated eyes (average 3.2 ± 1.9 vs. 6.4 ± 2.1 injections, p < 0.0001). Taken together, these rabbit experiments and our clinical experience in retinoblastoma patients demonstrate that MH and PGFM have equivalent efficacy and toxicity. PGFM was more stable, with no decreased efficacy or increased toxicity even 4 h after reconstitution. We therefore now use PGFM over traditional MH for our patients for intravitreal treatment of retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carley M Bogan
- Division of Ocular Oncology and Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Janene M Pierce
- Division of Ocular Oncology and Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Stephanie D Doss
- Division of Ocular Oncology and Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yuankai K Tao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sheau-Chiann Chen
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Albert Liao
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Terry Hsieh
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Debra L Friedman
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ann Richmond
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anthony B Daniels
- Division of Ocular Oncology and Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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13
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Wehbe M, Wang-Bishop L, Becker KW, Shae D, Baljon JJ, He X, Christov P, Boyd KL, Balko JM, Wilson JT. Nanoparticle delivery improves the pharmacokinetic properties of cyclic dinucleotide STING agonists to open a therapeutic window for intravenous administration. J Control Release 2021; 330:1118-1129. [PMID: 33189789 PMCID: PMC9008741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway plays an important role in the immune surveillance of cancer and, accordingly, agonists of STING signaling have recently emerged as promising therapeutics for remodeling of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and enhancing response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors. 2'3'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (2'3'-cGAMP) is the endogenous ligand for STING, but is rapidly metabolized and poorly membrane permeable, restricting its use to intratumoral administration. Nanoencapsulation has been shown to allow for systemic administration of cGAMP and other cyclic dinucleotides (CDN), but little is known about how nanocarriers affect important pharmacological properties that impact the efficacy and safety of CDNs. Using STING-activating nanoparticles (STING-NPs) - a polymersome platform designed to enhance cGAMP delivery - we investigate the pharmacokinetic (PK)-pharmacodynamic (PD) relationships that underlie the ability of intravenously (i.v.) administered STING-NPs to induce STING activation and inhibit tumor growth. First, we demonstrate that nanoencapsulation improves the half-life of encapsulated cGAMP by 40-fold, allowing for sufficient accumulation of cGAMP in tumors and activation of the STING pathway in the TME as assessed by western blot analysis and gene expression profiling. Nanoparticle delivery also changes the biodistribution profile, resulting in increased cGAMP accumulation and STING activation in the liver and spleen, which we identify as dose limiting organs. As a consequence of STING activation in tumors, i.v. administered STING-NPs reprogram the TME towards a more immunogenic antitumor milieu, characterized by an influx of >20-fold more CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Consequently, STING-NPs increased response rates to αPD-L1 antibodies, resulting in significant improvements in median survival time in a B16-F10 melanoma model. Additionally, we confirmed STING-NP monotherapy in an additional melanoma (YUMM1.7) and breast adenocarcinoma (E0771) models leading to >50% and 80% reduction in tumor burden, respectively, and significant increases in median survival time. Collectively, this work provides an examination of the PK-PD relationship governing STING activation upon systemic delivery using STING-NPs, providing insight for future optimization for nanoparticle-based STING agonists and other immunomodulating nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Wehbe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Lihong Wang-Bishop
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Kyle W Becker
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Daniel Shae
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Jessalyn J Baljon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Xinyi He
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Plamen Christov
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Justin M Balko
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - John T Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
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14
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Ou YC, Wen X, Johnson CA, Shae D, Ayala OD, Webb JA, Lin EC, DeLapp RC, Boyd KL, Richmond A, Mahadevan-Jansen A, Rafat M, Wilson JT, Balko JM, Tantawy MN, Vilgelm AE, Bardhan R. Correction to "Multimodal Multiplexed Immunoimaging with Nanostars to Detect Multiple Immunomarkers and Monitor Response to Immunotherapies". ACS Nano 2020; 14:17714. [PMID: 33274924 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
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15
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Palmer LD, Minor KE, Mettlach JA, Rivera ES, Boyd KL, Caprioli RM, Spraggins JM, Dalebroux ZD, Skaar EP. Modulating Isoprenoid Biosynthesis Increases Lipooligosaccharides and Restores Acinetobacter baumannii Resistance to Host and Antibiotic Stress. Cell Rep 2020; 32:108129. [PMID: 32905776 PMCID: PMC7519801 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a leading cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia and a critical threat due to multidrug resistance. The A. baumannii outer membrane is an asymmetric lipid bilayer composed of inner leaflet glycerophospholipids and outer leaflet lipooligosaccharides. Deleting mlaF of the maintenance of lipid asymmetry (Mla) system causes A. baumannii to become more susceptible to pulmonary surfactants and antibiotics and decreases bacterial survival in the lungs of mice. Spontaneous suppressor mutants isolated from infected mice contain an ISAba11 insertion upstream of the ispB initiation codon, an essential isoprenoid biosynthesis gene. The insertion restores antimicrobial resistance and virulence to ΔmlaF. The suppressor strain increases lipooligosaccharides, suggesting that the mechanism involves balancing the glycerophospholipids/lipooligosaccharides ratio on the bacterial surface. An identical insertion exists in an extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii isolate, demonstrating its clinical relevance. These data show that the stresses bacteria encounter during infection select for genomic rearrangements that increase resistance to antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren D Palmer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Keaton E Minor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Joshua A Mettlach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Emilio S Rivera
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Richard M Caprioli
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Spraggins
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Zachary D Dalebroux
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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16
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Zhou W, Zhang J, Toki S, Goleniewska K, Norlander AE, Newcomb DC, Wu P, Boyd KL, Kita H, Peebles RS. COX Inhibition Increases Alternaria-Induced Pulmonary Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Responses and IL-33 Release in Mice. J Immunol 2020; 205:1157-1166. [PMID: 32690653 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase (COX) metabolic pathway regulates immune responses and inflammation. The effect of the COX pathway on innate pulmonary inflammation induced by protease-containing fungal allergens, such as Alternaria alternata, is not fully defined. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that COX inhibition augments Alternaria-induced pulmonary group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) responses and IL-33 release. Mice were treated with the COX inhibitors indomethacin, flurbiprofen, or vehicle and challenged intranasally with Alternaria extract for four consecutive days to induce innate lung inflammation. We found that indomethacin and flurbiprofen significantly increased the numbers of ILC2 and IL-5 and IL-13 expression by ILC2 in the lung. Indomethacin also increased ILC2 proliferation, the percentages of eosinophils, and mucus production in the lung. Both indomethacin and flurbiprofen augmented the release of IL-33 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after Alternaria challenge, suggesting that more IL-33 was available for ILC2 activation and that a COX product(s) inhibited IL-33 release. This is supported by the in vitro finding that the COX product PGE2 and the PGI2 analogs cicaprost decreased Alternaria extract-induced IL-33 release by human bronchial epithelial cells. Although contrasting effects of PGD2, PGE2, and PGI2 on ILC2 responses have been previously reported, the overall effect of the COX pathway on ILC2 function is inhibitory in Alternaria-induced innate airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisong Zhou
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232;
| | - Jian Zhang
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Shinji Toki
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Kasia Goleniewska
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Allison E Norlander
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Dawn C Newcomb
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Pingsheng Wu
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; and
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17
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Toki S, Goleniewska K, Zhang J, Zhou W, Newcomb DC, Zhou B, Kita H, Boyd KL, Peebles RS. TSLP and IL-33 reciprocally promote each other's lung protein expression and ILC2 receptor expression to enhance innate type-2 airway inflammation. Allergy 2020; 75:1606-1617. [PMID: 31975538 PMCID: PMC7354889 DOI: 10.1111/all.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background The epithelial cell‐derived danger signal mediators thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IL‐33 are consistently associated with adaptive Th2 immune responses in asthma. In addition, TSLP and IL‐33 synergistically promoted group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) activation to induce innate allergic inflammation. However, the mechanism of this synergistic ILC2 activation is unknown. Methods BALB/c WT and TSLP receptor‐deficient (TSLPR−/−) mice were challenged intranasally with Alternaria extract (Alt‐Ext) or PBS for 4 consecutive days to evaluate innate airway allergic inflammation. WT mice pre‐administered with rTSLP or vehicle, TSLPR−/− mice, and IL‐33 receptor‐deficient (ST2−/−) mice were challenged intranasally with Alt‐Ext or vehicle once or twice to evaluate IL‐33 release and TSLP expression in the lung. TSLPR and ST2 expression on lung ILC2 were measured by flow cytometry after treatment of rTSLP, rIL‐33, rTSLP + rIL‐33, or vehicle. Results Thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor deficient mice had significantly decreased the number of lung ILC2 expressing IL‐5 and IL‐13 following Alt‐Ext‐challenge compared to WT mice. Further, eosinophilia, protein level of lung IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13, and airway mucus score were also significantly decreased in TSLPR−/− mice compared to WT mice. Endogenous and exogenous TSLP increased Alt‐Ext‐induced IL‐33 release into BALF, and ST2 deficiency decreased Alt‐Ext‐induced TSLP expression in the lung. Further, rTSLP and rIL‐33 treatment reciprocally increased each other's receptor expression on lung ILC2 in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion Thymic stromal lymphopoietin and IL‐33 signaling reciprocally enhanced each other's protein release and expression in the lung following Alt‐Ext‐challenge and each other's receptor expression on lung ILC2 to enhance ILC2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Toki
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
| | - Kasia Goleniewska
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
| | - Weisong Zhou
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
| | - Dawn C. Newcomb
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
| | - Baohua Zhou
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research Department of Pediatrics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Division of Allergic Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA
| | - Kelli L. Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
| | - Ray S. Peebles
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN USA
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18
