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Mahnaz F, Mangalindan JR, Dharmalingam BC, Vito J, Lin YT, Akbulut M, Varghese JJ, Shetty M. Intermediate Transfer Rates and Solid-State Ion Exchange are Key Factors Determining the Bifunctionality of In 2O 3/HZSM-5 Tandem CO 2 Hydrogenation Catalyst. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2024; 12:5197-5210. [PMID: 38577585 PMCID: PMC10988559 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c08250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Identifying the descriptors for the synergistic catalytic activity of bifunctional oxide-zeolite catalysts constitutes a formidable challenge in realizing the potential of tandem hydrogenation of CO2 to hydrocarbons (HC) for sustainable fuel production. Herein, we combined CH3OH synthesis from CO2 and H2 on In2O3 and methanol-to-hydrocarbons (MTH) conversion on HZSM-5 and discerned the descriptors by leveraging the distance-dependent reactivity of bifunctional In2O3 and HZSM-5 admixtures. We modulated the distance between redox sites of In2O3 and acid sites of HZSM-5 from milliscale (∼10 mm) to microscale (∼300 μm) and observed a 3-fold increase in space-time yield of HC and CH3OH (7.5 × 10-5 molC gcat-1 min-1 and 2.5 × 10-5 molC gcat-1 min-1, respectively), due to a 10-fold increased rate of CH3OH advection (1.43 and 0.143 s-1 at microscale and milliscale, respectively) from redox to acid sites. Intriguingly, despite the potential of a three-order-of-magnitude enhanced CH3OH transfer at a nanoscale distance (∼300 nm), the sole product formed was CH4. Our reactivity data combined with Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the occurrence of solid-state-ion-exchange (SSIE) between acid sites and Inδ+ ions, likely forming In2O moieties, inhibiting C-C coupling and promoting CH4 formation through CH3OH hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further revealed that CH3OH adsorption on the In2O moiety with preadsorbed and dissociated H2 forming an H-In-OH-In moiety is the likely reaction mechanism, with the kinetically relevant step appearing to be the hydrogenation of the methyl species. Overall, our study revealed that efficient CH3OH transfer and prevention of ion exchange are the key descriptors in achieving catalytic synergy in bifunctional In2O3/HZSM-5 systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Mahnaz
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 100 Spence Street, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jasan Robey Mangalindan
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 100 Spence Street, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Balaji C. Dharmalingam
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Jenna Vito
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 100 Spence Street, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 100 Spence Street, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mustafa Akbulut
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 100 Spence Street, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jithin John Varghese
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Manish Shetty
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 100 Spence Street, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
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2
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Hsiao CC, Kasten J, Johnson D, Ngozichukwu B, Yoo RMS, Lee S, Erdemir A, Djire A. Switchable Charge Storage Mechanism via in Situ Activation of MXene Enables High Capacitance and Stability in Aqueous Electrolytes. ACS Nano 2024; 18:7180-7191. [PMID: 38373269 PMCID: PMC10919077 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The need for reliable renewable energy storage devices has become increasingly important. However, the performance of current electrochemical energy storage devices is limited by either low energy or power densities and short lifespans. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of multilayer Ti4N3Tx MXene in various aqueous electrolytes. We demonstrate that Ti4N3Tx can be electrochemically activated through continuous cation intercalation over a 10 day period using cyclic voltammetry. A wide operating window of 2 V is maintained throughout activation. After activation, capacitance at 2 mV s-1 increases by 300%, 140%, and 500% in 1 M H2SO4, 1 M MgSO4, and 1 M KOH, respectively, while maintaining ∼600 F g-1 at 2 mV s-1 after 50000 cycles in 1 M H2SO4. This activation process is possibly attributed to the unique morphology of the multilayered material, allowing cation intercalation to increase access to redox-active sites between layers. This work adds to the growing repository of electrochemically stable MXenes reported for aqueous energy storage applications. These findings offer a reliable option for reliable energy storage devices with potential applications in large-scale grid storage and electric vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Che Hsiao
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - James Kasten
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Denis Johnson
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Bright Ngozichukwu
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ray M. S. Yoo
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Seungjoo Lee
- J.
Mike Walker ’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ali Erdemir
- J.
