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Bolland W, Michel V, Planas D, Hubert M, Staropoli I, Guivel-Benhassine F, Porrot F, N'Debi M, Rodriguez C, Fourati S, Prot M, Planchais C, Hocqueloux L, Simon-Lorière E, Mouquet H, Prazuck T, Pawlotsky JM, Bruel T, Schwartz O, Buchrieser J. High fusion and cytopathy of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.640.1. J Virol 2024; 98:e0135123. [PMID: 38088562 PMCID: PMC10805008 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01351-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 variants with undetermined properties have emerged intermittently throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Some variants possess unique phenotypes and mutations which allow further characterization of viral evolution and Spike functions. Around 1,100 cases of the B.1.640.1 variant were reported in Africa and Europe between 2021 and 2022, before the expansion of Omicron. Here, we analyzed the biological properties of a B.1.640.1 isolate and its Spike. Compared to the ancestral Spike, B.1.640.1 carried 14 amino acid substitutions and deletions. B.1.640.1 escaped binding by some anti-N-terminal domain and anti-receptor-binding domain monoclonal antibodies, and neutralization by sera from convalescent and vaccinated individuals. In cell lines, infection generated large syncytia and a high cytopathic effect. In primary airway cells, B.1.640.1 replicated less than Omicron BA.1 and triggered more syncytia and cell death than other variants. The B.1.640.1 Spike was highly fusogenic when expressed alone. This was mediated by two poorly characterized and infrequent mutations located in the Spike S2 domain, T859N and D936H. Altogether, our results highlight the cytopathy of a hyper-fusogenic SARS-CoV-2 variant, supplanted upon the emergence of Omicron BA.1. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT04750720.)IMPORTANCEOur results highlight the plasticity of SARS-CoV-2 Spike to generate highly fusogenic and cytopathic strains with the causative mutations being uncharacterized in previous variants. We describe mechanisms regulating the formation of syncytia and the subsequent consequences in a primary culture model, which are poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bolland
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Michel
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Infections Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Planas
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Mathieu Hubert
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Staropoli
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | | | - Françoise Porrot
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - Mélissa N'Debi
- Department of Virology, Hôpital Henri Mondor (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
| | - Christophe Rodriguez
- Department of Virology, Hôpital Henri Mondor (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
| | - Slim Fourati
- Department of Virology, Hôpital Henri Mondor (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
| | - Matthieu Prot
- Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Planchais
- Humoral Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, Paris, France
| | | | - Etienne Simon-Lorière
- Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Humoral Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
- Department of Virology, Hôpital Henri Mondor (AP-HP), Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM U955, Créteil, France
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Julian Buchrieser
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
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Liberal V, Forrat R, Zhang C, Pan C, Bonaparte M, Yin W, Zheng L, Viscardi V, Wu Y, Ataman-Önal Y, Savarino S, Chen C. Performance Evaluation of a Dengue IgG Rapid Diagnostic Test Designed to Determine Dengue Serostatus as Part of Prevaccination Screening. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0071121. [PMID: 35604130 PMCID: PMC9241662 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00711-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization has recommended prevaccination screening for prior dengue infection as the preferred approach prior to vaccination with the dengue vaccine CYD-TDV. These screening tests need to be highly specific and sensitive, and deliverable at the point-of-care. We evaluate here the sensitivity and specificity of the newly developed OnSite Dengue IgG rapid diagnostic test (RDT). A retrospective double-blind study of the sensitivity and specificity of the OnSite Dengue IgG RDT was performed using a sample panel consisting of archived serum specimens collected during CYD-TDV clinical trials in Latin American and Asia, with the reference serostatus for each sample determined by an algorithm using measured dengue PRNT90, PRNT50, and NS1 IgG ELISA. An additional panel of dengue seronegative samples positive for other flaviviruses and infections was used to assess cross-reactivity. Samples were included from 579 participants; 346 in the specificity panel and 233 in the sensitivity panel. The OnSite dengue IgG RDT exhibited a specificity of 98.0% (95% CI = 95.9 to 99.2) and sensitivity of 95.3% (95% CI = 91.7 