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Palmer LD, Maloney KN, Boyd KL, Goleniewska AK, Toki S, Maxwell CN, Chazin WJ, Peebles RS, Newcomb DC, Skaar EP. The Innate Immune Protein S100A9 Protects from T-Helper Cell Type 2-mediated Allergic Airway Inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:459-468. [PMID: 30943376 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0217oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calprotectin is a heterodimer of the proteins S100A8 and S100A9, and it is an abundant innate immune protein associated with inflammation. In humans, calprotectin transcription and protein abundance are associated with asthma and disease severity. However, mechanistic studies in experimental asthma models have been inconclusive, identifying both protective and pathogenic effects of calprotectin. To clarify the role of calprotectin in asthma, calprotectin-deficient S100A9-/- and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were compared in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. Mice were intranasally challenged with extracts of the clinically relevant allergen, Alternaria alternata (Alt Ext), or PBS every third day over 9 days. On Day 10, BAL fluid and lung tissue homogenates were harvested and allergic airway inflammation was assessed. Alt Ext challenge induced release of S100A8/S100A9 to the alveolar space and increased protein expression in the alveolar epithelium of WT mice. Compared with WT mice, S100A9-/- mice displayed significantly enhanced allergic airway inflammation, including production of IL-13, CCL11, CCL24, serum IgE, eosinophil recruitment, and airway resistance and elastance. In response to Alt Ext, S100A9-/- mice accumulated significantly more IL-13+IL-5+CD4+ T-helper type 2 cells. S100A9-/- mice also accumulated a significantly lower proportion of CD4+ T regulatory (Treg) cells in the lung that had significantly lower expression of CD25. Calprotectin enhanced WT Treg cell suppressive activity in vitro. Therefore, this study identifies a role for the innate immune protein, S100A9, in protection from CD4+ T-helper type 2 cell hyperinflammation in response to Alt Ext. This protection is mediated, at least in part, by CD4+ Treg cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren D Palmer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and
| | - K Nichole Maloney
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and
| | - A Kasia Goleniewska
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Shinji Toki
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - C Noel Maxwell
- Department of Biochemistry and.,Department of Chemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Walter J Chazin
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and.,Department of Biochemistry and.,Department of Chemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Dawn C Newcomb
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and
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19
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Zhou W, Zhang J, Toki S, Goleniewska K, Norlander AE, Newcomb DC, Boyd KL, Kita H, Peebles RS. COX inhibition enhances allergen-induced IL-33 release and ILC2 responses in mouse lungs. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.148.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase (COX) metabolic pathway has regulatory functions in immune responses and inflammation. However, the effect of the COX pathway on innate airway inflammation induced by protease-containing allergens such as Alternaria alternata is not fully defined. Here we show that COX inhibition augmented innate lung type 2 responses after repeated airway exposures to Alternaria extract in mice. We treated wild type BALB/c and IL-33 KO mice with either the COX inhibitor indomethacin or vehicle in drinking water and challenged mice intranasally with Alternaria extract for 4 consecutive days to induce innate lung inflammation. We found that indomethacin significantly increased the numbers of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) and IL-5+IL-13+ ILC2 in the lung. Indomethacin also increased type 2 cytokine (IL-5 and IL-13) responses, the percentages of eosinophils, and mucus production in the lung. IL-33 is required for Alt-induced lung ILC2 responses, and indomethacin did not change IL-5 and IL-13 expression in IL-33 KO mice. Consistently, indomethacin increased the release of IL-33 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after Alternaria challenge, suggesting that more IL-33 was available for ILC2 activation. Indomethacin also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the lung, providing a possible mechanism for the increased IL-33 release. Although contrasting effects of PGD2 and PGE2/PGI2 on ILC2 responses have been previously reported, the overall effect of COX pathway on ILC2 function is inhibitory in Alternaria extract-induced airway innate type 2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian Zhang
- 1Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
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20
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Lovly CM, Boyd KL, Gonzalez-Ericsson PI, Lowe CL, Brown HM, Hoffman RD, Sterling BC, Kapp ME, Johnson DB, Kopparapu PR, Iams WT, Warren MA, Noto MJ, Rini BI, Jagasia M, Das SR, Balko JM. Rapidly fatal pneumonitis from immunotherapy and concurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient with newly diagnosed lung cancer. medRxiv 2020:2020.04.29.20085738. [PMID: 32511636 PMCID: PMC7276992 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.29.20085738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are used for the treatment of numerous cancers, but risks associated with ICI-therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic are poorly understood. We report a case of acute lung injury in a lung cancer patient initially treated for ICI-pneumonitis and later found to have concurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Post-mortem analyses revealed diffuse alveolar damage in both the acute and organizing phases, with a predominantly CD68+ inflammatory infiltrate. Serum was positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, suggesting that viral infection predated administration of ICI-therapy and may have contributed to a more fulminant clinical presentation. These data suggest the need for routine SARS-CoV-2 testing in cancer patients, where clinical and radiographic evaluations may be non-specific.
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21
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Hood-Pishchany MI, Pham L, Wijers CD, Burns WJ, Boyd KL, Palmer LD, Skaar EP, Noto MJ. Broad-spectrum suppression of bacterial pneumonia by aminoglycoside-propagated Acinetobacter baumannii. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008374. [PMID: 32168364 PMCID: PMC7094866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is increasing in pathogenic bacteria. Yet, the effect of antibiotic exposure on resistant bacteria has been underexplored and may affect pathogenesis. Here we describe the discovery that propagation of the human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii in an aminoglycoside antibiotic results in alterations to the bacterium that interact with lung innate immunity resulting in enhanced bacterial clearance. Co-inoculation of mice with A. baumannii grown in the presence and absence of the aminoglycoside, kanamycin, induces enhanced clearance of a non-kanamycin-propagated strain. This finding can be replicated when kanamycin-propagated A. baumannii is killed prior to co-inoculation of mice, indicating the enhanced bacterial clearance results from interactions with innate host defenses in the lung. Infection with kanamycin-propagated A. baumannii alters the kinetics of phagocyte recruitment to the lung and reduces pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in the lung and blood. This culminates in reduced histopathologic evidence of lung injury during infection despite enhanced bacterial clearance. Further, the antibacterial response induced by killed aminoglycoside-propagated A. baumannii enhances the clearance of multiple clinically relevant Gram-negative pathogens from the lungs of infected mice. Together, these findings exemplify cooperation between antibiotics and the host immune system that affords protection against multiple antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens. Further, these findings highlight the potential for the development of a broad-spectrum therapeutic that exploits a similar mechanism to that described here and acts as an innate immunity modulator. Preserving the ability to treat infectious diseases with antibiotics in the face of the rapid proliferation of drug-resistant bacterial pathogens is among the greatest challenges facing medicine. Efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance may include strategies to maximize the utility of existing antibiotics while also identifying new therapeutic targets to treat bacterial infections. Acinetobacter baumannii is a human pathogen and strains of A. baumannii have acquired multi- and pan-antibiotic resistance. Here, we demonstrate that A. baumannii that is resistant to the aminoglycoside class of antibiotics is rapidly cleared from the lungs of mice when exposed to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Exposure to aminoglycosides induces changes in A. baumannii that interact with mouse antibacterial defenses, leading to rapid clearance of the infection. Further, killed aminoglycoside-exposed A. baumannii interacts with innate immunity in the lung to enhance the clearance of other pathogenic bacteria. These findings indicate that pneumonia caused by aminoglycoside-resistant A. baumannii may be effectively treated with aminoglycoside antibiotics and also suggests that the host immune response can be targeted to enhance the clearance of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Indriati Hood-Pishchany
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ly Pham
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Christiaan D. Wijers
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - William J. Burns
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kelli L. Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Lauren D. Palmer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Eric P. Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EPS); (MJN)
| | - Michael J. Noto
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EPS); (MJN)
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22
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Hasenour CM, Kennedy AJ, Bednarski T, Trenary IA, Eudy BJ, da Silva RP, Boyd KL, Young JD. Vitamin E does not prevent Western diet-induced NASH progression and increases metabolic flux dysregulation in mice. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:707-721. [PMID: 32086244 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver involves ectopic lipid accumulation and dysregulated hepatic oxidative metabolism, which can progress to a state of elevated inflammation and fibrosis referred to as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The factors that control progression from simple steatosis to NASH are not fully known. Here, we tested the hypothesis that dietary vitamin E (VitE) supplementation would prevent NASH progression and associated metabolic alterations induced by a Western diet (WD). Hyperphagic melanocortin-4 receptor-deficient (MC4R-/-) mice were fed chow, chow+VitE, WD, or WD+VitE starting at 8 or 20 weeks of age. All groups exhibited extensive hepatic steatosis by the end of the study (28 weeks of age). WD feeding exacerbated liver disease severity without inducing proportional changes in liver triglycerides. Eight weeks of WD accelerated liver pyruvate cycling, and 20 weeks of WD extensively upregulated liver glucose and oxidative metabolism assessed by 2H/13C flux analysis. VitE supplementation failed to reduce the histological features of NASH. Rather, WD+VitE increased the abundance and saturation of liver ceramides and accelerated metabolic flux dysregulation compared with 8 weeks of WD alone. In summary, VitE did not limit NASH pathogenesis in genetically obese mice, but instead increased some indicators of metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton M Hasenour
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Arion J Kennedy
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Tomasz Bednarski
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Irina A Trenary
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Brandon J Eudy
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Robin P da Silva
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Jamey D Young
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN. mailto:
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23
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Ou YC, Wen X, Johnson CA, Shae D, Ayala OD, Webb JA, Lin EC, DeLapp RC, Boyd KL, Richmond A, Mahadevan-Jansen A, Rafat M, Wilson JT, Balko JM, Tantawy MN, Vilgelm AE, Bardhan R. Multimodal Multiplexed Immunoimaging with Nanostars to Detect Multiple Immunomarkers and Monitor Response to Immunotherapies. ACS Nano 2020; 14:651-663. [PMID: 31851488 PMCID: PMC7391408 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The overexpression of immunomarker programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and engagement of PD-1 to its ligand, PD-L1, are involved in the functional impairment of cluster of differentiation 8+ (CD8+) T cells, contributing to cancer progression. However, heterogeneities in PD-L1 expression and variabilities in biopsy-based assays render current approaches inaccurate in predicting PD-L1 status. Therefore, PD-L1 screening alone is not predictive of patient response to treatment, which motivates us to simultaneously detect multiple immunomarkers engaged in immune modulation. Here, we have developed multimodal probes, immunoactive gold nanostars (IGNs), that accurately detect PD-L1+ tumor cells and CD8+ T cells simultaneously in vivo, surpassing the limitations of current immunoimaging techniques. IGNs integrate the whole-body imaging of positron emission tomography with high sensitivity and multiplexing of Raman spectroscopy, enabling the dynamic tracking of both immunomarkers. IGNs also monitor response to immunotherapies in mice treated with combinatorial PD-L1 and CD137 agonists and distinguish responders from those nonresponsive to treatment. Our results showed a multifunctional nanoscale probe with capabilities that cannot be achieved with either modality alone, allowing multiplexed immunologic tumor profiling critical for predicting early response to immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chuan Ou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Xiaona Wen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Christopher A. Johnson
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Daniel Shae
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Oscar D. Ayala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Joseph A. Webb
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Eugene C. Lin
- Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62106, Taiwan