Mike Walker ’66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Abdoulaye Djire
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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3
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Ton C, Salehi S, Abasi S, Aggas JR, Liu R, Brandacher G, Guiseppi-Elie A, Grayson WL. Methods of ex vivo analysis of tissue status in vascularized composite allografts. J Transl Med 2023; 21:609. [PMID: 37684651 PMCID: PMC10492401 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascularized composite allotransplantation can improve quality of life and restore functionality. However, the complex tissue composition of vascularized composite allografts (VCAs) presents unique clinical challenges that increase the likelihood of transplant rejection. Under prolonged static cold storage, highly damage-susceptible tissues such as muscle and nerve undergo irreversible degradation that may render allografts non-functional. Skin-containing VCA elicits an immunogenic response that increases the risk of recipient allograft rejection. The development of quantitative metrics to evaluate VCAs prior to and following transplantation are key to mitigating allograft rejection. Correspondingly, a broad range of bioanalytical methods have emerged to assess the progression of VCA rejection and characterize transplantation outcomes. To consolidate the current range of relevant technologies and expand on potential for development, methods to evaluate ex vivo VCA status are herein reviewed and comparatively assessed. The use of implantable physiological status monitoring biochips, non-invasive bioimpedance monitoring to assess edema, and deep learning algorithms to fuse disparate inputs to stratify VCAs are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Ton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 400 North Broadway, Smith Building 5023, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, 400 North Broadway, Smith Building 5023, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Sara Salehi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 400 North Broadway, Smith Building 5023, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, 400 North Broadway, Smith Building 5023, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Sara Abasi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B®), Texas A&M University, Emerging Technologies Building 3120, 101 Bizzell St, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B®), Texas A&M University, Emerging Technologies Building 3120, 101 Bizzell St, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Media and Metabolism, Wildtype, Inc., 2325 3rd St., San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - John R Aggas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B®), Texas A&M University, Emerging Technologies Building 3120, 101 Bizzell St, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B®), Texas A&M University, Emerging Technologies Building 3120, 101 Bizzell St, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Test Development, Roche Diagnostics, 9115 Hague Road, Indianapolis, IN, 46256, USA
| | - Renee Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 400 North Broadway, Smith Building 5023, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, 400 North Broadway, Smith Building 5023, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Gerald Brandacher
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Reconstructive Transplantation Program, Center for Advanced Physiologic Modeling (CAPM), Johns Hopkins University, Ross Research Building/Suite 749D, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Anthony Guiseppi-Elie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B®), Texas A&M University, Emerging Technologies Building 3120, 101 Bizzell St, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B®), Texas A&M University, Emerging Technologies Building 3120, 101 Bizzell St, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, USA.
- ABTECH Scientific, Inc., Biotechnology Research Park, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Warren L Grayson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 400 North Broadway, Smith Building 5023, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, 400 North Broadway, Smith Building 5023, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Kasten J, Hsiao CC, Johnson D, Djire A. Superior cyclability of high surface area vanadium nitride in salt electrolytes. Nanoscale Adv 2023; 5:3485-3493. [PMID: 37383068 PMCID: PMC10295220 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00810f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
High surface area vanadium nitrides (VNs) have been extensively studied as materials for aqueous supercapacitors due to the high initial capacitance in alkaline media at low scan rates. However, low capacitance retention and safety limit their implementation. The use of neutral aqueous salt solutions has the potential to mitigate both of these concerns, but is limited in analysis. Hence, we report on the synthesis and characterization of high surface area VN as a supercapacitor material in a wide variety of aqueous chlorides and sulfates using Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, K+, and Li+ ions. We observe the following trend in the salt electrolytes: Mg2+ > Li+ > K+ > Na+ > Ca2+. Mg2+ systems provide the best performance at higher scan rates with areal capacitances of 294 μF cm-2 in 1 M MgSO4 over a 1.35 V operating window at 2000 mV s-1. Furthermore, VN in 1 M MgSO4 maintained a 36% capacitance retention from 2 to 2000 mV s-1 compared to 7% in 1 M KOH. Capacitance in 1 M MgSO4 and 1 M MgCl2 increased to 121% and 110% of their original values after 500 cycles and maintained capacitances of 589 and 508 μF cm-2 at 50 mV s-1 after 1000 cycles, respectively. In contrast, in 1 M KOH the capacitance decreases to 37% of its original value, reaching only 29 F g-1 at 50 mV s-1 after 1000 cycles. The superior performance of the Mg system is attributed to a reversible surface 2 e- transfer pseudocapacitive mechanism between Mg2+ and VNxOy. These findings can be used to further the field of aqueous supercapacitors to build safer and more stable energy storage systems that can charge quicker compared to KOH systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kasten