to 97.6). The sensitivity for samples exhibiting a multitypic immune profile (PRNT90-positive to >1 dengue serotype) was 98.8% while for monotypic immune samples (PRNT90-positive to a single dengue serotype) it was 88.1%. The OnSite dengue IgG RDT showed minimal to no cross-reactivity to related flaviviruses. These findings support the use of the OnSite dengue IgG RDT to determine dengue serostatus in CYD-TDV prevaccination screening. IMPORTANCE Dengue remains a significant public health issue, with over 5.2 million cases reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019. The tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) is currently licensed for use in those aged ≥9 years; however, vaccinees with no previous exposure to dengue experience an increased risk of hospitalized and severe dengue upon subsequent heterotypic infection. Consequently, WHO recommends screening for prior dengue infection before vaccination. Screening tests for previous infection need to be highly specific and sensitive, and deliverable at the point-of-care. High sensitivity ensures that the largest number of individuals with previous infection can be identified and vaccinated, while high specificity prevents the inadvertent vaccination of those without previous infection. This study of the OnSite Dengue IgG Rapid Test, which was explicitly developed to meet this need, found that it had both high specificity (98.0% [95% CI = 95.9 to 99.2]) and sensitivity (95.3% [95% CI = 91.7 to 97.6]).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Charles Pan
- CTK Biotech, Poway, California, USA
- Beijing Genesee Biotech, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Yukun Wu
- Sanofi, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania, USA
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Sadarangani M, Kollmann T, Bjornson G, Heath P, Clarke E, Marchant A, Levy O, Leuridan E, Ulloa-Gutierrez R, Cutland CL, Kampmann B, Chaithongwongwatthana S, Dinleyici E, van Damme P, Munoz FM. The Fifth International Neonatal and Maternal Immunization Symposium (INMIS 2019): Securing Protection for the Next Generation. mSphere 2021; 6:e00862-20. [PMID: 33504658 PMCID: PMC7885317 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00862-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in reaching some milestones of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, neonatal and early infant morbidity and mortality remain high, and maternal health remains suboptimal in many countries. Novel and improved preventative strategies with the potential to benefit pregnant women and their infants are needed, with maternal and neonatal immunization representing effective approaches. Experts from immunology, vaccinology, infectious diseases, clinicians, industry, public health, and vaccine-related social sciences convened at the 5th International Neonatal and Maternal Immunization Symposium (INMIS) in Vancouver, Canada, from 15 to 17 September 2019. We critically evaluated the lessons learned from recent clinical studies, presented cutting-edge scientific progress in maternal and neonatal immunology and vaccine development, and discussed maternal and neonatal immunization in the broader context of infectious disease epidemiology and public health. Focusing on practical aspects of research and implementation, we also discussed the safety, awareness, and perception of maternal immunization as an existing strategy to address the need to improve maternal and neonatal health worldwide. The symposium provided a comprehensive scientific and practical primer as well as an update for all those with an interest in maternal and neonatal infection, immunity, and vaccination. The summary presented here provides an update of the current status of progress in maternal and neonatal immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Sadarangani
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tobias Kollmann
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, University of Western Perth, Perth, Australia
| | - Gordean Bjornson
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul Heath
- St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ed Clarke
- Vaccines & Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRCG at LSHTM), Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elke Leuridan
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rolando Ulloa-Gutierrez
- Hospital Nacional de Niños Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera, Centro de Ciencias Médicas C.C.S.S., San José, Costa Rica
| | - Clare L Cutland
- African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise (ALIVE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Vaccines & Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRCG at LSHTM), Banjul, The Gambia
- The Vaccine Centre, Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Surasith Chaithongwongwatthana
- Division of Infectious Disease in Gynecology and Obstetrics (InDiGO), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ener Dinleyici
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Pierre van Damme
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Flor M Munoz
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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