| | - Rossane C. DeLapp
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Kelli L. Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Anita Mahadevan-Jansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Marjan Rafat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - John T. Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Justin M. Balko
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Mohammed N. Tantawy
- Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Anna E. Vilgelm
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Rizia Bardhan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50012, United States
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24
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Brayton CF, Boyd KL, Everitt JL, Meyerholz DK, Treuting PM, Bolon B. An Introduction to Pathology in Biomedical Research: A Mission-Critical Specialty for Reproducibility and Rigor in Translational Research. ILAR J 2019; 59:1-3. [PMID: 31329902 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This issue of ILAR Journal focusses on pathology and pathologists in biomedical research, more specifically in preclinical translational research involving (nonhuman) animals, emphasizing academic settings. Considerations in study design and planning to maximize benefit from pathologists and pathology resources are reviewed. Adjunctive technologies including molecular techniques, digital pathology, and imaging are highlighted. Additional considerations regarding safety and regulatory concerns, and veterinary clinical trials are reviewed as well. Pathology has been fundamental to understanding clinical disease, remains fundamental to diagnosing disease, and is required in drug and device development. Broader integration of pathology expertise and well-designed pathology investigations have much to offer research rigor and reproducibility, and successful translation from biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory F Brayton
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey L Everitt
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Piper M Treuting
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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25
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Knight FC, Gilchuk P, Kumar A, Becker KW, Sevimli S, Jacobson ME, Suryadevara N, Wang-Bishop L, Boyd KL, Crowe JE, Joyce S, Wilson JT. Mucosal Immunization with a pH-Responsive Nanoparticle Vaccine Induces Protective CD8 + Lung-Resident Memory T Cells. ACS Nano 2019; 13:10939-10960. [PMID: 31553872 PMCID: PMC6832804 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) patrol nonlymphoid organs and provide superior protection against pathogens that commonly infect mucosal and barrier tissues, such as the lungs, intestine, liver, and skin. Thus, there is a need for vaccine technologies that can induce a robust, protective TRM response in these tissues. Nanoparticle (NP) vaccines offer important advantages over conventional vaccines; however, there has been minimal investigation into the design of NP-based vaccines for eliciting TRM responses. Here, we describe a pH-responsive polymeric nanoparticle vaccine for generating antigen-specific CD8+ TRM cells in the lungs. With a single intranasal dose, the NP vaccine elicited airway- and lung-resident CD8+ TRM cells and protected against respiratory virus challenge in both sublethal (vaccinia) and lethal (influenza) infection models for up to 9 weeks after immunization. In elucidating the contribution of material properties to the resulting TRM response, we found that the pH-responsive activity of the carrier was important, as a structurally analogous non-pH-responsive control carrier elicited significantly fewer lung-resident CD8+ T cells. We also demonstrated that dual-delivery of protein antigen and nucleic acid adjuvant on the same NP substantially enhanced the magnitude, functionality, and longevity of the antigen-specific CD8+ TRM response in the lungs. Compared to administration of soluble antigen and adjuvant, the NP also mediated retention of vaccine cargo in pulmonary antigen-presenting cells (APCs), enhanced APC activation, and increased production of TRM-related cytokines. Overall, these data suggest a promising vaccine platform technology for rapid generation of protective CD8+ TRM cells in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C. Knight
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Pavlo Gilchuk
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Amrendra Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Kyle W. Becker
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Sema Sevimli
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Max E. Jacobson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Naveenchandra Suryadevara
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Lihong Wang-Bishop
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Kelli L. Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James E. Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John T. Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Corresponding Author:
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Liu Y, Veach RA, Zienkiewicz J, Boyd KL, Smith TE, Xu ZQ, Wylezinski LS, Hawiger J. Protection from Endotoxin Shock by Selective Targeting of Proinflammatory Signaling to the Nucleus Mediated by Importin Alpha 5. Immunohorizons 2019; 3:440-446. [PMID: 31533951 PMCID: PMC6768080 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1900064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endotoxin shock is induced by LPS, one of the most potent virulence factors of the Gram-negative bacteria that cause sepsis. It remains unknown if either proinflammatory stress-responsive transcription factors (SRTFs), ferried to nucleus by importin α5, or lipid-regulating sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs), transported to the nucleus by importin β1, mediate endotoxin shock. A novel cell-penetrating peptide targeting importin α5 while sparing importin β1 protected 80% of animals from death in response to a high dose of LPS. This peptide suppresses inflammatory mediators, liver glycogen depletion, endothelial injury, neutrophil trafficking, and apoptosis caused by LPS. In d-galactosamine-pretreated mice challenged by 700-times lower dose of LPS, rapid death through massive apoptosis and hemorrhagic necrosis of the liver was also averted by the importin α5–selective peptide. Thus, using a new tool for selective suppression of nuclear transport, we demonstrate that SRTFs, rather than SREBPs, mediate endotoxin shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Ruth Ann Veach
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN 37212.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jozef Zienkiewicz
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; .,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Taylor E Smith
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Zhi-Qi Xu
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Lukasz S Wylezinski
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jacek Hawiger
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232; .,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN 37212.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
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27
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Daniels AB, Froehler MT, Nunnally AH, Pierce JM, Bozic I, Stone CA, Santapuram PR, Tao YK, Boyd KL, Himmel LE, Chen SC, Du L, Friedman DL, Richmond A. Rabbit Model of Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy Toxicity Demonstrates Retinopathy and Vasculopathy Related to Drug and Dose, Not Procedure or Approach. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:954-964. [PMID: 30882851 PMCID: PMC6424472 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To use our intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) rabbit model to assess the impact of IAC procedure, drug, dose, and choice of technique on ocular structure and function, to study the nature and etiology of IAC toxicity, and to compare to observations in patients. Methods Rabbits received IAC melphalan (0.4-0.8 mg/kg), carboplatin (25–50 mg), or saline, either by direct ophthalmic artery cannulation, or with a technique emulating nonocclusion. Ocular structure/function were assessed with examination, electroretinography (ERG), fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography, prior to and 5 to 6 weeks after IAC. Blood counts were obtained weekly. We reviewed our last 50 IAC treatments in patients for evidence of ocular or systemic complications. Results No toxicity was seen in the saline control group. With standard (0.4 mg/kg) melphalan, no vascular/microvascular abnormalities were seen with either technique. However, severe microvascular pruning and arteriolar occlusions were seen occasionally at 0.8 mg/kg doses. ERG reductions were dose-dependent. Histology showed melphalan dose-dependent degeneration in all retinal layers, restricted geographically to areas of greatest vascular density. Carboplatin caused massive edema of ocular/periocular structures. IAC patients experienced occasional periocular swelling/rash, and only rarely experienced retinopathy or vascular events/hemorrhage in eyes treated multiple times with triple (melphalan/carboplatin/topotecan) therapy. Transient neutropenia occurred after 46% of IAC procedures, generally after triple therapy. Conclusions IAC toxicity appears to be related to the specific drug being used and is dose-dependent, rather than related to the IAC procedure itself or the specific technique selected. These rabbit findings are corroborated by our clinical findings in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony B Daniels
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Michael T Froehler
- Cerebrovascular Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Amy H Nunnally
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Janene M Pierce
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Ivan Bozic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Cameron A Stone
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Pranav R Santapuram
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Yuankai K Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Lauren E Himmel
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Sheau-Chiann Chen
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Liping Du
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Debra L Friedman
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Ann Richmond
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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28
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Cameron BD, Traver G, Roland JT, Dean D, Johnson L, Boyd KL, Ihrie RA, Wang J, Freeman ML. Abstract 3934: Bcl2-expressing quiescent type B neural stem cells in the SVZ are resistant to concurrent temozolomide/X-irradiation. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-3934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is the largest source of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain. Emerging research indicates that NSCs within the SVZ may be cells of origin for WHO grade IV astrocytoma (glioblastoma, GBM)1. GBM consists of multiple fractions of proliferative and/or quiescent stem-like cells that are thought to be lineally related. GBM located adjacent to the SVZ are very resistant to standard of care concurrent temozolomide (TMZ)/X-irradiation (XRT) therapy, a consequence, it is hypothesized, of their NSC origin2. An important, unanswered question is the origin of this resistance. While a significant effort has been undertaken to study proliferating cells, the origins of quiescent cell resistance are not well understood. Normal NSCs adjacent to the SVZ are mainly quiescent. We rationalized that a fundamental understanding of the response of quiescent NSCs to TMZ/XRT would be informative and aid in our understanding of GBM resistance. For 5 consecutive days cohorts of C57BL/6 mice were administered TMZ (0 or 50 mg.kg i.p.). One hr later 0 or 2 Gy was administered to the brain. Transcardial perfusion was performed on day 6 for half the mice. The remaining mice received adjuvant TMZ (100 mg/kg) or vehicle on days 19-22 and transcardial perfusion was performed on day 82. 10 µm coronal brain sections were obtained and immunostained for well characterized markers of type B NSCs (GFAP and Sox2) and type A neuroblasts (Dcx). Immunofluorescence was imaged using a Leica Aperio Versa 200 slide scanning microscope. Cell Profiler software was used to quantify type B and A cells in the SVZ in all cohorts. Proliferating type A cells were exquisitely sensitive to 5 days of concurrent TMZ/XRT treatment whereas quiescent NSCs located within 30 µm of a dorsal or dorsolateral ventricle were very resistant. NSCs in mice exposed to concurrent and adjuvant therapy were also resistant and importantly, able to repopulate type A cells to sham/control levels. 53BP1 foci formation, a surrogate for DNA DSBs, was quantified in Sox2- and Dcx-expressing cells using confocal microscopy following a single TMZ/XRT exposure. Foci formation, measured 6 min to 24 hrs after TMZ/XRT, was not statistically different between cell types (P>0.05). Because TMZ/XRT induced an apoptotic response in A but not in B cells, as marked by cleaved Caspase-3 staining, we investigated expression of Bax and Bcl2 on a per cell basis. Bax expression was not significantly different for type A or B cells (P>0.05). In contrast, type B NSCs expressed 5-fold more Bcl2 than type A neuroblasts (P< 0.001). In conclusion, we demonstrate that type A neuroblasts are sensitive to TMZ/XRT but can be repopulated by inherently resistant type B NSCs given sufficient time. The resistance of quiescent NSCs to TMZ/XRT is associated with high basal expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. 1Lee et al Nature 2018, 560:243-47; 2Smith et al J Neurooncol 2016, 128:207-16
Citation Format: Brent D. Cameron, Geri Traver, Joseph T. Roland, Daniel Dean, Levi Johnson, Kelli L. Boyd, Rebecca A. Ihrie, Jialiang Wang, Michael L. Freeman. Bcl2-expressing quiescent type B neural stem cells in the SVZ are resistant to concurrent temozolomide/X-irradiation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3934.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geri Traver