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Cheng-Che Hsiao
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Denis Johnson
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Abdoulaye Djire
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
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5
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Abasi S, Aggas JR, Garayar-Leyva GG, Walther BK, Guiseppi-Elie A. Bioelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy for Monitoring Mammalian Cells and Tissues under Different Frequency Domains: A Review. ACS Meas Sci Au 2022; 2:495-516. [PMID: 36785772 PMCID: PMC9886004 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrical impedance analysis and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIA/BIS) of tissues reveal important information on molecular composition and physical structure that is useful in diagnostics and prognostics. The heterogeneity in structural elements of cells, tissues, organs, and the whole human body, the variability in molecular composition arising from the dynamics of biochemical reactions, and the contributions of inherently electroresponsive components, such as ions, proteins, and polarized membranes, have rendered bioimpedance challenging to interpret but also a powerful evaluation and monitoring technique in biomedicine. BIA/BIS has thus become the basis for a wide range of diagnostic and monitoring systems such as plethysmography and tomography. The use of BIA/BIS arises from (i) being a noninvasive and safe measurement modality, (ii) its ease of miniaturization, and (iii) multiple technological formats for its biomedical implementation. Considering the dependency of the absolute and relative values of impedance on frequency, and the uniqueness of the origins of the α-, β-, δ-, and γ-dispersions, this targeted review discusses biological events and underlying principles that are employed to analyze the impedance data based on the frequency range. The emergence of BIA/BIS in wearable devices and its relevance to the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) are introduced and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abasi
- Center
for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B®), Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, 400 Bizzell Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Cell
Culture Media Services, Cytiva, 100 Results Way, Marlborough, Massachusetts 01752, United States
| | - John R. Aggas
- Center
for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B®), Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, 400 Bizzell Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Test
Development, Roche Diagnostics, 9115 Hague Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46256, United
States
| | - Guillermo G. Garayar-Leyva
- Center
for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B®), Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, 400 Bizzell Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, 400 Bizzell Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Brandon K. Walther
- Center
for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B®), Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, 400 Bizzell Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist
Institute for Academic Medicine and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Anthony Guiseppi-Elie
- Center
for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B®), Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M
University, 400 Bizzell Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, 400 Bizzell Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist
Institute for Academic Medicine and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- ABTECH Scientific,
Inc., Biotechnology Research Park, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United
States
- . Tel.: +1(804)347.9363.
Fax: +1(804)347.9363
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6
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Bhat A, Podstawczyk D, Walther BK, Aggas JR, Machado-Aranda D, Ward KR, Guiseppi-Elie A. Toward a hemorrhagic trauma severity score: fusing five physiological biomarkers. J Transl Med 2020; 18:348. [PMID: 32928219 PMCID: PMC7490913 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To introduce the Hemorrhage Intensive Severity and Survivability (HISS) score, based on the fusion of multi-biomarker data; glucose, lactate, pH, potassium, and oxygen tension, to serve as a patient-specific attribute in hemorrhagic trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred instances of Sensible Fictitious Rationalized Patient (SFRP) data were synthetically generated and the HISS score assigned by five clinically active physician experts (100 [5]). The HISS score stratifies the criticality of the trauma patient as; low(0), guarded(1), elevated(2), high(3) and severe(4). Standard classifier algorithms; linear support vector machine (SVM-L), multi-class ensemble bagged decision tree (EBDT), artificial neural network with bayesian regularization (ANN:BR) and possibility rule-based using function approximation (PRBF) were evaluated for their potential to similarly classify and predict a HISS score. RESULTS SVM-L, EBDT, ANN:BR and PRBF generated score predictions with testing accuracies (majority vote) corresponding to 0.91 ± 0.06, 0.93 ± 0.04, 0.92 ± 0.07, and 0.92 ± 0.03, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). Targeted accuracies of 0.99 and 0.999 could be achieved with SFRP data size and clinical expert scores of 147[7](0.99) and 154[9](0.999), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The predictions of the data-driven model in conjunction with an adjunct multi-analyte biosensor intended for point-of-care continual monitoring of trauma patients, can aid in patient stratification and triage decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Bhat
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B®), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Daria Podstawczyk