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Daniel Dean
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Levi Johnson
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Kelli L. Boyd
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Jialiang Wang
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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29
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Iams WT, Shiuan E, Meador CB, Roth M, Bordeaux J, Vaupel C, Boyd KL, Summitt IB, Wang LL, Schneider JT, Warner JL, Zhao Z, Lovly CM. Improved Prognosis and Increased Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Patients Who Have SCLC With Neurologic Paraneoplastic Syndromes. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14:1970-1981. [PMID: 31201935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 10% of patients with SCLC develop a paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS). Neurologic PNS are thought to improve prognosis, which we hypothesized is related to increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and immune recognition. METHODS We queried 2,512,042 medical records from a single institution to identify patients who have SCLC with and without PNS and performed manual, retrospective chart review. We then performed multiplexed fluorescence immunohistochemistry and automated quantitative analysis (AQUA Technology) on tumors to assess CD3, CD4, and CD8 T cell infiltrates and programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) interactions. T cell infiltrates and PD-1/PD-L1 interaction scores were compared among patients with neurologic PNS, endocrinologic PNS, and a control group without PNS. Clinical outcomes were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS We evaluated 145 SCLC patients: 55 with PNS (25 neurologic and 30 endocrinologic) and 90 controls. Patients with neurologic PNS experienced improved overall survival compared to patients with endocrinologic PNS and controls (median overall survival of 24 months versus 12 months versus 13 months, respectively). Of the 145 patients, we identified tumor tissue from 34 patients that was adequate for AQUA analysis. Among 37 specimens from these 34 patients, patients with neurologic PNS had increased T cell infiltrates (p = 0.033) and PD-1/PD-L1 interaction (p = 0.014) compared to tumors from patients with endocrinologic PNS or controls. CONCLUSIONS Tumor tissue from patients with SCLC with neurologic PNS showed increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-1/PD-L1 interaction consistent with an inflamed tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade T Iams
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eileen Shiuan
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Marc Roth
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer Bordeaux
- Navigate Biopharma Services, Inc., a Novartis Subsidiary, Carlsbad, California
| | - Christine Vaupel
- Navigate Biopharma Services, Inc., a Novartis Subsidiary, Carlsbad, California
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - IlaSri B Summitt
- Navigate Biopharma Services, Inc., a Novartis Subsidiary, Carlsbad, California
| | - Lucy L Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Joseph T Schneider
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeremy L Warner
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zhiguo Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christine M Lovly
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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30
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Prentice BM, Hart NJ, Phillips N, Haliyur R, Judd A, Armandala R, Spraggins JM, Lowe CL, Boyd KL, Stein RW, Wright CV, Norris JL, Powers AC, Brissova M, Caprioli RM. Imaging mass spectrometry enables molecular profiling of mouse and human pancreatic tissue. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1036-1047. [PMID: 30955045 PMCID: PMC6553460 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The molecular response and function of pancreatic islet cells during metabolic stress is a complex process. The anatomical location and small size of pancreatic islets coupled with current methodological limitations have prevented the achievement of a complete, coherent picture of the role that lipids and proteins play in cellular processes under normal conditions and in diseased states. Herein, we describe the development of untargeted tissue imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) technologies for the study of in situ protein and, more specifically, lipid distributions in murine and human pancreases. METHODS We developed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) IMS protocols to study metabolite, lipid and protein distributions in mouse (wild-type and ob/ob mouse models) and human pancreases. IMS allows for the facile discrimination of chemically similar lipid and metabolite isoforms that cannot be distinguished using standard immunohistochemical techniques. Co-registration of MS images with immunofluorescence images acquired from serial tissue sections allowed accurate cross-registration of cell types. By acquiring immunofluorescence images first, this serial section approach guides targeted high spatial resolution IMS analyses (down to 15 μm) of regions of interest and leads to reduced time requirements for data acquisition. RESULTS MALDI IMS enabled the molecular identification of specific phospholipid and glycolipid isoforms in pancreatic islets with intra-islet spatial resolution. This technology shows that subtle differences in the chemical structure of phospholipids can dramatically affect their distribution patterns and, presumably, cellular function within the islet and exocrine compartments of the pancreas (e.g. 18:1 vs 18:2 fatty acyl groups in phosphatidylcholine lipids). We also observed the localisation of specific GM3 ganglioside lipids [GM3(d34:1), GM3(d36:1), GM3(d38:1) and GM3(d40:1)] within murine islet cells that were correlated with a higher level of GM3 synthase as verified by immunostaining. However, in human pancreas, GM3 gangliosides were equally distributed in both the endocrine and exocrine tissue, with only one GM3 isoform showing islet-specific localisation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The development of more complete molecular profiles of pancreatic tissue will provide important insight into the molecular state of the pancreas during islet development, normal function, and diseased states. For example, this study demonstrates that these results can provide novel insight into the potential signalling mechanisms involving phospholipids and glycolipids that would be difficult to detect by targeted methods, and can help raise new hypotheses about the types of physiological control exerted on endocrine hormone-producing cells in islets. Importantly, the in situ measurements afforded by IMS do not require a priori knowledge of molecules of interest and are not susceptible to the limitations of immunohistochemistry, providing the opportunity for novel biomarker discovery. Notably, the presence of multiple GM3 isoforms in mouse islets and the differential localisation of lipids in human tissue underscore the important role these molecules play in regulating insulin modulation and suggest species, organ, and cell specificity. This approach demonstrates the importance of both high spatial resolution and high molecular specificity to accurately survey the molecular composition of complex, multi-functional tissues such as the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boone M Prentice
- 9160 MRB III, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Hart
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Neil Phillips
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachana Haliyur
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Audra Judd
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Radhika Armandala
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Spraggins
- 9160 MRB III, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cindy L Lowe
- Translational Pathology Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Translational Pathology Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roland W Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christopher V Wright
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeremy L Norris
- 9160 MRB III, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Richard M Caprioli
- 9160 MRB III, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Trefts E, Hughey CC, Lantier L, Lark DS, Boyd KL, Pozzi A, Zent R, Wasserman DH. Energy metabolism couples hepatocyte integrin-linked kinase to liver glucoregulation and postabsorptive responses of mice in an age-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E1118-E1135. [PMID: 30835508 PMCID: PMC6732653 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00496.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a critical intracellular signaling node for integrin receptors. Its role in liver development is complex, as ILK deletion at E10.5 (before hepatocyte differentiation) results in biochemical and morphological differences that resolve as mice age. Nevertheless, mice with ILK depleted specifically in hepatocytes are protected from the hepatic insulin resistance during obesity. Despite the potential importance of hepatocyte ILK to metabolic health, it is unknown how ILK controls hepatic metabolism or glucoregulation. The present study tested the role of ILK in hepatic metabolism and glucoregulation by deleting it specifically in hepatocytes, using a cre-lox system that begins expression at E15.5 (after initiation of hepatocyte differentiation). These mice develop the most severe morphological and glucoregulatory abnormalities at 6 wk, but these gradually resolve with age. After identifying when the deletion of ILK caused a severe metabolic phenotype, in depth studies were performed at this time point to define the metabolic programs that coordinate control of glucoregulation that are regulated by ILK. We show that 6-wk-old ILK-deficient mice have higher glucose tolerance and decreased net glycogen synthesis. Additionally, ILK was shown to be necessary for transcription of mitochondrial-related genes, oxidative metabolism, and maintenance of cellular energy status. Thus, ILK is required for maintaining hepatic transcriptional and metabolic programs that sustain oxidative metabolism, which are required for hepatic maintenance of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Trefts
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Curtis C Hughey
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Louise Lantier
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Dan S Lark
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
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Affiliation(s)
- Piper M Treuting
- 1 Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- 2 Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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May-Zhang LS, Chen Z, Dosoky NS, Yancey PG, Boyd KL, Hasty AH, Linton MF, Davies SS. Administration of N-Acyl-Phosphatidylethanolamine Expressing Bacteria to Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor -/- Mice Improves Indices of Cardiometabolic Disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:420. [PMID: 30674978 PMCID: PMC6344515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk for cardiometabolic diseases. N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) are precursors of N-acylethanolamides, which are endogenous lipid satiety factors. Incorporating engineered bacteria expressing NAPEs into the gut microbiota retards development of diet induced obesity in wild-type mice. Because NAPEs can also exert anti-inflammatory effects, we hypothesized that administering NAPE-expressing bacteria to low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr)-/- mice fed a Western diet would improve various indices of cardiometabolic disease manifested by these mice. NAPE-expressing E. coli Nissle 1917 (pNAPE-EcN), control Nissle 1917 (pEcN), or vehicle (veh) were given via drinking water to Ldlr-/- mice for 12 weeks. Compared to pEcN or veh treatment, pNAPE-EcN significantly reduced body weight and adiposity, hepatic triglycerides, fatty acid synthesis genes, and increased expression of fatty acid oxidation genes. pNAPE-EcN also significantly reduced markers for hepatic inflammation and early signs of fibrotic development. Serum cholesterol was reduced with pNAPE-EcN, but atherosclerotic lesion size showed only a non-significant trend for reduction. However, pNAPE-EcN treatment reduced lesion necrosis by 69% indicating an effect on preventing macrophage inflammatory death. Our results suggest that incorporation of NAPE expressing bacteria into the gut microbiota can potentially serve as an adjuvant therapy to retard development of cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S May-Zhang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Vanderbilt University, 556 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37221, USA
| | - Zhongyi Chen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Vanderbilt University, 556 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37221, USA
| | - Noura S Dosoky
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Vanderbilt University, 556 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37221, USA
| | - Patricia G Yancey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 312 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- AA-6206 Medical Center North, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 813 Light Hall, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - MacRae F Linton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 312 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sean S Davies
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, 2220 Pierce Avenue, Vanderbilt University, 556 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37221, USA.
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Darbyshire AK, Oliver KH, Dupont WD, Plummer WD, Jones CP, Boyd KL. Anesthesia and Euthanasia of Brine Shrimp ( Artemia franciscana). J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2019; 58:58-64. [PMID: 30497541 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-18-000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Invertebrates are often overlooked as laboratory animals, yet they are commonly used in toxicology, developmental, cellular and molecular biology, and radiation studies with euthanasia as an endpoint. Little is known regarding appropriate euthanasia methods for invertebrate species, particularly for Artemia. Here, we evaluated the AVMA-recommended 2-step method of euthanasia in brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana). Artemia were exposed first to anesthetic solutions of 60% alcohol, 2.5 mg/L eugenol, or 4 g/L tricaine methanesulfonate (TMS) and then were transferred to euthanasia solutions of 70% alcohol, 95% alcohol, or 10% neutral buffered formalin. We examined time to anesthesia, behavioral response to anesthesia, anesthesia recovery, and time to euthanasia. Our results show that 2.5 mg/L eugenol and 4 g/L TMS inconsistently achieved anesthesia. Although 60% alcohol produced anesthesia, the time to anesthesia varied among replicate groups, and exposure resulted in an increase in abnormal behavior. We therefore do not recommend any of the tested anesthetic solutions for use in Artemia. Although all 3 euthanasia solutions were effective, more research is needed to provide recommendations regarding euthanasia for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Darbyshire
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;,
| | - Kendra H Oliver
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - William D Dupont
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - W Dale Plummer
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Carissa P Jones
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Translational Pathology Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Himmel LE, Hackett TA, Moore JL, Adams WR, Thomas G, Novitskaya T, Caprioli RM, Zijlstra A, Mahadevan-Jansen A, Boyd KL. Beyond the H&E: Advanced Technologies for in situ Tissue Biomarker Imaging. ILAR J 2018; 59:51-65. [PMID: 30462242 PMCID: PMC6645175 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, histopathology with routine hematoxylin and eosin staining has been and remains the gold standard for reaching a morphologic diagnosis in tissue samples from humans and veterinary species. However, within the past decade, there has been exponential growth in advanced techniques for in situ tissue biomarker imaging that bridge the divide between anatomic and molecular pathology. It is now possible to simultaneously observe localization and expression magnitude of multiple protein, nucleic acid, and molecular targets in tissue sections and apply machine learning to synthesize vast, image-derived datasets. As these technologies become more sophisticated and widely available, a team-science approach involving subspecialists with medical, engineering, and physics backgrounds is critical to upholding quality and validity in studies generating these data. The purpose of this manuscript is to detail the scientific premise, tools and training, quality control, and data collection and analysis considerations needed for the most prominent advanced imaging technologies currently applied in tissue sections: immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization, laser capture microdissection, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry, and spectroscopic/optical methods. We conclude with a brief overview of future directions for ex vivo and in vivo imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Himmel
- Lauren E. Himmel, DVM, PhD, is an assistant professor and veterinary pathologist in the Division of Comparative Medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Troy A. Hackett, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Jessica L. Moore, PhD, is a postdoctoral research fellow in the Mass Spectrometry Research Center at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, Tennessee. Wilson R. Adams, BS, is graduate student in the Biophotonics Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Giju Thomas, PhD, is a post-doctoral researcher in the Biophotonics Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Tatiana Novitskaya, MD, PhD, is a staff scientist in the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Richard M. Caprioli, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Chemistry at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, Tennessee. Andries Zijlstra, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Anita Mahadevan-Jansen, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the Vanderbilt University School of Engineering and Department of Neurosurgery at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Kelli L. Boyd, DVM, PhD, is a professor and veterinary pathologist in the Division of Comparative Medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Troy A Hackett
- Lauren E. Himmel, DVM, PhD, is an assistant professor and veterinary pathologist in the Division of Comparative Medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Troy A. Hackett, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Jessica L. Moore, PhD, is a postdoctoral research fellow in the Mass Spectrometry Research Center at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, Tennessee. Wilson R. Adams, BS, is graduate student in the Biophotonics Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Giju Thomas, PhD, is a post-doctoral researcher in the Biophotonics Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Tatiana Novitskaya, MD, PhD, is a staff scientist in the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Richard M. Caprioli, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Chemistry at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, Tennessee. Andries Zijlstra, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Anita Mahadevan-Jansen, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the Vanderbilt University School of Engineering and Department of Neurosurgery at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Kelli L. Boyd, DVM, PhD, is a professor and veterinary pathologist in the Division of Comparative Medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jessica L Moore
- Lauren E. Himmel, DVM, PhD, is an assistant professor and veterinary pathologist in the Division of Comparative Medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Troy A. Hackett, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Jessica L. Moore, PhD, is a postdoctoral research fellow in the Mass Spectrometry Research Center at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, Tennessee. Wilson R. Adams, BS, is graduate student in the Biophotonics Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Giju Thomas, PhD, is a post-doctoral researcher in the Biophotonics Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Tatiana Novitskaya, MD, PhD, is a staff scientist in the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Richard M. Caprioli, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Chemistry at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, Tennessee. Andries Zijlstra, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Anita Mahadevan-Jansen, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the Vanderbilt University School of Engineering and Department of Neurosurgery at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Kelli L. Boyd, DVM, PhD, is a professor and veterinary pathologist in the Division of Comparative Medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wilson R Adams
- Lauren E. Himmel, DVM, PhD, is an assistant professor and veterinary pathologist in the Division of Comparative Medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Troy A. Hackett, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Jessica L. Moore, PhD, is a postdoctoral research fellow in the Mass Spectrometry Research Center at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, Tennessee. Wilson R. Adams, BS, is graduate student in the Biophotonics Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Giju Thomas, PhD, is a post-doctoral researcher in the Biophotonics Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Tatiana Novitskaya, MD, PhD, is a staff scientist in the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Richard M. Caprioli, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Chemistry at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, Tennessee. Andries Zijlstra, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Anita Mahadevan-Jansen, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the Vanderbilt University School of Engineering and Department of Neurosurgery at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Kelli L. Boyd, DVM, PhD, is a professor and veterinary pathologist in the Division of Comparative Medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Giju Thomas
- Lauren E. Himmel, DVM, PhD, is an assistant professor and veterinary pathologist in the Division of Comparative Medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Troy A. Hackett, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Jessica L. Moore, PhD, is a postdoctoral research fellow in the Mass Spectrometry Research Center at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, Tennessee. Wilson R. Adams, BS, is graduate student in the Biophotonics Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Giju Thomas, PhD, is a post-doctoral researcher in the Biophotonics Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Tatiana Novitskaya, MD, PhD, is a staff scientist in the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Richard M. Caprioli, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Chemistry at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, Tennessee. Andries Zijlstra, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Anita Mahadevan-Jansen, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the Vanderbilt University School of Engineering and Department of Neurosurgery at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Kelli L. Boyd, DVM, PhD, is a professor and veterinary pathologist in the Division of Comparative Medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tatiana Novitskaya
- Lauren E. Himmel, DVM, PhD, is an assistant professor and veterinary pathologist in the Division of Comparative Medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Troy A. Hackett, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Jessica L. Moore, PhD, is a postdoctoral research fellow in the Mass Spectrometry Research Center at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, Tennessee. Wilson R. Adams, BS, is graduate student in the Biophotonics Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Giju Thomas, PhD, is a post-doctoral researcher in the Biophotonics Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Tatiana Novitskaya, MD, PhD, is a staff scientist in the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Richard M. Caprioli, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Chemistry at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, Tennessee. Andries Zijlstra, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Anita Mahadevan-Jansen, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the Vanderbilt University School of Engineering and Department of Neurosurgery at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Kelli L. Boyd, DVM, PhD, is a professor and veterinary pathologist in the Division of Comparative Medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard M Caprioli
- Lauren E. Himmel, DVM, PhD, is an assistant professor and veterinary pathologist in the Division of Comparative Medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Troy A. Hackett, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Jessica L. Moore, PhD, is a postdoctoral research fellow in the Mass Spectrometry Research Center at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, Tennessee. Wilson R. Adams, BS, is graduate student in the Biophotonics Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Giju Thomas, PhD, is a post-doctoral researcher in the Biophotonics Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Tatiana Novitskaya, MD, PhD, is a staff scientist in the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Richard M. Caprioli, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Chemistry at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, Tennessee. Andries Zijlstra, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Anita Mahadevan-Jansen, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the Vanderbilt University School of Engineering and Department of Neurosurgery at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Kelli L. Boyd, DVM, PhD, is a professor and veterinary pathologist in the Division of Comparative Medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Andries Zijlstra