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Brandon K. Walther
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B®), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - John R. Aggas
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B®), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - David Machado-Aranda
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Kevin R. Ward
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Anthony Guiseppi-Elie
- Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B®), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Institute for Academic Medicine and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
- ABTECH Scientific, Inc, Biotechnology Research Park, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219 USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants are sessile organisms and are unable to relocate to favorable locations under extreme environmental conditions. Hence they have no choice but to acclimate and eventually adapt to the severe conditions to ensure their survival. As traditional methods of bolstering plant defense against stressful conditions come to their biological limit, we require newer methods that can allow us to strengthen plants' internal defense mechanism. These factors motivated us to look into the genetic networks of plants. The WRKY transcription factors are well known for their role in plant defense against biotic stresses, but recent studies have shed light on their activities against abiotic stresses such as drought. We modeled this network of WRKY transcription factors using Bayesian networks and applied inference algorithm to find the best regulators of drought response. Biologically intervening (activating/inhibiting) these regulators can bolster the defense response of plants against droughts. RESULT We used real world data from the NCBI GEO database and synthetic data generated from dependencies in the Bayesian network to learn the network parameters. These parameters were estimated using both a Bayesian and a frequentist approach. The two sets of parameters were used in a utility-based inference algorithm to determine the best regulator of plant drought response in the WRKY transcription factor network. CONCLUSION Our analysis revealed that activating the transcription factor WRKY18 had the highest likelihood of inducing drought response among all the other elements of the WRKY transcription factor network. Our observation was also supported by biological literature, as WRKY18 is known to regulate drought responsive genes positively. We also found that activating the protein complex WRKY60-60 had the second highest likelihood of inducing drought defense response. Consistent with the existing biological literature, we also found the transcription factor WRKY40 and the protein complex WRKY40-40 to suppress drought response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Lahiri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, 188 Bizzell St, College Station, 77843 United States
| | | | - Aniruddha Datta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, 188 Bizzell St, College Station, 77843 United States
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8
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Chaput CD, Shar A, Jupiter D, Hubert Z, Clough B, Krause U, Gregory CA. How stem cell composition in bone marrow aspirate relates to clinical outcomes when used for cervical spine fusion. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203714. [PMID: 30248138 PMCID: PMC6152872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is performed to relieve pain caused by degenerative disk disease and nerve obstruction. As an alternative to bone graft, autologous concentrated bone marrow aspirate (CBMA) is used to achieve vertebral fusion with a satisfactory success rate. This has been attributed in part to bone marrow-resident mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts and generate bone tissue. To date, there has been no study comparing cellular yields, MSC frequencies and their osteogenic potential with ACDF outcome. Patients (n = 24) received ACDF with CBMA and allograft bone matrix. Colony forming unit fibroblast (CFU-F) and CFU-osteoblasts (CFU-O) assays were performed on CBMA samples to enumerate MSCs (CFU-F) and osteogenic MSCs (CFU-O). CFUs were normalized to CBMA volume to define yield and also to mononuclear cells (MNC) to define frequency. After 1-year, fusion rates were good (86.7%) with pain and disability improved. There was a negative relationship between MNC and CFU-F measurements with age of patient and CFU-Os negatively correlated with age in females but not males. Tobacco use did not affect CBMA but was associated with poorer clinical outcome. Surprisingly, we found that while high-grade fusion was not associated with CFU-O, it correlated strongly (p<0.0067) with CBMA containing the lowest frequencies of CFU-F (3.0x10-6–5.83x10-5 CFU-F/MNC). MNC levels alone were not responsible for the results. These observations suggest that osteogenesis by human bone marrow is controlled by homeostatic ratio of MSCs to other cellular bone marrow components rather than absolute level of osteogenic MSCs, and that a lower ratio of MSCs to other cellular components in marrow tends to predict effective osteogenesis during ACDF. The results presented herein challenge the current dogma surrounding the proposed mechanism of MSCs in bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Chaput
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CAG); (CC)
| | - Adam Shar
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Medical Education Building, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple Campus, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daniel Jupiter
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zach Hubert
- Medical Education Building, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple Campus, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bret Clough
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ulf Krause
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Carl A. Gregory
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CAG); (CC)
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