- Lauren E. Himmel, DVM, PhD, is an assistant professor and veterinary pathologist in the Division of Comparative Medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Troy A. Hackett, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Jessica L. Moore, PhD, is a postdoctoral research fellow in the Mass Spectrometry Research Center at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, Tennessee. Wilson R. Adams, BS, is graduate student in the Biophotonics Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Giju Thomas, PhD, is a post-doctoral researcher in the Biophotonics Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Tatiana Novitskaya, MD, PhD, is a staff scientist in the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Richard M. Caprioli, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Chemistry at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, Tennessee. Andries Zijlstra, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Anita Mahadevan-Jansen, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the Vanderbilt University School of Engineering and Department of Neurosurgery at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Kelli L. Boyd, DVM, PhD, is a professor and veterinary pathologist in the Division of Comparative Medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anita Mahadevan-Jansen
- Lauren E. Himmel, DVM, PhD, is an assistant professor and veterinary pathologist in the Division of Comparative Medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Troy A. Hackett, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Jessica L. Moore, PhD, is a postdoctoral research fellow in the Mass Spectrometry Research Center at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, Tennessee. Wilson R. Adams, BS, is graduate student in the Biophotonics Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Giju Thomas, PhD, is a post-doctoral researcher in the Biophotonics Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Tatiana Novitskaya, MD, PhD, is a staff scientist in the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Richard M. Caprioli, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Chemistry at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, Tennessee. Andries Zijlstra, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Anita Mahadevan-Jansen, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the Vanderbilt University School of Engineering and Department of Neurosurgery at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Kelli L. Boyd, DVM, PhD, is a professor and veterinary pathologist in the Division of Comparative Medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Lauren E. Himmel, DVM, PhD, is an assistant professor and veterinary pathologist in the Division of Comparative Medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Troy A. Hackett, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Jessica L. Moore, PhD, is a postdoctoral research fellow in the Mass Spectrometry Research Center at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, Tennessee. Wilson R. Adams, BS, is graduate student in the Biophotonics Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Giju Thomas, PhD, is a post-doctoral researcher in the Biophotonics Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Tatiana Novitskaya, MD, PhD, is a staff scientist in the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Richard M. Caprioli, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Chemistry at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, Tennessee. Andries Zijlstra, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Anita Mahadevan-Jansen, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the Vanderbilt University School of Engineering and Department of Neurosurgery at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Kelli L. Boyd, DVM, PhD, is a professor and veterinary pathologist in the Division of Comparative Medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee
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Schyman P, Printz RL, Estes SK, Boyd KL, Shiota M, Wallqvist A. Identification of the Toxicity Pathways Associated With Thioacetamide-Induced Injuries in Rat Liver and Kidney. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1272. [PMID: 30459623 PMCID: PMC6232954 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ingestion or exposure to chemicals poses a serious health risk. Early detection of cellular changes induced by such events is vital to identify appropriate countermeasures to prevent organ damage. We hypothesize that chemically induced organ injuries are uniquely associated with a set (module) of genes exhibiting significant changes in expression. We have previously identified gene modules specifically associated with organ injuries by analyzing gene expression levels in liver and kidney tissue from rats exposed to diverse chemical insults. Here, we assess and validate our injury-associated gene modules by analyzing gene expression data in liver, kidney, and heart tissues obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to thioacetamide, a known liver toxicant that promotes fibrosis. The rats were injected intraperitoneally with a low (25 mg/kg) or high (100 mg/kg) dose of thioacetamide for 8 or 24 h, and definite organ injury was diagnosed by histopathology. Injury-associated gene modules indicated organ injury specificity, with the liver being most affected by thioacetamide. The most activated liver gene modules were those associated with inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis. Previous studies on thioacetamide toxicity and our histological analyses supported these results, signifying the potential of gene expression data to identify organ injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patric Schyman
- DoD Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Richard L Printz
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Shanea K Estes
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Masakazu Shiota
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Anders Wallqvist
- DoD Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
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Santos Guasch GL, Beeler JS, Marshall CB, Shaver TM, Sheng Q, Johnson KN, Boyd KL, Venters BJ, Cook RS, Pietenpol JA. p73 Is Required for Ovarian Follicle Development and Regulates a Gene Network Involved in Cell-to-Cell Adhesion. iScience 2018; 8:236-249. [PMID: 30340069 PMCID: PMC6197761 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We report that p73 is expressed in ovarian granulosa cells and that loss of p73 leads to attenuated follicle development, ovulation, and corpus luteum formation, resulting in decreased levels of circulating progesterone and defects in mammary gland branching. Ectopic progesterone in p73-deficient mice completely rescued the mammary branching and partially rescued the ovarian follicle development defects. Performing RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on transcripts from murine wild-type and p73-deficient antral follicles, we discovered differentially expressed genes that regulate biological adhesion programs. Through modulation of p73 expression in murine granulosa cells and transformed cell lines, followed by RNA-seq and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, we discovered p73-dependent regulation of a gene set necessary for cell adhesion and migration and components of the focimatrix (focal intra-epithelial matrix), a basal lamina between granulosa cells that promotes follicle maturation. In summary, p73 is essential for ovarian folliculogenesis and functions as a key regulator of a gene network involved in cell-to-cell adhesion and migration. p73 is required for murine ovarian folliculogenesis and proper corpus luteum formation p73 loss leads to defects in progesterone signaling and mammary gland branching In murine ovaries, p73 is expressed specifically in granulosa cells p73 regulates components of the granulosa cell focimatrix and migration
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Scott Beeler
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Clayton B Marshall
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Timothy M Shaver
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Deparment of Biostatistics and Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kimberly N Johnson
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bryan J Venters
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rebecca S Cook
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jennifer A Pietenpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Ramsey HE, Fischer MA, Lee T, Gorska AE, Arrate MP, Fuller L, Boyd KL, Strickland SA, Sensintaffar J, Hogdal LJ, Ayers GD, Olejniczak ET, Fesik SW, Savona MR. A Novel MCL1 Inhibitor Combined with Venetoclax Rescues Venetoclax-Resistant Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:1566-1581. [PMID: 30185627 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Suppression of apoptosis by expression of antiapoptotic BCL2 family members is a hallmark of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein (MCL1), an antiapoptotic BCL2 family member, is commonly upregulated in AML cells and is often a primary mode of resistance to treatment with the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax. Here, we describe VU661013, a novel, potent, selective MCL1 inhibitor that destabilizes BIM/MCL1 association, leads to apoptosis in AML, and is active in venetoclax-resistant cells and patient-derived xenografts. In addition, VU661013 was safely combined with venetoclax for synergy in murine models of AML. Importantly, BH3 profiling of patient samples and drug-sensitivity testing ex vivo accurately predicted cellular responses to selective inhibitors of MCL1 or BCL2 and showed benefit of the combination. Taken together, these data suggest a strategy of rationally using BCL2 and MCL1 inhibitors in sequence or in combination in AML clinical trials. SIGNIFICANCE: Targeting antiapoptotic proteins in AML is a key therapeutic strategy, and MCL1 is a critical antiapoptotic oncoprotein. Armed with novel MCL1 inhibitors and the potent BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax, it may be possible to selectively induce apoptosis by combining or thoughtfully sequencing these inhibitors based on a rational evaluation of AML.See related commentary by Leber et al., p. 1511.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1494.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley E Ramsey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Melissa A Fischer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Taekyu Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Institute for Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Agnieszka E Gorska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Maria Pia Arrate
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Londa Fuller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Stephen A Strickland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John Sensintaffar
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Leah J Hogdal
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gregory D Ayers
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Edward T Olejniczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Institute for Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Stephen W Fesik
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Institute for Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael R Savona
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Daniels AB, Froehler MT, Pierce JM, Nunnally AH, Calcutt MW, Bridges TM, LaNeve DC, Williams PE, Boyd KL, Reyzer ML, Lindsley CW, Friedman DL, Richmond A. Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Localization, Toxicity, and Treatment Efficacy in the First Small Animal (Rabbit) Model of Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:446-454. [PMID: 29368001 PMCID: PMC5783625 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Current intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) drug regimens for retinoblastoma have ocular and vascular toxicities. No small-animal model of IAC exists to test drug efficacy and toxicity in vivo for IAC drug discovery. The purpose of this study was to develop a small-animal model of IAC and to analyze the ocular tissue penetration, distribution, pharmacokinetics, and treatment efficacy. Methods Following selective ophthalmic artery (OA) catheterization, melphalan (0.4 to 1.2 mg/kg) was injected. For pharmacokinetic studies, rabbits were euthanized at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, or 6 hours following intra-OA infusion. Drug levels were determined in vitreous, retina, and blood by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. To assess toxicity, angiograms, photography, fluorescein angiography, and histopathology were performed. For in situ tissue drug distribution, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) was performed. The tumor model was created by combined subretinal/intravitreal injection of human WERI-Rb1 retinoblastoma cells; the tumor was treated in vivo with intra-arterial melphalan or saline; and induction of tumor death was measured by cleaved caspase-3 activity. Results OA was selectively catheterized for 79 of 79 (100%) eyes in 47 of 47 (100%) rabbits, and melphalan was delivered successfully in 31 of 31 (100%) eyes, without evidence of vascular occlusion or retinal damage. For treated eyes, maximum concentration (Cmax) in the retina was 4.95 μM and area under the curve (AUC0→∞) was 5.26 μM·h. Treated eye vitreous Cmax was 2.24 μM and AUC0→∞ was 4.19 μM·h. Vitreous Cmax for the treated eye was >100-fold higher than for the untreated eye (P = 0.01), and AUC0→∞ was ∼50-fold higher (P = 0.01). Histology-directed MALDI-IMS revealed highest drug localization within the retina. Peripheral blood Cmax was 1.04 μM and AUC0→∞ was 2.07 μM·h. Combined subretinal/intravitreal injection of human retinoblastoma cells led to intra-retinal tumors and subretinal/vitreous seeds, which could be effectively killed in vivo with intra-arterial melphalan. Conclusions This first small-animal model of IAC has excellent vitreous and retinal tissue drug penetration, achieving levels sufficient to kill human retinoblastoma cells, facilitating future IAC drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony B Daniels
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Michael T Froehler
- Cerebrovascular Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Janene M Pierce
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Amy H Nunnally
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Surgical Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Thomas M Bridges
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - David C LaNeve
- Surgical Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Phillip E Williams
- Surgical Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Michelle L Reyzer
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Debra L Friedman
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.,Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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Salleng KJ, Jones CP, Boyd KL, Hicks DJ, Williams MM, Cook RS. Staphylococcus xylosus Cystitis and Struvite Urolithiasis in Nude Mice Implanted with Sustained-release Estrogen Pellets. Comp Med 2018; 68:256-260. [PMID: 30017019 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-18-000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Female nude mice (J:NU-Foxn1nu; age, 6 wk) were injected with 1 million MCF7 human breast cancer cells in the fourth mammary fat pads and received a 21-d sustained-release estrogen pellet (0.25 mg) subcutaneously in the dorsum of the neck. All mice were maintained in sterile housing and provided sterile water and irradiated rodent chow. Approximately 6 wk after implantation, 4 of the 30 mice showed clinical signs of depression and dehydration. The 2 animals most severely affected were euthanized and presented for necropsy. The urinary bladders of these animals were distended with variable sized white, opaque uroliths. Urinalysis revealed coccal bacteria, erythrocytes, neutrophils and struvite crystals. Urine cultures from both necropsied animals grew heavy, pure growths of Staphylococcus xylosus. The organism was sensitive to all antibiotics tested except erythromycin (intermediate). Analysis of the uroliths revealed 100% struvite composition. Remaining mice in the study were evaluated clinically for hydration status, the ability to urinate, and the presence of palpable stones in the urinary bladder; one additional mouse had a firm, nonpainful bladder (urolithiasis suspected). Given the sensitivity of the organisms cultured from urine samples, the remaining mice were placed on enrofloxacin in the drinking water (0.5 mg/mL). All remaining mice completed the study without further morbidity or mortality. Previous studies have reported the association of estrogen supplementation with urinary bladder pathology, including infection and urolithiasis. Here we present a case of urolithiasis and cystitis in nude mice receiving estrogen supplementation that was associated with Staphylococcus xylosus, which previously was unreported in this context. When assessing these nude mice for urolithiasis, we found that visualizing the stones through the body wall, bladder palpation, and bladder expression were helpful in identifying affected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Salleng
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology-Section on Comparative Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Carissa P Jones
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology-Section on Comparative Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology-Section on Comparative Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Donna J Hicks
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michelle M Williams
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rebecca S Cook
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Cephus JY, Stier MT, Fuseini H, Yung JA, Toki S, Bloodworth MH, Zhou W, Goleniewska K, Zhang J, Garon SL, Hamilton RG, Poloshukin VV, Boyd KL, Peebles RS, Newcomb DC. Testosterone Attenuates Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell-Mediated Airway Inflammation. Cell Rep 2018; 21:2487-2499. [PMID: 29186686 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex hormones regulate many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including asthma. As adults, asthma prevalence is 2-fold greater in women compared to men. The number of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) is increased in patients with asthma, and we investigate how testosterone attenuates ILC2 function. In patients with moderate to severe asthma, we determine that women have an increased number of circulating ILC2 compared to men. ILC2 from adult female mice have increased IL-2-mediated ILC2 proliferation versus ILC2 from adult male mice, as well as pre-pubescent females and males. Further, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, a hormone downstream of testosterone, decreases lung ILC2 numbers and IL-5 and IL-13 expression from ILC2. In vivo, testosterone attenuated Alternaria-extract-induced IL-5+ and IL-13+ ILC2 numbers and lung eosinophils by intrinsically decreasing lung ILC2 numbers, as well as by decreasing expression of IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), ILC2-stimulating cytokines. Collectively, these findings provide a foundational understanding of sexual dimorphism in ILC2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline-Yvonne Cephus
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, T-1221 Medical Center North, 1161 21(st) Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Matthew T Stier
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center North, 1161 21(st) Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hubaida Fuseini
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center North, 1161 21(st) Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Yung
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, T-1221 Medical Center North, 1161 21(st) Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shinji Toki
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, T-1221 Medical Center North, 1161 21(st) Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Melissa H Bloodworth
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center North, 1161 21(st) Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Weisong Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, T-1221 Medical Center North, 1161 21(st) Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kasia Goleniewska
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, T-1221 Medical Center North, 1161 21(st) Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, T-1221 Medical Center North, 1161 21(st) Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sarah L Garon
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, T-1221 Medical Center North, 1161 21(st) Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert G Hamilton
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vasiliy V Poloshukin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, T-1221 Medical Center North, 1161 21(st) Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center North, 1161 21(st) Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, T-1221 Medical Center North, 1161 21(st) Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center North, 1161 21(st) Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dawn C Newcomb
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, T-1221 Medical Center North, 1161 21(st) Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Medical Center North, 1161 21(st) Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Darbyshire AK, Oliver KH, Mulrooney TL, Jones CP, Boyd KL. Effects of anesthesia and euthanasia solutions on the histologic quality of brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana). J Histotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2018.1463669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Darbyshire
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kendra H. Oliver
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tammy L. Mulrooney
- Translational Pathology Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carissa P. Jones
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelli L. Boyd
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Translational Pathology Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Bloodworth MH, Rusznak M, Pfister CC, Zhang J, Bastarache L, Calvillo SA, Chappell JD, Boyd KL, Toki S, Newcomb DC, Stier MT, Zhou W, Goleniewska K, Moore ML, Hartert TV, Niswender KD, Peebles RS. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor signaling attenuates respiratory syncytial virus-induced type 2 responses and immunopathology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:683-687.e12. [PMID: 29678751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa H Bloodworth
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Mark Rusznak
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Connor C Pfister
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Jian Zhang
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Lisa Bastarache
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Sandra Alvarez Calvillo
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - James D Chappell
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Shinji Toki
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Dawn C Newcomb
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn; Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Matthew T Stier
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Weisong Zhou
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Kasia Goleniewska
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Martin L Moore
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Tina V Hartert
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Kevin D Niswender
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn; Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn.
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Toki S, Goleniewska K, Reiss S, Zhang J, Bloodworth MH, Stier MT, Zhou W, Newcomb DC, Ware LB, Stanwood GD, Galli A, Boyd KL, Niswender KD, Peebles RS. Glucagon-like peptide 1 signaling inhibits allergen-induced lung IL-33 release and reduces group 2 innate lymphoid cell cytokine production in vivo. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1515-1528.e8. [PMID: 29331643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-33 is one of the most consistently associated gene candidates for asthma identified by using a genome-wide association study. Studies in mice and in human cells have confirmed the importance of IL-33 in inducing type 2 cytokine production from both group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and TH2 cells. However, there are no pharmacologic agents known to inhibit IL-33 release from airway cells. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) signaling on aeroallergen-induced airway IL-33 production and release and on innate type 2 airway inflammation. METHODS BALB/c mice were challenged intranasally with Alternaria extract for 4 consecutive days. GLP-1R agonist or vehicle was administered starting either 2 days before the first Alternaria extract challenge or 1 day after the first Alternaria extract challenge. RESULTS GLP-1R agonist treatment starting 2 days before the first Alternaria extract challenge decreased IL-33 release in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and dual oxidase 1 (Duox1) mRNA expression 1 hour after the first Alternaria extract challenge and IL-33 expression in lung epithelial cells 24 hours after the last Alternaria extract challenge. Furthermore, GLP-1R agonist significantly decreased the number of ILC2s expressing IL-5 and IL-13, lung protein expression of type 2 cytokines and chemokines, the number of perivascular eosinophils, mucus production, and airway responsiveness compared with vehicle treatment. GLP-1R agonist treatment starting 1 day after the first Alternaria extract challenge also significantly decreased eosinophilia and type 2 cytokine and chemokine expression in the airway after 4 days of Alternaria extract challenge. CONCLUSION These results reveal that GLP-1R signaling might be a therapy to reduce IL-33 release and inhibit the ILC2 response to protease-containing aeroallergens, such as Alternaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Toki
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Kasia Goleniewska
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Sara Reiss
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Jian Zhang
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Melissa H Bloodworth
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Matthew T Stier
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Weisong Zhou
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Dawn C Newcomb
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Lorraine B Ware
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Gregg D Stanwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Fla
| | - Aurelio Galli
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Kevin D Niswender
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tenn; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn.
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tenn.
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Hubbard JS, Chen PH, Boyd KL. Effects of Repeated Intraperitoneal Injection of Pharmaceutical-grade and Nonpharmaceutical-grade Corn Oil in Female C57BL/6J Mice. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2017; 56:779-785. [PMID: 29256373 PMCID: PMC5710157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to potential adverse effects on animal wellbeing, the use of nonpharmaceutical-grade substances in animal research must be scientifically justified in cases where a pharmaceutical-grade version of the substance exists. This requirement applies to all substances, including vehicles used to solubilize experimental drugs. To date, no studies have evaluated the direct effect of the pharmaceutical classification of a compound on animal wellbeing. In this study, we evaluated intraperitoneal administration of pharmaceutical-grade corn oil, nonpharmaceutical-grade corn oil, and saline in female C57BL/6J mice. Compounds were administered every 48 h for a total of 4 injections. Mice were evaluated clinically by using body weight, body condition score, visual assessment score, CBC, and serum chemistries. Animals were euthanized at 24 h and 14 d after the final injection. Inflammation of the peritoneal wall and mesenteric fat was assessed microscopically by using a semiquantitative scoring system. Saline-dosed groups had lower pathology scores at both time points. At day 21, pharmaceutical-grade corn oil had a significantly higher pathology score compared with nonpharmaceutical-grade corn oil. No other significant differences between the corn oil groups were observed. The use of nonpharmaceutical grade corn oil did not result in adverse clinical consequences and is presumed safe to use for intraperitoneal injection in mice. Differences in inflammation between the 2 groups suggest that the use of either pharmaceutical-grade or nonpharmaceutical-grade corn oil should be consistent within a study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Hubbard
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Patty H Chen
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;,
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kelli L. Boyd
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville Tennessee
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47
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Stier MT, Goleniewska K, Cephus JY, Newcomb DC, Sherrill TP, Boyd KL, Bloodworth MH, Moore ML, Chen K, Kolls JK, Peebles RS. STAT1 Represses Cytokine-Producing Group 2 and Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells during Viral Infection. J Immunol 2017; 199:510-519. [PMID: 28576981 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The appropriate orchestration of different arms of the immune response is critical during viral infection to promote efficient viral clearance while limiting immunopathology. However, the signals and mechanisms that guide this coordination are not fully understood. IFNs are produced at high levels during viral infection and have convergent signaling through STAT1. We hypothesized that STAT1 signaling during viral infection regulates the balance of innate lymphoid cells (ILC), a diverse class of lymphocytes that are poised to respond to environmental insults including viral infections with the potential for both antiviral or immunopathologic functions. During infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), STAT1-deficient mice had reduced numbers of antiviral IFN-γ+ ILC1 and increased numbers of immunopathologic IL-5+ and IL-13+ ILC2 and IL-17A+ ILC3 compared with RSV-infected wild-type mice. Using bone marrow chimeric mice, we found that both ILC-intrinsic and ILC-extrinsic factors were responsible for this ILC dysregulation during viral infection in STAT1-deficient mice. Regarding ILC-extrinsic mechanisms, we found that STAT1-deficient mice had significantly increased expression of IL-33 and IL-23, cytokines that promote ILC2 and ILC3, respectively, compared with wild-type mice during RSV infection. Moreover, disruption of IL-33 or IL-23 signaling attenuated cytokine-producing ILC2 and ILC3 responses in STAT1-deficient mice during RSV infection. Collectively, these data demonstrate that STAT1 is a key orchestrator of cytokine-producing ILC responses during viral infection via ILC-extrinsic regulation of IL-33 and IL-23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Stier
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Kasia Goleniewska
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jacqueline Y Cephus
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Dawn C Newcomb
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Taylor P Sherrill
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Melissa H Bloodworth
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Martin L Moore
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Kong Chen
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; .,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
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48
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Bloodworth MH, Boyd KL, Rogers LM, Aronoff DM, Peebles RS. Prostaglandin I2 -orchestrates regulatory and effector T cell–mediated autoimmunity. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.58.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Tregs maintain tolerance and prevent autoimmune disease by inhibiting T cell activation. There is extensive interest in the application of Tregs in transplantation, autoimmune diseases, and allergy. Our group and others have shown that prostacyclin I2 (PGI2) signaling through the I prostanoid (IP) receptor inhibits allergic airway inflammation. However, it remains unknown whether PGI2 regulates Tregs and Treg-mediated inflammation. We hypothesized that PGI2 skews the immunological balance towards tolerance and away from inflammation. To determine whether PGI2 mediates systemic tolerance, we performed whole animal histopathology on aged WT and IP KO mice. PGI2 protected against autoimmune manifestations including splenomegaly, perivascular-bronchiolar lymphocytic cuffing, and epicarditis that developed in aged IP KO mice. Endogenous PGI2 also promoted Treg Foxp3 expression, suppressive function, and polarization. PGI2 concurrently decreased Teff proliferation and increased Teff susceptibility to Treg-mediated suppression. These studies are the first to show that PGI2 protects against autoimmunity and may represent a novel treatment strategy for Treg-mediated diseases.
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49
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Eskaros AR, Egloff SAA, Boyd KL, Richardson JE, Hyndman ME, Zijlstra A. Larger core size has superior technical and analytical accuracy in bladder tissue microarray. J Transl Med 2017; 97:335-342. [PMID: 28112755 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The construction of tissue microarrays (TMAs) with cores from a large number of paraffin-embedded tissues (donors) into a single paraffin block (recipient) is an effective method of analyzing samples from many patient specimens simultaneously. For the TMA to be successful, the cores within it must capture the correct histologic areas from the donor blocks (technical accuracy) and maintain concordance with the tissue of origin (analytical accuracy). This can be particularly challenging for tissues with small histological features such as small islands of carcinoma in situ (CIS), thin layers of normal urothelial lining of the bladder, or cancers that exhibit intratumor heterogeneity. In an effort to create a comprehensive TMA of a bladder cancer patient cohort that accurately represents the tumor heterogeneity and captures the small features of normal and CIS, we determined how core size (0.6 vs 1.0 mm) impacted the technical and analytical accuracy of the TMA. The larger 1.0 mm core exhibited better technical accuracy for all tissue types at 80.9% (normal), 94.2% (tumor), and 71.4% (CIS) compared with 58.6%, 85.9%, and 63.8% for 0.6 mm cores. Although the 1.0 mm core provided better tissue capture, increasing the number of replicates from two to three allowed with the 0.6 mm core compensated for this reduced technical accuracy. However, quantitative image analysis of proliferation using both Ki67+ immunofluorescence counts and manual mitotic counts demonstrated that the 1.0 mm core size also exhibited significantly greater analytical accuracy (P=0.004 and 0.035, respectively, r2=0.979 and 0.669, respectively). Ultimately, our findings demonstrate that capturing two or more 1.0 mm cores for TMA construction provides superior technical and analytical accuracy over the smaller 0.6 mm cores, especially for tissues harboring small histological features or substantial heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Rh Eskaros
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shanna A Arnold Egloff
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joyce E Richardson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Eric Hyndman
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andries Zijlstra
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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50
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Kothary V, Doster RS, Rogers LM, Kirk LA, Boyd KL, Romano-Keeler J, Haley KP, Manning SD, Aronoff DM, Gaddy JA. Group B Streptococcus Induces Neutrophil Recruitment to Gestational Tissues and Elaboration of Extracellular Traps and Nutritional Immunity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:19. [PMID: 28217556 PMCID: PMC5289994 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae, or Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is a gram-positive bacterial pathogen associated with infection during pregnancy and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Infection of the extraplacental membranes surrounding the developing fetus, a condition known as chorioamnionitis, is characterized histopathologically by profound infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs, neutrophils) and greatly increases the risk for preterm labor, stillbirth, or neonatal GBS infection. The advent of animal models of chorioamnionitis provides a powerful tool to study host-pathogen relationships in vivo and ex vivo. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the innate immune response elicited by GBS and evaluate how antimicrobial strategies elaborated by these innate immune cells affect bacteria. Our work using a mouse model of GBS ascending vaginal infection during pregnancy reveals that clinically isolated GBS has the capacity to invade reproductive tissues and elicit host immune responses including infiltration of PMNs within the choriodecidua and placenta during infection, mirroring the human condition. Upon interacting with GBS, murine neutrophils elaborate DNA-containing extracellular traps, which immobilize GBS and are studded with antimicrobial molecules including lactoferrin. Exposure of GBS to holo- or apo-forms of lactoferrin reveals that the iron-sequestration activity of lactoferrin represses GBS growth and viability in a dose-dependent manner. Together, these data indicate that the mouse model of ascending infection is a useful tool to recapitulate human models of GBS infection during pregnancy. Furthermore, this work reveals that neutrophil extracellular traps ensnare GBS and repress bacterial growth via deposition of antimicrobial molecules, which drive nutritional immunity via metal sequestration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishesh Kothary
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ryan S Doster
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lisa M Rogers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Leslie A Kirk
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joann Romano-Keeler
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kathryn P Haley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State UniversityGrand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Shannon D Manning
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - David M Aronoff
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer A Gaddy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, TN, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare SystemsNashville, TN, USA
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